![]() ![]() |
![]() |
|
UFDC Home |
myUFDC Home | Help | ![]() |
Front Cover | |
Abstract | |
Acknowledgement | |
Table of Contents | |
Main | |
Reference |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Citation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table of Contents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Front Cover
Front Cover Abstract Page i Acknowledgement Page i Table of Contents Page ii Page iii Main Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Reference Page 18 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Text | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
R. Clegg Hooks Richard L. Kilmer Economic Information Report 123 Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1977-78 Season Food and Resource Economics Department Cooperative Extension Service Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 November 1979 ABSTRACT The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1977-78 season are estimated to have increased from 1976-77 levels. The estimated total cost of producing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate increased to $3.63--a four percent increase from 1976-77 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $3.19--a nine percent increase from 1976-77 levels. Key words: processing costs, citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing margins, citrus. ACKNOWEDGEMNTS for and We wish to express our appreciation to the participant processors their excellent cooperation, and to Mrs. Theresa Zerr for her clerical secretarial assistance. ABSTRACT The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1977-78 season are estimated to have increased from 1976-77 levels. The estimated total cost of producing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate increased to $3.63--a four percent increase from 1976-77 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $3.19--a nine percent increase from 1976-77 levels. Key words: processing costs, citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing margins, citrus. ACKNOWEDGEMNTS for and We wish to express our appreciation to the participant processors their excellent cooperation, and to Mrs. Theresa Zerr for her clerical secretarial assistance. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY . . . . . . 1 INTRODUCTION ......................... 1 FROZEN CONCENTRATE ................... ... 3 SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES . . . . 9 CITRUS FEED . . . . . . 9 COST AND PRICE TRENDS . . . . 9 REFERENCES .. .. ... ..... .. .. ..... 18 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1977-78 season . . . . .. . 2 2 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 450 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1977-78 season with comparisons to 1977-76 season levels . . . . ... . 4 3 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 450 brix, 1977-78 season . . . . . 5 4 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 450 brix, 1977-78 season . . . . . .. 6 5 Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen orange concentrate, 450 brix, 1977-78 season ..... .. . . . 7 6 Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate, 580 brix, 1977-78 season . . . . . . 8 LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page 7 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1977-78 season with comparisons to 1976-77 levels . . . . ... . .. 10 8 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus fruit juices, 1977-78 season . .. 11 9 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida grapefruit juices, 1977-78 season ...... 12 10 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feed, in bulk, 1977-78 season with comparisons to 1976-77 season . . ... .13 11 Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 450 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1977-78 seasons . . . 14 12 The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1977-78 seasons . . . . ... ..... .. 15 13 Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar, in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1977-78 seasons 17 ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROCESSING, WAREHOUSING AND SELLING FLORIDA CITRUS PRODUCTS, 1977-78 SEASON R. Clegg Hooks and Richard L. Kilmer SUMMARY The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1977-78 season are estimated to have increased from 1976-77 levels. The estimated total costs of producing 48 six-ounce cans of orange concentrate has increased to $3.63--a four percent increase from 1976-77 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $3.19--a nine percent increase from 1976-77 levels. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to develop estimates of processing costs for Florida citrus products for the 1977-78 season. Citrus processing cost data were obtained from 13 firms. The total volume for each type of product and the percentage of total Florida production processed by firms in the sample are shown in Table 1. The chilled juices were not reported this year because of lack of participation by chilled juice firms. Most firms provided average unit costs from their audited financial statements. The following summaries present estimates of the average costs for plant operation, warehousing and selling the finished products. Fruit costs are not included. The numbers shown in the following tables R. CLEGG HOOKS is an assistant in Agricultural Economics and RICHARD L. KIIIER is an assistant professor in Food and Resource Economics. Table 1.--Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1977-78 season Percentage Sample Proct Total Total of total fi produced produced Florida producing by sample in production each firms Floridaa produced by prouc product sample firms -----Equivalent units----- Percent No. Orange concentrate 61,914,735 161,203,606 38 9 (gallons) Grapefruit concentrate 2,843,791 13,692,707 21 7 (gallons) Canned single strength 5,687,536 11,654,185 49 6 orange juice (24/2 equivalent) Canned single strength 6,424,985 16,788,758 38 6 grapefruit juice (24/2 equivalent) Canned blended single 520,923 1,663,617 31 4 strength juice (24/2 equivalent) aReported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association [1]. are weighted averages where the weights are the volumes packed of each product by each firm. Weighted averages tend to place the numbers reported in the tables closer to the costs for those firms with the larger volume of each of the products. The firms were not selected according to a sample design. Some of the year-to-year cost variation can be attributed to variation in the firms in the sample and the distribution of the total volume of each product among sample firms. Detailed costs were aggregated into several major cost categories for each product and can size to give a total cost unsweetened. Selling costs include brokerage as well as the firms' sales department expense. Discount allowances and brand royalties have been omitted. FROZEN CONCENTRATE The estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling orange, grapefruit and blended frozen concentrate in various retail and bulk forms are shown in Tables 2,3,4,5 and 6. Estimated average costs for packing 48 six-ounce cans of orange concentrate in cases are shown in Table 2 along with item-by-item comparisons to 1976-77 estimates. Total costs were estimated at $3.63 per case --a nine percent increase above 1976-77 estimates. The items with the largest increase were: other processing expense, up nine percent; and selling expense, up twelve percent. Tables 3,4,5 and 6 show costs of packing other retail and in institutional packages as well as bulk concentrate in drums. The changes in costs for the other retail packs are similar to those shown for the 48 six-ounce cans in cases. The total estimated costs for 24 12-ounce, 24 16-ounce and 12 32-ounce cans in cases increased four, one and five percent above 1976-77. Bulk 450 brix orange concentrate costs shown in Table 5 were up two percent from 1976-77 estimates while the cost for equivalent gallons for all packs (excluding materials) is estimated to have Table 2.-Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 45 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1977-78 season with comparisons to 1976-77 season levels Frozen orange concentrate 48 6- oz. Estimated cost ha Change in cost 1977-78 1976-77a Number of plants 8 9 Number of cases per plant 540,740 562,612 ---Cost per case - Materials Cans Cartons Labels Other Total materials Processing labor Direct Indirect Payroll taxes & Ins. Total processing labor Other processing expense Power, lights, water Maintenance & repairs Depreciation & rent Royalties on machinery Taxes & insurance Miscellaneous expense Total other processing Total processing expense arehousing expense Whose. & shipping, labor & taxes Other warehousing expense Total warehousing expense Administrative expense Selling expense Brokerage c Other selling expense Total selling expense Other expense Advertising tax & insp. Other (int., misc. deductions) Total other expense Total cost -znsweetened $1.4011 .0956 .0000 .0082 $1.5049 $0.2553 .1261 .0702 $0. 4517 $0.1673 .1573 .1223 .0819 .0328 .1238 $0.6854 $2.6420 $0.0763 .1441 $0. 2204 $0.1323 $0.1244 .0995 $0.2239 $0.2474 .1625 $0.4099 $3.6285 $1.3473 .1036 .0000 .0048 $1.4557 $0.2683 .1144 .0636 $0.4463 Percent + 4 - 8 0 + 71 + 3 $0.1571 + .1412 + .1017 + .0809 + .0331 .1162 + $0.6302 + $2.5322 + $0.0755 .1441 $0.2196 $0.1460 $0.1006 .1000 $0.2006 $0.2561 .1339 $0.3900 $3.4884 - 4 + 21 + 5 + 4 arom Hooks [2]. bin this and the following tables administrative expense include management and office salaries, office expense, telephone and telegraph, and travel. CIn this and the following tables selling expense excludes allowances, discounts, and brand royalties. Table 3.--Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 450 brix, 1977-78 season Item Orange Concentrate Container size 24/12 12/32 Number of plants 8 8 Average number of cases per plant 914,631 237,532 Materials -----Cost per case----- Materials Cans $0.9772 $0.8518 Cartons .0933 .1131 Labels .0000 .0000 Other .0058 .0094 Total materials $1.0763 $0.9743 Processing labor Direct $0.2557 $0.3477 Indirect .1227 .1700 Payroll taxes & ins. .0688 .0995 Total processing labor $0.4472 $0.6172 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.1643 $0.2211 Maintenance & repairs .1623 .2318 Depreciation & rent .1248 .1725 Royalties on machinery .0816 .1158 Taxes & insurance .0327 .0436 Miscellaneous .1268 .1821 Total other processing $0.6925 $0.9669 Total processing expense $2.2160 $2.5584 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0748 $0.0960 Other warehouse expense .1452 .1825 Total warehouse expense $0.2200 $0.2785 Administrative expense $0.1333 $0.1824 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1243 $0.1690 Other selling expense .0988 .1343 Total selling expense $0.2231 $0.3033 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.2477 $0.3319 Other (int., misc. deductions) .1666 .2240 Total other expense $0.4143 $0.5559 Total cost unsweetened $3. 2067 $3 .8785 Total cost unsweetened $3.2067 $3.8785 Table 4.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 450 brix, 1977-78 season Item Concentrate Orange Grapefruit Container size 24/16 24/6 Number of firms 8 6 Average number of cases per firm 378,730 27,960 Materials -----------Cost per case------ Materials Cans $1.2086 $0.7066 Cartons .1163 .0804 Labels .0000 .0000 Other .0097 .0042 Total materials $1.3346 $0.7912 Processing labor Direct $0.3395 $0.1259 Indirect .1648 '.0660 Payroll taxes & ins. .0947 .0380 Total processing labor $0.5990 $0.2299 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.2264 $0.0852 Maintenance & repairs .2081 .0719 Depreciations & rent .1680 .0568 Royalties on machinery .1096 .0317 Taxes & insurance .0445 .0151 Miscellaneous .1629 .0560 Total other processing $0.9195 $0.3167 Total processing expense $2.8531 $1.3378 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0953 $0.0466 Other warehouse expense .1819 .0790 Total warehouse expense $0.2772 $0.1256 Administrative expense $0.1758 $0.0587 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1588 $0.0417 Other selling expense .1335 .0434 Total selling expense $0.2923 $0.0851 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.3303 $0.1485 Other (int., misc. deductions) .2122 .0725 Total other expense $0.5425 $0.2210 Total cost unsweetened $4.1409 $1.8282 Table 5.--Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen orange concentrate, 4 5 brix, 1977-78 season Item Concentrate Gallons, 450 Equivalent gallon in drums 450 all packs Number of firms 7 9 Average number of gallons per firm 2,907,464 6,879,415 ---------Cost per gallon---------- Materials Drums and liners (total) $0.0222 $0.0000 Processing labor Direct $0.0879 $0.1054 Indirect .0345 .0488 Payroll taxes & ins. .0205 .0279 Total processing labor $0.1429 $0.1821 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.0732 $0.0731 Maintenance & repairs .0717 .0718 Depreciation & rent .0682 .0580 Royalties on machinery .0350 .0361 Taxes & insurance .0178 .0154 Miscellaneous .0586 .0569 Total other processing $0.3245 $0.3113 Total processing expense $0.4896 $0.4934 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0204 $0.0292 Other warehouse expense .0471 .0572 Total warehouse expense $0.0675 $0.0864 Administrative expense $0.0709 $0.0621 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0375 $0.0488 Other selling expense .0188 .0366 Total selling expense $0.0563 $0.0854 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1109 $0.1094 Other (int., misc. deductions) .1117 .0823 Total other expense $0.2226 $0.1917 Total cost unsweetened $0.9069 $0.9190 Table 6.--Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate, 568 brix, 1977-78 season Concentrate Item Orange Grapefruit Gallon, 58 o Gallon, 58 in drums in drums Number of firms 3 3 Average number of gallons per firm 838,815 366,048 -------Cost per gallon------ Materials Drums and liner ( total) $0.0556 $0.1112 Processing labor Direct $0.1350 $0.1692 Indirect .0532 .0896 Payroll taxes & ins. .0259 .0453 Total processing labor $0.2141 $0.3041 Other processing labor Power, lights, water $0.0852 $0.1063 Maintenance & repairs .1000 .0985 Depreciation & rent .1094 .1013 Royalties on machinery .0635 .0413 Taxes & insurance .0164 .0184 Miscellaneous .0544 .0582 Total other processing $0.4289 $0.4240 Total processing expense $0.6986 $0.8393 Warehousing expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0409 $0.0415 Other warehouse expense .1030 .0579 Total warehouse expense $0.1439 $0.0994 Administrative expense $0.0945 $0.0853 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0645 $0.0180 Other selling expense .0313 .0180 Total selling expense $0.0958 $0.0360 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1508 $0.1645 Other (int., misc. deductions) .0322 .0248 Total other expense $0.1830 $0.1893 Tntal cost unsweetened $1.2158 $1.2493 increased four percent. The costs of processing 580 brix bulk orange and grapefruit concentrate are shown in Table 6. SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES Estimated average single strength processing, warehousing and selling costs are shown in Tables 7,8 and 9. Table 7 shows estimated single strength processing costs for 12 46-ounce cans in cases for 1977-78 with comparisons to 1976-77 estimates. Materials expense was the item showing the largest absolute increase, while cost increases for other items ranged from eight to ten percent with the outcome being a nine percent increase in total costs over 1976-77 estimates. CITRUS FEED The estimated costs of processing citrus feed in bulk are shown in Table 10. Citrus feed processing costs per ton for 1977-78 are estimated to be $42.50, an eleven percent increase over the 1976-77 season. COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS Costs for processing, warehousing and selling 48 six-ounce cans of concentrate in cases remained relatively stable through the 1971-72 season (Table 11). From 1971-72 through 1974-75, costs increased by $1.03 (46 points) while average retail price increased $.25 (3 points). Since 1974-75, costs have increased 21 cents (9 points) while the average retail price has increased $3.07 (38 points). Changes in the cost categories that make-up the total processing, warehousing and selling expenses for 48 six-ounce cans of orange con- centrate are shown in Table 12. Administrative cost decreased while the remaining cost categories remain constant or increased relative to Table 7.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46- ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in.cases, 1977-78 season with comparisons to 1976-77 levels Orange juice 12 46-oz. (excluding sugar) Cost group Cost group Season Change in cost 1977-78 1976-77 Number of plants 5 6 Average number of cases per plant 555,663 662,892 Materials ---Cost per case---- Percent Cans $1.7312 $1.5341 + 13 Cartons .1426 .1372 + 4 Labels and other .1134 .1073 + 6 Total materials $1.9872 $1.7786 + 12 Processing labor Direct $0.1549 $0.1431 + 8 Indirect .0724 .0702 + 3 Payroll taxes & ins. .0454 .0399 + 14 Total processing labor $0.2727 $0.2532 + 8 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.0716 $0.0740 4 Maintenance & repairs .0826 .0823 0 Depreciation & rent .0581 .0626 8 Royalties on machinery .0408 .0399 + 2 Taxes & insurance .0162 .0144 + 12 Miscellaneous .0576 .0537 + 7 Total other processing $0.3269 $0.3269 0 Total processing expense $2.5868 $2.3587 + 10 Warehouse expense Whse. & ship., labor & taxes $0.1063 .1006 + 6 Other warehouse expense .0976 .0956 .+ 2 Total warehouse expense $0.2039 $0.1962 + 4 Administrative expense $0.0741 $0.0736 + 1 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0824 $0.0696 + 18 Other selling expense .0573 .0561 + 2 Total selling expense $0.1397 $0.1257 + 11 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1175 $0.1162 +1 Other (int., misc. deductions) .0649 .0491 + 32 Total other expense $0.1824 $0.1653 + 10 Total cost unsweetened $3.1869 $2.9195 + 9 Table 8.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus fruit juices, 1977-78 season Orange juice Blended juice Container size 48/6 24/2 12/46 Number of plants 5 3 4 Average number of cases per plant 204,412 41,892 101,901 -----------Cost per case------ Materials Cans $2.2002 $1.6397 $1.7281 Cartons .1016 .1402 .1372 Labels .0000 .1097 .0959 Other .0078 .0323 .0102 Total materials $2.3096 $1.9219 $1.9714 Processing labor Direct $0.1044 $0.1669 $0.1611 Indirect .0486 .0893 .0732 Payroll taxes & ins. .0339 .0517 .0491 Total processing labor $0.1869 $0.3079 $0.2834 Other processing labor Power, lights, water $0.0394 $0.0374 $0.0879 Maintenance & repairs .0427 .0663 .0699 Depreciation & rent .0361 .0691 .0696 Royalties on machinery .0227 .0334 .0365 Taxes & insurance .0095 .0162 .0188 Miscellaneous .0295 .0517 .0529 Total processing labor $0.1799 $0.2741 $0.3356 Total processing labor $2.6764 $2.5039 $2.5904 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0906 $0.1155 $0.0931 Other warehouse expense .0805 .1013 .0794 Total warehouse expense $0.1711 $0.2168 $0.1725 Administrative expense $0.0434 $0.0510 $0.0700 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0700 $0.0992 $0.0681 Other selling expense .0493 .0663 .0488 Total selling expense $0.1193 $0.1655 $0.1169 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.0624 $0.0684 $0.1223 Other (int., misc. deductions) .0424 .0663 .0876 Total other expense $0.1048 $0.1347 $0.2099 Total cost unsweetened $3.1150 $3.0719 $3.1597 $3.0719 $3.1597 $3.1150 Total cost unsweetened Table 9.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida grapefruit juices, 1977-78 season Item Grapefruit juices Container size 48/6 12/46 Number of plants 5 5 Average number of cases per plant 243,489 784,000 -------Cost per case--- ------ Materials Cans $2.2201 $1.7095 Cartons .1007 .1423 Labels .0000 .1003 Other .0064 .0081 Total materials $2.3272 $1.9602 Processing labor Other direct $0.1023 $0.1532 Indirect labor .0467 .0695 Payroll taxes, ins. .0332 .0494 Total processing labor $0.1822 $0.2721 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.0395 $0.0707 Maintenance & repairs .0433 .0871 Depreciation & rent .0347 .0601 Royalties on machinery .0167 .0276 Taxes & insurance .0092 .0156 Miscellaneous .0294 .0575 Total other processing $0.1728 $0.3186 Total processing expense $2.6822 $2.5509 Warehouse expense Whse. & Ship., labor & taxes $0.0891 $0.1045 Other warehouse expense .0798 .0966 Total warehouse expense $0.1689 $0.2011 Administrative expense $0.0426 $0.0711 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0552 $0.0694 Other selling expense .0389 .0486 Total selling expense $0.0941 $0.1180 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.0723 $0.1409 Other (int., misc. deductions) .0411 .0678 Total other expense $0.1134 $0.2087 Total cost unsweetened $3.1012 $3.1498 Table 10.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feed, in bulk, 1977-78 season with comparisons to 1976-77 Season Change in cost 1977-78 1976-77a Number of plants 7 11 Av. number of tons produced per plant 30,704 34,356 ----Cost per ton--- Percent Materials total $ 1.34 $ 1.02 + 31 Processing labor Direct $ 5.01 $ 4.17 + 20 Indirect 1.45 1.10 + 32 Payroll taxes & insurance 1.24 .82 + 51 Total processing labor $ 7.70 $ 6.09 + 26 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $14.94 $16.36 10 Maintenance & repairs 5.50 3.67 + 50 Depreciation & rent 5.55 4.40 + 26 Taxes & insurance .96 .97 1 Miscellaneous 1.66 1.30 + 28 Total other processing $28.61 $26.70 + 7 Total processing expense $37.65 $33.81 + 11 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $ 1.22 $ .82 + 49 Other warehouse expense .99 .77 + 28 Total warehouse expense 2.21 $ 1.59 + 39 Administrative expense $ .78 $ 1.00 28 Selling expense Brokerage $ .28 $ .29 4 Other selling expense .50 .29 + 72 Total selling expense $ 78 $ .58 + 34 Other expense total $ 1.08 $ 1.25 16 Total costs $42.50 $38.23 + 11 aReported by Hooks 12]. bDoes not include bag costs. Table 11.--Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 45 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1977-78 seasons Average retail price Cost per cage, per 48/6-oz.bcans Season 48/6-oz. in cases Actual Indexc Actual Indexc 1965-66 $2.38 107 $ 8.80 108 1966-67 2.07 92 7.00 86 1967-68 2.26 101 8.60 106 1968-69 2.24 100 9.76 120 1969-70 2.38 107 8.68 107 1970-71 2.43 109 8.88 109 1971-72 2.39 107 9.84 121 1972-73 2.61 117 9.56 118 1973-74 3.02 135 9.55 117 1974-75 3.42 153 10.09 124 1975-76 3.24 145 10.06 131 1976-77 3.49 156 12.80 157 1977-78 3.63 162 13.16 162 years prior to 1977-78 are frmn Hooks [2]. Reported by the Market Research Corporation of America. cThe index was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average. Table 12.--The relative changes in the component costs that make up 1he total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48/6- ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1977-78 seasons Season Materials Labor Other b Warehousing Administrative Selling Other Total processing $ case Percent $ case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent $/case Percent 1965-66 .9982 99 .2656 106 .3872 112 .1234 100 .1444 128 .1519 123 .3163 116 2.3870 107 1966-67 1.0208 101 .2117 85 .2759 80 .1053 86 .0766 68 .0935 76 .2825 104 2. 0663 92 1967-68 1.0128 100 .2729 109 .3705 108 .1395 114 .1180 104 .1249 101 .2164 80 2.2550 101 1968-69 1.0279 102 .2776 111 .3380 98 .1112 91 .1203 106 .1169 95 .2481 91 2.2400 100 1969-70 1.0271 102 .2943 118 .3355 97 .1278 104 .1211 107 .1223 99 .3556 131 2.3837 107 1970-71 1.0627 105 .2881 115 .3769 109 .1354 110 .1390 123 .1514 127 .2737 101 2.4272 109 1971-72 1.0771 107 .2666 107 .3728 108 .1147 93 .1623 143 .1270 103 .2646 97 2.3851 107 1972-73 1.1815 117 .2978 119 .4170 121 .1358 111 .1761 156 .1389 113 .2639 97 2.6110 117 1973-74 1.3285 131 .3865 155 .4864 141 .1930 157 .1521 135 .1279 104 .3483 122 3.0227 135 1974-75 1.6534 164 .3654 146 .5130 149 .2240 182 .1636 145 .1566 127 .3435 126 3.4194 153 1975-76 1.5213 151 .3394 136 .5468 159 .2005 163 .1247 110 .1490 121 .3622 133 3.2439 145 1976-77 1.4557 144 .4463 178 .6302 183 .2196 179 .1460 129 .2006 163 .3900 144 3.4884 156 1977-78 1.5049 149 .4517 181 .6854 199 .2204 179 .1323 117 .2239 181 .4099 151 3.6285 162 Basec 1.0106 100 .2501 100 .3445 100 .1228 100 .1130 100 .1234 100 .2717 100 2.2361 100 aYears prior to 1977-78 are taken frcm Hooks (2]. bInclude power, water, lights, steam, maintenance, repairs, royalties, taxes, insurance, rent and miscellaneous expenses. CThe index for each item was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average cost (shown in the last row of the table). 16 1976-77. Table 13 shows how costs of producing canned products have changed since the 1961-62 season. Table 13.--Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1977-78 seasons Season Orange Grapefruit Blended juice juice juice ------------ Dollars per case----------------- 1961-62 1.57 1.54 1.55 1962-63 1.79 1.72 1.74 1963-64 1.78 1.72 1.75 1964-65 1.66 1.62 1.64 1965-66 1.75 1.70 1.74 1966-67 1.72 1.68 1.70 1967-68 1.91 1.88 1.91 1968-69 1.90 1.86 1.91 1969-70 2.02 1.98 2.00 1970-71 2.02 2.06 2.00 1971-72 2.05 2.06 2.05 1972-73 2.14 2.16 2.15 1973-74 2.43 2.52 2.50 1974-75 2.91 2.87 2.93 1975-76 2.89 2.82 2.89 1976-77 2.92 2.92 2.87 1977-78 3.19 3.15 3.16 aData for years prior to 1977-78 are taken from Hooks [2]. REFERENCES [1) Florida Citrus Processors Association. Season. Winter Haven: 1979. Statistical Summary, 1977-78 12] Hooks, R. Clegg and Richard L. Kilmer. Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1976-77 Season. Food and Resource Economics Department. Economic Information Report 96. Gainesville: July 1978. This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $961.00 or $0.80 per copy to report citrus processing research results to county agricultural directors and firms and agencies in the citrus industry. |