|
2"Timothy G. Taylor
Gary H. Wilkowske
Costs
Crops
Economic Information
Report 186
and Returns from Vegetable
in Florida, Season 1981-82
with Comparisons
HLjME LIBRARY
JAN 21 i 194
Food and Resource Economics Department
Agricultural Experiment Stations
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Unveraity of Florida, Gainesvills 32111
July 1983
F -3
ABSTRACT
Costs and returns were estimated for 14 vegetable erops in one or more of
nine major 'production areas for the 1981-82 season. For the first time
strawberries in the Plant City area are reported. Of the 24 crop-area
combinations, 11 crops were estimated to have incurred losses on average.
Total per acre costs ranged from a low $636.50 per acre for Everglades
radishes to $11,072.20 per acre for Plant City strawberries. Estimated net
"returns ranged from $-766.29 per acre for Immokalee-Lee pe-pers to $1321.49
per acre for leaf crops in Central Florida.
Keywords: vegetables, operating cost, harvesting and marketing cost, net
return.
FOREWORD
This is the twenty-second annual summary of costs and returns for Florida
vegetable crops. Although the cost items included in this summary are similar
to previous summaries, the reporting format has been changed. Several items,
including sample sizes, total acreage surveyed, average acres per grower and
I
statistical ranges, have been omitted primarily for reasons of
confidentiality.
As in past years, cost and returns estimates for each crop were obtained
on the basis of data obtained from individual growers and statistical estima-
tion. To increase accuracy in estimating yields and prices, considerable use
was made of Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service data. The computa-
tion of 5 year averages for all crops was achieved by estimating costs and
returns for the 1979-80 season for those crops not included in the 1979-80
summary. These data are available on request from the authors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author wishes to express appreciation to the many vegetable growers
for their cooperation in supplying the basic data utilized in preparing the
report. In addition, various county agents, the Florida Fruit and Vegetable
Association, the Florida Tomato Committee and the Florida Crop and Livestock
Reporting Service provided invaluable assistance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT, FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................. i
MAP OF FLORIDA VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS............................ iv
DEFINITIONS ........................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 Summary of estimated per acre costs and returns
for selected Florida vegetables, 1981-82.................... 1
2 SNAP BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm
Beach-Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82..... 2
3 CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 3
4 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central
Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.......... 4
5 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 5
6 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central
Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 6
7 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 7
8 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the lower
East Coast area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........ 8
9 CUCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the
Immokalee-Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82..... 9
10 EGGPLANT: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-
Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 10
11 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central
Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 11
12 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 12
LIST OF TABLES--Continued
Table Page
13 PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-
Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............... 13
14 PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-
Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 14
15 IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade
County area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............ 15
16 IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the
Hastings area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.......... 16
17 RADISHES: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.................... 17
18 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 18
19 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-
Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............... 19
20 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-
Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 20
21 STRAWBERRIES: Costs and returns per acre in the Plant
City area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.............. 21
22 TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.................... 22
23 STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the
Immokalee-Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82..... 23
24 STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the
Manatee-Ruskin area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.... 24
25 WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-
Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............... 25
potatoes, squash, cucumbeers strawberries
2 Palm Bcach-Broward--snap beans, peppers,
4 Everglades--snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage, I
5 Fort Pierce--tomatoes, watermelons
watermelons '" I:. 4 /
9 Plant City--strawberries, peppers, squash, pole 3--.
beans, southern peas, CLoka
watermelons/ t
LEI16
FLO R I DA 14
VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS r 13
With Principal Vegetables Produced saoe\ 12t
1 Dadc--tomatoes, snap and pole beans,-Irish
potatoes, squash, cucumbers, strawberries "
2 Palm B iech-Broward--snap beans, peppers, l Ne10
eggplant, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes pi "2'
3 Immokalee-Lee-tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers,
squash, Irish potatoes, watermelons
4 Everglades--snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage, w9
escarole, celery, Irish potatoes, radishes .-No a-
5 Fort Pierce--tomatoes, watermelons 5
6 Wauchula--cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons, I h pa
7 Sarasota--celery, radishes, lettuce, cabbage 6 \ -r
8 Manatee-Ruskin--tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower,7 ^O
watermelons 4
9 Plant City-strawberries, peppers, squash, pole rE ,3ri
beans, southern peas, okra ^
10 Sumer--cucunbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, t tomatoes
watermelons potatoes
11 Zellwood--sweet corn, celery, escarole, lettuce, 2
snap beans, radishes 3
12 Sanford-Oviedo--cabbage, celery, snap beans, lettuce, ,_ 1
escarole, sweet corn, peppers /
13 Oxford-Belleview-Lowell--tomatoes, watermelons.
14 McIntoch-Island Grove--squash, snap beans, celery,
cabbage, lettuce, watermelons
15 Alachua--snap beans, cucumbers, peppers, Irish potatoes,,,.
watermelons
16 Hastings--Irish potatoes, cabbage MoP
17 Starke-Brooker-Lake Butler--snap and lima beans, ./
cucumbers, peppers-, squash, strawberries
18 Quincy-Havana--pole beans, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes
19 Escambia--Irish potatoes
other production costs where records had not been kept showing the respective
charges to different crops. Prorations were also made to these items on the
basis of available data (D.L. Brooke, Fla. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bul. 660, June
1973).
In many cases individual growers did not incur every cost item. This applies
especially to airplane application, machine hire, grading and packing,
containers, hauling and precooling. Thus, these data are based only on the
overall average for all growers contacted in each area.
Per-unit costs and returns were computed by dividing the average yield per
acre in the sample into the various items of cost shown in the individual
tables. They are merely averages of the data recorded and, in some cases, do
not reflect the full cost of performing the service because all growers may
not have incurred every item of cost.
Table 1. Summary of estimated per acre costs and
Vegetables, 1981-82
returns for selected Florida
Preharvest Harvest and Total Total Net
Crop Area marketing
cost m et costs receipts return
costs
Snap beans 2 $ 701.95 $ 306.28 $1,008.23 $ 851.16 $-157.07
Cabbage 16 874.86 957.81 1,832.67 2,386.25 553.28
Celery 11 1,833.25 1,742.00 3,575.25 4,363.86 788.61
Celery 4 2,475.92 1,553.18 4,029,10 3,400.44 -628.66
Sweet corn 11 820.06 677.44 1,497.50 1,661.61 164.11
Sweet corn 4 565.24 637.26 1,202.50 1,122.68 -79.82
Sweet corn 2 972.34 549.68 1,522.02 1,385.65 -136.37
Cucumbers 3 1,150.76 1,110.80 2,261.56 1,956.04 -305.52
Eggplant 2 2,470.47 1,490.36 3,960.83 3,765.86 -194.97
Leaf 11 954.95 1,410.92 2,365,87 3,687.36 1,321.49
Leaf 4 1,456.80 1,330.12 2,786.92 3,251.93 465.01
Peppers 3 2,/06.36 1,268.53 3,574.89 2,808.60 -766.29
Peppers 2 2,975.36 1,426.49 4,401.85 3,891.96 -509.89
Potatoes 1 1,444.04 383.32 1,827.36 2,524.34 696.98
Potatoes 16 1,003.59 395.43 1,399.02 1,824.00 424.98
Radishes 4 304.69 331.81 636.50 798.75 162.25
Squash 1 841.58 599.70 1,441.28 1,569.78 128.50
Squash 3 739.72 782.02 1,521.74 1,782.96 261.22
Squash 2 692.12 455.21 1,147.33 1,627.92 408.59
Strawberries 9 4,127.08 6,945.12 11,072.20 11,377.52 305.32
Tomatoes 1 2,458.19 3,499.53 5,957.72 6,328.30 370.58
Tomatoes 3 2,774.32 3,070.97 5,845.29 5,753.00 -92.29
Tomatoes 8 2,449.99 4,266.92 6,716.91 6,840.75 123.84
Watermelons 3 1,333.63 418.73 1,752.36 1,449.00 -303.36
Table 2. SNAP BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels) 76 82
Total receipts.....................,.....
Operating costs
Seed ..................................
Fertilizer.............................
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor.........................
Machine hire..........................
Gas, oil, grease.......................
Repair and maintenanceo..............
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months).............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent..............................
Depreciation...........................
Licenses and insurance..................
Interest on investment.................
Total fixed costs........................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing....................
Containers.............................
Hauling............ ....................
Selling............ ....................
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs..............................
Net return...............................
$556.97 $851.16 $10.380
35.38
55.55
48.58
74.66
9.61
19.21
26.02
11.82
12.99
293.82
49.60
13.55
16.25
2.00
81.40
85.08
58.50
12.99
16.79
173.36
548.58
8.39
72.47
80.37
78.41
85.44
8.29
45.99
55.63
34.53
19.57
480.70
141.92
50.92
21.20
7.21
221.25
139.17
101.01
25.20
40.90
306.28
1008.23
-157.07
5.862
2.698
1.697
1.232
0.307
0.499
3.735
12.295
-1.915
Table 3 CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area, 5-season
average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre 50 lb.
Yield (50 lbs.) 433 415
Total receipts...........................
Operating costs
Seed............................... .
Fertilizer ...... .... ...................
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor........................
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil, grease...... ................
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)..............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent..............................
Depreciation.. .........................
Licenses and insurance ................
Interest on investment.................
Total fixed costs..... ....................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Cutting and packing....................
Containers... .................. ........
Hauling .............. ..................
Selling ................................
Total harvesting and marketing costs ....
Total costs..............................
Net return...............................
$1742.72 $2386.25
74.10
113.51
80.65
165.64
5.93
49.52
64.85
22.14
8.28
584.62
43.11
51.20
41.99
7.97
144.27
224.91
385.41
116.87
727.19
1456.08
286.64
80.08
114.55
83.27
219.35
27.50
53.91
42.27
40.78
16.36
678.07
60.00
36.59
95.06
5.14
196.79
348.18
474.22
10.91
124.50
957.81
1832.67
553.58
$5.750
1.634
0.474
0.839
1.143
0.026
0.300
2.308
4.416
1.334
- --- -I
Table 4. CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area,
5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Crate
Yield (crates) 421 566
Total receipts............ ............. $3529.81 $4363.86 $7.710
Operating costs.......*...... ..*..... *...
Seed................................... 114.75 99.08
Fertilizer.................. ......... .. 161.17 198.13
Spray and dust......................... 169.82 180.24
Cultural labor.......................... 362.29 380.49
Machine hire............................. 21.84 65.48
Gas, oil, grease......,................ 41.69 55.30
Repair and maintenance................. 97.85 237.16
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months)............. 50.48 118.75
Miscellaneous expense.................. 88.71 267.73
Total operating costs.................... 1108.60 1602.36 2.831
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................. 49.33 99.36
Depreciation........*................* 41.15 54.02
Licenses and insurance................. 80.40 93.60
Interest on investment................. 6.90 7.65
Total fixed costs........*........*..... 177.78 254.63 .450
Harvesting and marketing costs
Cutting and packing................... 841.72 842.59 1.489
Containers........ ....... ........*..** 423.83 513.48 .907
Hauling.......*....**........*......... 78.12 83.33 .147
Other.........*.......*...... ......... 175.82 190.38 .336
Selling ................*.........*.... 107.44 112.22 .198
Total harvesting and marketing costs.... 1626.93 1742.00 3.077
Total costs.............................. 2913.31 3598.99 6.359
Net return......*....... ................ 616.50 764.87 1.351
Table 5. CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-season
average 177-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Crate
Yield (crates) 597 516
Total receipts..................... ..... $3827.00 $3400.44 $6.590
Operating costs
Seed................................... 105.64 121.77
Fertilizer.............. .......... ..... 160.22 287.84
Spray and dust........................ 396.27 390.00
Cultural labor....................... .... 464.66 646.09
Machine hire........................... 28.95 41.44
Gas, oil, grease...... ................ 62.55 117.28
Repair and maintenance................. 145.48 178.47
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months)............. 66.73 160.13
Miscellaneous expense.................. 70.26 103.25
Total operating costs.................... 1500.76 2046.27 3.966
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................. 84.58 215.15
Depreciation......................... 68.92 76.42
Licenses and insurance................. 78.08 159.28
Interest on investment................ 11.69 10.83
Total fixed costs.... ................... 243.27 461.68 0.895
Harvesting and marketing costs
Cutting and packing.................... 724.33 633.12 1.227
Containers............................ 539.86 459.83 0.891
Hauling................................ 103.32 133.42 0.259
Other................................... 292.86 197.31 0.382
Selling......... .... ............... ..... 111.35 129.50 0.251
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1771.72 1553.18 3.010
Total costs.............................. 3515.75 4061.13 7.870
Net return.............................. 311.25 -660.69 -1.280
Table 6. SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area,
5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Crate
Yield (crates) 307 291
Total receipts.........................
Operating costs
Seed...................................
Fertilizer.....*................ ........
Spray and dust.......................
Cultural labor.........................
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil, grease.....................
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months).............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent.................*.......*...
Depreciation........*..................
Licenses and insurance.................
Interest on investment.........*.......
Total fixed costs........................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing...................
Containers...................* ...*.****
Hauling..*......................*******
Other.................*........********
Selling ....... ..... ..*.... .............
Total harvesting and marketing cost......
Total costs...............*....**********
Net return........... ....... -.. ..... .****
$1177.11 $1661.61
21.91
60.57
103.63
54.63
13.87
22.24
62.57
16.33
40.54
396.29
46.87
22.91
31.05
3.93
104.76
210.13
251.49
36.72
108.05
59.57
665.96
1167.01
10.10
21.91
79.60
161.98
43.24
17.99
37.47
106.90
42.77
153.76
665.62
88.47
19.76
43.41
2.80
154.44
215.53
291.41
29.39
87.37
53.74
677.44
1497.50
164.11
$5.710
2.287
0.531
0.741
1.001
0.101
0.300
0.185
2.328
5.146
0.564
Table 7. SWEET CORN: Costs and return per acre in the Everglades area, 5-
season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Crate
Yield (crates) 190 221
Total receipts..........................
Operating costs
Seed. ............... ....... ...........
Fertilizer.................. ...... ...
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor.........................
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil, grease...... ................
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)............
Miscellaneous expense.................
Total operating costs..................
Fixed costs
Land rent..............................
Depreciation............................
Licenses and insurance ................
Interest on investment.................
Total fixed costs.... ....................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing...................
Containers. ....... ....................
Hauling ....... ........ ....... ..........
Other .... ........... ............ .....
Selling ............. ....................
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs..............................
Net return...............................
$784.28 $1122.68
20.98
45.20
94.93
59.52
21.26
20.29
39.56
13.51
16.85
332.10
54.76
25.19
25.24
4.37
109.56
165.12
168.91
34.05
93.07
35.81
496.96
938.62
$5.080
31.45
48.56
154.55
50.75
26.96
17.30
43.17
27.32
23.31
423.37
60.76
50.05
25.22
5.84
141.87
224.07
228.18
53.31
83.94
47.76
637.26
1202.50
1.916
0.642
1.014
1.032
0.241
0.380
0.216
2.883
5.441
-153.34 -79.82 -0.361
-
8
Table 8. SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Lower East Coast
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Crate
Yield (crates) 175 185
Total receipts...........................
Operating costs
Seed...................................
Fertilizer .............................
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor.........................
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil, grease.......................
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)..............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent..............................
Depreciation........................
Licenses and insurance.................
Interest on investment.................
Total fixed costs........................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing....................
Containers.............................
Hauling............. ..................
Other. ............. ...................
Selling ................................
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs..............................
Net return.,.............................
$905.49 $1385.65
28.07
112.23
101.27
72.03
17.12
26.00
39.07
17.16
18.01
430.96
66.67
23.56
25.71
4.29
120.23
113.13
133.93
33.18
97.78
30.01
408.03
959.22
-53.73
22.47
152.26
222.58
66.13
33.31
78.75
100.16
50.53
27.33
753.52
131.88
26.33
56.88
3.73
218.82
158.25
202.45
12.73
144.11
32.14
549.68
1522.02
-136.37
$7.490
4.073
1.183
0.855
1.094
0.069
0.779
0.174
2.971
8.227
0.737
I I ~
Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5-
season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels) 291 316
Total receipts...........................
Operating costs
Seed .............. .. ..................
Fertilizer .............................
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor........................
Machine hire............... ..........
Gas, oil, grease...... ........... ....
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months).............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs ....................
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................
Depreciation ...........................
Licenses and insurance.................
Interest on investment................
Total fixed costs......................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking ..............................
Grading and packing....................
Containers................... .........
Hauling ........ ....... .................
Selling............ ...... .............
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs..............................
Net return...............................
$2035.61 $1956.04
19.26
174.98
90.45
234.40
34.62
59.03
58.48
29.95
22.11
723.28
35.62
41.49
49.20
7.17
133.48
353.61
241.39
202.11
52.70
64.60
914.41
1771.17
264.44
27.06
284.13
139.81
214.84
44.81
83.40
69.45
50.59
29.29
943.38
77.90
55.97
65.58
7.93
207.38
445.80
263.12
239.85
55.43
106.60
1110.80
2261.56
-305.52
$6.190
2.985
0.656
1.411
0.833
0.759
0.175
0.337
3.515
7.157
-0.967
II-- -
Table 9. CUCUMBERS:
Table 10. EGGPLANT: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels) 742 727
Total receipts....................,..... $3274.28 $3765.86 $5.180
Operating costs
Seed .......................*...** ..... 54.03 88.49
Fertilizer.. ................. ........ 277.36 421.74
Spray and dust......................... 250.75 281.24
Cultural labor ...................... 535.26 622.37
Machine hire......... ................. 44.70 37.13
Gas, oil, grease......*................ 94.77 112.37
Repair and maintenance................ 111.89 114.31
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months)............. 73.72 161.30
Miscellaneous expense. ...... ......... 196.80 291.97
Total operating costs.................... 1639.28 2130.92 2.931
Fixed costs
Land rent................... .......*.. 79.36 190.00
Depreciation........................... 59.31 56.29
Licenses and insurance................. 97.88 117.55
Interest on investment................. 10.05 7.97
Total fixed costs ............... 0...... 246.60 371.81 0.511
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing.................... 626.17 723.37 0.995
Containers....... .................. 487.26 458.01 0.630
Hauling.................. .. ............ 127.17 127.23 0.175
Selling..... ..... .............. ....... 177.56 181.75 0.250
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1418.16 1490.36 2.050
Total costs................ ...*** ........ 3304.04 3993.09 5.493
Net return................................. -29.76 -227.23 -0.313
11
Table 11. LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Crate
Yield (crates) 664 552
Total receipts........................... $2611.40 $3687.36 $6.680
Operating costs
Seed................................. .. 114.01 90.42
Fertilizer............ ............ 59.52 71.87
Spray and dust........................ 70.00 75.17
Cultural labor ........................ 205.12 256.57
Machine hire........... ............ -- -
Gas, oil, grease...................... 28.32 35.54
Repair and maintenance................. 83.69 106.52
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)............. 24.55 48.76
Miscellaneous expense................. 58.40 56.64
Total operating costs.................... 643.61 741.49 1.343
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................. 48.69 93.84
Depreciation.................... 37.66 40.04
Licenses and insurance................. 63.59 73.91
Interest on investment................ 6.41 5.67
Total fixed costs........................ 156.35 213.46 0.387
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing.................... 274.37 397.44 0.720
Containers............................ 504.19 601.68 1.090
Hauling................................ 50.10 47.16 0.085
Other............... ................... 194.61 226.64 0.411
Selling................................ 81.73 138.00 0.250
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1105.00 1410.92 2.556
Total costs.............................. 1904.96 2365.87 4.286
Net return............................... 706.44 1321.49 2.394
Table 12. LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-
season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Crate
Yield (crates) 456 517
Total receipts..........................
Operating costs
Seed....... ..... .. ....................
Fertilizer..... ... .....................
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor........................
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil, grease....... ...............
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months).............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent..............................
Depreciation..........* ....* ......*** &.
Licenses and insurance................
Interest on investment..............***
Total fixed costs................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing....................
Containers.......*.....................
Hauling......... ....... .... .. ...********
Other.................... ..... .......
Selling.................. ........* ......
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs..........................****
Net return..........**.....---...........
$1997.48 $3251.93
18.36
106.01
97.77
221.45
33.92
28.40
53.40
23.03
27.92
611.16
64.48
30.76
31.56
5.04
131.84
296.80
347.17
77.19
211.60
88.01
1020.77
1763.77
233.71
29.44
195.80
190.84
306.36
53.95
70.70
137.70
75.38
60.36
1120.53
210.84
44.78
74.31
6.34
336.27
498.37
387.30
132.32
236.82
75.31
1330.12
2786.92
465.01
$6.290
2.167
0.650
0.964
0.749
0.256
0.458
0.146
2.573
5.391
0.899
Table 13. PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area,
5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels) 597 372
Total receipts........................... $3818.06 $2808.60 $7.550
Operating costs
Seed................ ................... 57.80 103.12
Fertilizer ..... ..... .................. 277.91 316.72
Spray and dust......................... 304.26 317.82
Cultural labor......................... 474.91 431.52
Machine hire............................. 47.41 53.21
Gas, oil, grease...... ................ 118.38 165.81
Repair and maintenance................. 191.58 205.40
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months)............. 82.46 147.19
Miscellaneous expense.................. 286.11 292.47
Total operating costs.................... 1840.82 2033.26 5.466
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................. 64.82 75.57
Depreciation......................... 81.77 96.87
Licenses and insurance................ 96.54 116.38
Interest on investment................. 13.80 13.72
Total fixed costs........................ 256.93 302.54 0.813
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking ............................... 450.58 369.62 0.994
Grading and packing.................... 554.39 418.46 1.125
Containers............................. 323.65 267.84 0.720
Hauling............................... 135.63 101.01 0.272
Selling................................. 126.24 111.60 0.300
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1590.49 1268.53 3.410
Total costs.............................. 3688.24 3604.33 9.689
Net return............................... 129.82 -795.73 -2.139
Table 14. PEPPERS:
Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels) 762 569
Total receipts...........................
Operating costs
Seed......................... .. .......
Fertilizer .............................
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor..........................
Machine hire..........................
Gas, oil, grease...... 0.......... ......
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months).............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rentio............................
Depreciation...........................
Licenses and insurance................
Interest on investment.................
Total fixed costs...... ....... ..........
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing....................
Containers................ ............
Hauling ................................
Selling ............ .... ..... ...........
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs.......... ...................
Net return.......... .....................
$4515.32 $3891.96
89.93
239.69
369.91
688.52
94.12
133.61
143.59
94.47
261.70
2115.54
84.17
72.52
160.85
11.81
329.35
700.54
389.13
143.68
177.52
1410.87
3855.76
659.56
149.58
289.40
290.32
831.56
162.11
123.66
298.45
191.83
307.50
2644.41
117.28
99.74
138.17
14.13
369.32
786.47
339.62
135.15
142.25
1426.49
4440.22
-548.26
$6.840
4.647
0.649
1.382
0.597
0.238
.250
2.507
7.804
-0.964
Table 15. IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Cwt.
Yield (cwt.) 153 182
Total receipts........................... $1434.88 $2524.34 $13.870
Operating costs
Seed.................. ................. 245.02 296.25
Fertilizer ............................. 112.04 172.19
Spray and dust......................... 115.29 183.05
Cultural labor.................. ....... 109.29 207.07
Machine hire ........................... 12.23 8.81
Gas, oil, grease......a................ 36.78 88.43
Repair and maintenance................. 56.58 111.96
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)............. 28.97 71.23
Miscellaneous expense.................. 22.57 14.13
Total operating costs.................... 738.77 1153.12 6.336
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................. 79.92 121.61
Depreciation........................... 39.57 101.50
Licenses and insurance................. 58.51 53.43
Interest on investment................. 6.61 14.38
Total fixed costs........................ 184.61 290.92 1.598
Harvesting and marketing costs
Digging................................ 34.22 37.51 0.206
Grading and packing.................... 174.00 183.12 1.006
Containers.............................. 54.06 77.66 0.427
Hauling........... ..................... 32.22 16.98 0.093
Selling................................ 45.32 68.05 0.374
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 339.82 383.32 2.106
Total costs.............................. 1263.20 1827.36 10.040
Net return............................... 171.68 696.98 3.830
Table 16. IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area,
5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Cwt.
Yield (cwt.) 222 240
Total receipts.....................,..... $1209.05 $1824.00 $7.600
Operating costs
Seed.............. .... .. .... ............ 184.73 238.56
Fertilizer............ ................. 119.93 155.43
Spray and dust......................... 68.19 114.44
Cultural labor ........................ 74.60 87.44
Machine hire........................... 9.16 8.34
Gas, oil, grease......*................ 35.94 60.06
Repair and maintenance................. 60.23 75.95
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)............. 22.35 50.01
Miscellaneous expense.................. 20.68 53.82
Total operating costs.................... 595.81 844.05 3.517
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................. 48.15 46.99
Depreciation................... ...... 52.92 63.07
Licenses and insurance................. 33.46 41.44
Interest on investment................. 7.48 8.04
Total fixed costs........................ 142.01 159.54 0.665
Harvesting and marketing costs
Digging ................ ............... 47.83 71.44 0.298
Grading and packing.................... 75.95 110.89 0.462
Containers .................. ....... 28.70 81.61 0.340
Hauling.......... .... .................. 44.27 60.15 0.251
Selling................................ 60.74 71.34 0.297
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 257.49 395.43 1.648
Total costs............................. 995.31 1399.02 5.829
Net return............................... 213.74 424.98 1.771
Table 17. RADISHES: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-
season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre 30-6 oz.
Yield (30-6 oz.) 241 225
Total receipts....................,.....
Operating costs
Seed...................................
Fertilizer..............................
Spray and dust..........................
Cultural labor..........................
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil, grease...... ................
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 2 months).............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent............... ..............
Depreciation...........................
Licenses and insurance ................
Interest on investment.................
Total fixed costs.. ......................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Digging ................................
Grading and packing....................
Containers.. ....... ......................
Hauling.................................
Other .............. ..... ................
Selling ................................
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs.............................
Net return...............................
$573.31 $798.75
19.36
22.79
20.37
38.35
3.56
13.18
28.18
3.29
7.86
156.94
21.74
10.94
13.04
1.82
47.54
23.92
122.26
95.01
16.05
5.19
30.69
293.12
497.60
75.71
23.74
23.09
32.78
39.32
8.04
32.84
54.54
8.20
15.53
238.08
31.09
11.79
28.60
3.34
74.82
40.20
94.90
107.44
23.20
21.06
45.01
331.81
644.71
154.04
$3.550
1.058
0.333
0.179
0.422
0.478
0.103
0.094
0.200
1.475
2.865
0.685
18
Table 18. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5-
season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels) 154 162
Total receipts........................... $1257.68 $1569.78 $9.690
Operating costs
Seed......... ....... ..... ..... ....... 78.08 108.86
Fertilizer ............... ............ 90.16 117.24
Spray and dust....................... 77.96 88.08
Cultural labor....................... 76.11 89.72
Machine hire........................... 19.17 16.05
Gas, oil, grease......,................ 39.83 56.69
Repair and maintenance................. 57.01 67.99
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)............. 19.31 42.83
Miscellaneous expense .................. 19.18 31.34
Total operating costs.................... 476.81 618.80 3.820
Fixed costs
Land rent............................. 62.94 121.61
Depreciation............................ 32.15 40.58
Licenses and insurance................. 47.28 58.29
Interest on investment................. 4.24 2.30
Total fixed costs.... ................... 146.61 222.78 1.375
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing................. .... 283.50 351.57 2.170
Containers............................ 135.02 162.44 1.003
Hauling................................. 29.59 37.09 0.229
Selling....................... ....... ... 46.38 48.60 0.300
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 494.49 599.70 3.702
Total costs.............................. 1117.91 1441.28 8.897
Net return............................... 139.77 128.50 0.793
Table 19. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5-
season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels)
198
184
Total receipts.......................... $1596.43 $1782.96 $9.690
Operating costs
Seed................................... 30.20 33.79
Fertilizer .......................... 141.29 173.16
Spray and dust......................... 66.71 77.50
Cultural labor......................... 107.06 127.03
Machine hire........................... 20.43 24.54
Gas, oil, grease...... ............... 44.64 63.25
Repair and maintenance................. 35.26 39.58
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)............. 18.24 37.78
Miscellaneous expense.................. 17.51 26.42
Total operating costs.................... 481.34 603.05 3.277
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................. 38.99 53.34
Depreciation.......................... 29.01 30.89
Licenses and insurance................. 36.62 48.06
Interest on investment................. 4.81 4.38
Total fixed costs........................ 109.43 136.67 0.743
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking........... ..................... 204.39 272.76 1.482
Grading and packing.................... 147.29 160.25 0.871
Containers............................. 173.27 212.44 1.155
Hauling............. .................. 45.73 42.55 0.231
Selling .... ........ ................... 71.20 94.02 0.511
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 641.88 782.02 4.250
Total costs.......... ................... 1232.65 1521.74 8.270
Net return............................... 363.78 261.22 1.420
Table 20. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area,
5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Bushel
Yield (bushels) 121 168
Total receipts........................... $1128.23 $1627.92 $9.690
Operating costs
Seed......... ...... ...... ............. 18.21 20.03
Fertilizer...... ....................... 63.00 77.19
Spray and dust......................... 74.33 85.09
Cultural labor......................... 99.23 154.22
Machine hire........................... 12.31 16.11
Gas, oil, grease......*................ 28.01 33.88
Repair and maintenance................. 37.44 79.72
Interest on production
capital (17% 4 months)............. 14.56 35.69
Miscellaneous expense.................. 7.61 45.88
Total operating costs.................... 354.70 547.81 3.261
Fixed costs
Land rent...o ........ ......*.......... 64.59 98.46
Depreciation.......... ... ............ 24.02 23.38
Licenses and insurance................. 20.08 19.16
Interest on investment................. 3.88 3.31
Total fixed costs..........*............. 112.57 144.31 0.860
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and packing.................... 202.45 253.17 1.507
Containers............................. 118.25 120.96 0.720
Hauling ................................ 25.93 38.98 0.232
Selling............ .*....... ......... 36.34 42.10 0.251
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 382.97 455.21 2.710
Total costs.............................. 850.24 1147.33 6.829
Net return............................... 277.99 480.59 2.861
Table 21. STRAWBERRIES: Costs and returns per acre in the Plant City area,
1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Flat
Yield (flats) 1847
Total receipts....................,.....
Operating costs
Seed. ........................ .........
Fertilizer........... ....... ......
Spray and dust.........................
Cultural labor.........................
Machine hire ...........................
Gas, oil, grease........................
Repair and maintenance,................
Interest on production
capital (17% 6 months).............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................
Depreciation ................... .......
Licenses and insurance.................
Interest on investment..................
Total fixed costs............ .........
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking and Packing...................
Containers............... ... ... ......
Hauling.................. ..............
Sellinge... ....... ..... .... ... ...........
Other...................................
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs..............................
Net return...............................
$11,377.52
897.53
352.28
657.61
371.72
4.40
312.33
180.94
215.23
191.37
3183.41
550.00
93.75
280.00
19.92
943.67
3358.46
1354.24
38.00
1145.94
1048.48
6945.12
11072.20
305.32
$6.160
1.724
0.511
1.818
0.733
0.021
0.620
0.568
3.760
5.995
0.165
Table 22. TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5-
season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre 25 lb.
Yield (25 Ibs.) 692 1210
Total receipts........................... $3438.18 $6328.30 $5.230
Operating costs
Seed ................................ 38.97 50.86
Fertilizer..... ....................... 219.45 262.20
Spray and dust......................... 396.05 488.86
Cultural labor........................ 410.96 544.93
Machine hire.................... ...... 24.97 30.56
Gas, oil, grease....................... 70.62 105.63
Repair and maintenance................. 108.47 127.91
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months)............. 70.55 157.03
Miscellaneous expense.................. 246.05 363.31
Total operating costs.................... 1586.09 2131.29 1.761
Fixed costs
Land rent.............. ............ 71.86 152.33
Depreciation.............. ............ 72.39 85.87
Licenses and insurance................. 71.65 90.15
Interest on investment................. 12.13 29.96
Total fixed costs........................ 228.03 358.31 0.296
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking........... ..................... 350.08 849.37 0.702
Grading and packing.................... 646.74 1412.07 1.167
Containers............................. 331.32 709.06 0.586
Hauling............................... 125.65 243.67 0.201
Selling............... ............... 131.77 285.36 0.236
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1585.56 3499.53 2.892
Total costs.............................. 3399.68 5989.13 4.950
Net return............................... 638.50 339.17 0.280
Table 23. STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre 25 lb.
Yield (25 lbs.) 795 1100
Total receipts...........................
Operating costs
Seed..................................
Fertilizer ......... .................
Spray and dust..........................
Cultural labor..........................
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil, grease....................
Repair and maintenance.................
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months)..............
Miscellaneous expense..................
Total operating costs....................
Fixed costs
Land rent.............................
Depreciation.............................
Licenses and insurance.................
Interest on investment...............
Total fixed costs......................
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking ...... .............. .......... ..
Grading and packing....................
Containers.............................
Hauling............ ...................
Selling .......... .. ....................
Total harvesting and marketing costs.....
Total costs..............................
Net return.. .... ......................
$4831.31 $5753.00
108.95
275.43
809.38
779.03
54.71
113.57
174.97
101.33
321.16
2738.53
73.49
102.35
96.25
17.51
289.60
506.84
815.21
429.56
156.51
141.44
2049.56
5077.69
-246.38
152.99
343.36
351.35
774.25
75.00
163.73
197.21
176.01
219.33
2453.23
91.80
130.21
115.83
18.45
356.29
815.97
1191.30
668.80
229.90
165.00
3070.97
5880.49
-127.49
$5.230
2.230
0.324
0.742
1.083
0.608
0.209
0.150
2.792
5.346
-0.116
Table 24. STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Manatee-Rusk in
area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1980-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre 25 lb.
Yield (25 Ibs.) 844 1303
Total receipts........................... $5187.85 $6840.75 $5.250
Operating costs
Seed.....* ..... .. .... ......... ......... 91.66 128.60
Fertilizer............................. 208.67 290.18
Spray and dust.......................... 237.59 268.26
Cultural labor.............. ............. 534.98 531.13
Machine hire........................... 27.26 19.56
Gas, oil, grease...................... 113.73 190.09
Repair and maintenance............... 117.97 151.60
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months).............. 70.56 142.31
Miscellaneous expense.................. 182.38 193.41
Total operating costs..................... 1584.80 1915.14 1.470
Fixed costs
Land rent.................. ....... ... 52.42 83.29
Depreciation........................... 108.67 286.41
Licenses and insurance................. 112.80 153.04
Interest on investment................. 17.49 40.57
Total fixed costs..................... ... 291.38 563.31 0.432
Harvesting and marketing costs
Picking............................... 623.42 936.29 0.719
Grading and packing.................... 1089.84 2007.10 1.540
Containers............................. 483.17 882.00 0.677
Hauling... ........ .................. 163.33 149.10 0.114
Selling.................... ............ 139.87 292.43 0.224
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 2499.63 4266.92 3.275
Total costs.. ........................... 4375.81 6745.37 5.177
Net return.............................. 812.04 95.38 0.073
Table 25. WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area,
5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82
1977-81 1981-82 Season
average per
Category Acre Acre Cwt.
Yield (cwt.) 306 210
Total receipts........................... $1843.68 $1449.00 $6.900
Operating costs
Seed .... ..... .. ..... .................. 10.04 20.79
Fertilizer............................. 211.63 259.19
Spray and dust......................... 117.41 201.30
Cultural labor ....... ............. 141.44 209.03
Machine hire........................... 102.24 155.99
Gas, oil, grease...... ................ 46.16 105.98
Repair and maintenance................. 50.03 82.55
Interest on production
capital (17% 5 months)............. 33.20 83.70
Miscellaneous expense.................. 16.98 20.92
Total operating costs.................... 729.13 1139.45 5.426
Fixed costs
Land rent............................. 44.08 73.58
Depreciation........................... 37.91 74.42
Licenses and insurance................. 37.59 52.38
Interest on investment................. 6.40 10.54
Total fixed costs........................ 125.98 210.92 1.004
Harvesting and marketing costs
Cutting........ ...... ................. 96.52 90.18 0.429
Grading and packing.................... 77.33 81.76 0.389
Containers............................ 15.80 16.18 0.077
Hauling....*......................... 131.23 134.91 0.642
Selling................................ 77.23 95.70 0.456
Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 398.11 418.73 1.994
Total costs................. ........... 1253.22 1769.10 8.424
Net return.............................. 590.46 -320.10 -1.524
This public document was promugated at an annual cost of $1680.00 or
$0.88 per copy to furnish the vegetable industry and allied suppliers with
current information on costs and returns of vegetable crops in Florida.
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