FLORIDA

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

STATION



Report for Financial Year
ENDING JUNE 30

1902




T. H. TALIAFERRO, Director.



DeLand, Fla.:
E. 0. PAINTER & COMPANY
1903.













BOARD OF TRUSTEES.


GEO. W. WILSON, President ...... ...... .... Jacksonville.
F. E. HARRIs, Vice-President .... .... .... ..... Ocala.
J. D. CALLA WAY, Secretary.... ..... ... .......Lake City.
C. A. CARSON, Chairman Executive Committee... Kissimmee.
J. R. PARROTT........ .... .... .... ....Jacksonville.
E. D. BEGGs.... .... .... .... ..... .... ..Pensacola.
L, HARIiSON .... .... .... ....... .... ... Lake City.

STATION STAFF.

T. H. TAL.AFERRO, C. E., Ph. D.... ...... . .. Director.
IH. E. STOCKBRIDGE. Ph. D.... .... .... ... .A enulturist.
H. K. MILLER, M. S.... .... ............ .. Chemist.
H. A. GosSADm, M. S .... .... .... .... .. .Entomologist.
H. HAROLD HUME, B. Agr., M. S. Botanist and Horticulturist.
CHAS. F. DAWSON, M.D., D. V. S.... .... .. Veterinarian.
A. W. BLAIR, M. A...... ...... ...... Assistant Chemist.
LUCIA McCuLLOCH, B. S.Asst. Biologist and Asst. Librarian.
W. P. JERNIGAN .... ..... ... .. Auditor and Bookkeeper.
CHAS. S. BROCK .... .... .... Stenographer and Librarian.
L. DE GOTTRAU ... .. Superintendent of Citrus Experiments.
JOHN F. MITCHELL.... .... ... -Foreman of Station Farm.
JOHN H. JEFFERIES ... Gardener in Horticultural Department.


















LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL..

HIoB. W. S. Jennings, Governor of Florida.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Annual
Report of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station for the
year ending June 30. 1902. I am, sir,
Very respectfully yours,
T. H. TALIAFERRO,
Director.
Lake City, Fla., July 31, 1902.










REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.



The Director, before entering upon his report, feels that it
is incumbent upon him to make the following recommenda-
tions. An experience of one year, as Director of the Experi-
ment Station and President of the College, has convinced him
that the interests of the Station and of the College would be
best served by separating the two positions. He is aware that
under the present conditions it is absolutely necessary that the
two positions be combined and given to one and the same per-
son. Therefore, he recommends that such funds be appropri-
ated by the legislature as will enable the Trustees to employ at
adequate salaries two capable men for the positions of Presi-
dent and of Director. This will not separate the Station from
the College, but will simply give it a recognized head such
as exists in any other department of the College. He also re-
commends that the funds be augmented sufficiently to retain
the services of efficient Station workers, for the Station has
suffered severely from that cause in the past and it is a poor
economy which, through lack of funds, necessitates our part-
ing with the services of a man after he has been trained in
Florida conditions, which are dissimilar to those in any other
section of the country. No matter how brilliant and well
trained a man may be, yet in order that he may become a
thoroughly efficient Station worker in Florida it is absolutely
necessary for him to study first our peculiar conditions of cli-
mate. soil. etc.
Finally, he recommends that the Governing Board ap-
point a Vice-Director from among the present Station Staff.







The Director wishes to take this opportunity to express to
the Governor of the State the deep appreciation which his
colleagues and he have of the Chief Executive's loyal support
and hearty co-operation at all times.
The Director further desires to express to the Governing
Board the pleasure it has given to his colleagues and himself
to labor under their guidance and advice, and to thank them for
their interest, good council and loyalty in helping the Station
to advance, by every means in its power, the welfare of the
State both as regards the present and the future.
Finally, the Director wishes to express his appreciation
of the cordial support accorded him by members of the Station
Staff.

CHANGES IN THE STATION STAFF.

The position of Station Librarian, as a separate position,
was abolished temporarily in July, 1901, and the duties were
divided between the Stenographer and the Assistant Biologist.
The resignation of IMiss Minnie Helvenston as Station Li-
brarian and Stenographer was accepted in February, and after
several weeks' interim, C. S. Brock, a graduate of the Depart-
ment of Stenography and Typewriting in the College, was ap-
pointed to the positions and has filled them very satisfactorily.
In accordance with the design of the appropriation made
by the legislature for the purpose, Chas. F. Dawson, M. D., D.
V. S., was appointed Veterinarian. He was for many years
in Government service and came to us with high recommenda-
tions, up to which he has fully measured. He has been handi-
capped by lack of laboratory facilities, it having been impossi-
ble to do more than to erect for him a temporary building in an
isolated position until other and more satisfactory arrange-







ments could be made. They will be made at the earliest oppor-
tunity.

BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT.

The new Science Hall, which is nearly completed at a cost
of about fifty thousand ($o50.ooo0) dollars, will be used in part
for Station work. This, with the increased facilities for work,
will greatly enhance the efficiency of the Station.
As was stated above, a small building for the Veterinarian
was erected at a cost of S25o. When the Veterinarian becomes
definitely located lie will continue to use the building as a hos-
pital stable and a dissecting room. its isolation adapting it for
that work.
PUBLICATIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE.
During the year it was found advisable to issue but three
regular bulletins. No. 58 on Pomelos, No. 59 on Cauliflower
and No. 6o on Velvet Beans. There has been a great demand
for these bulletins. Twenty-one Press Bulletins. dealing with
matters essential to the welfare of the farmers of the State,
were also issued. They were sent to the Press of Florida and
to Station Directors always, and, so far as the edition would al-
low, to other parties writing for them. The'Press of the State
is becoming more and more liberal about printing them. and the
Director anticipates that the day will soon come when it will
print all Station matter sent to it. There has been a steady and
healthy increase in the regular bulletin list without solicitation
on our part, and it is the result of the extended influence which
the Station exerts from vear to year.
There has been a decided increase in the amount of corres-
pondence as will be seen on examining the detailed reports of
the different members of the Station Staff.







MODEL FARM.
While, strictly speaking it is not a part of the Station
work. it seems expedient to state that, in accordance with the
conditions of the appropriation made by the legislature for the
purpose, the Board of Trustees has purchased, at a cost of about
five thousand ($5,000) dollars, two tracts of land which form,
with the original tract, a solid block of land conveniently lo-
cated with regard to the College. Possession of the first tract
of one hundred (too) acres was obtained at once and crops
were planted this past winter and spring. Full possession of
the second tract will not be obtained until January I, 1903,
the land being rented and, under cultivation when purchased;
the College holds the rent note and collects the rent. It will
take some time to get the farms into perfect condition, but the
work will be pushed as fast as possible.
FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

As required by the legislative appropriations made for the
purpose, Farmers' Institutes have been carried on throughout
the State. Being largely a matter of education and growth
they were more o1- less successful according to the loc.dity in
which they were held. but. in the opinion rf the Director, it
will take some time to bring them to the highest point of effi-
ciency. On the whole, however, the results were gratifying
and fully justify the appropriation. Most of the Station
workers took part in them and were successful in interesting
their hearers and in imparting valuable information. The
assistance rendered by many of the prominent Agriculturists,
Horticulturists, etc.. in the State, was productive of good re-
sults, and in this State where there are so many specialists in
the different branches of agriculture, it is eminently fitting that
they should take a prominent part in the Institutes.







FINANCIAL REPORT.

This report covers the financial year ending June 30, 1902,
and for purposes of comparison the expenditures for the year
ending June 30. 1901. are given.

FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE FLORIDA AGR1-
CULTL RAL EX-PERIMENT STATION.


For the year ending June 30. 1901-1902.
19oo-1901
Salaries.... .... ... ... ... $ 5152 59
Labor.... .... .... .... .... .. 3236 87
Publications . .. . . . . 1044 46
Postage and Stationery .... ...... 295 13
Freight and Express.... .... .... 241 42
Heat. Lights and Water .... ...... 124 17
Chemical Supplies. .. . .. .. ... 70 60
Seeds. Plants and Sundry Supplies 589 27
Fertilizers.... .... .... .... . 374 19
Feed Stuffs.... ........ .... .. 892 85
Library.... .... .... .... .... 83 40
Tools. Implements and Machinery.. 312 27
Furniture and Fixtures...... .... 57 50
Scientific Apparatus......... .... 486 72
Live Stock.... ........ ...... 879 75
Traveling Expenses........ ... 782 30
Contingent Expenses .... .... .... 45 70
Buildings and Repairs ........ .. 1014 22

Total . . . .. . .. . . $15683 41


1901-1902
$ 6263 os5
3714 68
7124 20
347 42
218 75
322 6o
37 78
489 43
304 o8
1321 69
137 93
203 25
o10 75
8 07
397 93
303 97
125 36
390 18

$15721 12







Balletins of the Florida Agrieultural Experimeat Station.

NO. AUTHOR. TITLE. DATE.


1 J. Kost .. ....... ..... General .............. .......... .. April, iLM. (Out of print).
2 I. Kost ... .......... .. General .............. .......... .. May and June, 18W..
3 ). Kost ... ............ Agriculture .......... .......... .. September, isa. (Out of print).
4 Jas. P-. DePass............ General................. ....... January 18S9.
5 Jas. 1'. lePlas ............ Analysis of Fertilizer ........... April. ISV1. (Out of print).
6 Jas. P'. DePass........... General.............. .......... .. July, 1889. (Out of print).
7 Jas. 1. DePass........... General.............. .......... .. October. 1s'9. (Out of print).
8 Jas. 'P. DeP'as,....... IGeneral .............. .......... January. i'-i. t0ut of print).
9 Jas. P. ePass........ Entomological Notes...... . April, 1. (Out o print).
10 Jas. P. DePass........... Phosphate and Superph...-phate.. July, 1890.
11 Jas. 1P. lel'ass............ General.............. ............ October, 1890.
12 Jas. P. I)ePass............ General .............. ............. January Ist, IS 1.
13 las. P. 1)l..'ass... ...... General............. .......... .. April. 1891.
14 Jas I'. I )el'ass....... ... General........................ .. Jul). 1I91 (Out of print).
15 Jas. ll'. 'a............ Tobacco and Its Cultivation ..... October lt, 1's1-l.Out oi prmt).
1i la- _' DIl'-- ............ General Farm Crop-.............J January 1st, 1892.
17 Jas 1'. IcPa-. ... .... .General......... ..............April. 1892.
18 Jas. P. lel'.............. (rasse.. Forage Plants and
Tomato Blight .............. Jull. 12. (Out of print).
19 Jas. P. Del'a; ........... Tobacco ............ ........ October. W112.
20 A. A. Persons....... ...'.Soil and Fertilizer- .. ..... ....... September. 193. (Out of print)
21 P. H. Rolls.......... .... The T.mnat.. and Some n f its
Diseases.. ......... ....- .:October. 1931. (Out of print).
22 A. A. Persons.......... Fertilizers... ............... ... November. 1893.
23 P. LH Rolfs.......... .... Insecticides, and Funicide ..... December. 13 (Out of print).
24 0. Clue ............ ..... Annual Report........ ........... January. 194.
25 A. W. Bitting.. .... Leeches and Leeching.......... ptcinlcr. 1C4.
21 A. W Ititting............ i Rig [lead............. ......... .tc lber. 1.1 4.
27 I.. \ Vashibourne........ Pineapple-........... .............. member. 1L
2 -\ \\ Irting............ Liver Fluke-Southern Cattle
Fe'er...... ............. December. I.M4.
2i* 1'. H. R..If ............ .. The San Jose Scale-- ........... August, 1S91.
30 F. B. Mthdic.......... .. The Culture of Tobacco ...... Nvvenber. 1895,
31 P. H. Rolfs............ .. Some Market Vegetables..... UDecember. 1S93. (Out of print).
32 A. A. Person,............. Cotton and its Cultivation........ January. Il.6.
33 M. S. Moreman ......... D)range Groves-...........-.... February. 1Us.
34 A. I.. )uaintance........ Insect Remrdies ....... ......... March, 1896.
.' I). Clute............ ..... Cassava. ........ ................* April. 18. (Out of print).
36 A. I.. Quaintance......... Insects Injurious t, (.rain...... October. 1896.
37 0. Clute. W. A. Marsh... Pineapple .. ... .... ....... .-uNovembter. 1896.
38 F. It. Moodie............ Tobacco in Florida..............- january. 1897.
.39 S. Powers................ Strawberries.......... .......... July 117.
40 A. L. Quaintance......... The Fall Army Wormn.......... July 1i7.
41 P. II. Rolfs.......... .The San Jose Scale ... ......... August, 1S97.
48 A. L. Quaintance......... Some Strawberry Inects........ \::gust. 7.
43 A. A. Persons............ A Chemical Study of Sume Typ-
ical Florida Soils.......... September. 1897.
44 H. E. Stockbridge....... Cane. Syrup. Sugar ......... .... January. 189S. (Ort of print).
45 A. L. Quaintance......... Injurious Insects.......... ... .... March. 1M89.
+4 A- I.. Quaintance........ The Strawberry Thrips and th-
Onion Thrips.............. July. 1898.
417 P. 11. Rolfs...... ...... Diseases of the Tomato.......... September. 189S. (Out of print).
48 A. L. Quaintance......... Insect Enemies of the Tobacco
in Florida.............. ...... October, 1898.
49 H. E. Stockbridge....... Cassava as a Money Crop........ March. 1899.
50 P. H. Rolls............ .. Pineapple Fertilizer ,............. .May. 1S9.
51 H. A. Gossard .... ..... Some Common Florida Scales... January. 1900.
52 H. K. Miller.......... ..I making Powders.......... ....... February. 1900.
57' H. Harold Hume......... Some Citrus Troubles........ ...'M. arch. 1900.
54 1 Harold Ifume......... Pecan Culture............ ....... ;August, 1900.
55 IH. E. Stockbridge....... Feeding with Florida Feed.....
Stuffs ...................... September. 1900.
56ii H. A. Gossard ............ The Cottony Cushion Scale. ..... :May, 1901.
7 11. llard lume........ Top-working of Pecans............ June. 1901.
38 H. Harold Hume......... Pomelos.......... ............... Julv, 1901.
59 H. Harold Ilume......... Cauliflower............ .......... October, 1901.
60 H. K. M iller......... ... V\-vet Beans......... ..... ... '- v f







PRESS BULLETINS.

No. L H. Harold Hume ........ Directions fur Preparation of I
Bordeaux Mixture ........... February 1, 01.
No. 2 H. K. Miller ............ -Lime and its Relation to A.gri-
culture .................... March 1, 1901
No. 3. H. Harold Hume .........Seed Testing.................... April 1, 1901.
No. 4. H. A. Gossard ........ The White Fly........ .......... .. May 1, 1901,
No. 5. H. K. Miller .......... Basic Slag .......... ........ ...... July 1, 1901.
No. &. H. A. Gossard.......... Nursery Inspection (part 1)....... ;August 15, 190L
No. 7. H. A. Gossard .......... Nursery Inspection (part 2)....... September 1, 1901.
No. & J. F. Mitchell.......... Care of Irish Potatoes Harvested
in the Spring and lHeld fEr
Fall Planting ... ........ September 15, 190L
No. 9. Chas. F. Dawson... ..- .. re Headl .... .. ..... ... Octoberr 1, 1901.
No. 10. 11. Harold Hume-....... Plants Affected by Root Knot .... October 11. 1901.
No. 11. A. W. Blair.......... ... Vinegar.. ....... .......... .... November 1, 1901.
No. 12 John H. Jefferies.... ... Seed Beds and Their .Managementi November 15. 1901.
No. 13. H. A. Gossard..... ...T... treatment for San Jose Scale. ..-- December L IS01
No. 14. H. E. Stockbridge.... ...Beef from Velvet Beans and I
Cassava.......... ... ..... December 15. 190L
Nos. 15 and 16. Chas. F. Dawson Some Poultry Pests........ ... January 1st. & 15th. 1901.
No. 17. A. W. Blair........ ..... Preservatives in Canned Gouds.... February 1, 1903.
No. 18. I. Harold Hume........ Cantaloupe Blight........ ....... February 15, 1902.
No. 19. H. A. Gossard........... Cut Worms ........ ............ March 1. 1902.
No. 20. Chas. F. Dawson........ H<.g Cholera and Swimu Plague.... March 15. 1902.
No. 21. Chas. F. Dawson........ Parturient Paralysis................ April 15. 190.
No. 22. H. K. Miller........ ..... nitrogenn as a Fertilizer......... 'April 15, 1902.
No. 23. H. E. Stockbridge...... Protection Against Drought....... Slay 1. 1902.
No.%4. H. A. Gossard........... Orange Mites .............. .... May 10. 190.
No. 25. Chas. F. Dawson....... Roup............ ................ .... June 1, 1902.
No. 26. Chas. F. Dawson.... ... Lumpy Jaw........ ...... ...... ... June 15. 1902s







REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST.

DR. T. H. TALIAFERRO, Director.
SIR-I hereby submit my report for the year ending June
30. 1902. I confine myself to a mere summary of the work
done in my department, leaving details for publication in other
form.
THE FAR.M.-The location and division of the land as-
signed to my department was materially changed at the begin-
ning of the present year. The part of the farm, beginning with
the farm buildings and extending on the highway on the east-
ern boundary, was transferred to the Horticultural Depart-
ment. This is the portion of the farm heretofore used as rota-
tion hog pastures and for small field crops. A portion has now
been planted in orchards.
About five acres of the fields heretofore containing the
orchards of the Horticultural Department was transferred to
my department, and has been cultivated to corn, watermelons,
cantaloupes, and sorghum. This land will be of little value till
under-drained.
The lease of land for Station purposes, recorded in my last
report, was discontinued the present year. The area of land
under my charge was increased by the purchase of one hundred
acres about one mile east of the present farm property. This
land was purchased from the appropriation made by the last
legislature for a "model farm." It has been worked by Station
forces, the crops consisting of about fifty acres in corn, velvet
beans, oats, and peas.
THE EQUIPMENT.-The equipment of the farm remains
essentially as last year. The working force has been increased
by the purchase of one mule. To the implements a fertilizer
distributer has been added.







I have heretofore recommended and urged the purchase of a
corn shredder; I still consider the same as indispensable,
both from experimental and practical considerations, to eco-
nomical farm management. I also believe a disc plow to be
much needed for the same reasons.
LIVE STOCK.-The live stock of the farm has not materi-
ally changed during the year, except by natural increase. The
number of full-blood and three-fourths Jersey yearlings has
increased. The dairy herd has, in my opinion, now about
reached the limit of economical size for the present area of cul-
tivated land in the farm. I again urge the desirability of im-
mediately starting a herd of one of the approved beef breeds,
by the purchase of a few typical blooded animals, and increas-
ing the herd by crossing on natives in the manner the dairy
herd was established. The experimental data which would
thus become available would be of incalculable value to an
industry already reaching important dimensions, and which,
I am confident, is destined to become the leading agricultural
industry over a large part of the State.
STEER FEEDING.-The experiments in steer feeding begun
three years ago were continued the past year in two series;
first, the feeding of four steers in the autumn, soiling crops,
chiefly velvet bean forage. being the food stuffs used. These
animals consisted of a pair of grade oxen and a pair of natives
finished off in season for the State Fair, November 19th, where
they were taken as a demonstration of the possibilities of the
native animal fed on native feeds, and a comparison with grade
animals under identical conditions. The results of this trial
have been published in Press Bulletin No. 14. Briefly the test
shows the following results:
Gain Per cent. Profit Per cent.
per day. gain. per steer. profit.
Native ....... .2 -6 lbs. 17.6 $7-31 32.
Grade. ......3 1-2 lbs. 18. 7.61 15.6







The grade steer cost more at the beginning, and because
of his much larger frame was not so nearly finished at the close
of the sixty day period. The lower percentage profit of the
grade steer resulted from the higher original cost. Both were
sold at the same price on the local market.
The second series consisted of eight native steers. Com-
parisons were made between velvet beans. cassava and cassava
pulp* as the chief ingredient of fattening rations.
Lot I, fed on velvet bean ration, contained but two steers.
Lot II and III, fed respectively on cassava and cassava
pulp rations, contained three steers each.
The method of feeding was to supply each lot with all of
each article of its ration which it could be made to consume,
except of cotton seed meal which was used in quantity to pro-
duce as nearly as possible a balanced ration in combination with
the amounts of the other ingredients consumed.
Pea-vine hay was used as a roughage, but of course mate-
rially diminished the amount of proteins required fiom other
sources. Each lot was allowed all it could consume in connec-
tion with its other feed.
In addition to this hay te average daily ration was as fol-
lows:
Lot I. Velvet beans in pod. 3 bushels.
Lot II. Cassava 30 pounds, cotton seed meal 5 pounds.
Lot III. Cassava pulp 18 pounds, cotton seed meal 5
pounds.
The feeding period on full rations consisted of sixty days,
January 31st, to March 31st, inclusive.
The last feeding was sixteen hours previous to slaughter.
The interval is at least one-third less than is common in

*Refuse from" a starch factory.







slaughter yards. and it should be considered in making compari-
sons of per cents. ,f dressed weights.
The results are presented in tabular form.
Per cent.
Live weight t Live wvigh: Per cent. dressed
Lot. Beginning. at end. Gain. gain. weighlit.
I ..... .. . 980 lbs. iloolbs. 120 lbs. 10.9 49.14
II . .. . 1661bs. 19401obs. 324 lbs. 17.8 51.92
111 . . . .. 1642 lbs. 1946 lbs. 304 lbs. 15.6 51.02

Two facts of considerable practical importance were dem-
onstrated, so far as a single trial is capable of establishing facts.
FIRST. Velvet beans alone with roughage are inferior to
a ration in which cassava is the predominating ingredient. In
this connection it is well to note that the general appearance of
lot I. was deceptive, the oily character of the bean, or some
other property. giving a glossy appearance to the coat and im-
parting a general smoothness of exterior indicative of better
condition than actual weights justified. The conclusion seems
to be warranted,. therefore, that the addition of cassava to the
ration of steers ranging on velvet bean pasture in the winter,
would be a material advantage.
SECOND. The refuse pull from the starch factories is a
valuable feed stuff closely approximating the results obtained
from cassava root. The price at which the pulp has been
offered, however. S6.oo per ton. renders it a less economical
feed than the root at the same price. If the root is already on
the farm. and the pulp must be transported considerable dis-
tances, the latter must be cheapened before it can profitably be
substituted for the root. The pulp has heretofore contained ap-
proximately 59 per cent. of water, and the root 66 per cent.
Further drying of the root would probably be an effective
method for bringing the two materials more nearly to a posi-
tion for economical substitution.






The plant food trials on permanent plots, inaugurated
by me five years ago, have been continued during the past
year. the object being to study the fertilizer requirements of all
staple crops, by the use of regularly varying proportions of
plant-foodl constituents from various commercial sources.
As already reported by me, and as officially urged by the
Offce of Experiment Stations of the U. S. Dept. of Agricul-
ture, the Station possesses no land suited to this important line
of investigation, because of the extreme variation in the char-
acter and composition of the soil of the farm. Reference to
the tabulated results on duplicate plots, in my last annual re-
port. abundantly demonstrates this fact. even as applied to plots
in close proximity to each other. Different parts of the same
small plots show like variations. Constant repetition, there-
fore. is essential to the establishment of single facts along this
line. Much time is, therefore, wasted, and even the results
finally presented are far less trustworthy than if the trials were
conducted on land adapted to such work. because of evenness
of character.
New crops which offer promise of value, are constantly
being tested by the Station. One tried this year for the first
time, gives indications of possessing properties rendering it
worthy of special attention. I refer to the Japanese sugar
cane. This is a true cane, though possessing much of the ap-
pearance of the better kinds of sorghum. It is propagated
from the eyes, yields a heavy tonage, and large quantities of
goxl syrup. Its special recommendation, borne out by our
experience this year, is that it is adapted to, and produces well
on the higher and drier pine lands where common sugar canes
do not thrive.
Respectfully submitted.
H. E. STOCKBRIDGE.







REPORT OF THE CHEMIST.

DR. T. H. TALIAFERRO, Director.
SIR: A brief summary of the work of the Chemical De-
partment during the year ending June 30, 19o2,is herewith sub-
mitted. The following are the chief lines of work which have
engaged our attention during this period. A study of some of
the more important feeding materials which are grown in the
State: fertilizer experiments with the pineapple plant; a chem-
ical study of the pineapple, including analyses of different vari-
eties: analyses of the different pineapple soils and sub-soils of
Florida: determinations of the fertilizing constituents, together
with the sugar and acid content of different varieties of citrus
fruits: and miscellaneous analyses.
Two valuable feeding plants have thus far received consid-
eration. the velvet bean and the Florida beggar-weed. The
work on the velvet bean has been completed, after having been
in progress for more than two years. Feeding experiments
were conducted both with the green vine and cured hay and the
nutritive ratio of each determined. Analyses were made of the
vine cut at different stages of growth to determine the best
time to harvest for hay. Besides the feeding value of the dif-
ferent portions of the plant, the fertilizer constituents were
determined in order to ascertain the fertilizing value of the
stubble and of a crop when turned under. The results of this
work constitute the subject matter of bulletin 6o. which was
published by this department in January.
As yet, little has been done with the beggar-weed, though
plots have been planted and some material has been collected
for analysis. An effort will be made to have results for publi-
cation during the coming year.
In order to carry out the work on the pineapple plant,
inaugurated in 1901. about an acre of land has been cleared






and planted. This has been divided into ninety-six plots,
each plot containing one hundred plants. About ninety differ-
ent fertilizing combinations are represented in this work. All
the fertilizers used in this experiment are analyzed and the
mixtures are made up and weighed at the Station. The plots
have been under treatment for a year and are expected to come
into bearing in June, 1903. While the plots show marked dif-
ferences as a result of the kind and quantity Af fertilizer em-
ployed, it will not be well to draw any conclusions until after
the first crop has been gathered. We are under many obliga-
tions to the Hardee Bros.. who have placed the land and plants
at our disposal. They provide the necessary labor and give us
the benefit of their long and successful experience in pineapple
culture. In this work we have had the hearty co-operation of
the Horticultural Department.
A number of analyses have been made of the pineapple
plant and fruit, while at present analyses are being made of the
different varieties grown in the State.- Twenty-four samples of
soil, with the sub-soil of each, have been collected from the dif-
ferent pineapple sections of the State. Chemical analyses are
being made of these, fourteen of which have been completed.
The result of this work will be published during 19o3.
At the request of the Horticulturist, analyses have been
completed on seven different varieties of oranges of the man-
darin group, which include the determination of the fertiliz-
ing constituents of the rind, pulp and seeds, as well as the rela-
tive proportion of these, together with the sugars and total acid
in the juice.
In addition to what has been enumerated, a number of
miscellaneous analyses have been made, including samples for
the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, fertilizers,
foods, clays, drinking waters, etc. An analysis which may be of






interest is that of the Avacado pear. Its composition shows
that it may become a valuable source from which a substitute
for olive oil may be obtained. It is our purpose to make a study
of oil from this source in the near future. The edible portion of
the pear has the following composition:
W ater.... .... .... .... .... .... .... 72.77 per cent.
Protein.... .... .... .... .. .... .... 2.18 per cent.
Fats.... .... .... .... .... .... .... 17.26 per cent
Fiber.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... 1.87 per cent.
Nitrogen free extract .... .... .... .... .. 4.47 per cent.
Ash.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 1.45 per cent.
It has been necessary to refuse many requests of citizens
for analyses of miscellaneous samples on account of the very
limited time for analytical work. At any rate, work of this
character should not be expected of the Station.
The additional college duties which have followed the en-
larging of the course of instruction in Chemistry, prompts me
to urgently advise the appointment of an additional assistant
whose entire time may be devoted to analytical work for the
Station. There are many lines of Chemical work which might
be profitably taken up and should receive attention but these
must be neglected at present for lack of laboratory force.
Below is a list of the analyses which have been completed
during the year:
Pineapples. .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... 3
Pineapple plants.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 3
Clays .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... ..... .... 2
Nitrate soda.... .... .... ........ .... .... .... 2
A. 0. A. C. Samples.... .... .... .... .... .... .... iI
Phosphates.... .... .... ........ ........ ...... 3
Soils .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... 15






Sub-soils .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... 15
Blood .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ...... I
W after .... .... .... .... .... .. .... .... .... 5
M ilk.... .... .... .... ..... .. .. .. .... .... ... I
Palmetto Fiber .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... I
Tobacco Stems .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... I
Dried Blood.... .... .... .... .... ... ..... ..... I
Bone .... .... .... .... ........ .... .... .... .
Cotton Seed Meal.... .... .... .... .... ... .... .. 2
Castor Pomace.... .... .... .... .... .... ... .. I
Potassium Sulphate.... .... .... .... .... .... .... 2
Potassium Chloride...... ........ ....... ...... ... I
Kainit.... ... .... .... .. .. .... ..... ..... ......
Acid Phosphate.... .... ..... ... .... .... .... .... 2
Avacado Pear.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... I
Rangpur Limes .... .... .... .... .... ... ....... 2
Oranges.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 9
Cane.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... ..... 2
Fertilizer.... .... .... .... .... .... .. .... .... I
Cassava.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... I
Respectfully submitted,
H. K. MHzIER.







REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST.
DR. T. H. TALIAFERRO, Director.
SIR: Herewith I submit a brief review of the work ac-
complished by the Department of Entomology from July I,
1901, to July 1, 1902, with recommendations for increasing
the value of the work from a practical standpoint.
The volume of entomological correspondence has been
greater than in any preceding year. and the demands made
upon me for work in the field have exceeded the possibility of
meeting them. More office help. especially in connection with
the entomological collection, is urgently requested, for in no
other direction can work be more profitably expended at pres-
ent than upon this.
Investigations have proceeded in a number of different di-
rections in connection with the work commenced soon after I
came to Florida, and part of the results are now nearing com-
pletion and can soon be given to the public in printed form.
Some successful and paying fumigation of citrus trees not
over fifteen feet high, for white fly, has been performed and ex-
periments to fix safe limits for the treatment of nursery stock,
especially citrus, have been instituted. Not only gas treat-
ment but immersion in different decoctions and insecticides is
being tested.
A bulletin upon treatment of San Jose scale and the White
Peach scale will appear very soon after the opening of the new
fiscal year. Much is hoped from the introduction of the Chi-
nese lady-bug which is now being propagated for distribution
by the Government Division of Entomology at Washington.
Additional data has been collected regarding the life his-
tory of white fly, and it is hoped that enough information is
now possessed to make the location of its native home possible
in the near future.






The pecan bud worm has furnished another important
subject of investigation. Its life history and habits are becom-
ing minutely known, and it is believed that treatment similar
to that given to the apple worm of the North will give satisfac-
tory results. It will require another season's observations and
experiments to render our information complete.
For rendering most effective the work in entomology, the
time has come when three or four acres set apart for experi-
mental orchards and gardens, expressly designed for the Ento-
mologist's use, is a necessity. Trees and plants for experiment-
al purposes must be at the disposal of the Entomologist and
they must sometimes be killed, else the boundary lines between
safety and danger in the application of caustic insecticides can
.never be fixed. Again it is sometimes desirable to propagate for
a time a menacing insect that should not be introduced into the
orchards and gardens grown by the Horticulturist for other
purposes. Such a plantation located so as to endanger as little
as possible the work of the Horticulturist and the Agriculturist,
with provision for the necessary labor to maintain it, is ur-
gently recommended. Attention is called to the fact that in those
institutions in which the Departments of Entomology have
become of great importance, as at Rutger's College and at Cor-
nell University, such orchards are regarded as necessities and
are established as matters of course.
We have but little equipment in the way of insecticidal
machinery, and important additions are needed. Miniature
models of fumigating tents and boxes, exhibition cases of in-
sectides in vials, also of insects affecting important crops such
as cotton, tobacco, orange. peach, etc., for illustrative use at
Farmers' Institutes and similar gatherings can be prepared at
small expense and will be put in order at an early date.
Respectfully submitted,
H. A. GOSSARD.








REPORT OF THE BOTANIST AND HORTICUL-
TURIRIST.

DR. T. H. TALIAFERRO, Director.
SIR: The report of the work done by the Department of
Botany and Horticulture from June 30, 190i, to June 30. 1902,
is submitted herewith.
The routine work of the Department has increased greatly.
The number of letters of inquiry received has been n'.ily
double that of the preceding fiscal year. To answer these has
taken a very considerable amount of time and in many c:ises a
goodly amount of investigation.
PUBLICATIONs.-During the year the experimental work
on cauliflower was finished and the result were published in
Bulletin No. 59. Many other lines of investig-atio:n have been
carried on and have now been completed. The results of these
should be published during the ensuing year.
Four press bulletins have been issued. No. lo. Plants
Affected by Root Knot; No. 12. Seed Beds and Their Manage-
ment by John H. Jefferies. Gardener Horticultural Depart-
ment: No. 18 Cantaloupe Blight, and No. 27. Cover Crops.
CITRUS WORK.-The citrus trees at Boca Ratone have
made a satisfactory growth. Some fruit set but was re-
moved in order that it might not interfere with wood develop-
ment. Next year different fertilizers will be applied and their
effects on the tree and fruit studie-1.
Considerable loss has occurred in the State because of the
careless handling of our citrus fruits. A study L-f the methods
of picking, packing and handling the fruit has been made. A
portion of the result has been prepared for publication, and in-
vestigations for the ensuing year completely covering this im-
portant matter have been outlined.





24

The Mandarin Orange group and the Kumquats have re-
ceived particular attention, and material has been prepared for
publication.
During the coming year the outline work for the citrus
industry embraces a study of the methods of cultivation, cover
crops, stocks, and some one of the citrus groups not yet cov-
ered.
PINEAPPLE INVESTIGATIONS.-In the winter of 19oo-oi
a complete outline of work was made covering all the points
connected with the growing of this important fruit in the State.
The co-operation of the Bureau of Soils, U. S. Dept. Agr. was
secured through Dr. A. C. True, Director of Experiment Sta-
tions, in the making of physical analyses of the pineapple soils
of Florida. The chemical work is under control of Prof. Mil-
ler. the Station Chemist. Fertilizer experiments as noted in
the report of the Chemist are being carried on and results from
these may be confidently expected next summer at which time
the first crop of fruit should be produced. It is recommended
that this set of publications be issued as the pineapple series of
which four or five parts are now nearly ready for the press.
It is intended by all those interested in the work that it shall be
prosecuted vigorously during the year 1902-03.
PEACHES.-A considerable amount of work has been out-
lined on peach growing and a thorough study has been made
of the Peen-to peach group. The varieties at present growing
in the State are still capable of improvement, and it is hoped
that this may be accomplished by cross fertilization.
STATION ORCHARD.-During the winter the old orchard
was cut down and the ground turned over to the Agricultural
Department. Work has been commenced on a new piece
of ground and the following trees have been set out: 108
peaches. 15 figs. 84 persimmons. 98 plums. 6 Japan Walnuts,
75 oranges, 25 kumquats and 12 M~iscadine grapes. These
f7







plantings should be added to during the coming year. This
orchard is not intended for variety tests but will be devoted
largely to the study of cultural methods, fertilizer problems
and hybridization work.
VEGETABLE \VORK.-In this field there is an enormous
amount of work still to be accomplished. Investigations of the
year have been confined to the cantaloupe, cabbage and celery
crops. The work with tomatoes is noted later on.
PLANT DISEASEs.-The diseases of celery, cucumbers and
tomatoes have received attention. It is very important that
experimental work looking to the control of the fungous dis-
eases affecting the first two named crops should be carried on in
the localities where they are largely grown. A preliminary
investigation of the disease affecting the celery crop revealed
the fact that the crop is subject in this State to the attacks of
Ccrcospora Apii. Scptoria petroslini var. apii and Sclerotinia
libertiana and in addition to these there are one or two troubles
of physiological nature which demand an investigation. The
cucumber crop is affected by Plasmopara cubensis and Colleto-
trichumin lagcnarium.
After the investigation of the past two years the conclu-
sion was reached that the only salvation for the tomato industry
in certain districts in the State must come through some vari-
ety which would resist the attacks of the dreaded bacterial
blight, caused by Bacillus solanacearunm. In the summers of
1900oo and 1901 a large number of varieties of tomatoes were
grown on the Station grounds. Of all these varieties the one
which resisted the blight to the greatest extent was an unknown
variety of the plum type, the seed of which was obtained from
Dr. Appell, the College Surgeon. This variety was cross with
the Stone and Ignotum last season. From these crosses up-
wards of one thousand plants were secured. These showed






well marked intermediate characteristics between the parents
and a large number of them have proved very resistant to the
attacks of blight. They continued to grow, flower and fruit
from early in March until the end of July, while other varieties
were cut off within a very few weeks.
During the year a large number of additional crosses have
been secured with the object in view of increasing the size of
the fruit and at the same time retain the bli-ht resisting prop-
erties. In a case of this kind it does not do to be too sanguine,
but the belief is here expressed that before long a good blight
resistant variety will be secured.
BOTANY.-A study of the Arborescent Flora of Columbia
county has been made by Miss McCulloch, and a large number
of specimens have been collected and prepared for distribution.
Respectfully submitted,
H. HAROLD HUME,
Botanist and Horticulturist.








FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE STATION VETE-
RINARIAN.

DR. T. H. TALIAFERRO, Director.
SmI: The first annual report of the work of the Depart-
ment of Veterinary Science, covering the period from Sept. I,
1900oo, to June 30o, 90oi, is herewith submitted.
The legislative appropriation for the establishment of a
Department of Veterinary Science was made for the purpose of
investigating and controlling by scientific methods the out-
break and spread of the infectious and contagious diseases of
the domestic animals. Such work is always necessarily slow of
accomplishment, and sufficient time has has not elapsed, nor
have those opportunities which come only as time passes, pre-
sented themselves, to make the Department's influence felt by
the masses of our people. It is well, however, that the State
look to her interests in this direction in advance, as the indica-
tions are that Florida will become one of the great cattle-rais-
ing states, and it is necessary that her citizens know now that
there are certain conditions which must be observed when cattle
are brought into Florida from other states. Even in its short
existence of one year, the Department has had to deal with
several outbreaks of Texas fever in cattle which were brought
into Florida under improper conditions. When our citizens
generally learn that they may obtain advice upon the subject
from this Department it is probable that those mistakes will not
be made.
A serious outbreak of Texas fever occurred at Kissimmee
in some improved cattle which were shipped from Chicago for
breeding purposes. Of the twenty-seven head one-half died.
The outbreak came under the notice of this Department, and the
citizens of the town were much relieved when told that the dis-







ease was not contagious for man. A comprehensive article
upon Texas fever was prepared for the press at the time and ap-
peared in the "Times-Union and Citizen," Dec. 16, 1901.
An outbreak of anthrax, the most important, possibly, of
the animal diseases, because of its fatality to man and all farm
animals as well. occurred near Tallahassee. Although nearly
a hundred cattle were affected at one time, only three head died,
and the disease did not spread, owing to the prompt adoption of
sanitary measures.
The Department responded to a call from Brooksville, to
investigate a cattle disease. The trouble proved to be vermin-
ous bronchitis and pneumonia, a formidable disease to cope
with. in as much as it is difficult to dislodge the worm from the
lungs and also next to impossible to treat large tracts of pas-
ture land with sufficient thoroughness to free them of the para-
sites.
A serious outbreak of progressive anemia occurred in
some thorough-bred cattle near DeFuniak Springs. The herd
is now being treated with good results by the administration of
a ferruginous tonic. Scores of animals have been treated by
the Department for minor ailments. Five cases of parturient
apoplexy or milk fever in cattle were treated with complete
success.
The correspondence and contact of the Department with
the people is steadily enlarging, and this indicates an increas-
ing interest on the part of the public in proportion as it be-
comes aware that veterinary advice may be obtained.
Farmers' Institutes were attended at Sumterville, Brooks-
ville, Bartow, DeFuniak Springs and Monticello. Much inter-
est was evinced in the subject discussed by this Department,
"The Minor Ailments of Farm Animals."
Eight press bulletins upon animal diseases noted as ex-
isting in Florida have been issued under the following heads:





29
"Sore Head" in poultry; "Some Poultry Pests;" "Hog Chol-
era and Swine Plague;" "Parturient Paralysis;" "Roup;"
"Lumpy Jaw;" "Moon Blindness;" "Texas Fever." In addi-
tion, three articles were prepared for the veterinary journals
as follows: "Traumatic Pericarditis and Pleuritis," with re-
port upon a case; "A Case of Induced Texas Fever;" "The
Treatment of Malignant Oedema by Carbolic Acid Injections."
Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES F. DAWSON,
Station Veterinarian.