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THE JEWISH UNITY Vol. 8, No. 1. 15c Each Copy September 15, 1933 [Happy New Year9 May the Jewish spirit of loyalty to God so envelop the Jews of this city and of all cities that there be a real JEWISH UNITY here from now on through the year and throughout all the years to come. May this be a year of health, of happiness, of success. May it be a year of noble achievement in every line of human endeavor. May it be a year of peace throughout the Avorld. May it be a year of good will among all the children of men. THE JEWISH UNITY Ellard G. Kohn, Publisher. IN THIS ISSUE WHAT KIND OF A JEW ARE YOU? (Editorial NAZIDOM IN THE UNITED STATES By Klaus Meyer SHALL WE ENCOURAGE SEPARATE YOUTH SERVICES? By Dr. Harry I. Comins THE CHURCHES AND CRIME By Everett R. Clinchy A REVIEW OF LIBERAL JUDAISM By Victor Emanuel Reichert HITLER'S DAY BY DAY RECORD OF PERSECUTIONS By Joel Berne ANTI-SEMITISM AND HOW TO MEET IT By Rabbi Morris Lichtenstein FLORIDA'S LEADING JEWISHI PUBLICATION 9 r, A MONG the greatest achievements of the Jew- ish people has been the preservation of their habits, customs, religion and literature through all ages, among many nations an achieve- ment unparalleled by any other people in his- tory. They have made a substantial contribu- tion toward the progress of our modern civil- ization. It is our privilege to say- LE SHONO TOVO TICOSEVU! POWER1` AR , 1933 5394 FR AY THE sound of BARCLAY H. the shofar be a response to WARBURTON President our prayers and the days of the New Year unfold for you and yours the best the JOSEPH E. days can give. WIDENER Chairman of the Board Zhe Miami Jorkl lub At 'ialeal pjark 45 DAYS OF HORSE RACING January 25th Thru March 17th, 1934 PUBLISHED ONCE ELLARD G. KOHN PUBLISHER EACH MONTHE JEWISH UNITY ELLAPUBLIOHN EXECUTIVE OFFICE "Florida's Leading Jewish Publication" Entered as second class matter 701 Professional Bldg. Founded 1927 October 16, 1931, at the post office at Miami, Florida, under the act Phone 23522 Subscription Rates, $1.50 Per Year, in Advance of March 3, 1879. Volume 8 Miami, Florida, September 15, 1933 Number 1 What Kind of a Jew Are You? (Editorial) IN THE six years that the Jewish Unity has been published one fact stands out. If the Jewish Unity were to depend upon Jewish people alone for its financial support, there would be no Jewish Unity. Witness the lack of greetings from Jewish people on this, the Jewish New Year, in these columns. Each year the representatives of the Jewish Unity suffer the embarrassment of having their at- tention called to the lack of advertisements from Jewish owned business firms. If the Jews, themselves, do not respect their own holiday customs and support their own publication, how can their Non-Jewish friends be expected to have confidence in this magazine? The Jewish Unity, since 1927, has devoted its every interest in defense of Jewish rights. It has reflected credit on the Jewish community by its dignified stand in Civic, Political and Religious mat- ters. EWISH pride is not merely a matter of defending the good Jewish name in social intercourse. It goes deeper. It necessitates a respectful attitude toward everything bearing the name, Jewish. It demands dignified carriage in business. It means that every Jew must always bear in mind that his actions are a gauge by which his bretheren are judged and weighed in the balance. You merchants must realize that there is not one exception among you. Your advertising should appear consistently in the columns of the Jewish Unity. You Jewish people should expect to see the ad- vertisements of these merchants in your magazine, and you should patronize those merchants who think enough of your business to make a special ef- fort to reach you. Subscriptions to the Jewish Unity are so low in cost that there is not one family in Florida which cannot afford to receive this magazine. THERE are Jews to whom Judaism means a great deal. There are Jews to whom Judaism means nothing. In the eyes of the world both are re- garded alike. THEY ARE JEWS That is why, regardless of the religious inclina- tion of the individual, he must always bear in mind his forbears and his fellow Jews of today and con- duct himself in accordance. The above is a presentation of facts, gleaned from years of experience. It is NOT an appeal for Charity. Every thought and action of the Jewish Unity is in your behalf, to your interests, your wel- fare. The Jewish Unity is justified in awaking you to the realization that only through this medium will Florida Jewry ever present a united front to their contemporaries. The JEWISH UNITY September 15, 1933 Nazidom in the United States By KLAUS MEYER IN 1929 the National Socialist Party Attained such proportions in Germany as to command the attention of the world. A year later, when its forces were sufficiently strengthened within Ger- many itself, its leadership decided to ex- pand the activities of the organization and to found Nazi colls in other lands. At this point there were founded in the United States the nucloi for the present Nazi organization which functions in many cities throughout the country. The National Socialist theory did not fall on virgin soil. For many years there had been ardent adherents of the Hitler code, who made it their business to dis- seminate the Nazi theories to the ex- tent possible. Even at this date these persons were in active contact with the Fichto Bund, the official center for dis- tribution of Nazi literature and infor- mation to foreign countries whose head- quarters are located in Germany. Or- ders were directly conveyed to the American sympathizers from Nazi head- quarters in Germany, and were carried out to the letter. At this period, the leader of the Amer- ican faction was a mechanic, George Stolzenfels. The latter's efforts, how- ever, to establish Nazi centers through- out the country, failed of realization. Finding this unsatisfactory, central Nazi headquarters in Germany turned over the directorship of the American activi- ties to Paul Manger. Mr. Manger un- dertook not only to form parallel units of the German Nazi organization of the United States, but to organize storm troops as well. Propaganda material was forwarded from Germany and distri- buted in the local centers. Provided with but meager funds, the activities of the organization were limited and its propaganda sparce. For four years Nazi affairs in the United States were conducted under Manger's leadership and with no very wide results. Hilter's ascension to power on January 30th, 1933, completely changed the situation in the United States. A new impetus was given the organization. Large funds, new forces, greater propaganda material and a new regimen were intro- duced almost immediately. Dissensions within the party were promptly dissolved and an active organization with an iron discipline replaced the rather slip-shod This article is made available to our readers through the courtesy of the American Jewish Congress.-The Editor. body which had preceded Hilter's rise to the Chancellorship. LATE in March orders from the Ger- man government called for the disso- lution of this official branch of the Na- tional Socialist Party of Germany. The leaders were recalled, including Paul Manager, who now, incidently, occupies a fairly prominent position in the Ger- man Nazi organization. The official dissolution of the Nazi organization, however, only served as a pretext. It did not mean the end of Nazi activities in the United States with the sanction and the subvention of the German au- thorities. A new organization was im- mediately set up upon orders from abroad, carrying the name of the "League of the Friends of New Ger- many," the leadership entrusted to Paul Paulson. The Aryanization tactics were inaugurated. Members were recruited not only from the German colony but from "pure" Americans. Active mem- bership, however, was limited to Ger- mans while the Americans were re- stricted to contributing membership status. Officially the organization had no status as far as the Nationalist So- cialist Party was concerned. Actually not a single stop is undertaken without the knowledge and approval of National Socialist headquarters in Germany, while the leaders of the American group are subjected to the strictest Nazi party dis- cipline. After the initial steps in setting up the organization had been carried through by Paulson, the active propa- ganda work was entrusted to Erich Wiegand who had been well schooled in Nazi methods in Germany. One of Weigand's first steps was to attempt to secure a daily propaganda organ in German. Unwilling to finance the set up of a new paper, Weigand approach- ed the New York Staatsezeiting with the plan of converting it into a Nazi organ. The editor of that paper ex- plained, however, that the Staatszeitung could not officially become a Nazi or- gan as it would lose all of its Jewish advertising on which the finances were largely dependent. In this connection it might be noted the Staatszeitung publishers, Bernard and Victor Ridder, have since committed themselves and the paper to definite pro-Hilter sym- pathies. TO DATE, Weigand has not been able to publish a daily organ. Failing this, however, local Nazis were able to es- tablish a series of weekly publications financed by Germans of means. Lead- ing in this undertaking is Eugene Heiss. The first weekly published is America's Deutsche Post. The paper's policy is dedicated to unleashing propaganda to counteract the impression made upon in- telligent public opinion by the policy of oppression pursued by the Hitler gov- ernment against the Jews. America's Deutsche Post is actively engaged in fostering a boycott movement against Americans firms in retaliation, as it ex- plains, for the boycott movement initi- ated against German products by the Jews as a protest against the discrim- ination of their co-religionists in Ger- many. This publication has been sup- plemented with an English edition called the American Observer, whose efforts are directed at securing American con- verts to the cause of anti-semitism. Most recently a third publication has been added in New York City known as "Die Ruecke." This newest organ was founded with the assistance of a Park Avenue physi- cian, Dr. Griebl, but may be regarded as the latest output of the "Friends of New Germany" although it is labelled as the organ of the German Legion. The adherents of the "Friends of New Germany" are largely recruited from the lower middle-classes, dissatisfied petty tradesmen, clerks, mechanics, servant- girls and unemployed. Erich Weigand is their agitatory genius. Much in de- mand as a speaker, his services are sup- plemented by a speakers' bureau, the representatives of which are available for meetings throughout the country. The organization meets regularly in New York City every Friday night in Kreutzerhalle located on East 86th Street. When the organization was first formed, attendance at the meetings was restricted to members only. Now, how- ever, they are open to the general pub- lic and are attended by some 150 to 200 people weekly. Page Four September 15, 1933 The JEWISH UNITY Every member of the "Friends of New Germany" is required to bring as many visitors to these meetings as pos- sible in order that they may have Nazi ideas instilled in them. Erich Wiegand is usually the speaker of the evening, and his addresses are followed by dis- cussions. The general platitudes of Nazi propaganda are repeated while every member tries to out-do his neighbor in the violence of his anit-Semitic views. Every German member of the "Friends of New Germany" is automatically a member of the German National So- cialist Party and, as such, under strict discipline. They learn their speeches by rote according to the Nazi plan. They must, for example, stress that France is still the enemy of Germany. At Nazi meetings in New York, Frapce is described as a degenerated Negro Ina- tion responsible for the downfall of Ger- many. AN outstanding function is the propa- gation of anti-Semitism. The same words, the same slogans, the same meth- ods followed in Germany are duplicated in America. The spurious protocols of the "Elders of Zion" are widely quoted. Henry Ford's name is repeatedly men- tioned with great approval. The neces- sity for taking counter-action against Jews for the boycott of German products is heavily stressed. All members of the "Friends of New Germany" are required to act as spies in their places of busi- ness, to discover the names of people who boycott German products, and to turn in these names to the headquarters of the organization. List of such boy- cotting businesses and individuals are carefully compiled, strict orders are is- sued to members and their friends not to purchase from such persons. An ef- fective system of espionage is conducted in coffee-houses and in beer-gardens. Germans enter beer gardens, create a spirit of camaraderie over a glass of beer for the specific purpose of finding out their attitude towards Hitler and his tactics. The names of people who are critical of Hitler are turned over to headquarters and, in turn, sent to Germany, so that retalia- tory measures may be taken against any and such relatives as remain in Ger- many. Spies are circulated among Ger- man refugees in New York for the pur- pose of discovering their attitude, to- wards Hitler with a view of reporting their names to Germany so that retalia- tory measures may be taken against their remaining relatives there. The organization also works closely with German tourist haedquarters here in an effort to divert as much tourist traffic into Germany. An important task which it has set itself is the counter-action of any anti- fascist movement on the part of work- ing groups, and the formation of Nazi cells in shops and in factories where Germans are employed, as well as anti- Semitic agitation there. One of the leaders of the "Friends of New Germany" is an official of the North German Lloyd, A. Mentzing. Mr. Mentzing is responsible for creating the first Nazi shop organization in America in his own office patterned after the German model. It is alleged that most of the employees of the North German Lloyd are actively associated with the Nazi organization. Membership in the "Friends of New Germany" requires the payment of monthly dues and regular subscriptions for propaganda purposes. Most of the propaganda material, however, comes directly from Germany. The work of distributing this material is well or- ganized. One group, for example, is entrusted with placing this literature in books in public libraries; another in the mail-boxes of apartment houses. They have even been bazen enough to distribute vicious and libellous pro- ducts of the Fichte Bund in the sub- ways, either by placing leaflets on the seats or by handing them directly to passengers. The Fichte Bund leaflets, printed in English and German, and a series of letters reviling the Jews, have been distributed in private offices as well. W HILE the organization itself con- tinually emphasizes that it has little funds at its disposal, this is far from representing the actual state of affairs, and apparently it has had sufficient funds to perfect network in many parts of the county. Speakers, whose expenses are paid by it, are sent to the most re- mote places to deliver addresses. Nor do the leaders of the organization show any evidence of financial straits. Some of them have quite recently moved into larger apartments and, in general, are surrounded by an aura of prosperity. In addition to the "Friends of New Germany", there are other organizations which spread Nazi propaganda. One of these is the "Kultur Bund" founded by and catering to the wealthier elements among the Germans in America. The larger German merchants are approach- ed for a donation. The leader of this group is one Kurt Spanknoevel, whose headquarters are located in the George Washington Hotel at 23rd Street and Lexington Avene, New York. Mr. Spanknoevel was formerly the organ- izer of the Detroit Nazi group. He is often to be seen in first-class hotels and in speak-easies where he seeks to re- cruit members for his organization and to spread propaganda of a Nazi character. Another important leader in this or- ganization is one, George Schellenberg, allegedly an executive of a large depart- ment store in New York City. He is regarded as a prototype of a Prussian officer and continually emphasizes his importance as an anti-bolshevist leader. His assistant is an employee of the New York Staatszeitung, one N. Orgell, who is known to have incited considerable anti-Semitic feeling among his fellow- employees. FOR the purpose of propagandizing among Americans, an American ver-. sion of the "Friends of New Germany" has been established. This new body is known as the "Friends of Germany founded and under the leadership of Col. Edwin Emerson. This group has, its headquarters in the same building as the German Consulate at 17 Battery Place. Col. Emerson is the official no- tary public of the German Consulate, which sends almost every one desiring an affidavit to his office. Col. Emerson is used as a speaker on such occasions when it is not desired to reveal the of- ficial connection between the German National Socialist party and the Amer- ican branches. He is usually sent as the speaker for German-Day programs, and to address Rotary and Kiwanis Clubs. This group has a speakers' bu- reau which function largely in spread- ing anti-Semitic propaganda. Col. Emerson himself is a former newspaper correspondent and served at the headquarters of General von Hind- enburg during the World War until America's entrance therein, when he was interned in Germany. The role he play- ed during this period has never been completely elucidated. This group has sought to make active propaganda for Germany among the American intellect- uals and business classes. At first it succeeded. So completely were its real purposes disguised, that it was able to' secure the membership of important' American intellectuals. Subsequently, when its real purposes were divulged,' these Americans hastily withdrew. All these organizations are superseded by a so-called brain trust, the leader of which is the North German Lloyd offi- cial Mentzing, who issues official or- ders. (Please turn to page 28)' Page Five The JEWISH UNITY September 15, 1933 THE PRACTICE of encouraging sepa- rate youth services is steadily gain- ing headway. Reports from all parts of the country seem to indicate that a num- ber of our rabbis feel that such services are a factor to be considered in solving the problem of youth's indifference to- wards worship. It is not indeed presented as a panacea for eliminating indiffer- ence towards religion, but separate serv- ices are advocated for those young peo- ple who feel a need for prayer and wor- ship, but who find established forms of expression unacceptable. The exponents of separate services present their case from the standpoint that the needs and interests of young people are unique. Such needs have been recognized in almost every phase of activity. The intellectual, social and emotional life of young people are re- ceiving special attention. Only their religious life seems to be excluded from the well 'recognized principle that the needs of a human being vary in the dif- ferent stages of his growth. Even the religious life of young children is re- ceiving special consideration, but after a child passes confirmation age, the as- sumption exists that he instantaneously becomes an adult, with the adult's needs for religious expression. Starting from the established fact that our young people are not as en- thusiastic about adult services as they might be, the question which naturally arises is, "Are our young people becom- ing less religious, or has our approach failed to take into consideration the quality of youth's temperament?" Those who have attempted to organize separate youth services are of the opin- ion that the young people who are asso- ciated with our liberal synagogues are by no means irreligious, for whenever a service has been designed to meet their needs, they have responded rather en- couragingly. And since the future vi- tality of the synagogue depends upon these very same young people, it is fur- ther argued that the stakes are too great for us to give them up without first exhausting all reasonable means for" satisfying their religious needs. In view of the significance of the problem, some reassurance is necessary on the important objections raised against the encouragement of separate youth services. T IS of course essential to urge that young people attend adult services. The problem, however, is not correctly stated as being one of multiplying serv- ices. No one wishes to increase serv- ices simply for the sake of numbers. The desire is rather to awaken and strengthen the religious consciousness of young people in order that they might develop strong loyalties to the synago- gue. The argument that it is folly to en- courage independent youth services while the pews at the adult service are not as full as they might be, is met by the statement that we should not visit the sins of the parents upon the children. The vacancy of pews argues for the need of an intensification of reli- gious work with adults. It should by no means serve as a point of departure for discouraging young people to wor- ship in a manner most suitable to their temparaments. The second objection is a profound one, and should be seriously considered by those who advocate separate serv- ices. Reassurances, however, come from the young people themselves. All ex- perience indicates that youth services are not simply created out of the thumbs of the youthful worshippers. In every case, they have entered the problem of solving their religious needs from the standpoint that they are Jews and that their prayers and rituals ought to echo the religious experiences of their people. THE DESIRE for youth services does not imply a negation of Jewish tradition; it rather indicates a desire to select special elements of that tradition. No SINGLE prayer book ever embodied the TOTALITY of Jewish experience. Even the orthodox prayer books are composed of specially selected aspects of tradition. The Union Prayer Book is also eclectic. Although this Prayer Book (like the Reform Movement at large) has repudiated some Jewish tra- Dr. Harry 1. Coming editions, it yet stands distinctly in the line of Jewish tradition. It maintains the framework of the traditional Prayer Book. It may therefore be said to com- bine some aspects of Jewish tradition with the religious needs of a changing world. As to the third objection, we can all sympathize with a desire for companion- ship between young people and their par- ents through joint attendance at adult services. To the extent that young people find a genuine satisfaction in attending services with their parents should this custom be encouraged. But does this particular occasion for companionship exist at present? Do young people as a rule accompany their parents to serv- ices? Do we want our young people to attend services for the sake of com- panionship with their parents or for the sake of religious nature of the serv- ices ? The same type of companionship may be fostered if the parents would attend the services of their children. Indeed, such a response to the efforts of youth would encourage them immeasurably in their attempts to create an adequate form of religious expression. Compan- ionship between parents and young people may be obtained in two ways. In this connection, we may either require the young people to share in the adult experiences of their parents, or the par- ents may be required to share in the experiences of their young people. A third and ideal way would be to have both parents and young people exper- ience life upon their own intellectual and emotional levels, and then, by an interchange of such experiences, create (Please turn to page 29) Page Six Shall We Encourage Separate Youth Services? By DR. HARRY I. COMINS The JEWISH UNITY New Year Message By J. H. KAPLAN, P. H. D. Rabbi of Temple Israel Miami Religion is the search for a good life, shared by all human beings, in a world so constituted that we may attain the object of our search if only we contribute ourselves intelligently and whole-heart- edly to the task before us. The Uni- verse says to man, in the words of the Bible: "I have set before you life and death, therefore choose life that you may live." If any element in a prescription, cal- culated to cure a specific disease, is omitted the chances are that the pre- scription will not help the patient. In the great plan of President Roosevelt to cure the disease of anemia in eco- nomic distribution the prescription must be conscientiously filled by EVERY man and woman in the country. Let us realize that before the disease becomes incur- able. On this great New Year's Day, con- secrated through thousands of years of spiritual longing, I call upon my fel- low Jews of this community to dedicate themselves to the New Deal, to the New Life, to the New Spirit, so that Amer- ica "may not fail nor be discouraged till it have set Justice in all the earth." Let each Jew take the first step to- wards self-dedication by closing his bus- iness on these Holy Days, and spend a few hours in his House of Worship, in the quietness of thought and in the presence of other members of his his- toric Faith to the end that each one may return to his home reverentially hum- ble and spiritually courageous to as- sume the privileges and the burdens of American Citizens of the Jewish Faith. May God bless you in the New Deal in the New Year. Jacob H. Kaplan, Temple Israel. THE HEBREW CALENDAR 5694 1933 Rosh Hashonah ................ Thurs., Sept. 21 Yom-Kippur Sat., Sept. 30 1st Day Succoth ................. Thurs., Oct. 5 Shemini Atereth ............... Thurs., Oct. 12 Simchath Torah .......................... Fri., Oct. 13 *Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan ...... Sat., Oct., 21 *Rosh Chodesh Kisley ......- Sun., Nov. 19 First Day Chanukah .......... Wed., Dec., 13 *Rosh Chqdesh Tebet ....-...... Thurs., Dec 28 Also observed the day previous as Rosh Chodesh (New Moon). All Jewish holidays begin at sunset the proceeding secular day. Page Seven Rosh Hashonah Message By BERNARD S. DEUTSCH W E TURN to a new year today from a year which has posed the most crucial problem in the history of our people since their expulsion from Spain. What the new year portends, none can forecast. That it carries over the prob- lems of the old, none will gainsay. The problem of German Jewry remains with us in all its enormity, overshadowing all else. Indeed its enormity grows as the mind recovers from its first agony of impression. And with it increase the repercussions in other Jewish communi- ties. Hilterism in Germany has set the Jews of the world a two fold undertak- ing. The defense of the rights of the Jews in Germany and the consolidation of their own rights in other countries where economic unrest has provided a fertile field for the sowing of bigotry by the international machinery of the Nazis and other bigots. The situation is real and demands realistic handling. The Hilter govern- ment has given more than one token that there is to be no quarter. The Jews are completely outside the pale of sub- sistence in Germany and in continuous fear of physical annihilation. The time for the old palliatives has long since passed. This is a new situation, a graver situation that any man of this genera- tion has witnessed. The old bromides are ineffectual. A new formula is im- perative. The first ingredient of this new formula must be unity. Unity of ac- tion and not mere verbiage. From such unity must follow a policy and a pro- gram in behalf of German Jewry, in be- half of American Jewry. We of the American Jewish Congress are persuaded that the program and policy to be pursued in behalf of the Jews of Germany must be based on six fundamental planks. 1. Continued defense action to the end that the equality rights of the Jews may be restored, making such represen- tations as are possible through the League of Nations and other recognized bodies of international public opinion. 2. Rehabilitation of the refugees from Germany. 3. The finding of new lands of migra- tion for German Jews. 4. Succor, through migration, for the children of German Jews. 5. Relief for Jews remaining in Ger- many. 6. Suppression and counteraction of Nazi propaganda in other countries. Equally is the American Jewish Con- gress convinced that this undertaking in whole or in part cannot be carried out by any single community, however rich and powerful. Nor can any com- munity refuse to lend its strength and whole hearted support to this compre- hensive program. Therefore it follows inexorably that a World Conference of Jews for the purpose of formulating in detail the work of defense and rescue of German Jewry must be summoned and promptly as the American Jewish Congress has repeatedly stated, assured in advance of the participation of all elements and all groups. For the American Jewish Congress I make the pledge that it will not desist from its efforts on behalf of the Jews of Germany until their rights shall be fully restored. I appeal to American Jewry to render the accomplishment of its program pos- sible by supporting its $1,000,000 De- fense Fund against Hitlerism. May that fraternity of spirit and ac- tion evolve from this holy of days to the end that the glory of Israel may be preserved. NEW YEAR MESSAGE FROM E. G. SEWELL, Mayor of Miami "I take pleasure in extending my cor- dial greetings and good wishes to our fellow citizens of the Jewish faith on the occasion of Rosh Hashonah, the Hebrew New Year. "The growing custom amongst Chris- tians of remembering the Jewish New Year with messages of good will is one which I heartily commend. It is a defi- nite contribution toward better under- standing and mutual sympathy between the various creeds and religions. As a Christian, I am conscious of the Hebraic background of the prevailing religion of the Western World. We are forever in- debted to the Jewish people for their share in our spiritual inheritance. September 15, 1933 1933 e Eight The JEWISH UNITY September 15, THE CHURCHES AND CRIME By EVERETT R. CLINCHY W HAT more than they are doing can the churches do about crime and delinquency ? Interpreting "churches" to include the organized forces of religion in the United States as comprised of Catholic, Jewish and Protestant structures, the writer recently interviewed or corres- ponded with forty-eight prison wardens, chaplains, reform school executives, so- cial workers, social scientists and reli- gious leaders in an endeavor to ascer- tain their views on the question. Pub- lished materials, also were consulted. The results presented in this paper were checked under the supervision of Dr. Edwin L. Earp, Chairman of the Department of Sociology in Drew Uni- versity. The testimony secured is presented with a rigid economy of comment, and has been arranged in subject groups rep- resenting various phases of the prob- lem as reflected in the comments of those consulted. The Family and The Home It is significant to note at the out- set that the counsel of sociologists and institutional executives, as recorded in their letters and interviews, points the forces of religion first of all to the home. They agree with Dr. Robert H. Gault, the eminent psychologist, that: "The best cure for diseases is their prevention. This applies equally to those of the biological organism and to those of social behavior." Warden Lewis of Oregon State Peni- tentiary, for example, writes: "Early training and home influence is the place to put the greatest amount of work. There are too many parents who do not seem to realize their responsi- bility in such cases and they allow their children to grow up doing pretty much as they please and are not always parti- cular of the company in which they go. Some of these can be salvaged after they have grown up, but it is better to train them right in the frist place than to change them afterwards." W. S. Carpenter, Director of the Michigan Walfare Department illu- strates the emphasis churches must put upon good home and family life. "The causes for detention in the Boys' Vocational School at Lansing, and the Girls' Training School at Adrian are directly' traced, in 90% of the cases, to broken homes. If there is one thing that the religion of the Jews meant and means, it is a deeply religious family life, and the same thing, I believe, can be said of real Christian homes of to- day. "I also believe that parents should realize their responsibility in leadership and example with their children more than they do today. How can we expect children to grow into useful law-abiding citizens, if their parents do not set the example for them? I will give you an illustration of juvenile delinquency in one of our northern towns. A juvenile party was being held in one of the dance halls outside of a certain town and one of my juvenile ward supervisors and a couple of troopers appeared at the place and took the juveniles, who were intox- icated, in tow. Instead of sending the juveniles to court, they called the par- ents of the juveniles and had them come and get them. One couple that came after a high school girl was driven there by friends, due to the fact that they were so intoxicated themselves that they could not drive their own car. The girl was returned to them in the morning by their minister. The story back of it was this: The father and mother de- sired to entertain in their own home that night, so they sent their daughter to stay all night with a high school chum. The girls, with some of their high school fellows, decided to go out and make "whoopee", and the result was as above stated. How could you expect this high school girl to do any differ- ent when her own parents were not set- ting the right kind of an example by maintaining a good and wholesome home influence?" According to R. W. McLain, chaplain of the Michigan State Prison at Jack- son: "What religion can do is, of course, obvious. The primary factor in delin- quency is social heredity, and begins in the home. The Committee on Delin- quency, reporting to the American Pri- son Congress in Baltimore in October, 1931, said that a large percentage of delinquency came from the home where there was contention and disagreement between the parents, more than from homes where actual divorce was ob- tained." To the writer such control of domes- tic habits involves wise and effective pastoral work. Indeed, the superinten- dent of the Negro boys reformatory in Maryland, insists that only personal con- tact will do! Perhaps this is one argu- ment for long pastorates wherein minis- ters become family friends and counsel- lors, and perform important functions in social control because they know indi- vidual strengths and weaknesses in the generations of both parents and chil- dren, yet, and become intelligent priests of those they marry, whom first they knew as infants. Rabbi Holtzberg, Jewish Chalplain at Trenton, gives an interesting explicit injunction for American family solidar- ity. "A constructive suggestion for organ- ized religion is to introduce into the home more family festivals. In Juda- ism we have some but not enough. We have for example the Passover Seder Dinner. We have the Feast of Lights, and a few more. There is, too, the Fri- day evening breaking of bread and can- dle ceremony. I believe that by the in- troduction of such ceremonies in the home we will be strengthening it and recover for it some of the ground it lost through the Movies and other di- versions." Father Cashin, a chaplain in the New York City Tombs Jail, starts with the home, too, and with certain authority he lays down marital obligations and care of children as parallel to the laws of the Medes and the Persians. "Disci- pline," he preached as he pounded the table of the Church of St. Andrew, when I interviewed him. "Dicipline the children Don't lay responsibility to endocrine glands, and adenoids." I ask- ed the Father how he dealt with a youngster or an adult whom he knew was tending toward, or already incar- cerated in prison. "I tell them the plain facts, 'You must pay for what you do,' I say. 'You must act as you know you should. No one can help you until you will make moral decisions for yourself.'" "And if the bad girl or criminal man refuses, what do you say then?" I per- sisted. Father Cashin raised his hands help- lessly, saying, "I tell them they can go to hell." He smiled, "Isn't that the truth?" Then he grew intensely earn- est. "I firmly believe that they all know Pag September 15, 1933 The JEWISH UNITY the difference between right and wrong." I close this section on home training and family life with part of a letter from Warden Thurston, of Maine State Prison. His ideas carry us toward the next division, schooling. "As an officer of the law for several years and in my present position as a Warden it is very plain to me that we are today, in this country, reaping the results of lack of interest in our homes. Children today are allowed to run wild without let or hinderance and as long as the condition is allowed to exist our problem will never diminish. I have no solution of the problem to offer ex- cept the return to the fundamental prin- ciples that have been taught during the ages. These principles must be taught in the home first, in the church next, and finally in the schools, whether it be grammer school or college." The Schools In almost every comment made we find the home, the church and the school noted as correlated agencies in the achievement of effective results in any effort to cure crime and reduce delin- quency. Rabbi Rudolph Coffee of the Cali- fornia Commission on Crime writes: "You and I know that the best pre- vention of delinquency is by education and that education should start in the home. But as the average home of to- day places such little stress on high edu- cational values, such as character build- ing, I believe that some compulsory method sholud be adopted whereby every child should receive some ethical train- ing in some Sunday School in his own vicinity. In other words, just as our laws stipulate that we must send our children to public school until a certain age so should there be a law that makes it compulsory for a child to get some religious training in any church he chooses for his own." Harold Donnell, Superintendent of Prisons in Maryland seconds Dr. Coffee's suggestion about schooling children in morals. "My own personal opinion, he says, is that the class of inmates in our Juvenile and Penal Institutions have had very little religious training of any sort, coming from homes where religion is not given much thought. I have person- ally been of the opinion for a long while that we have gone too far away in our public school system from reli- gious consideration and that there should be a getting together of the Catholic, Protestant and Jew to enable at least the teaching of a high regard of the Almighty Power, within our public school system. I know that I have not many supporters in this but I believe that the churches fail to reach the type of person who becomes involved with the law and the only place they can be reached is through the school system and that this system should deal much more with the teaching of morality, regard for outside auhtority and a further re- gard of an Almighty Power. When they reach us in most cases they are so de- praved that it is very difficult for us to instill into them the things which the public school could instill into them. The lack of regard of higher power is the cause of a great deal of their down fall." While the question of religion in the public schools remains controversial, Father McCaffrey, Chaplain at Sing Sing, urges that religious educators get the children after school hours, or else systematically visit all homes. Father McCaffrey seems to sigh with the real- ization of the enormity of our task, when he closes his two page response by say- ing, "In other words, it requires a great deal more work than we are willing to undertake today." Then, as if to light- en our burden he adds, "Of course, it must be said that the religious forces of the country are not police depart- ments." Certainly, public schools can instill a philosophy of life to counteract a pre- vailing view of society as a grab-bag into which one should reach an uncon- scionable fist. "Today," writes Chap- lain Holtzberg, the criminal has made a business of crime. He is in it because it pays. That there is punishment if caught is another matter. He does not fear that. He is willing to take a chance. Only last week one of the in- mates in the State Prison at Trenton, said to me, 'Any one who is in my racket must expect to be caught sooner or later and when he goes into it he must realize that he must give as well as take.' That is the attitude." Some of the chaplains are well-mean- ing but vague. For example, one preaches '"industriousness" and "social supervision." Professor Jerome Davis, on the other hand is specific. "In pre- venting delinquency," says this Chris- tian Sociologist, "the church has the problem of cooperating in the organiza- tion of the leisure time of the youth of our communities. They must see to it that there are adequate playground facilities and adequate clubs. I would say that every boy in the community should be card catalogued and the com- munity should know that his recreation and other needs are being cared for. If the church could cooperate in a joint movement of this kind it would revolu- tionize our delinquency problem." The social planning implied in Jerome Davis' suggested catalogue record im- pressed me. It can be done in every high school this year, through co-opera- tion of churches. At the same time Rabbi Coffee persistently puts super- vised recreation up to the partly-idle church plants as their opportunity. "I would urge that churches offer the use of their buildings and play-grounds aft- er school hours for all children of their neighborhoods." Inter-church athletic and oratorical contests, artistic and dra- matic ventures, craft and social demon- strations can be planned. Certainly Warden Walter Daly's fi- gures in Indiana should shock church- men into action. We are not as effec- tive as some people think when we real- ize that in 1932 2,000 out of 2,531 in- mates considered themselves "church attendants." The problem comes face to face with the churches when the rec- ord is read: "536 Baptists, 514 Metho- dists, 328 Catholics," and so on through the smaller denominations of churches and synagogues. The "Literary Digest" (April 13, 1929) gave statistics which prophesied that of the 319,000 ten year old boys in Manhattan, one-half would be registered in public blotters within a five year period. In the schools, both public and church, then, we can develop a strong social sense and fortify moral habits. As Dr. Brantigam of Yale puts it, a creed or a philosophy may not have a one-to-one correlation in the causal complex of be- havior or character, but it does enter as an important factor. Educational ob- jectives involve some metaphysics. This is precisely where the organized forces of religion can play a considerable role in preventing delinquency. Unofficial Agencies While several of our correspondents stress the possibilities in the Big Broth- er movement and supervision of parole by the clergy and other well intentioned church members social workers, parole agents and many judges had little faith in Big Brother work due to numerous disappointing experience of the past. Many remarked that most of the Big Brother work of the past consisted of attending meetings, holding banquets and talking, but very little of personal work was ever done with boys. Miss Edna Mahan of Clinton Reform- atory for Girls urges that the organ- ized forces of religion do everything in their power to keep law-breaking young- sters from incarceration in institutions. Page Nine The JEWISH UNITY September 15, 1933 Obviously some cases require institu- tional treatment but the chief function that churches can serve is to cooperate intelligently with the normal agencies- of control in a given community. Judge Ben Lindsey, the famous Ju- venile Court judge, told of the efforts he put forth in extra-institutional ju- venile guidance. He gained the confi- ence of individuals, the inside story of whose escapades he knew. Judge Lind- sey took these youngsters where he found them. He showed them towards what their actions were leading. He ar- ranged regular appointments; he did not punish; he did not indict. He talked with girls arid boys who had not yet learned to discipline their emotions and to restrict their desires. It seems clear that notwithstanding the minor faults in Judge Lindsey's work, his approach was sound. The Churches should lend their influence so that informal dealing with youthful infringements will be carried as far as they reasonably can. This is good economics, too, for "The average cost of supervising a probationer for one year is $25.00, while the average cost of maintaining an inmate in the various penal institutions in the state is $350.00," according to ,the Report of the Crime Commission of Michigan, 1932. As for parole of an individual who has actually experienced formal court action and has possibly served time in an in- stitution, the trend of thought is that parole calls for skilled attention. More- over, voluntary parole control is inade- quate. A high degree of education and skilled experience for full time parole officers motivated to be sure by reli- gious impulse is the best answer to this question. If as was said before, the church is not to be considered a police- man, it is not either to be considered a parole officer. Ministry to individuals, without responsibility for paroles, is about as far as the church should wise- ly go. "Answering your second question, I wish to refer you to some of our rec- ords and plans that we have along the line of probation," says W. S. Carpen- ter of Michigan. "Probation, in its truest sense, is prevention. It prevents the dependent and neglected child from becoming delinquent and the first of- fender from becoming a hardened crim- inal. It is not a release from punish- ment; but it gives an individual an op- portunity to make good under the pro- per supervision. Properly supervised probation of the adult offender makes him an asset instead of a liability to the community. The success of probation depends almost entirely upon the nam- ing of persons who are qualified to carry on this work, which involves a state con- trolled, supervised and financed proba- tion system." Causes and Cures "There is no one cause of, and there- fore, no one cure for, crime."-(Report, Recent Social Trends, p. 1165.) That being true, nevertheless, certain temperaments appear to get excited about certain causes almost to the ex- clusion of other elements. One kind of upbuilders want redemption of souls. Say they, there is no construction of golden streets in the New Jerusalem with clay bricks. "Salvage individual souls An- other school insists that individuals will take care of themselves if we build a new society, a Kingdom of God on earth. Let Father Eligius Weir of Joliet Penitentiary in Illinois speak, for one approach. "We have not found the real cure of crime because we have ignored the real sources of the evil. No scientist today holds that criminal tendencies are her- editary. Environment is alleged as the real source of crime. Poverty is given as the main cause of predatory crimes; and yet a check-up shows that very few inmates were driven to crime through property. The poor in general do not show criminal tendencies, and the poor we will always have with us; even though some may hope for a fool's para- dise here on earth in which we will have no poor." Parenthetically the writer desires to differ with those who believe there need always be poor people, economically speaking. An economy of surplus is by no means an impossibility. There may always be sick people, physically and mentally, but there need not be poor people so far as the need for the serv- ices of doctors, grocers, teachers or tailors are concerned. Father Weir continues, and names the cause of crime. "Crime comes ultimate- ly from the unbridled will of man. What men need is a check on their evil propen- sities to pride, avarice, lust, anger, envy, gluttony, and sloth. Pride prompts men to disrespect authority; avarice causes them to desire unjustly their neighbors goods; lust urges them to neglect curb- ing their carnal desires; envy makes men begrudge their fellowmen's 'suc- cess; anger leads to violence; gluttony tends to drunkeness which makes men beastly, and sloth keeps men from an earnest effort to correct themselves." But the question remains, Why are they slothful? Let Professor Jerome Davis of Yale Divinity School open the case for the social approach. "The larger problem of preventing crime is related to our whole economic system. As long as twelve million peo- ple are unemployed and have to suffer the vicissitudes of an economic order based on private gain there is bound to be an increase of criminal activity." "People who have been unemployed for years starve, but they do not starve to death, because they steal, beg, bor- row and concentrate on obtaining food 'like prowling cats," Miss Helen Hull, Philadelphia settlement worker, said at a Senate hearing. (As reported in the New York Times, January 11, 1933.) "Miss Hull was not dramatic. Calm- ly she read her cases, until she had built into the record a vision of hu- man degradation and despair . "She pictured families run down phy- sically, sending out children to snatch food from wholesale markets, stealing milk for babies, stealing from pushcarts anything which can be exchanged for food." Perhaps the example, too, of the pres- ent folkways of influential citizens, should be read into the record. Racket- eering may be in the air. "The testimony of Samuel Insull, Jr. the youngster who a year ago was draw- ing an annual salary of $113,000 as president of one of his father's numerous companies, further reveals how com- pletely our late giants of finance have deemed themselves above the law. In- sull, Jr., admitted that Insull Utility Investments Company had published in 1930 earnings of $10,343,000. That was the story told the investors-'hooked' and prospective. But with the federal income-tax bureau Insull Utility Invest- ments Company in the same year filed a net loss of $6,493,000." The Nation, March 1, 1933. "On Wednesday, February 22, the daily press reported, Mr. Pecora brought out that the National City officers had lent themselves $2,400,000 to protect their margin gambling, appropriating this money without security, charging themselves no interest, and subsequent- ly writing most of these loans down or off, at the same time that they sold out their customers and compelled their clerks to continue payments on stock which these lesser fry had bought." Rabbi Holtzberg, however, differs with inferences in Professor Davis' out- look. "Some people blame the capitalis- tic system for crime. But that is un- just. Some say that a more just dis- tribution of wealth would eliminate crime. That is only a conjecture. I do not believe it to be true." And Father Cashin suggests that "children are animals, rational animals Page Ten September 15, 1933 to be sure. Now, simply changing the kennel to one with lace curtains won't. make a particle of difference." Edward C. Lindeman, of the New School of Social Research, is impatient with the argument between those who pigeonhole personal approaches and those who categorize a societal approach to crime ,as if each were distinct. To him the new psychology fuses the two- "All this talk about environment and the individual becomes irrelevant. Of course society is responsible; of course the individual is responsible, but they are not separate. As a matter of fact it seems to me almost impossible to prove there is any such thing as an individual; that the only way man be- comes human is through association with other human beings; and if you were to take away from human beings some of the characteristics which they re- ceive only by association with other hu- man beings, such as language, you wouldn't have a human being in the full word. Take away from human beings any of the social attributes and im- mediately you have something else than human, and it becomes utterly absurd to distinguish between the society and the individual." In short, it is not a case of either the social gospel or personal religion with regard to the delinquent,-it is bothand! One sees this boldly chiseled in a state- ment by one of the 200,000 wandering homeless boys drifting across the na- tion. "Fell in with two boys, one from the North, fairly well dressed and with nim- ble fingers. He stole a bottle of shoe polish right under the eyes of a ten- cent-store clerk, lifted a tin of sardines and after trying several stores, made a superb theft of a can of apricots. With a loaf of bakery bread, we had quite a meal and stretched out to sleep in the park . "I slept two nights in the Red Star Mission. Paid for my bed, beef and grits by listening to their prayers, by being brow-beaten by some young tough who had just got religion and was con- sequently allowed to stay in the Mis- sion any length of time for his valuable testimony at each night's meetings . "On a freight I found three women beside the usual crowd of boys. Two were Negro women and the other was a white girl. All three were dressed in men's clothes. In the darkness I had asked the white girl for a match, not knowing she was a voman. She replied, 'I'm a lady and I don't carry matches.' I noticed that, like most ladies, she had allowed one of the young tramps to put his arms about her. Heard many tales rhe JEWISH UNIT" of women hoboes. One hobo told me how two women had lightened the jour- ney of some twenty hoboes one night." (New Republic, March 8, 1933.) This picture of "boys going no- where" involves both changes in the so- cial-economic structure and genuine at- tention to individual lives. What Can the Churches Do? "A study of 600 cases," reports Robert Havlik, St. Charles School for Boys, in Illinois, "was made for this survey, 300 of whom were from Cook County (in which Chicago is located) and the re- mainder from down state The facts disclosed were startling and extremely discouraging. 11 boys out of each 100 from Cook County could be termed suc- cesses. The other 89 incarcerated in this or other states, had been electro- cuted, hanged, or killed in the pursuit of crime." Certainly, situations like that one af- ford the organized forces of religion an opportunity to play a redemptive role with boys emerging fresh from any cor- rective school. What can the churches do within pri- sons and reformatorys? For one thing, we can send good chaplains. Not so much to preach at criminals, (although well advised worship services are part of the job.) Probably a chaplain should be chosen upon his qualifications in mental hygiene, his knowledge of prin- ciples of character education and atti- tude formation, and his personality, fully as much as his theological thor- oughness. After perusing letters and articles by chaplains, I am amazed at the variety of opportunities for influ- ence they have. Often, to be sure, the light of religion is put under a bushel by the old-school prison discipline. Nor is the chaplain's function merely nom- inal. There is both example and pre- cept. Apropos of "precept" the late Hastings Hart, one-time President of the American Prison Association, related a delightful anecdote. "Chaplain George H. Hickox of the Michigan State Prison, was a great chaplain Thirty years ago he was prac- ticing many of the things which we now call modern prison reform. Among oth- er things he organized two literary so- cieties. I attended a meeting where 200 prisoners, packed tightly in a small but well ventilated room, were holding an animated discussion on the question; "Which has the greater influence, ex- ample or precept?" A negro prisoner discomfited his white opponent and won the debate: "De man wat says example has mo' influence den precep' don't no wat he's talking' about," he declared. Page Eleven "Why, Misto Pres'dent, how was it 'fo' de wah? De Norf dey set de Souf de extmple ob not havin' any slaves. What good did dey do? Bimeby Ab'ham Lnicum he gib de precep!" Radio, Movie and Press There is general realization of the fact that these three media are today creat- ing a state of mind, particularly on the part of the immature, to an extent un- paralleled in our history. From typical comments received the following are quoted: Radio: "Another constructive sugges- tion for organized religion is to exercise its force and power in controlling the Radio. I believe that such programs as "The Shadow" and "The Crime Club" should be forced off the air. I believe- that they fire the imagination of the youth of our land in the wrong direc- tion." Press: "Organized Religion should use its influence with the press of the land in order that they may take off the front sheet of their newspapers the stories of crime. They argue that it is news and the people want to read about it. Is it right to give the people what they really want, if you know that what they want will ultimately react to their own hurt? I feel that I know the psy- chology of the criminal. He craves to see his name in bold print on the first page of papers. He thrives on that. In England that is not done and the crime wave in England has never reach- ed the proportions that it has in the United States." Movies: The superintendent of a Maryland Reformatory stresses the need for social control of the movies. But how are they to be controlled as long as profit-making commercialization is the rule of the game? Along this line the Recent Social Trends report has direct bearing. A paragraph (page 956, chap- ter on Recreation and Liesure Times) reads. "Another problem of a different kind is the devising of ways and means of better governmental supervision and control of commercial amusements. This involves suitable measures of control over motion pictures and radio broad- casting, and the regulation of dance halls, pool and billiard rooms, cabarets and road houses, burlesque theaters, horse racing and other forms of amuse- ment provided on a commercial basis. Past experience has shown that where; there is no competent supervisory au-, thority there is always danger of lower-,,. ing standards in the interests of larger-_ profits. While the trend has been in *,; (Please turn to page 25) 1 The JEWISH UNITY September 15, 1933 A Review Of Liberal Judaism By VICTOR EMANUEL REICHERT AS SHADOWS fall in the sunset hour on Wednesday, Sept. 20, 1933, World Jewry will gather to its tents of Wor- ship to mark with prayer the passing of the year, 5693. It has been a year of momentous significance in the history of the world as well as in the story of Israel. As 5693 drops wearily upon the heroic lap of Father Time, it will carry with it a grey-streaked chronicle of travail and promise, of despair and wist- ful hope-a record of shadow and light hardly rivaled through the centuries. Yet Judaism has gone forward cour- ageously. Amidst the clash of warring political philosophies, of sharply dis- puted economic doctrines, of rumbling rivalries among classes and nations, Is- rael has stood during the past year a "lone dweller" among the people of the earth, still nourishing her ancient dream of One God and One Humanity. Drap- ing about her ancient shoulders the prophetic mantle of social justice, of civ- ic righteousness, and of international peace, she has stood like a faithful watchman on the embattled walls of a harassed civilization, peering with anx- ious but unconquerable eye into the night. To behold in sharp relief the violent contradictions contained within the pages of 5693, one has only to think of the Century of Progress Fair in Chicago, where with thrilling music and pageant- ry the purposeful advance of Israel, called "The Romance of a People," was colorfully dramatized; and then turn to the hell-hole of Nazi-ridden Germany where Hitler, Goring, Goebbels and Company have written another venom- ous chapter in the martyrdom of the Jews and have turned back the Clock of Progress into the Dark Ages of me- dieval persecution. COMPLETELY overshadowing all oth- er problems in world Jewry during the past year was the terrible plight of the Jews of Germany since the sudden and sensational rise to power of Adolph Hitler last March. The Nazi ascendancy was as unexpected as it was catastrophic The Rev. John Haynes Holmes, in an article in "Opinion" for March, 1933, was very close to reality when he wrote pointedly "I FEAR HITLER" and warned that "For months, ever since the Nazi leader was suddenly transformed from a ridiculous into a formidable phe- nomenon, our thinking about him here in America has been largely wishful in character." Nevertheless prominent Jewish spokesmen and representative newspapers like the New York Times, up to January, 1933, apparently blind to the actualities, continued hopefully to predict that Hitler and his hoodlums would never come to power. But he did! And at once, by boycott, bonfire and a reign of terror unbelievable in a country that has long boasted of its "Kultur," he proceeded to destroy the economic and spiritual foundations of German Jewry to the amazement and shock of the civilized world. The Union of American Hebrew Con- gregations, its Sisterhoods and Brother- hoods, at their sessions in the City of Chicago in June, 1933, expressed the anguished sentiments of American Israel concerning this crime against human- ity in the twentieth century, when they adopted a resolution declaring: "Our hearts go out in this hour of trial to our Jewish brethren who are un- dergoing unspeakable suffering in Ger- many. WE ARE highly gratified that many Christians of this and other coun- tries and numerous secular and profes- sional bodies have nobly expressed their condemnation of the unjust actions of the constituted authorities of Germany. We are grateful that the representatives in both Houses of Congress have voiced the indignation of the American people regardless of race or creed." Persecution and Self-Preservation Two main currents flow through the year: On the one hand, the vicious up- thrust of anti-Semitism finding its focal center in Germany; on the other hand, the inner forces of world Jewry which are now welding harmoniously together to resist the pressure from without. The past year has marked rapid and hopeful strides forward in effecting inward sol- idarity. The Union of American Hebrew Congregations, at its 33rd council at Chicago, took the leadership, through its chairman, in urging the expansion of the powers of the Synagogue Council of America, so that, through this body of reform, Conservative and Orthodox rab- bis and lay leaders, it might represent the united voice of American Jewry on all questions affecting the welfare of our people. The Union has accepted the underly- ing principle of Judge Stern's plan, pre- sented at the 32nd Council Meeting in Philadelphia in 1931. Judge Stern main- tained that the Synagogue is and must be the center of Jewish life. In the words of Ludwig Vogelstein, this pro- nouncement "constitutes a far-reaching criticism of Jewish life in America." Sooner of later we will have to learn the truth, that our supreme distinction in the Disapora is our Jewish religion. Any other position is untenable. Ortho- doxy, Conservatism, and Reform have a common platform-Judaism. Unity In Israel N ORDER to manifest this unity of American Israel and provide the Ma- chinery for joint action, the Union, a few years ago, formed what is known as the Synagogue Council of America. It is composed of representatives of the Orthodox, Conservative and Reform lay unions and rabbinical bodies. I venture to propose that this Synagogue Council should be made th3 organization to rep- resent the opinion of the Jews of Amer- ica, both at home and abroad, on all eauetions affecting our Jewish rights. It would do away with schism, and pro- claim to the world that "American Is- rael" stands loyal and united under its old flag-Judaism." It is difficult to exaggerate the im- portance of this pronouncement. By au- thorizing the necessary steps for its consummation, the 33rd Council of the Union has made an important step for- ward in the advancement of Judaism in America. The Synagogue has been the historic symbol of Israel as a world-wide religious community and this effort to make it central and authoritative in Jewish life in this country should re- ceive the full support of all Jews. Christian Concern Over German Anti-Semitism The frightful flare-up of Anti-Sem- itism stirred not only world Jewry but vigorous repercussions from representa- tive bodies of Christians. Protest meet- ings, addressed by outstanding Church- men, were held all over the land. At first a startled world questioned the vio- lence of the persecution. On March 24, the members of the Executive Commit- tee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, recorded the conviction that "the reported serious Page Twelve September 15, 1933 The JEWISH UNITY Page Thirteen persecution of Jews in Germany con- cerns all men of brotherly ideals, par- ticularly the followers of Jesus Christ." "On Christian grounds," they declared, "we protest against all forms of racial and religious intolerance, and express our deep sympathy for its victims. In the name of our common Heavenly Fa- ther we urge Christians everywhere to re-examine their own racial attitudes and relationships, to the end that hatred and strife may be overcome by the pow- er of that charity which alone can avert the threatened break-down of Western civilization." A Christian scholar, Dr. Conrad H. Moehlman of the Colgate-Rochester Di- vinity School, wrote a brave "confession of sin" called "The Christian-Jewish Tragedy." Non-Jewish journalists like H. R. Knickerbocker and Dorothy Thompson rendered valiant and heroic service to the world in publishing the true story of the German atrocities and the Ger- man persecution. The editorials of im- portant papers all over the world be- came increasingly vigorous as the full and unbelievable extent of the Nazi anti-Jewish campaign leaked out. On March 30th, the New York Times editorially published a powerful con- demnation of the Hitlerist government. "The German Nationalists," declared the Times, "are forcing the world to see something more than a 'Jewish question' in the Reich. By their methods and manifestoes they are taking the matter out of the realm of narrow race hatred and making it appear one of humanity and civilization itself. "The thing has already gone far be- yond an attack upon a single race or re- ligion. Feelings have been aroused which transcend political boundaries or definitions of race . "One thing the German Government may set down for certain. It cannot compel citizens of other nations to be dumb in the presence of what they con- sider an outrage upon the finer profes- sions and ideals of modern States. If they kept silent, the very stones would cry out." Nor did they keep silent. In England's parliament eloquent and impassioned condemnation of the Hitler program poured forth which shook the corners of the civilized world. Sir John Simon, Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the House of Commons, was particularly out- spoken. In the United States Senate, on June 10th, Senator James T. Robin- son of Arkansas, majority leader, and other prominent senators, denounced the Nazi Jewish persecution. Senator Robinson called the German spectacle "sickening and terrifying." On May 10th, the Jewish Daily Bulle- tin released a remarkable statement signed by one thousand Christian min- isters of all denominations. The state- ment was prepared by the Rev. Dr. Har- ry Emerson Fosdick, pastor of the Riv- erside Church, and a group of outstand- ing churchmen. The statement pointed out that "the endeavor of the German Nazis to humiliate a whole section of the human family threatens the civil- ized world with the return of medieval barbarity." Jewish Organizations Protest Meanwhile National Jewish organiza- tions registered their protest. On Thurs- day, May 11, over two hundred and fifty thousand Jews and n on-Jews in New York City paraded in a six-hour protest. General John F. O'Ryan acted as grand marshal of the parade. Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, honorary president of the Amer- ican Jewish Congress, arranged the protest. On June 14th, the campaign to raise $1,000,000 in New York City alone for the relief of the German Jews, initiated by the Joint Distribution Committee, be- gan under the leadership of its national chairman, Dr. Jonah B. Wise. Another million was asked from the remainder of the country. A few days later, Sunday, June 18th, the Jewish Daily Bulletin announced that Samuel Untermeyer, noted lawyer, would serve as the honorary president of the National Boycott Committee of America. Then on Monday, June 19th, Dr. Cy- rus Adler, president of the American Jewish Committee, announced the pub- lication of the "White Book"-"The Jews in Nazi Germany: The Actual Record of Their Persecution by the National So- cialists." The book was a reliable and sober recital of the terrible story and its appearance was widely commented upon in the public press. The dark clouds of German anti-sem- itism cast their sombre shadow across the deliberations of the Central Confer- ence of American Rabbis which opened its 44th annual meeting at Milwaukee on June 22nd. Rabbi Morris Newfield, president of the C. C. A. R., in his mes- sage expressed the grateful appreciation of American Jewry that "the civilized peoples of Europe and America have spontaneously expressed their sympathy with the Jews of Germany in their sad plight and have fearlessly condemned those outrages and brutalities." Presi- dent Newfield also deplored the "lack of unity in American Jewish life" in its approach to the solution of the problem of the German Jews. He stressed the paramount need for such unity in order to bring the fullest "moral and finan- cial succor to the dispossessed and jobless Jews of Germany." "Concerted action by the American Jewish Committee, the American Jewish Congress, the B'nai B'rith and other national organizations would undoubtedly lead to quicker and better results." Almost simultaneously with this plea for unity, word went forth on June 25th that a joint council, composed of repre- sentatives of the three national organi- zations which have spoken for the body of American Jewry in connection with the persecution of the Jews in Ger- many, was functioning. Thus at last the prospect seemed near when the Ameri- can Jewish Committee, the B'nai B'rith and the American Jewish Congress would find a working agreement for united and concerted action against the peril of Hitlerism. Spain Offers an Ironic Gesture A striking by-prdouct of the German calamity was the effect it had on other lands, notably Spain. The B'nai B'rith editorially in its May issue pointed out that since 1492 Spain's treatment of her Jews has stood as the nadir of cru- elty. And now Spain performs a ges- ture that to the hearts of Jews looked like an amend. In Belgium lingers Al- bert Einstein, German philosopher, Jew, an exile from his native land, a man without a country, upon which his achievements have conferred great re- nown. Spain offers sanctuary to Albert Einstein. The University of Madrid ten- ders him a professorship." World Union and the Hebrew Union College During the past year the World Union for Progressive Judaism continued to labor for the advancement of Liberal Judaism. Evidence of the far-reaching influence of the Hebrew Union College was the appointment of Rabbi Moses Cyrus Weiler, one of twelve graduates of this year's class, as Rabbi of the Re- form group of Johannesburg, South Af- rica. Rabbi Weiler was sent to Johannes- burg by the World Union. Another grad- uate, Rabbi Perry Nussbaum, was called to succeed Rabbi Jerome Mark, as lead- er of the Liberal Congregation Beth Israel of Melbourne, Australia. Jewish Education A Jewish consciousness which derives solely from prosecution and Anti-Sem- itism must in the end become patho- logical, psychopathic and introverted. Aware of the dangers inherent in the The JEWISH UNITY world crisis precipitated by Naziism, Jewish leadership during the past year strengthened its fortresses of Jewish education. Mr. Chrales P. Kramer, president of the National Federation of Temple Brotherhoods, at its meeting in Chicago, said: "The growth which we want and which we are getting ... is not from enthusi- asm alone but from conviction which can only arrive by knowledge and ap- preciation of what being a Jew really means and therefore we take pride in stating that Jewish education is a fea- ture in practically all Brotherhood or- ganizations today." Dr. Joseph Rauch, of Louisville, Ky., emphasizing the concern in Jewish edu- cation, when he said in the course of his paper before the Union: "The major interest today of the Union of American Hebrew Congrega- tions, as expressed through the Depart- ment of Synagogue and School Exten- sion and the Commission on Jewish Ed- ucation, is religious education to me a Jewish survival, unless it be dis- tinctly religious, is not only meaningless but worthless." A similar trend of thinking is evi- denced by the words of Mr. Adloph Rosenberg of Cincinnati, who declared: "Our world is upset. Men clamor for a new order. We Jews feel that the spiritual values crystallized in the cru- cible of Israel's experiences and pre- served in the imperishable poetry of her prophets and sages, should be the spir- itual foundation on which to build for the new order. The open sesame to the spiritual reservoirs of the Jewish people is Jewish /education. Therefore, Ithe Synagogue must provide adequate edu- cation for child and man." Dangers of Assimilation But while the past year saw an in- tensification in the program of Jewish education and a widening of its empha- sis to embrace youth and adult groups in addition to the elementary and high school groups, some Jewish thinkers were not blind to the danger of Judaism as well as Jews being assimilated into the thought current of our secular age. In his address at the opening exercises of the Hebrew Union College on Oc- tober 15th, President Julian Morgen- stern warned against the vogue of "Hu- manism" as "naught but a smug arro- gant, egoistic Atheism. Its corollary, the substitution of man's better self for God, is naught but a foolish self-decep- tion which deceives no one except those who want to be deceived." A similar warning against "playing fast and loose with revered tradition" was voiced by Dr. Israel Bettan, speak- ing at the annual Founder's Day Exer- cises at the Hebrew Union College Chapel, on March 25th. Pointing to the life-teachings and character of Isaac M. Wise, founder of the college, Dr. Bettan declared that "he ever insisted that however modified and purified, Judaism must never cease to flow from the an- cient fountains of Jewish truth and in- spiration. As he expressed it again and again: 'Judaism must be studied in the products of the Hebrew mind, and these are preserved in Israel's great litera- ture." Reading a paper on "The Concept of God in Jewish Life and Literature" be- fore the Central Conference, Rabbi Ber- nard Heller of Ann Arbor, Mich., crit- icized the attempts of a certain school of Jewish thinkers who "have attempted to dovetail the implied creed and implicit- character of Judaism with the idealogies of modern Humanism, secular Hebraism and a non-religious or even irreligious type of nationalism. These scholars, warned Rabbi Bernard Heller, believe that "allegiance to the Jewish people rather than to the Jewish religion is supreme and cardinal in Jewish life." Dr. Samuel Schulman of New York City, speaking before the Union Sym- posium in Chicago at the 33rd Council, declared that "Zionism," in his opinion, was "the greatest piece of assimilation that the Jewish people have ever ex- perienced. It has assimilated away the Jewish soul and has made of the Jewish people a modern nation in the Western sense of the word-something entirely new and breaks altogether with Jewish tradition." "Our -ideal," declared Dr. Schulman, "is not to make of the Jewish people a secular nation." The Jewish people are to be regarded as a great spiritual influence in the world-"not a nation but the binding tie amongst all nations-an eternal people, transcend- ing distinctions of time." Anniversaries Among the significant anniversaries observed during the year were the fif- tieth anniversary of Temple Emanuel, reform congregation of Montreal, Can- ada, in November; the 90th anniversary of the Plum Street Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio, in December; the 200th anniver- sary of Congregation Mikve Israel of Savannah, Gerogia, which was memorial- ized by the Union at its Chicago meet- ing. In October, Congregation Bene Israel of Cincinnati appropriately celebrated the 70th birthday of Dr. David Philip- son, dean of the American Rabbinate, whose birthday occurred on August 9th. September 15, 1933 Mr. Vogelstein, on behalf of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, sent an appropriate message of congrat- ulations. The Alumni of the College meeting in Milwaukee, paid him a beau- tiful tribute. On April 7th, Galvestonians of all faiths and friends throughout the state paid tribute to Dr. Henry Cohen, Rabbi of Temple B'nai Israel, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday and forty-fifth anniversary of continuous ministry in Galveston. Dr. Cohen was eulogized as a humanitarian and reference was made to the characterization of him by Pres- ident Woodrow Wilson as "the foremost citizen of Texas." On February 28th Adolph S. Ochs and Effie Miriam Ochs, daughter of Isaac M. Wise, celebrated their golden jubilee. On March 12, Mr. Ochs celebrated his 75th birthday. Mr. Ochs has frequently acknowledged Judaism as the touch- stone of his life. Advance of Youth Work SYMTOMATIC of the will to perpet- Suate Judaism and to advance its pur- pose have been the efforts of Liberal Jewish leaders during the past year to enlist the loyalty of the rising genera- tion. Thus the Union, through its depart- ment of Youth Activities, under the lead- ership of Dr. Harr L. Comins, has pub- lished an excellent monthly called "The Youth Leader," for use in Youth Clubs, and has sponsored and planned meetings of youth leaders in various cities in the United States. The National Federa- tion of Temple Sisterhoods has actively supported the Youth Work. Mrs. Albert S. May, National Chairman of the Com- mittee on Youth Folk's Temple Leagues, has been especially active in the youth program. In Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 5th, a Conclave of Jewish Youth was attended by representatives of all shades of Jewish opinion in the city. In England, under the auspices of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, at the West London Synagogue of Brit- ish Jews, on July 29th, a youth meeting was held. Mr. L. I. Edgar, a youthful and talented minister serving the Liber- al Jewish Synagogue, St. John's Wood Road, addressed the gathering on "What Youth Hopes for From Religion." He treated his subject from the point of view of the personal life, social life, and finally religious institutions. In all the Youth meetings held during the past year one senses a seriousness, a candor, and a willingness for a self- criticism on the part of the speakers. Thus the director of the Hillel Funda- tions, addressing the delegates to the (Please turn to page 26) Page Fourteen Septen Fifteen THE HITLER regime has been in power in Germany for six months. It was swept into power on March 5th on the promise of bread and work for the masses. Despite falsi- fied figures issued for foreign con- sumption, showing an alleged rise in employment and in trade, the Hitler government has made little progress in approaching a solution of pressing eco- nomic problems at home. Its entire program today has consis- ted of creating scapegoats in the farm of Jewish and other minority groups. Its "achievements" consist of a series of decrees of expulsion and extermina- tion which have ruined the Jewish popu- lation in Germany, physically, economi- cally, spiritually and brought about Germany's isolation by the civilized na- tions of the world. In a little less than half a year, the Hitler government has issued close to 100 decrees relating to the Jews, the effect of which has been to expel them from citizenship; deprive them of all possibilities of livelihood; prevent their children from procuring an education; the property of the Jews is being con- fiscated. They are denied the right to practice the liberal professions, trades, or in the mercantile field.. They may not inherit land. They may not liquid- ate their property for transfer abroad. Their passports are withdrawn and free exit abroad is denied them. One hundred thousand Jews it is es- timated are in dire need; some 80,000 Jews are in enforced exile abroad. One- sixth of the Jewish population of Ger- many has within six months been ruined irreparably. How long the remainder of the population will be able to subsist in a land which has cut them off from every right as human beings and as citizens, no one can predict. The situation is growing from bad to worse. Each day brings its new crop of edicts designed to strangle the Jew- ish population until all breath of life is choked off. And as Hitler struggles to keep the ranks of the National Socialist Party closed and the divergent elements appeased, there is every reason to be- lieve that a new stringency-if that is possible-will be applied to Jews. The record of persecutions of the Jews has no parallel in modern history. At least 300 Jews have been killed in Hit- ler's "bloodless" revolution; at least 3,- 000 cruelly tortured. But this physical violence pales in significance by the side of the slow strangulation of eco- nomic, political, cultural and social boy- cott. The picture of the situation in Ger- many is portrayed in all its harrowing intensity in the following decrees pub- lished by the Hitler government. They require no comment. The Day By Day Record follows: Hitler's War of Extermination Against The Jews Was announced on February 25th, with the adoption of the program of the National Socialist Party. It was preached for 13-years by the ever-growing ranks of the National So- cialist Party. It was launched on January 30th, 1933; when Adolf Hitler, head of the National Socialist Party, was named Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hin- denburg. It become the avowed purpose of the German government beginning with March 5th, when Hitler and his Party were returned to office by an over- whelming majority in the national elec- tions. It is incorporated in the laws of Ger- many in the following decrees: March 25th: Jews who came into the Rhenish Palatinate after August 1, 1914, ordered to report to the Police; their passports withdrawn and their bank ac- counts confiscated. March 29th: The German government officially ordered a boycott against all Jewish places of business for April 1st. Business firms ordered to dismiss Jew- ish employees. March 31st: All Jewish judges and attorneys ordered cleared from the courts. April 1st: Twenty-four American Film companies ordered to dismiss the Jews. April 1st: Decree eliminating Jews from practising as notaries issued by Minister of Justice Kerrl: "Maintenance of public order and se- curity will be exposed to serious danger if Germans are still liable to be served with documents in legal proceedings which have been drawn up or certified by Jewish notaries. I accordingly ask that Jewish notaries be urgently advised in their own interests to refrain until further notice from exercising their calling. "In this connection the attention of notaries should be drawn to the fact that should they refuse to comply with this recommendation they will expose themselves to serious dangers in view of the excited state of public opinion. Notaries should be recommended to in- form the competent presidents of pro- vincial courts that they will refrain from exercising their calling pending the issue of further regulations regard- ing conditions applying to notaries." April 2nd: The Prussian Minister of Justice issued instructions to all presi- dents of district courts, attorneys gen- eral and presidents of offices superin- tending prisons and correctional insti- tutions in Prussia requesting "those con- cerned immediately to invite all Jewish judges on the bench to apply for leave without delay and to grant such applica- tions immediately. I furthermore re- quest the authorities concerned to cancel at once the powers of Jewish court clerks and court attaches. "Any Jewish judges refusing to apply for leave shall be forbidden to enter the court building on the basis of the law of trespass." April 4th: Government by decree forbade exit from the country without permission of the police. This ruling, insofar as foreigners were affected, was later withdrawn when found contrary to treaties. April 4th: Law for the restoration of the regular Civil Service: "Par. 1-(1) For the restoration of a nationally minded Regular Civil Ser- vice-there may be dismissed those who come under the following rules, even if, according to the general laws valid at present there is no basis for such action. "Par. 3-(1) Civil servants of non- Aryan origin must retire; as regards the honorary officials they must be dis- missed. aber 15, 1933 The JEWISH UNITY Page Hitler's Day by Day Record of Persecutions of the Jews By JOEL BERNE The JEWISH UNITY "(2) The above section does not ap- ply to officials who were already em- ployed as officers of the civil service on the 1st day of August, 1914, or who during the Great War fought at the front for Germany or her allies, or who lost their fathers or sons in the War. Further exceptions may be granted by the Minister of Interior, in cooperation with the competent heads of specific Ministeries or by the States' authorities: regarding civil servants working abroad." "Par. 1-(4) The Federal Railways Company and the Reichsbank are author- ized to make arrangements in conform- ity with these rules." April 7th: First decree with reference to the law for restoration of regular civil service: Referring to Paragraph 3 of the law, the decree says: "1. Non-Aryan descent means de- scent from non-Aryan and especially Jewish, parents or grandparents, even though only one of the parents or grandparents was of the Jewish reli- gion. "2. If a civil servant was not already a civil servant on the 1st of August 1914, he must prove that he is of Aryan Descent, or that he fought at the Front in the War, or that he is the son of the father of a man killed during the War. "3. If the Aryan'descent is doubtful. an opinion must be requested from the authority on race questions (Sachver- staendiger fuer Rasseforschung) of the Ministry of the Interior." April 7th: Schechita prohibited throughout Germany. April 7th: The withdrawal of the un- paid subsidies of the past fiscal year to Jewish religious and charity organiza- tions ordered by Minister of Finance. April 8th: All Jews forbidden to ma- triculate in Bavarian universities. April 8th: Jews barred from Leipzig University for a period of ten terms. April 8th: Jews ousted from public offices, including schools, hospitals and large number of industries and banks which are controlled by the state. April 10th: Law regarding admittance to legal profession: "Par. 1. The admission of lawyers, who are non-Aryans within the mean- ing of the law for the restoration of regular civil service may be cancelled until the 30th of September, 1933. This rule may not be applied to lawyers al- ready admitted before the 1st of Au- gust, 1914, or who, during the Great War fought at the front for Germany or her allies or who lost their fathers or sons in the war. "Par. 2. Admission to the Lawyers' Corporation may be refused to lawyers who are not of Aryan descent in the sense of the Law for the Restoration of the Regular Civil Service-even if there exists none of the reasons enumerated in the Regulations for Lawyers. "The same rule must be observed in cases where a lawyer wishes to be ad- mitted to another court." April 10th: Law ordering "new elec- tions of grand and petit jurors to take place immediately. New commercial judges to be appointed before July 1, 1933." April 13th: Bavarian Minister of Jus- tice issued decree declaring "grand and petit jurors who are of Jewish descent shall no longer be permitted to attend sessions of the grand juries and crim- inal courts. They shall be replaced by assistant jurors who are not disquali- fied on these grounds. "Until the appointment of new com- mercial judges, the following shall ap- ply: Commercial judges who are of Jewish descent shall no longer be per- mitted to serve. The President of the State Court shall appoint in their place another commercial judge of the same or another chamber." April 13th: Wholesale ouster of lead- ing Jewish professors, including Nobel prize winners, is fully launched. April 21st: Post office authorities and National Telegraphic Company refuse to accept messages to persons with ob- viously Jewish names until names are re-spelled to eliminate vestige of Semitic origin. April 21st: Telephone directory de- mands phonetic spelling of all Jewish names. April 24th: All schools closed until May 2nd, to permit the Hitlerization of teachers, curriculum and books. April 24th: Law concerning the ad- mission to Patent Lawyers' Association. "Par. 1. Patent lawyers who are within the meaning of the Law for the Restoration of the Regular Civil Service non-Aryans may be struck off the roll of the patent lawyers on file with the Patent Office. "This does not apply to patent law- yers whose names were on the roll of the first of August, 1914, or to those who fought during the war at the front for Germany or her allies, or who have lost fathers or sons in the war. "Par. 2. The admission to the exam- inations referred to in par. 4 of the law referring to patent lawyers and their inscription on the roll of patent lawyers may be refused to individuals who are non-Aryans in the sense of the law for the Restoration of the Civil Service." April 25th: Law establishing numer- ous clauses in schools, colleges and uni- September 15, 1933 versities: It stipulates: "The number of non-Aryan Germans, within the mean- ing of the Law for the Restoration of the Regular Civil Service, who may be admitted to Schools, Colleges and Uni- versities, must not exceed a number pro- portionate to the Aryan students in each school, college or university as the total number of non-Aryans in Germany is the total population of )Germany. This proportion is fixed uniformly for the whole of the German Empire at 1.5%. If in certain schools the number of non- Aryan students has, in accordance with law, to be reduced, the proportion of non-Aryans may be 5%. "These rules do not apply in cases of non-Aryans whose fathers have fought during the War at the Front for Ger- many or her Allies or to children whose parents were married before the adop- tion of this law if the father or mother or two of the grandparents are of Ar- yan origin. The number of these stu- dents may not be included when calcu- lating the quota of the non-Aryans." Children of East European Jews who entered the country after August 1, 1914, are to be entirely barred. April 25th: Law ordering the unem- ployment of Jewish physicians in Health Insurance service, from which a large proportion of physicians derive a major portion of their income. The law de- clares: "Article 1. The work of panel doc- tors of non-Aryan descent must cease. Further admission of such physicians as panel doctors in the national health in- surance service is forbidden. "Article 2. The registration is per- mitted only if the physician is of Ger- man nationality and is of Aryan descent. Non-Aryan descent does not cancel a doctor's registration if that doctor has done military service during the war on the side of Germany or her allies, or if his father or sons have fallen in the war. "Par. 8 of the law stipulates that to the petition for registration as a panel doctor there must be attached: "a. Birth certificate and certificate proving that the petitioner as well as his parents and grandparents are of Ar- yan descent. "b. For physicians of non-Aryan de- scent the father or sons of whom have fallen in the war, authenticated proof of the fact. "c. For physicians of non-Aryan de- scent who have taken part in the war, proof that they fought at the front or rendered medical service at the front or in an isolation hospital. - "Par. 27: The associations of panel doctors on the first of July, 1933, must Page Sixteen September 15, 1933 proclaim as cancelled the admission of all physicians who are not capable of being admitted in conformity with the new rules. This need not be applied to physicians who practiced before the first of August, 1914, providing they have not shown any Communist sympathies." April 25: Jews ordered expelled from Universities of Berlin and Dresden. April 26th: Expulsion of holders of Nansen passports decreed. April 26th: Jews barred from Ger- man sports organizations. April 30th: Certificates issued to Ar- yan clients in Baden by Jewish physi- cians no longer to be honored for offi- cial records. May 4th: Second decree on law for Restoration of Regular Civil Service: "Par. 3. Service contracts of persons of non-Aryan descent must be annulled within one month, effective at the end of the following month." May 4th: Decree declaring that no firm may have more than 3% Jews in its employ. May 4th: Race Bureau in Dortmund ordered to gather racial statistics and to help administer the laws against per- sons of alien race in public employment and the like. May 5th: Famous Mosse publishing firm, publishers of "Berliner Tageblatt," forced to give up paper to Nazis and turn over earnings of past fifteen years to establish fund for war veterans. May 6th: Decree ordering the retire- ment of officials of non-Aryan descent to whom exceptions in the law do not apply. May 8th: Jews excluded from tennis. May 9th: Minister of Interior Frick lays down principles of educational pol- icy for German schools, ordering empha- sis on teachings of history and race science. "Race science," he ruled, "will receive adequate attention in all grades of the schools in order that the pupil may become well acquainted with the fundamental qualities of the most im- portant races and in order that his eye for independent observation of racial differences may be sharpened." May 11th: Jews ordered dismissed from editorial and managerial positions on staff of Ullstein Company, one of the largest publishing firms in Germany. May 12th: Law forbidding the es- tablishment of new retail stores or the enlargement of existing retail stores, specifically aimed at Jews thrown out of professional life and seeking new ave- nues of livelihood in this manner. May 14th: Offices of Bavarian Jewish societies and private residences of of- ficers searched; funds and property confiscated. The JEWISH UNITY May 15th: Law prohibiting Jews from inheriting ldnd. According to Article 2 of the law: "Only a German citizen of German blood can inherit land as a farmer. "German blooded is he who has neith- er Jewish nor colored blood within four generations. "Future marriages with persons of non-German blood deprive an heir ap- parent of his legacy." June 2nd: Marriage doles of 1,000 marks granted, but Jews were excluded. June 9th: Germans ordered to re- port all property abroad exceeding 1,000 marks. Penalty for failure to do so is loss of civil rights. June 21st: Bachelors, including Jews, were ordered to pay tax to aid marriage dole from which Jews are not permitted to benefit. June 27th: Jews excluded from the German labor front of wage earners formed by the government. June 29th: Federal Minister of In- terior Frick proposed the sterilization of the Jews. June 30th: At ten o'clock curfew hour was set for Jews in the town of Tilsit, East Prussia. July 1st: The Minister of Interior dissolved all branches of the Central Union of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith in Thuringia. July 1st: Up to this date 60,000 Jew- ish physicians were expelled from sick funds. July 6th: Jews prohibited from be- ing life savers in Breslau. July 9th: Chancellor Hitler declared all political parties dead forever. July 9th: None but Aryans and Nazis permitted to join Greater German Chess Association. July 12th: All Jewish relief funds were confiscated by the authorities. July 13th: Jews excluded from all mercantile and retail fronts by a new decree ordering employees to make a declaration of their non-Jewish descent. This was preliminary to the formation of a huge government labor front, mem- bership within which is essential in or- der to get jobs. July 14th: Declaration that there ex- ists in Germany only one political party, namely the National Socialist Labor party, and imposing a penalty of six months to three years' imprisonment for the organization of a new political party. July 14th: 180 families of East Eu- ropean Jews expelled from Germany by order of the Breslau municipality for no other reason than that they are Jews. July 17th: Decree declaring that only Germans, i. e., Aryans, may make movies Page Seventeen and Jews ordered ousted from all phases of movie industry. July 18th: Riech minister declares that marriage subsidies cannot be spent in Jewish shops. July 18th: Citizenship law was issued declaring citizenship by birth nullified and rendering citizenship only open to Nazis and members of the Labor front. July 22nd: Minister of Justice Frank declared all Jews would be thrown out of the practice of law. July 22nd: Prussian Premier Wil- helm Goering issued a decree invoking the death penalty for the dissemination of so-called "atrocity propaganda," even though the truth. July 26th: Sale of grain or cattle to Jewish dealers prohibited. July 26th: Official order of Minis- try of Education announces that all Jew- ish lecturers throughout the Reich will automatically be dismissed for the term 1933-34. July 29th: Citizenship was withdrawn from all East European Jews. August 1st: By a new decree such Jewish physicians as were permitted to practice under the civil service law are forbidden to consult with non-Jewish physicians or to make recommendations to them. August 1st: Jewish firms were barred from participation in style show. August 3rd: The Association of Ger- man Chemists expelled all Jews. August 3rd: All Jewish student homes in Wurzburg, Bavaria, occupied by Nazi troops, confiscated and appropriated for the use of the troops, while the Jewish Student Association was ordered dis- solved. August 3rd: German girls prohibited from keeping the company of Jews un- der threat of punishment. August 5th: Jewish architects barred from membership in the Association of German Architects. August 7th: The municipality of Ba- den announced that no Jews will be ad- mitted to citizenship; no Jew, no de- scendants of Jews and no person mar- ried to a Jew will be able to obtain cit- izenship. August 7th: Jews ordered to leave towns in Nuremberg area. August 7th: Municipality of Debern- dorf in Nuremberg prohibits members of community from trading with Jews; Jews forbidden to use public baths and swimming pools. August 8th: New ordinance amends Civil Service law and permits only such Jewish physicians to remain in practice (Please turn to page 19) Page Eighteen The JEWISH UNITY September 15, 1938 Anti-Semitism and How to Meet It By RABBI MORRIS LICHTENSTEIN Leader of Jewish Science THE recent events in Germany have astounded the world. They have hor- rified the humane portion of humanity, not only because of their heartlessness and savagery, but also because they are a menace to the very foundation of civilization. When persecutions against the Jewish people were rife during the Middle Ages, the more enlightened cher- ished the hope that when mankind shall have outgrown its ignorance, its bar- barism, its superstition, the unspeak- able attacks upon the Jewish people will cease. These Middle Ages were, after all, enveloped in deep darkness and re- ligious fanaticism. Centuries later, at the end of the nineteenth and the be- ginning of the twentieth, when pogroms and oppression were the lot of the Jews in Russia and Roumania, it was still felt by the rest of the world that such a tragic situation could obtain only in semi-civilized nations and must resolve itself when the sun of enlightenment and knowledge would rise above the horizon. But now that this savage per- secution is taking place in a land of supposed culture and enlightenment, now that this rabid anti-Semitism is raging in a land that boasts of its high contri- butions to civilization, the human mind that seeks anchor for its hope in the future, stands altogether abashed, it is altogether overcome. We see now that anti-Semitism does not necessarily take its roots in ignor- ance, nor that it makes its exodus with the incoming of enlightenment. We must, therefore, in endeavoring to understand the phenomenon of anti-Semitism, search for another cause or causes, perhaps deeper causes, to account for its incep- tion and persistence. Some have attributed the rise of anti- Semitism to the spread of Christianity, believing particularly that the story of Christ and of his crucifixion, as it has been transmitted among the ignorant, from generation to generation, has sowed the seeds of hatred for the Jew. Un- doubtedly, the anti-Jewish stories con- tained in the New Testament, and taught at the most impressionable age, have nurtured an inimical attitude towards the Jew; undoubtedly, the opposition ex- pressed by the early Christians to cer- tain Jewish classes, has been sustained through subsequent centuries, and deep- ened the antagonism against the Jew Nevertheless, we believe it would be an error to identify th beginning of Jew- ish suffering with the birth of Chris- tianity. For we find that the Romans, too, have harbored hatred against the Jew, and the story of Esther tells us in very dramatic terms that even in an- cient Persia the Jew was not free from persecution. T IS the Talmud, we find, that has the clearest understanding of the processes underlying the phenomenon of anti-Sem- itism. The Talmud says "that at the moment when Israel stood before Mount Sinai to receive the Ten Commandments, hatred to Israel was born." This means that from the hour the people of Israel were formed into a distinct spiritual group, from the hour they pledged them- selves to become witnesses to the one God, standard bearers of a high moral- ity, and at the same time to relinquish all the taints and impurities and super- stitions of the other nations, from that hour, the prejudice of the nations was stirred up against them. It is the selec- tion of Israel that has made all other nations its enemy. As Israel grew into a people that adhered to its own distinc- tive laws, divinely ordained for them, refusing to yield in matters of religion to any other people on earth, the nations of the earth found them a stiff-necked people and different from themselves; hence they became, and particularly dur- ing the Diaspora, when they no longer had a land of their own to bulwark them, the object of intense hatred and persecution. But the more it was de- spised and segregated by the nations, the more did Israel grow strong within its own sphere; the more the others cast him down, the greater was the unity formed within its own ranks. Through these adhesive forces within, the Jew has survived; indeed, with many sacri- fices and many wounds, but it has sur- vived. In recent times, the more civilized na- tions of the world began to bethink themselves of the injustice of religious persecution, and slowly but surely came to the realization that from any angle there was no justification for their cruel segregation of the Jew. And in accord- ance with their new conviction, they demolished the walls of the Ghetto and offered the Jew equal political rights. The Jew opened his eyes and thanked God for the new freedom; he saw a new horizon, promising hope; he beheld a new sky with no black clouds to mar its light. But his hopes were not altogether justified; for while the religious preju- dice actually abated, while the religious ceremonies of Judaism were no longer mocked at, and the freedom of faith and worship was justly granted, yet the discrimination which had been fostered and accumulated through many centuries, still persisted and they still persist to- day. They are no longer called religious prejudices; they have taken on different airs and different forms. T THIS moment we are particularly interested in the course that anti- Semitism has taken in German. Germany has the distinction of always having been the hotbed of modern anti-Semitism. Germany is a scientific nation, and there- fore everything that Germany does, right or wrong, must have a scientific flavor. As far back as the early part of the nine- teenth century we find certain German so-to-speak scholars pointing the way to a scientific foundation for anti-Semitism. They discovered, it seems, that the Semite. is much inferior to the Teuton, and that a juncture of the Semitic mind with that of the Teuton would prove disastrous to the latter, and that the participation of the Semitic people in the affairs of the Teutonic race would degrade the Teuton. Here you have a scientific basis for prejudice and discrimination against the Jew! Hitler has gained ascendancy in Germany chiefly through his propagan- da hammering on the inferiority of the Jew and the superiority of the Teuton. But it appears that even Hitler cannot explain why an inferior people, consti- tuting less than one per cent of the pop- ulation, should show such a predominance in every field of intellectual and artistic endeavor. He cannot explain why the greatest of German jurists, the leading physicians of the land, its greatestmu- sicians and professors and inventors, its kings of industry and commerce, should all be Jews, members of that inferior race. But it is not our purpose at this mo- ment to point out the absurdities and stupidities of these prejudiced people, ours is rather to see what we can and (Please turn to page 20) go' v! September 15, 1933 The JEWISH UNITY Page Nineteen HITLER'S DAY BY DAY RECORD (Continued from page 17) in sick benefit posts as served at the front during the World War. August 9th: Jewish firm of Tietz or- dered to dismiss 8,000 Jewish employees. August 9th: The Prussian Ministry of Interior decreed that only Aryans may be officials of Prussian communes and ordered the antecedents of applicants and that of their wives investigated. August 9th: Jewish dentists barred from treating patients under the gov- ernment's health insurance scheme. August 10th: Burgomaster of Ober- rossback, Nnterrossback and Limbach, forbids Jews to enter towns without spe- cial permission. August 10th: Jews ordered to leave town of Norderny, a summer resort. . August 14th: Foreign Jewish papers barred from Germany. August 16th: Rule established that Jews may not plead in courts or serve as executors. August 16th: Boycott of German films in the making of which Jews assisted, announced. August 17th: Berlin court rules Jews doing business in Germany act at their own risk. August 20th: Jews warned against using public baths in Lauf, Upper Fran- conion Town. August 22nd: Municipality of Gross Groebach bars Jews. August 22nd: State commissar orders Jews barred from Wannsee, Germany's largest bathing resort. August 22nd: Public telephones or- dered removed from drug stores and other places of business owned by Jews. August 22nd: German exhibitors warned against showing films in which Jews or other "aliens" take part. August 23rd: Three Franconian vil- lages prohibit Jews from entering. August 23rd: New Reich order calls for documentary proof that all salaried public officials and honorary officers of the government and their wives are of Aryan descent. August 24th: The Prussian Minister of Interior, in an official communique, withdrew citizenship from Lion Feucht- wanger, distinguished novelist; Dr. Bern- hard Weiss, former vice-president of the Berlin Police Department, and Dr. Georg Bernhard, noted journalist, and for many years editor of the "Vossische Zeitung." August 24th: The German govern- ment officially forbade the Maccabee team from proceeding to Prague to par- ticipate in World Maccabiade. ARE YOU PROUD TO BE AJEW! "What a foolish question!" you exclaim. But, consider a moment. What do you know of current Jewish events? What do you know of Judaism? Make Sure that You Know! See that you get The Jewish Unity in your home every month, because it brings to you -articles and stories by well-known authors, rab- bis, educators and lay- men, representing the best in modern Jewish thought. Informative Edl ucat -and other features that will appeal to every mem- ber of the family who want the best to be had in a Jewish magazine. ional Dignified SUBSCRIBE NOW! - Fill Out and Mail This Coupon Today! THE JEWISH UNITY 701 Professional Building MIAMI, FLORIDA Enter my subscription to your Magazine for One Year. Enclosed find $1.50 (check or cash) for same. NAME ADDRESS DATE CITY STATE r 7 I Page Twenty The JEWISH UNITY September 15, 1933 ANTI-SEMITISM (Continued from page 18) should do to counteract anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism is one of the remnants o- old savagery. It has its roots in in- stincts from which humanity has long been endeavoring to emancipate itself. It can only be identified with the brute stages of mankind. Why should men hate one another? Why should races harbor bitterness one against the other? Why should some of the children of God be so presumptuous and so tyrannical in their dealings with their brothers? There is no answer to these questions, except that the brute has survived in some natures and is seeking for human blood to satiate its beastly appetite. N OW, what is the Jew to do when anti-Semitism breaks out in one land or another? The Jew must learn to do something which he has never learned to do before, and that is, stand his ground and defend himself. Until today our people, at least the large majority of them, in the presence of anti-Semitism. suffered silently; a very small minority in cowardly manner, simply left their ranks and surrendered their Judaism. But this did not solve the problem at all. On the contrary, it aggravated it; it gave. courage to the enemy to persecute with more vigor. We number many millions, everywhere wide-awake, and with these we should be able to form some defense against outrage and per- secution. Such a defense cannot, nat- urally, consist of physical force, but it can consist of everything else that is in our power, and with these we can combat atrocities against our people. Our first aim must always be to strike at the root of anti-Semitism. Wher- ever we see it growing, we must do our best to prevent its advance; we must crush it in the bud. Let me illustrate what I mean. The Jews in Germany to- day surely deserve all the help and co- operation that .we can possibly give them. Yet let me say that the Jews of Germany have in the past overlooked something very vital, which, we believe, would have prevented their present plight. Hitler has been propagating his intense anti-Semitism for more than a decade, and the Jews of Germany have done altogether too little to counteract his wild agitation. The youth of Ger- many has been brought up on anti-Sem- itism, it has been fed on it from sunrise to sunset, and yet we have not heard of any attempt on the part of the Ger- man Jews to expose Hitler's false accu- sations, to disprove his wild and pre- posterous claims, at least to present the other side before the public mind of Germany. Silence is sometimes a vir- tue, but sometimes it is a gross error. It is a virtue when it prevents its owner from maligning or slandering a fellow man, but it is an unpardonable mistake when it keeps one back from necessary self-defense. To the general public, si- lence is sometimes a confession of guilt it strengthens the hand of the false ac- cuser. During the period of its plant- ing the Jew can do a great deal to stop the growth of bitterness against him. He must not be satisfied with the thought that no decent man would credit that type of propaganda, or that the age of Mediaevalism is past. Yes, perhaps it is, but sometimes there is a recrudescence of that foul disease. O WE say that the Jewish people must learn to fight anti-Semitism in its budding state. For every anti-Jewish article that appears, carrying its ma- licious intent of defaming our race, there must appear another or others, expos- ing its falsehoods and its evil intent. For every pamphlet, for every booklet published with the purpose of casting reflection upon the patriotism, the cour- age, the honor of the Jew, there must be others published to prove the malice and falsity of those charges. When a novel appears which portrays the character of the Jew in unjust or bitter or mock- ing terms, there must be vigorous criti- cism, and a strong attempt on the part BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR City of Miami, Florida E. G. Sewell, Mayor CITY COMMISSIONERS A. D. H. Fossey Harry E. Platt C. H. Reeder Orville Rigby L. L. Lee, City Manager T I=I-I- H :I::I: II- tII : l: :I III 1 -1 1.. ...--' --- I- F- I- 1 F : :I I 1 II I 111I1111133311!3 i-t 1++++++++++ 1ITII-I- 11 1 --111 I 1 -1 1- 111z I 111 + I II -11 11 114+1+ 1 11!!-1t 3111111111I -A A Happy New Year To All Miami Roofing and Sheet Metal Works BARRETT BONDED ROOFS JOHNS MANVILLE ROOFS S127-29 N. W. Fifth St. Phone 2-7141 ABE KOHN W. E. DWARS 11+ A11111 1 -14i 31 +++1 +++.... ++++.1-+1++I 1 14411-1 1111 T i1311 1- 1-+ 1311!4 I 1 1 1-4.?1 t I .:1-4 ....1- -1- ...1-1- The JEWISH UNITY of the Jewish critics to teach the read- ing world the faithful and finer aspects of Jewish life. This is what we mean by self-defense; for people read, and they are influenced by what they read, and they act in accordance with the in- fluences which they thus imbibe. And just as every human mind is susceptible to falsehood and to prejudice and to hatred, so is it even more susceptible to truth and to sympathy and to kind- ness; but these human tendencies must be appealed to in order to bring them into action. By overlooking these, we give evil a full opportunity to develop and to prosper. Self-defense, therefore, against anti- Semitic propaganda is an absolute neces- sity. In the past few months, we have learned of two other great weapons with which to fight our battle. We have learned, in the first place, that lib- eral humanity, the kinder, the more hu- mane nations are unsympathetic to the outrages of anti-Semitism. As each na- tion is dependent upon the good will of other nations, we must appeal to the liberal minded nations to use their in- fluence to put a stop to those deeply (Please turn to page 24) Sincere Good Wishes for a Happy New Year SHELDON DUBLER Extending You The Season's Greetings SEARS ROEBUCK AND CO. 1, Miami, Florida r A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL RED CROSS DRUG DEPARTMENT STORE "AMERICA'S LARGEST" ^ -J WISHING YOU A HAPPY NEW YEAR Piggly Wiggly "A LOCAL INSTITUTION" Sincerest Good Wishes for a Happy New Year Burdine's WE DO OUR PART Miami's Largest Exclusive Tire Store General Tire Co. OF MIAMI 824 Biscayne Blvd. Thru to N. E. 2nd Ave. Phone 3-2661 BEST WISHES FOR A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR September 15, 1933 Page Twenty-One The JEWISH UNITY The Major Problem Of Jewry A NEW YEAR MESSAGE By ABRAHAM HERMAN President of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (Hias) HE year 5693 began somewhat inau- spiciously and we all believed that tines would be changing for the better. We hbped that the days of distress with itP unemployment and accompanying suffering would soon give way to re newed prosperity and work for all. The clouds, it seemed to us, were lifting and we dreamed of the sun piercing through the blackness of the sky. Then sudden- ly, there came a thunderbolt from the blue. German Jewry, which for cen- turies had not tasted the bitterness of persecution and which was prosperous, never seeking the aid of fellow Jews in other parts of the world, was stricken as Jewry was never stricken before. 600,000 Jews who by their efforts had helped to make the German Empire rich and mighty, who had given the best that was within them for the wel- fare of what was their Fatherland, be- came the objects of virulent hatred and violent oppression unequaled since the days of Torquamada. At first, there w4s the thought that conditions in Ger- many as far as Jews are concerned wbuld only be of a temporary nature. But it soon became evident that the Nazis were determined to crush these 6d0,000 of our people, body and soul. Thousands and thousands fled leaving everything behind them and the lives of those who remained are made so mis- erable, are so persecuted, there is no other outlook but that of emigrating as well. What happened in Germany in 1933 is almost a repetition of the events that transpired in Czarist Russia fifty years ago, resulting then in the Jew having to grasp the wanderer's staff and set- ting forth in search of a resting place for his weary head and tired feet. W ORLD Jewry has protested, prayed and fasted and paraded. But all these manifestations of grief and of an- ger and of outraged humanity offer no permanent solution to the problem. Of course, there has been immediate relief. The destitute and the hungry and the homeless are being taken care of, for the time being. But what of permanent relief? Whilst we of the Hebrew Shel- tering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) are rendering immediate help to the Jewish refugees from Germany we viewed this entire question from a larger and wider aspect. We at once realized that this was a question of mi- gration and we set about putting our machinery in the foreign countries to .work with that purpose in view. We did not assume this attitude because of any panicky condition or arising out of a hysteria as a result of the terrific blow that has been dealt to German Jewry. We arrived at this conclusion out of our experiences gained during half a century of functioning. It is be- coming evident now that our viewpoint was the correct one. There seems to be no safety for the Jew in Europe with the exception of a few favored countries. We have pointed this out for many years now. We have called attention to the condition of world Jewry and have reasoned and argued that world Jewry be on the alert September 15, 1933 and prepare so that whenever the oc- casion arises Jewry should be ready. The past year has fully substantiated this viewpoint. W E ARE not writing this in a spirit of pessimism or out of the heavi- ness of our hearts. We are pointing the lesson that has been learned at so terri- fic a cost. We do not want American Jewry to lull itself into a false security or to be buoyed up by hopes that may be shattered. We of the Hebrew Shel- tering and Immigrant Aid Society say emigration constitutes the greatest prob- lem Jewry has to meet. The reports we have received during the past year not only of the German situation but of J/ HAPPY NEW YEAR J. L. Reed & Son Florida and Palm Avenues Phone 2259 Tampa, Fla. PIGGLY WIGGLY STORES of Tampa-St. Petersburg-Sarasota-Winter Haven-Clearwater WISH YOU ALL A HAPPY NEW YEAR Where the discriminating Housekeeper Shops TAMPA BRADENTON FT. MYERS CLEAR WATER ORLANDO v WINTER HAVEN WINTER PARK Wish Their Many Friends A HAPPY NEW YEAR r Sholem THESE High Holidays are a Time for Higher Resolves, the turning point of the Year. We Trust that the Year 5694 will advance the chimerical ideals of Peace and Brotherhood which in turn bring about a greater measure of universal J happiness. This is our sincere wish to our Jewish Friends Tampa Electric Company ^- j Page Twenty-Two September 15, 1933 T h e JEW ISH UNITY Page Twenty-Three conditions generally, convince us more Compliments of the Season to Our and more that this issue will have to A HAPPY NEW YEAR Friends and Patrons be met and not in a haphazard manner GEO. L. DIXON CO. but constructively and on the lines of continuity. We feel that there are yet SHELL'S GROCERY Hotel and Restaurant Equipment countries in the world, wherein the op- 1235 S. W. 8th St. 1100 N. E. 2nd Ave. Phone 2-6751 pressed and persecuted of our people can live securely and happily. It is a matter of planning, it is a matter of WISHING YOU A HAPPY negotiations and of directing the stream NEW YEAR of migration. Reviewing the events of the past year The Management of JUDGE A. B. SMALL from a Jewish point of view the He- brew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid So- WILLIAM PENN HOTEL city once again sounds a note of warn- ing. We cannot be like the ostrich who Miami Beach Sincere Good Wishes for a buries his head in the sand and then SEND GREETINGS TO THEIR Happy and Prosperous New Year imagines that he cannot be attacked. MANY FRIENDS VICTORIA HOSPITAL Israel is assailed and the persecutor's lash beats the Jewish body mercilessly. 925 N. W. 3rd Street Let us all work together, let us plan together so that in the year that is dawning, plans will be laid for bringing SEASON'S GREETINGS! permanent relief to those of our people who must wander and for whom new JARRETT COFFEE CO. homes must be found. HAPPY NEW YEAR 507 N. W. Miami Court. Ph. 2-2174 Best Wishes for a Happy and Prosperous New Year Loftin, Stokes & Calkins Ingraham Building GREETINGS! J. N. LUMMUS, Jr. HAPPY NEW YEAR Faunce's Ice Cream Co. 1631 W. Flagler Street 1819 Biscayne Blvd. Roman Pools Bldg., Miami Beach GREETINGS! lorida Linen Supply 1403 N. W. 7th Court BEST WISHES FOR TE , NEW YEA * CLYDE CLEAN RS 1036 Biscayne Blvd. Phone 2-8265 May the New Year bring you Peace and Happiness, Health and Prosperity Butler's Shoe Stores Miami, Jacksonville, Tampa, Orlando, West Palm Beach BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR May it bring to you and your family health happiness, peace and prosperity. May it see your hopes fulfilled and may it be rich in the successful accomplishment of your highest aims. SHAW BROS. OF FLORIDA, INC. DISTRIBUTOR Gasoline Murrat Tires Batteries Stations All Over Miami SEABURY & CO. Investment Securities Phone 26726 112 Shoreland Arcade May the solemnity and Spirituality of the Holidays strengthen all Friendship HARRY M. SMOKER "PACKARD SERVICE" Complete Garage Facilities 340 N. E. 13TH ST. Phone 2-6783 IT IS A PRIVILEGE.... To Extend To You Our Sincere Wishes for STHE NEW YEAR TH E KEYE lDM PANY Real Estate Management Rentals 13 W. Flagler Street, Ground Floor Phone 2-7671 Branch Office: Washington at 5th St. Phone 5-1906 The JEWISH UNITY ANTI-SEMITISM (Continued from page 21) anti-human acts. The minds of the more civilized nations, that rebel against acts of injustice, the conscience of the more kindly nations, that feels outraged against acts of unrighteousness and mer- cilessness, must be appealed to interfere with anti-Semitic cruelty and rapacity. Anti-Semitism is no longer an outrage solely against the Jew, it is an outrage against humanity, and let humanity join us in battling against it. W E HAVE also learned recently that iV in its battle against anti-Semitism, the Jew possesses a great power of which he has not been con- scious hitherto. Every country to- day must seek an international market for the surplus of its national production. The Jew, we know, occu- pies a prominent position among the merchants of the world; the Jewish peo- ple of other lands, therefore, can use its great purchasing power against the anti- Semitic nation. Under the present cir- cumstances, a boycott against German products is decidedly effective and le- gitimate. It will give German anti- Semites a little taste of what it means to have one's livelihood taken away. A boycott of revenge we would surely op- pose, the Jews have never been desirous of vengeance; but a boycott by means of which the enemy may be brought to his senses, a boycott the object of which is self-defense, is surely in place now and must be encouraged and supported. An anti-Semite nation must learn that by oppressing the Jew, she indirectly and directly also hurts herself. The Jew, until now, has been silent under persecution. Yes, he did indeed invoke divine aid, but beyond that he did naught. We, too, invoke divine help at every step, but we realize that God himself desires man to do his share. God, we realize, desires man to do his share of labor in his daily life; He desires man to do his share in finding his sus- tenance; and He desires man to do his share in self-defense. We must be ready to do our share and God will help us; for He has always fought on the side of justice and righteousness, He has always fought in defense of His people, Israel. RECOMMENDED SERVICE SA Classified Business Directory for Readers of The Jewish Unity irlS I1111S11SS11l1S1l1ll1111111lS1l1111l11S 11l111S 11S11S11S11 SSSSSSS1 ll ssslmslslsslsil Slll Sllllill llll nllIIl llli Sll lil~iS1111111l111S111 l11 S1 lil ABSTRACTS FLORIDA-DADE TITLE CORPORATION--'Title plants with 48 years of service." Abstracts and Title Insurance. 24 hour service. Entire third Floor Security Bldg. GUARANTY TITLE & ABSTRACT CORP.-Ab- stracts, Title Insurance, Escrows. Second Floor Security. Bldg., Don Peabody, President. Phone 25181. AUTO PARTS SIMPLEX PISTON RINGS-Panther rings by Simplex. Piston Pins, Pins fitted, Rods aligned. All jobs guaranteed. 722 Laura St., Jackson- ville, Fla., Phone 5-0629. AUTO REPAIRS GENERAL REPAIRING All makes of cars. Guaranteed workmanship. Also Storage, Wash- ing, Polishing and Greasing. Very reasonable. Becks Garage. 804 1st St., Miami Beach, Fla. Phone 51422. BAKERS FRESH 4 TIMES DAILY-Vienna Rolls, genuine Jewish Rye and Pumpernickle. August Bros. Bakery, 361 S. W. 8th St. Delivery Service. Phone 29435. GROCERIES es-s. 12.35 S. W. 8th St. HOTEL & RESTAURANT SUPPLIES WE CAN SUPPLY your every need. Geo. L. Dixon Company, 1100 N. E. 2nd Ave Phone 26751. PIANO TUNING ALL MAKES OF PIANOS tuned and repaired. 30 years' factory work. Shop completely equipped. W. Hehr, 1759 N. W. 1st St. Phone 21837. PRINTING KOHN PRINTING COMPANY Everything in Printing. 701 Professional Bldg. Phone 23522. RADIO REPAIRS RADIO REPAIR & ADJiTMENT SERVICE- Free inspection. Best eqipped shop in Flor- ida. 17 years in business fin Miami. Accurate work, minimum cost. 388 N. W. 7th Ave. Phone 25055. REFRIGERATION ELECTROLUX-The air-cooled Gas Refrigerator. No moving parts, lowest operating cost. Ut- ter permanent silence. Gas Appliances, Inc. 1601 N. E. 2nd Ave.. Phone 25233. ROOFING MIAMI ROOFING AND SHEET METAL WORKS. Barrett Bonded Roofs. Johns-Manville Roofs. 127-129 N. W. Fifth St. Phone 2-7141. RUBBER STAMPS J. H. MALLETT 111 W. Ashley Street Phone 5-4836 Jacksonville, Fla. TRANSFER & STORAGE JOHN E. WITHERS TRANSFER & STORAGE Co., Inc. Two fireproof constructed ware- houses. Custom bonded. 1000 N. E. 1st Ave. Phone 8-2667. September 15, 1933 SINCERE GOOD WISHES ERNEST MAAS, Inc VP "Fashions in Good Taste" 511 Tampa St., Tampa, Fla. BEST WISHES FOR V THE NEW YEAR Tampa Stock Farms Dairy Tampa, Florida SEASONS GREETINGS HILLSBORO HOTEL Tampa, Florida THE POINSETTIA DAIRY TAMPA, FLA. EXTENDS V SINCERE WISHES for the NEW YEAR HAPPY NEW YEAR MAAS BROS. Tampa, Fla. May You Be Inscribed for a HAPPY YEAR FLORIDA MILK CO. Tampa Page Twenty-Four September 15, 1933 THE CHURCHES AND CRIME (Continued from page 11) the direction of more rigid laws and local ordinances, the problem of their adequate enforcement has not yet been solved. There can be no doubt of the right of the government to prevent the sale of unwholesome recreation just as it has the right to prevent the sale of unwholesome food. Questions involving morals, however, are hard to deal with, and the government faces serious per- plexities when it attempts to operate in this field. The indirect attack upon un- desirable amusements by providing rec- reational facilities of a wholesome kind seems in the long run to have been the most effective way of dealing with this difficult problem." Creating Intelligent Public Opinion Finally, the churches can focus their forces upon this great human problem of delinquency and crime in ourselves, in offenders causing social difficulties in our communities, in those appre- hended by the law, and in those con- victs incarcerated in institutions. When the churches really get excited about a problem, great social awakenings for good can occur. "The Church is a great educational institution," Rev. Worth M. Tippy of the Federal Council of the Churches, reminds us. Dr. Tippy con- tinues, "The Churches have a great press. We have between two and three million people who are subscribers for church FEMININE HYGIENE M ODERN women use Sanex products in the assurance that they are safe, non-ir- ritating antiseptics for fem- inine hygiene. Please-for your own sake-don't take chances. Sanex has three convenient forms - Powder, Jelle and Cones-all eco- nomical. AT RED CROSS DRUG DEPARTMENT STORE HAPPY NEW YEAR Phone 20565 The JEWISH UNITY papers. We have a great Sunday School organization, presumably about twenty- five million, with a couple of million people teaching. With all the imper- fections of the Sunday School, it is very significant thing. You remember down in the Indiana Reformatory, 65 percent had never been in a Sunday School . We also have our pulpits. We have probably 220,000 churches-Protestant, Catholic, and Hebrew, and we have 140,- 000 or 145,000 ministers, priests and rabbis in charge of congregations. That is a very great army." Yes, it is a great army, and the need is great, too. The problems involved, 1. An aroused conscience on the part of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews re- garding delinquency and crime. 2. Permanent community planning councils, with consideration for child and adult life in the light of causes and cure of crime, including a church club for every youth. 3. A committee in each local church and synagogue, (a) to study continuously the local delinquency and crime situation. (b) to cooperate with officers of the law, mental health clinics, and other social agencies. (c) to study conditions and methods in local jails and state prisons. (d) to heighten the degree of effec- tiveness of the churches in preventing delinquency and remedying crime. Crime is a stark problem facing Catholics, Jews, and Protestants mutual- ly. The current situation summons us to co-operate as citizens. Perhaps the most effective means will be to form local community study groups, in which thoughtful and earnest Catholic, Protes- tant, and Jewish citizens will share in- formation, methods, and enthusiasm. Possibly some joint action will ensue. In any case, American communities need some such instrument to collect moral energies like a great sunglass, and to focus the Catholic, Jewish and Protes- tant forces upon the causes and cures of delinquency. A Happy New Year Frank A. Logan, Co. First National Bank Bldg. TAX ADJUSTMENT MATTERS Page Twenty-Five HAPPY NEW YEAR Peacock Lumber & Supply Co., Inc. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIAL Hardware Sash and Doors COCONUT GROVE, FLA. Best Wishes For a Successful and Happy New Year ETHELDA M. BETTER Shenandoah Beauty Shoppe Phone 2-0412 1170 S. W. 17th Ave. ROSH HASHONAH GREETINGS to all our Friends Sunny South Paint Co. 801 N. Miami Ave. A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL Drink In Bottles Miami Coca Cola Bottling Co, Best Wishes for the New Year PEOPLE'S GAS CO. 637 Washington Avenue Miami Beach May the New Year Bring Life and Sustenance, Con- tentment and Peace HIALEAH BREWING COMPANY Hialeah, Fla. 131 Shoreland Arcade The JEWISH UNITY The City Finance Co. 234 N. E. First Street Extends Best Wishes for jhe New Year V HAPPY NEW YEAR Florida Sugar Distributors JACOB RUPPERT BEER Sincere Wishes for the New Year DAN HARDIE Sincere Good Wishes To All JAMES A. DUNN Compliments of the Season To Our Friends and Patrons H. H. TRICE & CO. Real Estate and Property Management 210 E. Flagler St. Phone 3-1758 SEASONS GREETINGS PACKARD MIAMI MOTORS, Inc. PACKARD HUDSON TERRAPLANE 1740 N. E. 2nd Ave. y COMPLIMENTS OF CURTISS Aero Car Company 306 Avenue Valencia CORAL GABLES, FLORIDA (Greater Miami) A REVIEW OF LIBERAL JUDAISM (Continued from page 14) Victor Emanuel Reichert National Federation of Temple Sister- hoods, objects to -the segregation of youth as a class apart. "We constantly hear of the youth problem," Dr. Sachar said, "youth being assailed as irreligious, or as restless, or as revolting against the traditional moral code, or as dominated by the crud- est materialism. But there is no such class apart. Youth does not live in a vacuum. Young people live in a society, they share its forces, they are molded by the currents which mold all men and women. If young people are in revolt against dogmatic religion it is because society in general is in such revolt. If young people seem to be swallowed up by a class materialism, it is because the environment in which they live is shot through with such a spirit." Particular mention should be made of the work of the Union with Jewish stu- dents at Universities. Regional Rabbis visited a number of colleges in the North Central, the South East and the North East regions of the country and made worthv4(hile contacts 'with the Jewish students in these institutions of learn- ing. MONG the new books issued by the Union during the past year, mention may be made of "Peace Stories for Little Children" by Dr. Abraham Cronbach; "The Unconquered" by Joseph Gaer; "Gilenu, The Play-Way to Hebrew" by Dr. Emanuel Gamoran and Abraham H. Friedland; and "The Jewish Peace Book" by Dr. Abraham Cronbach. The De- partment of Synagogue and School Ex- tension also began during the past year the publication of the "The Jewish September 15, 1933 Teacher," a Quarterly Magazine for Jewish Religious Schools. Other books of interest were "The Beloved Rabbi" by Max E. Berkowitz (the story of Rabbi Henry Berkowitz); Rabbi Marvin Nathan's "Attitude of Jewish Student in the Colleges and Uni- versities towards his Religion"; "Reli- gion and its Social Setting" by Abra- ham Cronbach; "History of the Mar- ranos" by Cecil Roth; "Josephus" by Lion Feucht-wanger. Thus viewed in rapid perspective, the Jewish year 5693 has been one of the most critical and trying in our whole history. We have passed through an ordeal of fire such as has rarely fallen to the lot of any people. German Jewry its head bloody, bears with unexampled courage the cruel lash of the frenzied oppressor. But world Israel is only spurred on the more to strengthen its defenses to meet the onslaughts of the foe without and the lassitude and in- difference within its own ranks. As the New Year, 5694, dawns, it may be said that soberer, more resolute and more united Israel marches on into Time strong in the will to carry forward the deathless hopes and ideals of Judaism! HAPPY NEW YEAR DR. M. R. MORRIS HAPPY NEW YEAR FRED PINE HAPPY NEW YEAR PACIFIC LUMBER & SUPPLY CO. / 1505 N. W. 1st Avenue Phone 3-2422 HAPPY NEW YEAR ROBBINS ROOFING and Sheet Metal Co., Inc. 222 N. W. 26th St. Responsible Roofers Since 1919 c, Phone 2-3705 Inspections and Estimates Free Page Twenty- Six September 15, 1933 The JEWISH UNITY Page Twenty-Seven Wishing You A, Happy New Year BECKWITT OPTICAL CO. S36 N. E. 1st Aye. CAMERON AWNING CO. 234 Alhambra Circle Coral Gables DOBSON & CO. S. W. 8th Ave. and 4th St. GULF STREAM ICE CO S2037 N. W. 7th Ave. HIPPODROME CIGAR STAND 7 N. E. 2nd Ave. THE HUB DRY GOODS 129 N. Miami Ave. SLeLIAN KRUMM 147 N. E. 1st St. MIAMI MULTIGRAPHING CO. 108 N. W. 1st Ave. MIAMI FURNITURE CO. 400 N. Miami Ave. NEHI BOTTLING WORKS 540 N. W. 24th St. J/PEPPS FISH CO. 65 N. W. 5th St. B. L. RIESNER, Inc. 59 N. W. 14th St. . THE SCHLAMP STUDIOS 2134 Biscayne Blvd. TOKIO ROOF GARDEN Chop Suey Chow Mein 272 West Flagler St. W. C. WATSON PARKMOOR GRILL 3100 N. W. 7th Ave. ROSEDALE DELICATESSEN 170 N. W. 5th St. FLORIDA BEER DISTRIBUTORS 456 W. Flagler St. O'NEAL BLOCK CO. 1338 N. W. 29th St. E. B. GLADSON 3017 Douglas Road /RADIANT OIL CO. 9 58 N. W. 73rd St. This picture, "My Father's Legacy," drawn by the well-known artist, Todros Zeller, is one of five lithographed drawings which appears in the new Art Calendar for 5694 published annually by the National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods. 1}Iersun (liretminge -A- MR. AND MRS. G. AUGUST extend New Year Greetings. -B- MR. HARRY BASS extends New Year Greetings. -C- DR. FRANK CORET extends New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. ISIDOR COHEN AND FAMILY extend New Year Greetings. -D- MR. AND MRS. JERRY C. DAYISSON extend New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. JULIUS DAMENSTEIN AND DAUGHTER - extend New Year Greetings. -E- MR. W. P. EAVENSON extends New Year Greetings. -F-- MR. AND MRS. ARTHUS FINNIESTON extend New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. J.lS:-rIELDS extend New Year .Greetings. DR. RAYMOND FISHER extends New Year Greetings. -G- MR. AND MRS. HARRY GORDON Extend New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. ROLAND W. GRANAT AND DAUGHTER extend New Year Greetings. -H- CARL HOFFMAN extends New Year Greetings. -K- MR. AND MRS ABE ,KOHN AND FAMILY extend New Year Greetings. -L- HYMAN LIEVER extends New Year Greetings. -o0- MR. HENRY L. OPPENBORN extend New Year Greetings. -P_ DR. J. W. PUFFER extends New Year Greetings. -R DR. AND MRS. A. E. ROSENTHAL AND CHILDREN extend New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. ABE RUBIN extend New Year Greetings. -S- MR. AND MRS. PETE SIMON extend New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. W. L. WILLIAMS extend New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. SAM WEISEL extend New Year Greetings. MR. AND MRS. SIDNEY WEINTRAUB AND SON extend New Year Greetings. > J I. 'Page Twenty-Eight T he JEW ISH U N I T Y September 15, 1933 NAZIDOM IN THE UNITED STATES BEST WISHES FOR THE (Continued from page 5) Compliments of the Season NEW YEAR from The Hamburg-American Line as well JUDGE E. C. COLLINS seems to cooperate with the local Nazi JUDGE W. F. BLANTON groups. It is known that it has placed its steamship the "SS. Resolute" at the disposal of the "Friends of New Ger- many" for a dance on September 10th. Sincere Good Wishes for the Officers of the liners of the latter, it is SINCERE GOOD WISHES New Year alleged, attend meetings and visit the DR. H. A. LEAVITT headquarters of the groups mentioned. One of the more important leaders, DUVAL JEWELRY CO. 127 N. E. 5th St. whose name does not appear publicly very often, is Count Sauerma-Douglas, regarded as the head of espionage ac- tivities. The latter, it is stated, directs Accept my sincere wish for hap- the spying activities on Jewish families and Jewish organizations. Too, he issues HAPPY NEW YEAR piness during the coming Year orders to Nazi spies functioning in labor and anti-fascist organizations. Many S. PIERRE ROBINEAU White Russians allegedly are amongst VICTOR POWE his close assistants. White Russians play an important role in the espionage system because they are able to attract more confidence as Russians than as MR. AND MRS. M. RAUZIN Germans. An active member of the Sincere Good Wishes for a White Russian delegation in this activity Happy New Year is a chemist by the name of O. Memzel. MRS. FRANK McGHAN'S Extend._most sincere wishes for a FUNERAL HOME Happy New Year AZI propaganda is also contributed AMBULANCE SERVICE 11by the so-called "Liberation" group 29 N. W. 3rd Ave. Phone 2-3535 founded by William Dudley Pelley and operating from Asheville, N. C. This SEASONS' GREETINGS latter group's official name is "The Sil- From ver Shirts". The organ of the "Silver May Your New Year Be THE CATE SCHOOL Shirts" is "Liberation". The propaganda a Happy One of of this group is rather more subtle and Everglades Paper Co. Individual Instruction in every issue of the publication, the COARSE AND FINE PAPERS 807 Collins Ave. Miami Beach views of representative Louis T. Mc- 26 N. W. 7th St. Phone 3-2176 Fadden, notorious anti-semite, are ex- tolled. On June 3rd, the magazine car- ried an article by Dr. Anna B. Sloane, SOUTHERN which not only defends the anti-semitic CAFETERIA program of Hitler, but agitates against HAPPY NEW YEAR 356 E. Flagler St. American Jews on the same grounds. Miami ivri Hospital Mr. Pelley, it is alleged, is in con- Miami Riverside Hospital Extends to Their Jewish Friends stant communication with Nazi head- A VERY HAPPY NEW YEAR quarters in New York on questions of 1450 S. W. 7th Street tactics, etc. and there seems to be little doubt that they are linked in their anti- semitic program. A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL COMPLIMENTS OF ASTLING'S W. L. PHILBRICK Filling Station and Barbecue 36th St. and 27th Ave. Miami Serving Greater Miami Serving Greater Miami i Happy New Year Phones 2-3456-2-6641 ra rw nn The Nicely Funeral Home 1236 Washington Ave. MIAMI BEACH Extends Best Wishes for a Happy New Year Extending Best Wishes for a Happy, New Year TANNER'S STORES 1753 1263 N. E. 2nd W. Flagler Avenue .. Street _ September 15, 1933 T h e JE W I S H U N I T Y Page Twenty-Nine r a' SHALL WE ENCOURAGE SEPARATE Sincere Wishes for a Happy New Year YOUTH SERVICES? (Continued from page 6) M IA M I C 0 0 K 'S, IN C. permanent bonds of interest and com- panionship. The real difficulty arises 1733 N. W. Seventh Avenue from the fact that ONLY the adult or ONLY the youth experiences a service. Distributors of Then there is no basis for companion- ship grounded upon common religious Cook's Goldblume Beer experiences. Perfection of the Brewers' Art EASSURANCES in reference to the J I fourth objection also come from the young people themselves. Their desire to worship at independent services is not at all based upon a conviction that such services will INTRINSICALLY be of greater merit than the old and time- tested adult service. No one is attempt- W fishing A Happy and Prosperous ing to write SUBSTITUTE services for adults. Nor does anyone aim at un- New Year to Our M any dermining the faith in the worth of the adult prayers and ritual. S We have come to recognize that in Jewish Friends the process of growth, it is not the QUALITY of the product which matters so much. It is the direction, the aim Sof the activity which is of moment. It The City Ice Fuel Co. is the PURPOSE of the action which is important. We can hardly hope to de- velop the finest poetry, art, music, etc., before young people reach matur- 2637 N. Miami Avenue. Phone 32191 ity. But what we can hope for is that their interests will be in those directions. Once this interest is established, we Y j have done all within our power. The rest depends, in a large measure, upon the inherited talents of the individual. These considerations are pertinent to our problem. Granting that the services 5694 1933 developed by young people do not com- Spare favorably in quality with adult services, the desire and interest on the should be cherished. If such a purpose ROSH HASHONAH 'j '" orsh inchis own way exists, we should by all means encourage Sit, because if it exists in the youth, it This opportunity to extend our greetings will most likely exist in the man. The to our Jewish friends is gladly accepted. desiression worthwhile; the highest reacheforms of expression will come when he reaches It is our sincere wish that your cup of life the highest stage in his development. Denying this desire will either destroy be brimful of health, wealth, happiness and it or convert it into hostility towards prayer and worship in all forms. prosperity. SM O O THE FIFTH objection is also a pro- ~i~ j I A M LI U found one. It touches upon the sta- MORRIS PL AN COMPANY bilizing of tradition, and hints at is- sues which involve the fundamental doc- OF M IAMI trines of Reform Judaism. How much of modern Reform Judaism is a faithful 105 N.E. First Ave e reflection and reproduction of the Ju- irt AV e daism of antiquity? If the change has been enormous, and it undoubtedly has, VINCENT R. BRICE, Manager what can we say of the stabilizing in- Sfluence of tradition? Nor can we ex- The JEWISH UNITY September 15, 1933 Best Wishes for the New Year Miami Wholesale Grocery Co. 216 N. E. 11th Street GREETINGS FROM JUDGE W. F. BROWN SEASONS GREETINGS SOUTHERN DAIRIES HAPPY NEW YEAR SIDEBOTTOM ICE CREAM CO. 715 N. W. 34th St. BEST WISHES FOR THE HOLIDAYS Miami Plating Works 1146 N. E. 2nd Ave. SINCERE GOOD WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR P & A GARAGE 53 N. E. 8th St. HAPPY NEW YEAR Alexander Orr, Jr., Inc. PLUMBING 45 N. W. 3rd St. HAPPY NEW YEAR Beach Shoe Repair Shop 518 Collins Ave. Miami Beach pect the Liberal Judaism of today to re- main intact and untouched by the mael- strom of social forces which are affect- ing the very roots of our social exist- ence. To what extent will the Liberal Judaism of tomorrow be the outcome of the stabilizing force of tradition? It is certainly true that part of youth's dissatisfaction with the adult service is due to the rebellion against the STATUS QUO of institutionalism in general rath- er than to inherent defects in the serv- ice. However, since the needs and in- terests of young people are admittedly somewhat different than the needs of adults, there must be a substratum of truth in their desire for separate serv- ices. Such a restlessness is a healthy sign that tradition is being challenged by youth to make its perennial adjustments to new conditions. It is a sign that the leaders of Reform Jewry, as reposi- tories of tradition, are being challenged to lead young people to adjust their thinking in accordance with the best in that tradition. To the extent that we understand the "Reform" in Reform Ju- daism to mean "re-forming," "re-mak- ing" is youth's desire for leading its own religious life in full accordance with tradition of change and adjust- ment in which Reform Judaism has his- torically conceived. THERE is of course the danger that youth will run amuck. But this can hardly serve as a restraining influence towards necessary readjustments. It should rather be the occasion for ex- ercising a careful leadership to assure that changes are basically evaluated. Our concern should also be with conser- ving the Jewish elements in Reform as well as the remaking elements. Con- tinuous progress can best be attained by preserving a proper balance between these two factors in Reform Judaism. Youth would take the bit in his teeth and be off in the direction of change, but the experienced jockey never jerks the reins. He gently curbs his steed until the proper speed and direction is attained. WISHING YOU HAPPINESS THROUGHOUT THE COMING YEAR DR. E. J. HALL Best Wishes for a Happy and Prosperous New Year DR. E. THOMAS KINSEY HAPPY NEW YEAR Metropolitan BAR AND LUNCH Sporting Headquarters N. E. SECOND AVE. AT SECOND ST. On Draught-Cook's and Schlitz J. R. BROWN, Manager A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL Combs Funeral Service MIAMI MIAMI BEACH Best Wishes for a HAPPY NEW YEAR FRED HOWLAND, Inc. GENERAL CONTRACTOR Postal Building Accept My Most Sincere Good Wishes for the Coming Year H. E. ROSS CITY CLERK Accept Our Sincere Good Wishes WHIPPLE COMPANY Store Equipment 1798 N. W. 20th St. Phone 28723 HAPPY NEW YEAR CHILI JACK Miami's Original Makers of Real Mexican Dishes Beer drawn from wood Chili sold in containers to take out 1032 Biscayne Blvd. HAPPY NEW YEAR EVRGLADES HOTEL %0 Miami, Fla. Page Thirty Happy New Year! AS you turn a new leaf and begin a New Chapter of achievement, we hope it will bring into view a greater measure of prosperity and happiness than in the year just gone by. We hope that the even great achievements of the Jewish race in the past will be surpassed in this New Year. May the arrival of the New Year bring you naught but health and hap- piness and prosperity. May the Supreme Being smile kindly upon you and yours. I I The Miami Herald "Florida's Most Important Newspaper" FRANK B. SHUTTS, Publisher Read THE SUNDAY MIAMI HERALD only Sunday paper in Miami with Associated Press service. N---P-~~-ca L;r~-2~5-~ Crush War and/You'll Crush Hitlerism THE HITLER REIGN OF TERROR PROCEEDED LOGICALLY FROM THE WORLD WAR THE war resulted in the Ver- slaughter' house. You drive a sailles settlement. Hence bayonet through the bowels Germany became ripe for of: a manr you never saw be- Schauvinism in its extremest fore. You Jave your jaw shot form. What a breeding ground of!f-- you are blinded at" for a demtagogue! He arose, tacked with poison gas from He knew that people respond which you die a horrible, ling- to a hate motive. He sounded ering death. WAR IS HELL! the primitive tribal appeal to stamp out whatever is differ- How to stop war? It can ent. He unified the nation on be stopped just ps duelling the basest of motives: hatred has been. Diplomacy has fail- and persecution. But note this ed. Unaided it will always point: Hitlerism sprang logi- fail. But diplomacy backed by cally and sequertially from public opinion can stop war. war. When Mary Woolley returned Hitlerism lies latent in many countries, Russia under the Czar had its pogroms. We have had our own Ku Klux Klan. War Militarism - Persecution of minority groups-here is a trio of evil forces logically linked. Stamp out war aud you stamp out Hitlerism - ,Can War Be ** Abolished? War must be abolished. If we don't crush wr-war will crush us. What a brutal, stu- pid senseless thing is war! Even when yolywin you lose. Who woan4f last great war? Who won*iBe San Francisco earthquake?. War is stupid- ity savagery insanity. As fought today it is about as "glorouS" as a Chicago from Geneva, she said "We must have moral disarma-- ment. We must mould public opinion." That is what World Peaceways is organized to do. We are.solidlx behind Bruce Barton'S project of a govern- meht, fund ior advertising Peace. We recognize the need "You rrnist read his now fa- ,::out~article "Let's Advertise this ATfTT' We have distri- buted'thousands of copies. We are beginning nationally; we intend to operate internation- ally. Advertising propa- ganda that is;our method. We are publishing messages like this in media'with a cir- culation of millions. We are a purposeful, practical, busi- ness group which knows what advertising can do. World Peaceways Hotel Roosevelt, New York ity Help us to down War. Help us to build a nobler civiliza- tion. A dollar contributed to us does $100 worth of work for Peace. Act Today Send us a dollar; more if you can afford it-less if you can't. Send stamps, check, money-order or registered mail. Every contri- butor will receive a copy of Bruce " Barton's "Let's Advertise .this Hell!" Our Board Members antd EndorsersF include: Rabbi Jonah B. Wise Mrs. Rebekah Kohut Estelle '. Sternberger Bruce 'Barton - Stanley High Mary E. Woolley Prof. Franz Boas Prof. Benj. R. Andrews Rabbi Sidney Goldstein James G. McDonald Walter Dill Scott ,_, Norman Thomas Alvin Johnson ,i Theresa Mayer Durla i ; Dr. Max Winkler Prof. Harry Allen Overstree- Prof. Carlton J. H. Hayes Dr. Lynn Harold Hough - Tucker P. Smith Rev. Reinhold Niebuhr Dr. George S. Counts Dr. Alvin C. Goddard Herbert S. Houston etc., etc. UNImT World Peaceways, Hotel Roosevelt, N. Y. City Here is my contribution. I am showing your appeal to friends with the hope that they too will respond. Name ............. Address ................... .... ......... .. City ...................... ................... State .... ................. ........... ..... I.-'.< A4061.-_. I : 1 -: j ! :;; 'I ' Magic City Engraving Company Halftones Colorplatlos Cldverli.Slu, g i rt 301 "Dally N.\S To\'er Phone 22742 Miami-Florida. Ilovember SOLD TO 11, 1931. TERMS NET CASH The Jewish Unity, 1 Combination Halftone and Line on Zinc Quoted 10'. QI~C OUR NUMBER YOUR NUMBER 20058 2 7.30 r.rz S. I0 ~lo jsv c4 |