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1-Richard L. Kilmer R. Clegg Hooks Economic Information Report 144 Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1979-80 Season HUME JUL i .AS. UL LIBRARY 2 1981 riv. of Florida Food and Resource Economics Department Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 May 1981 ABSTRACT The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1979-80 season are estimated to have increased from 1978-79 levels. The estimated total cost of producing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate increased to $3.90 --a four percent increase from 1978-79 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $3.99 --a fourteen percent increase from 1978-79 levels. Key margins, words: citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing processing costs, citrus. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our appreciation to the participant processors for their excellent cooperation, and to Mrs. Theresa Zerr for her clerical and secretarial assistance. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY . . . . . INTRODUCTION . . . . . . FROZEN CONCENTRATE . SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES . S. 1 S. 9 CITRUS FEED . . . . . COST AND PRICE TRENDS . . . . REFERENCES . . . . . 9 9 . . 18 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1979-80 season . . . . . . 2 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 450 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1979-80 season with comparisons to 1978-79 season levels . . . . . . 3 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 450 brix, 1979-80 season . . . . . . . 4 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 450 brix, 1979-80 season . . . . . . . Page S2 . 4 S5 S6 5 Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen orange concentrate, 450 brix, 1979-80 season .. . . . . . 7 6 Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate, 580 brix, 1979-80 season . . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page 7 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1979-80 season with comparisons to 1978-79 levels . . . . ... . . 10 8 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus fruit juices, 1979-80 season . .. 11 9 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida grapefruit juices, 1979-80 season . .. 12 10 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feed, in bulk, 1979-80 season with comparisons to 1978-79 season . . . .. 13 11 Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 450 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1979-80 seasons . . . . 14 12 The relative changes in the component costs that make-up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1979-80 seasons . . . . ... ... .16 13 Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar, in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1979-80 seasons 17 ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROCESSING, WAREHOUSING AND SELLING FLORIDA CITRUS PRODUCTS, 1979-80 SEASON R. Clegg Hooks and Richard L. Kilmer SUMMARY The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1979-80 season are estimated to have increased from 1978-79 levels. The estimated total costs of producing 48 six-ounce cans of orange concentrate 450 brix1 has increased to $3.90 --a four percent increase from 1978-79 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $3.99 --a fourteen percent increase from 1978-79 levels. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to develop estimates of processing costs for Florida citrus products for the 1979-80 season. Citrus processing cost data were obtained from 12 firms. The total volume for each type of product and the percentage of total Florida production processed by firms in the sample are shown in Table 1. The chilled juices again were not reported because of lack of participation by enough firms who produce chilled juice. Brix Quantitative measurement of total soluble solids, chiefly fruit sugars. Brix equals the percent by weight of fruit sugar solids. For example, each 100 pounds of 450 brix concentrate would contain 45 pounds of fruit sugar solids. R. CLEGG HOOKS is an assistant in Agricultural Economics and RICHARD L. KILMER is an Assistant Professor in Food and Resource Economics. 1 Table l.--Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1979-80 season Percentage Sample Total Total of total f Product produced produced Florida in by sample in production each firms Florida sample firms product ----------UNITS--------- Percent No. Orange concentrate 76,127,328 231,256,856 33 12 (gallons 45 brix) Grapefruit concentrate 3,052,373 19,442,747 16 6 (gallons 420 brix) Canned single strength 5,014,043 13,869,188 36 5 orange juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) Canned single strength 5,944,922 16,603,823 36 5 grapefruit juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) Canned blended single 425,094 1,313,596 32 4 strength juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) aReported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association [1]. Most firms provided average total costs per case or per gallon from their audited financial statements. The following tables present estimates of the average costs for plant operation, ware- housing and selling the finished products. Fruit costs are not included. The numbers shown in the following tables are weighted averages where the weights are the volumes packed of each product by each firm during the 1979-80 production year. Weighted averages tend to place the numbers reported in the tables closer to the costs for those firms with the larger volume of each of the products. The firms were not selected according to a sample design. Some of the year-to-year cost variation can be attributed to firms entering and leaving the sample and the distribution of the total volume of each product among sample firms. Detailed costs were aggregated into several major cost categories for each product and can size to give a total cost unsweetened. Selling costs include brokerage as well as the firms' sales department expense. Discount allowances and brand royalties have been omitted. FROZEN CONCENTRATE The estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling orange, grapefruit and blended frozen concentrate in various retail and bulk forms are shown in Tables 2,3,4,5 and 6. Estimated average costs for packing 48 six-ounce cans of orange concentrate in cases are shown in Table 2 along with item-by-item comparisons to 1978-79 estimates. Total costs were estimated at $3.91 per case-- a four percent increase above 1978-79 estimates. The items with the largest increase were: cartons, indirect labor, power, lights and water, and selling expense. Tables 3,4,5 and 6 show costs of packing other retail and in institutional packages as well as bulk concentrate in drums and tank farm. The changes in costs for the other retail packs are similar to those shown for the 48 six-ounce cans in cases. The total estimated Table 2.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 450 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1979-80 season with comparisons to 1978-79 season levels Frozen orange concentrate 48 6-oz. Estimated cost Change 1979-80 1978-79a in cost Number of firms 9 9 Number of cases per firm 435,958 420,936 -----Cont npe case ------ Percent Materials Cans Cartons Other Total materials Processing labor Direct Indirect Payroll taxes & ins. Total processing labor Other processing expense Power, lights, water Maintenance & repairs Depreciation & rent Royalties on machinery Taxes & insurance Miscellaneous Total other processing Total processing expense Warehousing expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes Other warehousing expense Total warehousing expense Administrative expense Selling expense Brokerage Other selling expense Total selling expense Other expense Advertising tax & insp. Other (int., misc. deductions) Total other expense Total cost unsweetened $1.6053 .1276 .0089 $1.7419 $0.2755 .1326 .0698 0. 4779 $1.4888 .1101 .0022 $1.6011 $0.2669 .1187 .0659 $0.4515 $0.1889 $0.1618 .1702 .1660 .1127 .1094 .0768 .0765 .0325 .0316 .1143 .1162 $0.6954 $0.661 $2.9152 $2.7141 $0.0809 .1501 $0.2310 $0.1512 $0.1339 .0905 $0.2244 $0.0761 .1507 0.22 68 $0.1563 $0.1213 .0850 $0.2063 $0.2239 $0.2042 .1609 .2520 $0.3848 $0.4562 $3.9066 $3.7597 aFrom Hooks [2]. bln this and the following tables administrative expense management and office salaries, office expense, telephone and and travel. include telegraph, CIn this and the following tables selling expense excludes allowances, discounts and brand royalties. + 8 + 16 + 305 + 9 + 6 0 + 2 - 3 S-_- r-_-.-:- 5 Table 3.--Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 450 brix, 1979-80 season Item Orange Concentrate Containers per case/container size 24/12 oz. 12/32 oz. Number of plants 9 9 Average number of cases per plant 1,063,882 194,238 --------Cost per case----------------- Materials Cans $1.0969 $1.0150 Cartons .1222 .1557 Labels .0000 .0000 Other .0071 .0093 Total materials $1.2262 $1.1800 Processing labor Direct $0.2758 $0.3678 Indirect .1331 .1747 Payroll taxes & ins. .0703 .0960 Total processing labor $0.4792 $0.6385 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.1923 $0.2549 Maintenance & repairs .1665 .2255 Depreciation & rent .1135 .1651 Royalties on machinery .0771 .1032 Taxes & insurance .0302 .0453 Miscellaneous .1170 .1629 Total other processing $0.6966 $0.9569 Total processing expense $2.4020 $2.7754 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0758 $0.0990 Other warehouse expense .1453 .1889 Total warehouse expense $0.2211 $0.2879 Administrative $0.1513 $0.2071 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1305 $0.1831 Other selling expense .0959 .1305 Total selling expense $0.2264 $0.3136 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.2235 $0.2978 Other (int., misc. deductions) .1511 .2338 Total other expense $0.3746 $0.5316 Total cost unsweetened $3.3754 $4.1156 Table 4.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 45 brix, 1979-80 season Concentrate Item Orange Grapefruit Containers per case/container size 24/16 oz. 24/6 oz. Number of firms 9 5 Average number of cases per firm 384,425 34,408 ----------Cost per case---------------- Materials Cans $1.4007 $0.8072 Cartons .1530 .1053 Labels .0000 .0000 Other .0104 .0030 Total materials $1.5641 $0.9155 Processing labor Direct $0.3682 $0.1236 Indirect .1809 .0608 Payroll taxes & ins. .0947 .0322 Total processing labor $0.6438 $0.2166 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.2607 $0.0890 Maintenance & repairs .2135 .0558 Depreciation & rent .1499 .0606 Royalties on machinery .1032 .0423 Taxes & insurance .0427 .0178 Miscellaneous .1495 .0471 Total other processing $0.9195 $0.3126 Total processing expense $3.1274 $1.4447 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0959 $0.0416 Other warehouse expense .1816 .0770 Total warehouse expense $0.2775 $0.1186 Administrative expense $0.1911 $0.0600 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1648 $0.0583 Other selling expense .1257 .0472 Total selling expense $0.2905 $0.1055 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.2979 $0.1281 Other (int., misc. deductions) .2098 .1143 Total other expense $0.5077 $0.2424 Total cost unsweetened $4.3942 $1.9712 Table 5.--Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen orange concentrate, 450 brix, 1979-80 season Concentrate Item Gallons, 450 Eqiivalent gallon in drums 450 all packs Number of firms 7 12 Average number of gallons per firm 2,727,133 6,343,944 ----------Cost per gallon-------------- Materials Drums and liners (total) $0.0335 $0.0000 Processing labor Direct $0.1024 $0.1156. Indirect .0424 .0530 Payroll taxes & ins. .0237 .0286 Total processing labor $0.1685 $0.1972 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.0833 $0.0846 Maintenance & repairs .0672 .0710 Depreciation & rent .0648 .0537 Royalties on machinery .0353 .0354 Taxes & insurance .0175 .0150 Miscellaneous .0420 .0480 Total other processing $0.3101 $0.3077 Total processing expense $0.5121 $0.5049 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0206 $0.0311 Other warehouse expense .0402 ,0562 Total warehouse expense $0.0608 $0.0873 Administrative expense $0.0811 $0.0700 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0336 $0.0469 Other selling expense .0251 .0346 Total selling expense $0.0587 $0.0815 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.0979 $0.0975, Other (int., misc. deductions) .0909 .0746, Total other expense $0.1888 $0.1721 Total cost unsweetened $0.9015 $0.9158 Table 6.--Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate, 580 brix, 1979-80 season Concentrate Item Orange Grapefruit Gallon, 58 Gallon, 580 in drums in drums Number of firms 5 4 Average number of gallons per firm 1,242,850 293,774 -----------Cost per gallon--------- Materials Drums and liner (total) $0.0800 $0.1131 Processing labor Direct $0.1406 $0.1359 Indirect .0544 .0484 Payroll taxes & ins. .0324 .0325 Total processing labor $0.2274 TO.2168 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.1077 $0.1158 Maintenance & repairs .0834 .0861 Depreciation & rent .0701 .0868 Royalties on machinery .0560 .0449 Taxes & insurance .0214 .0139 Miscellaneous .0544 .0526 Total other processing $0.3930 $0.4001 Total processing expense $0.7004 $0.7300 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0552 $0.0454 Other warehouse expense .0722 .0328 Total warehouse expense $0.1274 $0.0782 Administrative expense $0.0757 $0.0727 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0232 $0.0153 Other selling expense .0174 .0223 Total selling expense $0.0406 $0.0376 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1124 $0.1062 Other (int., misc. deductions) .1050 .0255 Total other expense $0.2174 $0.1317 Tntal ncst unsweetened $1.1615 $1.0502 u~U ~VI costs for 24 12-ounce, 24 16-ounce and 12 32-ounce cans in cases increased three, four and two percent above 1978-79. Bulk 450 brix orange concentrate costs shown in Table 5 were up four percent from 1978-79 estimates while the cost for equivalent gallons for all packs (excluding materials) is estimated to have decreased one percent. The costs of processing 580 brix bulk orange and grapefruit concentrate are shown in Table 6. SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES Estimated average single strength processing, warehousing and selling costs are shown in Tables 7,8 and 9. Table 7 shows estimated single strength processing costs for 12 46-ounce cans in cases for 1979-80 with comparisons to 1978-79 estimates. The 1979-80 cost is $3.99 per case, a fourteen percent increase in total costs over 1978-79 estimates. CITRUS FEED The estimated costs of processing citrus feed in bulk are shown in Table 10. Citrus feed processing costs per ton for 1979-80 are estimated to be $48.04 an eight percent increase over the 1978-79 season. COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS Costs for processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce cans of concentrate in cases remained relatively stable through the 1971-72 season (Table 11). From 1971-72 through 1974-75, costs increased by $1.03 (46 points) while average retail price increased $.25 (3 points). Since 1974-75, costs have increased 49 cents (21 points) while the average retail price has increased $12.04 (148 points). Changes in the cost categories that make-up the total processing, warehousing and selling expenses for 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate Table 7.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46- ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1979-80 season with comparisons to 1978-79 levels Orange juice 12 46-oz. cans (excluding sugar) Cost group Season Change in cost 1979-80 1978-79 Number of firms 5 5 Average number of cases per firm 577,818 522,201 -----Cost per case----------- Percent Materials Cans $2.2580 $1.9674 + 15 Cartons .1853 .1556 + 19 Labels and other .1336 .1197 + 12 Total materials $2.5769 $2.2427 + 15 Processing labor Direct $0.1763 $0.1593 + 11 Indirect .0813 .0716 + 14 Payroll taxes & ins. .0435 .0402 + 8 Total processing labor $0.3011 $0.2711 + 11 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.0985 $0.0833 + 18 Maintenance & repairs .1370 .1182 + 16 Depreciation & rent .0624 .0528 + 18 Royalties on machinery .0369 .0415 11 Taxes & insurance .0194 .0151 + 28 Miscellaneous .0689 .0665 + 4 Total other processing $0.4231 $0.3774 + 12 Total processing expense $3.3011 $2.8912 + 14 Warehouse expense Whse. & ship., labor & tax $0.1154 $0.1078 + 7 Other warehouse expense .1068 .0991 + 8 Total warehouse expense $0.2222 $0.2069 + 7 Administrative expense $0.1069 $0.1000 + 7 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0894 $0.0813 + 10 Other selling expense .0669 .0603 + 11 Total selling expense $0.1563 $0.1416 + 10 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1135 $0.0777 + 46 Other (int., misc. deduct.) .0904 .0900 0 Total other expense $0.2039 $0.1677 + 22 Total cost unsweetened $3. 9904 $3.5074 + 14 $3.9904 $3.5074 + 14 Total cost unsweetened Table 8.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus fruit juices, 1979-80 season Orange juice Blended juice Containers per case/container size 48/6 oz. 12/46 oz. Number of firms 5 3 Average number of cases per firm 245,476 110,464 ---------Cost per case---------- Materials Cans $2.7783 $2.2368 Cartons .1225 .1828 Labels .0000 .0711 Other .0121 .0611 Total materials $2.9129 $2.5518 Processing labor Direct $0.1191 $0.1945 Indirect .0545 .0886 Payroll taxes & ins. .0330 .0519 Total processing labor $0.2066 $0.3350 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.0525 $0.1037 Maintenance & repairs .0685 .1044 Depreciation & rent .0368 .0835 Royalties on machinery .0193 .0305 Taxes & insurance .0120 .0218 Miscellaneous .0333 .0617 Total other processing $0.2224 $0.4056 Total processing expense $3.3419 $3.2924 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0919 $0.0893 Other warehouse expense .0804 .0848 Total warehouse expense $0.1723 $0.1741 Administrative expense $0.0639 $0.0623 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0586 $0.0752 Other selling expense .0427 .0632 Total selling expense $0.1013 $0.1384 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.0595 $0.1304 Other (int., misc. deductions) .0575 .1295 Total other expense $0.1170 $0.2599 Total cost unsweetened $3.7964 $3.9271 aBlended juice: a blend of orange and grapefruit juices. Table 9.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida grapefruit juices, 1979-80 season Item Grapefruit juices Containers per case/container size 48/6 oz. 12/46 oz. Number of firms 5 5 Average number of cases per firm 278,617 710,752 ----------Cost per case------------- Materials Cans $2.7443 $2.2371 Cartons .1224 .1844 Labels .0000 .0797 Other .0102 .0532 Total materials $2.8769 $2.5544 Processing labor Direct $0.1192 $0.1828 Indirect .0540 .0840 Payroll taxes & ins. .0341 .0478 Total processing labor $0.2073 $0.3146 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.0507 $0.0954 Maintenance & repairs .0654 .1343 Depreciation & rent .0428 .0704 Royalties on machinery .0198 .0345 Taxes & insurance .0125 .0205 Miscellaneous .0323 .0678 Total other processing $0.2235 $0.4229 Total processing expense $3.3077 $3.2919 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0869 $0.1094 Other warehouse expense .0760 .1015 Total warehouse expense $0.1629 $0.2109 Administrative expense $0.0575 $0.0987 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0588 $0.0864 Other selling expense .0431 .0674 Total selling expense $0.1019 $0.1538 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.0728 $0.1299 Other (int., misc. deductions) .0690 .1067 Total other expense $0.1418 $0.2366 Total cost unsweetened $3.7718 $3.9919 Table 10.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feed in bulk, 1979-80 season with comparisons to 1978-79 season Season Change in cost 1979-80 1978-79a Number of firms 8 7 Av. number of tons produced per firm 35,042 29,589 ---------Cost per ton-------- Percent Materials totalb $ 1.71 $ 1.71 0 Processing labor Direct $ 4.98 $ 5.17 4 Indirect 1.66 1.69 2 Payroll taxes & insurance 1.21 1.18 + 3 Total processing labor $ 7.85 $ 8.04 2 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $21.82 $16.05 + 36 Maintenance & repairs 5.69 6.19 8 Depreciation & rent 4.00 5.33 -25 Taxes & insurance .86 1.02 16 Miscellaneous 1.49 1.32 + 13 Total other processing $33.86 $29.91 + 13 Total processing expense $43.42 $39.66 + 9 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $ 0.89 $ 1.02 13 Other warehouse expense .90 .99 9 Total warehouse expense $ 1.79 $ 2.01 11 Administrative expense $ 0.95 $ 0.86 + 10 Selling expense Brokerage $ 0.24 $ 0.28 14 Other selling expense .46 .52 12 Total selling expense $ 0.70 $ 0.80 13 Other expense total $ 1.18 $ 1.28 8 Total costs $48.04 $44.61 + 8 citrus feed -- A by-product of processing fresh citrus into juice, concentrate or canned fruit. It consists of dried citrus pulp with lime added. The major use for this by-product is cattle feed. Reported by Hooks [2]. CDoes not include bag costs. Table ll.--Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 450 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1979-80 seasons Sp Average retail price Season per case per 48/6 oz. cans Season 48/6 oz. cans in cases Actual Indexc Actual Indexc 1965-66 $2.38 107 $ 8.80 108 1966-67 2.07 92 7.00 86 1967-68 2.26 101 8.60 106 1968-69 2.24 100 9.76 120 1969-70 2.38 107 8.68 107 1970-71 2.43 109 8.88 109 1971-72 2.39 107 9.84 121 1972-73 2.61 117 9.56 118 1973-74 3.02 135 9.55 117 1974-75 3.42 153 10.09 124 1975-76 3.24 145 10.66 131 1976-77 3.49 156 12.80 157 1977-78 3.63 162 13.16 162 1978-79 3.76 168 17.57 216 1979-80 3.91 174 18.47 227 years prior to 1979-80 are from Hooks [2]. bReported by NPD Research, Inc. cThe index was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average. are shown in Table Administrative and other costs decreased while the remaining cost categories increased relative to Table 1978-79. 13 shows how costs of producing canned products have changed since the 1961-62 season. Table 12.--The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6- ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1979-80 seasons Season Materials Labor Other b Warehousing Administrative Selling Other Total processing S/case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent L/case Percent S/case Percent $/case Percent 1965-66 .9982 99 .2656 106 .3872 112 .1234 100 .1444 128 .1519 123 .3163 116 2.3870 107 1966-67 1.0208 101 .2117 85 .2759 80 .1053 86 .0766 68 .0935 76 .2825 104 2.0663 92 1967-68 1.0128 100 .2729 109 .3705 108 .1395 114 .1180 104 .1249 101 .2164 80 2.2550 101 1968-69 1.0279 102 .2776 111 .3380 98 .1112 91 .1203 106 .1169 95 .2481 91 2.2400 100 1969-70 1.0271 102 .2943 118 .3355 97 .1278 104 .1211 107 .1223 99 .3556 131 2.3837 107 1970-71 1.0627 105 .2881 115 .3789 109 .1354 110 .1390 123 .1514 127 .2737 101 2.4272 109 1971-72 1.0771 107 .2666 108 .3728 108 .1147 93 .1623 143 .1270 103 .2646 97 2.3851 107 1972-73 1.1815 117 .2978 119 .4170 121 .1358 111 .1761 156 .1389 113 .2639 97 2.6110 117 1973-74 1.3285 131 .3865 155 .4864 141 .1930 157 .1521 135 .1279 104 .3483 122 3.0227 135 1974-75 1.6534 164 .3654 146 .5130 149 .2240 182 .1636 145 .1566 127 .3435 126 3.4194 153 1975-76 1.5213 151 .3394 136 .5468 159 .2005 163 .1247 110 .1490 121 .3622 133 3.2439 145 1976-77 1.4557 144 .4463 178 .6302 183 .2196 179 .1460 129 .2006 163 .3900 144 3.4884 156 1977-78 1.5049 149 .4517 181 .6854 199 .2204 179 .1323 117 .2239 181 .4099 151 3.6285 162 1978-79 1.6011 158 .4515 181 .6615 192 .2268 185 .1563 138 .2063 167 .4562 168 3.7597 168 1979-80 1.7419 172 .4779 191 .6954 202 .2310 188 .1512 134 .2244 182 .3848 142 3.9066 175 Basec 1.0106 100 .2501 100 .3445 100 .1228 100 .1130 100 .1234 100 .2717 100 2.2361 100 years prior to 1977-78 are taken from Hooks [2]. blnclude power, water, lights, steam, maintenance, repairs, royalties, taxes, insurance, rent and miscellaneous expenses. CThe index for each Item was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average cost (shown in the last row of the table). Table 13.--Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1979-80 seasons Season Orange Grapefruit Blended juice juice juice ----------------Dollars per case--------------------- 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1.57 1.79 1.78 1.66 1.75 1.72 1.91 1.90 2.02 2.02 2.05 2.14 2.43 2.91 2.89 2.92 3.19 3.51 3.99 1.54 1.72 1.72 1.62 1.70 1.68 1.88 1.86 1.98 2.06 2.06 2.16 2.52 2.87 2.82 2.92 3.15 3.49 3.99 1.55 1.74 1.75 1.64 1.74 1.70 1.91 1.91 2.00 2.00 2.05 2.15 2.50 2.93 2.89 2.87 3.16 3.45 3.93 aData for years prior to 1977-78 are taken from Hooks [2]. REFERENCES [1] Florida Citrus Processors Association. Statistical Summary, 1979-80 Season. Winter Haven: 1981 [2] Hooks, R. Clegg and Richard L. Kilmer. Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1978-79 Season. Food and Resource Economics Department. Economic Information Report 136. Gainesville: July 1980. This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $1023.25 or $0.85 per copy to report citrus processing research results to county agricultural directors and firms and agencies in the citrus industry. |