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The Mineral Industry of


Florida



This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, and the Florida Bureau of Geology for collecting information on all nonfuel minerals.


By James R. Boyle1 and Charles W. Hendry, Jr.2



The value of nonfuel mineral production nonmetals, in order of value, were phosin 1981 in Florida was -$1.7 billion, an phate rock, stone, cement, clays, and sand increase of $216.3 million over that of 1980. and gravel. Florida ranked fourth nationally in total Of the 53.6 million tons of phosphate rock
value of nonfuel minerals produced, and produced in the United States, Florida was
nonmetals accounted for over 95% of the the predominant producer and for the 88th
value of the State's mineral output. The consecutive year supplied more than any State ranked first in the production of other State. Florida and North Carolina
phosphate rock and was second in crushed supplied 86.3% of the domestic phosphate stone, fuller's earth, masonry cement, and rock output; Florida supplied most of the peat. Staurolite and zircon concentrates exports. were produced only in Florida. Principal


Table 1.-Nonfuel mineral production in Florida,

1980 1981
Mineral 1980t Value 191Value
Quantity (thousands) Quantity (thousands)

Cement:
Masonry ----------------- thousand short tons-- 285 $22,074 288 $20,757
Portland -------- --_--__--_--_---- _do---- 3,574 182,590 3,518 199,064
Clays ---- __----_-- __--_---__-__-_-_do ---- 614 224,164 731 235,319
Gem stones ---------------------------__-- --- NA 5 NA 6
Lime ----------------------__ thousand short tons._ 195 12,434 191 11,343
Peat ------------------_-------------- do--- 154 2,398 157 2,885
Sand and gravel ---------------------------- do_ _-. r 314,412 r .28,766 P14,149 P32,719
Stone(crushed) ------------------------- ___do --- 66,209 215,972 65,067 226,192
Combined value of clays (kaolin), magnesium compounds, phosphate rock, rareearth concentrate, sand and gravel industrial, 1980), staurolite, titanium concentrates (ilmenite and rutile),
and zircon concentrates -------------- ---------- XX r1,020,855 XX 1,197,304
Total --__ __ _-_---- _-_- __---- _-_- __-_--- XX r1,509,258 XX 1,725,589

PPreliminary. rRevised. NA Not available. XX Not applicable.
'Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including consumption by producers).
'Excludes kaolin; value included with "Combined value" figure.
3Excludes industrial sand; value included with "Combined value" figure.






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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 3


Table 3.-Indicators of Florida business activity

1980 1981 Cange,
percent

Employment and labor force, annual average:
Total civilian labor force ---------------- ------------ thousands- 3,980.0 4,134.8 +3.9
Unemployment-------------------------- ------------ do..- 199.0 300.9 +51.2
Employment (nonagricultural)
-inin --- -- - -- .._- __- do__--- 11.0 11.2 +1.8
Manufacturing -------------------------------.do..--.. 456.4 466.4 +2.2
Contractconstruction ------------------------------o---- 263.9 282.5 +7.0
Transportation and public utilities. ----------------------- do-... 220.8 228.6 +3.5
Wholesale and retail trade ------------------------.--.-do.--- 939.8 983.0 +4.6
Finance,insurance,realestate_------------- -----------___ _do -__- 254.2 271.9 +7.0
Services--------------------------------------do--- 811.3 863.4 +6.4
Government -------------------------------------do-........- 618.8 614.6 -.7
Total nonagricultural employment1 .------------------ -. do ---- 3,576.2 23,721.7 +4.1
Personal income:
Total --------------------------------------- millions-.- $88,693 $102,333 +15.4
Per capita ---------------------------------------------- $8,993 $10,050 +11.8
Construction activity:
Number of private and public residential units authorized ----------------'. 174,451 149,241 -14.5
Value of nonresidential construction ---------------------- millions $2,199.0 $2,930.3 +33.3
Value of State road contract awards ------------------------ ----o.... -. $316.0 $416.0 +31.6
Shipments of portland and masonry cement to and within the State
thousand short tons. 5,820 5,724 -1.G
Nonfuel mineral production value:
Total crude mineral value ------------------------------ millions- $1,509.3 $1,725.6 +14.3
Value per capita, resident population-------------- -------------- $155 $177 +14.2
Valuepersquaremile---------------------- -- -------------- $25,764 $29,467 +14.4

PPreliminary.
'Includes oil and gas extraction.
2Data do not add to total shown because of independent rounding.
Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, US. Department of Labor, Highway and Heavy Construction Magazine, and U.S. Bureau of Mines.




3,000







C')
2,000



0

Z TOTAL
0

=j 1,000








0
1977 1980 1985

Figure 1.-Total value of nonfuel mineral production in Florida.






4 MINERAIE YEARBOOK, 1981

Trends and Developments.-The Port of mental Regulation as the designated State Tampa, which handled over 45 million tons agency. Major first-year work projects inof cargo in 1981, shipped the major portion clude hazard mitigation planning, port of exported phosphate. Phosphate rock and dredging and soil disposal, and technical processed phosphate exports totaled 13 mil- assistance for areas designated as areas of lion tons, down from 16 million tons in 1980. critical State concern. These exports included 9 million tons of The Florida phosphate industry impacted bulk phosphate, down from 12 million tons economically within the State and nationalin 1980. Phosphate accounted for about 90% ly. The U.S. Bureau of Mines released a of all export cargo through the Port of study in 1981 (IC 8850, "Economic SignifiTampa. A new market in bagged phosphate cance of the Florida Phosphate Industry") chemicals developed in China, and nearly on the impact. The study assessed the ecoone-half million tons was exported through nomic significance of the Florida phosphate the port to that market. About 750,000 tons industry to selected counties in Florida, the of aragonite was imported from the Baha- State of Florida, and the Nation; it also mas for use in the manufacture of cement, included a brief survey of the industry's down from 1.2 million tons in 1980. international impact. Based on forecasts of
In contrast, Port Manatee's phosphate Florida phosphate production in 1981, and exports increased when Beker Industries using constant 1977 dollars, estimates were opened its new mine, with plans to export 1 given for 1981 for regional and national million tons per year through the facility. output, the value of this output, income, Shipments from Beker were expected to and employment created by the phosphate increase up to 3 million tons per year in the industry in Florida. Federal, State, and next several years, according to the compa- county tax revenues generated by the ny. State's phosphate industry were also estiTexasgulf, Inc., started operations at its mated for 1981. The concentrated impact of new $8 million sulfur terminal on Hooker's the phosphate industry on certain areas of Point in Tampa. The terminal, on a 10-acre Florida and on the State's regional indussite leased from the Tampa Port Authority, tries was examined using economic base can store 60,000 tons of liquid sulfur. The analysis cxmined u yin ndm ia terminal is supplied by tankers from sulfur analysis complimented by an industrial mines in Texas and Mexico., complex approach. The industry's impact at
Occidental Petroleum Corp. (Oxy) resum- the State and national levels was examined ed shipments of superphosphoric acid to through input-output analysis. the Soviet Union after the trade embargo In addition, an attempt to forecast for was lifted in April. The original agreement 1990 the effects of constraints on phosphate called for Oxy to ship 1 million tons per rock mining as a result of economic condiyear of superphosphoric acid to the Soviet tions and other factors was included as an Union in exchange for urea, potash, and appendix to the report. Also discussed was anhydrous ammonia. The 20-year agree- the phosphate industry's importance to the ment would be worth about $20 billion. U.S. balance of trade; U.S. agricultural Plans called for Oxy to ship 72,000 tons per production, including forward linkages; the month for the balance of 1981. The Nation- U.S. sulfur industry; and the phosphate al Safety Council awarded Oxy's White industry's importance to the production of Springs Mine first place in safety for achiev- fluorine and uranium byproducts from fering the lowest accident incident rate among tilizer manufacturing. member companies. Second place went to Other U.S. Bureau of Mines publications Oxy's Suwannee River Mine. on phosphate included RI 8576, "Fluorine
Legisiafion and Government Pro- and Uranium in Phosphate Rock Processing gram&.-Tne Florida Coastal Management and Waste Materials"; RI 8609, "BenefiProgram was approved by the U.S. Depart- ciation of High-Magnesium Phosphate from meant of Commerce Office of Coastal Zone Southern Florida"; and RI 8611, "LargeManagement in September 1981. The entire Scale Dewatering of Phosphate Clay Waste State and its territorial waters were includ- from Central Florida." ed within the Coastal Zone Boundary. The The Bureau, in association with Agrico Florida Coastal Management Program is Chemical Co., initiated tests of borehole based on existing State laws. Twenty-five mining of deep phosphate ore in St. Johns statutes specifically serve as the authorities County. The tests were made to determine if for a direct State control management tech- deep phosphate ores in St. Johns County nique with the Department of Environ- could be mined economically and in an






THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 5

environmentally compatible manner. Agri- map series were also issued. The Bureau of co plans to start additional borehole mining Geology, also involved in mined land reclaexperiments in 1983. mation, developed a Master Reclamation
Since 1972, the Bureau's Tuscaloosa Re- Plan, proposed Chapter 16C-17, Florida Adsearch Center has been involved in projects ministrative Code, addressing lands mined to eliminate holding ponds of phosphate or disturbed by the severance of phosphate waste slimes or develop an improved de- prior to July 1, 1975. The plan, scheduled watering system. In-house Bureau project for adoption in 1982, provides procedures to activity during the year included research reclaim approximately 86,000 acres of dison water recovery from phosphate clay turbed land. slimes, continuous flocculation dewatering The Florida Institute of Phosphate Reand floc formation studies, and reuse and search funded six major projects during the purification of low-quality water for proc- year. The funded projects were a Virginia easing. Research continued on devising new Polytechnic Institute study of a clay separaor improved beneficiation methods applica- tion process ($49,622), a University of South ble to high-magnesium phosphate deposits. Florida investigation on the utilization of
The Bureau reported that the apparent waste gypsum to produce cement ($26,857), consumption of industrial explosives and and a National Council on Radiation Problasting agents in the State in quarrying tection and Measurements study of radiaand nonmetal mining was 23.2 million tion exposure ($34,080). Three projects were
pounds in 1981. Of that total, the top two with the U.S. Bureau of Mines: (1) a compretypes, water gels and slurries and other hensive evaluation of slime treatment and high explosives, accounted for 87% of the storage methods ($269,000), (2) the developexplosives used. ment of techniques for utilization of highDuring the year, the Florida Bureau of magnesia phosphate ore ($12,000), and (3) Geology completed six geologic projects in the production of 12,000 ceramic tiles from the State. Thirteen other projects were phosphate slimes and fly ash to be tested at underway on stratigraphy, lithostratigra- the Institute's new headquarter's sidewalks phy, and geomorphology of specific forma- in Bartow ($5,000). tions and in geographic areas; mineral de- The U.S. Geological Survey studies inposits, such as peat and dolomite, were also clude the geology, geochemistry, and reinvestigated. In addition, the Bureau of sources of peat; geochemistry and hydroGeology maintained a geologic well log chemistry of marine sediments, mineral library and a computerized list of mineral resources, and ground water systems; reproducers and statistics. Six publications search in geophysical data interpretation were issued during the year, including RI off southern Florida; and environmental 91, "The Hawthorn Formation of Central geologic studies of the west Florida contiFlorida," and several publications in the nental shelf.

REVIEW BY NONFUEL MINERAL COMMODITIES

NONMETALS importer of cement, with about 1 million
tons being imported. Portland cement shipCement.-Shipments of both portland ments, mainly in bulk form, were made by and masonry cement remained at about the truck and rail. Principal consumers were same level as those of 1980; portland cement ready-mix concrete dealers, highway conshipments decreased slightly, while those of tractors, building material dealers, and conmasonry cement increased slightly. Produc- crete products manufacturers, with the retion of masonry cement in Florida ranked mainder being consumed by other contracsecond nationally, while portland cement tors and government agencies. production ranked sixth. Four companies Most raw materials used to manufacture produced portland cement at five plants; cement were mined within the State and masonry cement was also produced at five included limestone, clay, sand, and stauroplants. A fifth company operated a grinding lite; the use of staurolite is diminishing plant to produce portland cement from because of higher value uses. O5litic aragoimported clinker. Most of the shipments of nite imported from the Bahamas was used both portland and masonry cement were to as well as small amounts of gypsum, clinkusers within the State; Florida was a net er, fly ash, clay, iron ore, and slag; most






6 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1981

were obtained from out-of-State sources. produce cryolite, aluminum fluoride, sodiEleven rotary kilns were operated at five um silicofluoride, and was also used in plants. Of the 11, 10 were wet process, and 1 water fluoridation. was dry process. About 447 million kilowatt- Gypsum.-Imported gypsum was calcined hours of electrical energy, in addition to at two plants in Duval County and one natural gas, fuel oil, and coal, were consum- plant in Hillsborough County. United ed in the manufacture of cement. States Gypsum Co., Jim Walter Corp., and
Moore McCormack Resources, Inc., con- National Gypsum Co. calcined gypsum in tinued its $W8 million expansion program at kettles, a rotary kiln, and a holoflite unit, the Brooksville plant. The expansion in- respectively, prior to wallboard manufaccludes a second coal-fired kiln and enlarged ture. Production in 1981 remained at the grinding and storage capabilities, which, 1980 level, with value decreasing. Florida when operational in 1982, would double gypsum wallboard was marketed primarily cement output to 1.2 million tons annually. in south Georgia and Florida. Byproduct The company also purchased two cement gypsum was recovered by Occidental Petroplants in Tennessee from Penn Dixie Indus- leum Corp. at its plant in Hamilton County; tries, Inc. output remained at about the 1980 level.
Lonestar Florida Pennsuco, Inc., installed Lime.-Both quicklime and dehydrated a new finish mill and increased storage lime were produced in Florida. Quicklime capacity at the 1.2-million-ton-per-year ce- was produced by Basic Magnesia, Inc., Gulf ment plant at Hialeah. Conversion to coal County; Chemical Lime, Inc., Hernando at its wet-process plant was also completed. County; and Dixie Lime & Stone Co., SumClay%.-Clays mined in Florida included ter County. Hydrated lime was also procommon clay, fuller's earth, and kaolin. duced by Chemical Lime, Inc. Production Total clay production and value increased and value decreased 2.1% and 8.8%, respecI 17.000 tons and $11.2 million, respectively. tively, from those of 1980. Lime was used for
Common clay output and value increased: magnesia, water treatment, and sewage disCommon clay was produced by four compa- posal systems. n s at four pits in Clay, Gadsden, Hernan- Magnesla.-Florida ranked second nado. and Lake Counties in the northern part tionally in the recovery of magnesium comO. tnd Ltate C nT ieinthe noru e rn pt pounds from seawater. Basic Magnesia, Inc., of the State. The clay was used in the Port St. Joe, Gulf County, produced caustic manufacture of cement and lightweight ag- calcined magnesia and refractory-grade gregate. magnesia from seawater; plant capacity is
Florida continued to rank second in the 100,000 tons of MgO equivalent. Shipments Nation in fuller's earth production, with in 1981 increased 6.9%; value increased production increasing. Fuller's earth was 17.7% over that of 1980. mined by four producers from nine pits in Peat.-Florida ranked second nationally Brevard. Gadsden, and Marion Counties. in peat production in 1981. Production inMain end uses were for pet waste and oil creased slightly, while unit value increased and grease absorbents, and in fertilizers, nearly 18%. Eight plants produced moss, pesticides. and saltwater drilling muds. reed-sedge, and humus peat from five counPennsylvania Glass Sand Corp. completed ties. Most of the peat, shipped in bulk, was an expansion of its processing plant at used for general soil improvement and for Quincy. New facilities were installed for potting soils. clay extrusion, bagging, dust collection, and Perlite (Expanded).-Four companies pneumatic bulk loading produced expanded perlite from crude ore
Kaolin was produced by one company at shipped into the State. Production decreas. two pits in Putnam County; production ed to 29,900 tons, while value increased to increased slightly from that of 1980. A $3.9 million. Perlite was expanded at plants coproduct was silica, which was recovered in Broward, Duval, Escambia, and Indian for glass and other industrial uses. Princi- River Counties and was used for construcpal uses for kaolin were in electrical porce- tion aggregate, horticultural purposes, insulain, whiteware. and wall tile; major mar- lation, and fillers. keta were in the Southeast. Phosphate Rock.-Florida ranked first in
Fluorine.-Fluorine in the form of fluo- the Nation in the production of phosphate silicic acid was recovered at six plants as a rock. Marketable production of phosphate byproduct of wet-process phosphoric acid rock in 1981 decreased slightly in quantity, manufacture. Fluosilicic acid was used to but increased 17.6% in value. The phos-







THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 7

phate industry continued to be the principal to expand capacity from 1.6 to 2.5 million mineral industry in the State. tons per year by early 1982. Also planned
Phosphate production decreased gradual- for DeSoto County was a 4-million-ton-perly throughout the year. Inventories increas- year mine near Pine Level. To guarantee ed, resulting in reduced operating levels environmental protection, county officials and temporary closure of some mines and levied a tax to be used in developing a plants. By yearend, mining output was re- review procedure. AMAX will spend over $3 portedly at 47% of capacity, with chemical million at its Plant City defluorination plants at about 59% capacity. Decreased plant to control fugitive dust. Wet scrubbers demand and large inventories of processed were also to be redesigned for improved phosphates resulted in prices frequently efficiency. below stated production costs. The drop in Beker Phosphate, Inc., started operating sales of about 20% was attributed to high its Wingate Creek Mine and beneficiating interest rates and low crop prices. Adequate plant late in the year, with two floating phosphorus levels in the soil permitted dredges removing overburden and matrix. deferments of applications. Exports, report- Capacity should increase to 1 million tons ed to be off as much as 3 to 4 million tons, per year, with output shipped through the were down because of increased competition company's new facilities at Port Manatee to and the strength of the U.S. dollar. In spite the company's fertilizer plant in Louisiana. of reduced demand and increased invento- Manatee County officials questioned comparies, reported expansions underway or ny transportation modes when they used planned for completion by 1986 exceeds $2 trucks instead of rail to move the phosphate billion, with expenditures in 1981 approach- to the port. By yearend, negotiations were ing $600 million. Environmental con- underway to settle the dispute. straints and the low demand for phosphates The C. F. Industries, Inc., proposed mine may cause delays in meeting planned sched- in Hardee County would require a Natural tiles. Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
The Florida Phosphate Council estimated permit. The mine's capacity was to be 2 that about $78.5 million was collected in million tons per year for the first 4 years, severance taxes from phosphate producers possibly increasing to 4 million tons per during the year. The $1.67-per-ton rate was year. Construction of the company's second to increase to $1.84 per ton in 1982. Discus- phosphate plant in Hardee County continsions continued over returning a portion of ued, with completion of the 2-million-tonseverance taxes to the producing counties; per-year facility expected by 1984. at present, all monies go to the State Estech, Inc., continued to plan developtreasury. ment of its proposed 3-million-ton-per-year
Soft-rock phosphate was produced by four Duette Mine in Manatee County. In an companies in 1981, operating five mines in effort to ensure no damage to the area's Citrus and Marion Counties. The soft-rock main water supply near the minesite, counphosphate was used for direct application to ty officials adopted the toughest phosphate the soil and, if low in fluorine, as an animal restrictions in the State and denied permit foed supplement. approval. The Governor and Cabinet agreed
Land-pebble phosphate was produced at to granting of the permits, but the action 21 mines by 12 companies in Hamilton, was challenged in the courts by Manatee Ilardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, and Polk County officials. The court upheld the Counties. In 1981, agricultural uses ac- State's decision, and negotiations between counted for 75%; industrial, 1%; and ex- county and company officials began. In Polk ports, 24%. Normal superphosphate, triple County, Estech began mining phosphate superphosphate, wet-process phosphoric rock that was previously buried under slime acid, and defluorinated phosphate rock ponds. By dewatering the ponds, about 3.5 were produced for agricultural uses. Indus- to 4 million tons of phosphate will be trial chemicals were produced from the recovered, extending the life of the mine production of elemental phosphorus. nearly 2 years.
AMAX Phosphate, Inc., had its first full Farmland Industries, Inc., continued efyear of operations after purchasing the forts to develop its first mining operation in mining operations and phosphate reserves Hardee County; the company presently opof Borden, inc., in mid-1980. The company erates a chemical plant near Bartow. Jacobs had one active mine, the Big Four Mine, in Engineering Group was awarded a contract southeast Hillsborough County, with plans for engineering and design work for the




8 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1981

proposed mine and beneficiation plant. En- would be required each year. gineering and design work was scheduled Mobil Chemical Co. proceeded with the
for completion by mid-1982, with plant permitting process to develop the South startup for late 1983. The facility's capacity Fort Meade Mine scheduled for operation in was rated at 2 million tons per year. 1984. The 3-million-ton-per-year mine will
W. R Grace & Co. continued construction replace Mobil's Fort Meade Mine, scheduled and participated in two joint ventures; one to close in 1988. Mobil plans to construct a with International Minerals & Chemical new phosphate rock terminal in Tampa. Corp. (IMC) in the Four Corners Mine and The terminal would have loading and unbeneficiation plant, and the other with loading facilities, a storage area, and U.S.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc. (USSAC), in a berthing facilities for large ore carriers. The chemical complex. The Four Corners Mine facility was scheduled to be operational in is a $615 million investment to produce 5 1984. million tons of phosphate per year. The USSAC and W. R. Grace started conmine, located in Hardee, Hillsborough, structing a new phosphoric acid plant at Manatee, and Polk Counties, was scheduled Fort Meade. Completion and startup was to start operating in 1983. The other project scheduled for July 1982. The planned $24 involves a $200 million phosphoric acid million expansion of the company's Rockplant at Fort Meade, with completion sched- land Mine has been deferred because of uled for July 1982. reduced market demands.
IMC, the world's largest private producer Sand and Gravel.-To reduce reporting of phosphate and phosphate chemical prod- burdens and costs, the Bureau of Mines uct& completed construction of its New implemented new canvassing procedures Wales sulfuric acid plant in Polk County. for its surveys of sand and gravel producers. Through the venture with W. R. Grace and Beginning with the collection of 1981 propurchase of other properties, IMC reported duction data, the survey of construction an increase in reserves by an estimated 270 sand and gravel producers will be conducted million tons of phosphate rock. The new for even-numbered years only; the survey of LMC 61-yard dragline, the largest in the industrial sand and gravel producers will area, began mining at the company's Clear continue to be conducted annually. ThereSpring Mine. IMC, with funding by the fore, this chapter contains only preliminary Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, is estimates for construction sand and gravel working with the other phosphate compa- production but contains complete data on nies on a process to reduce the number of industrial sand and gravel. The preliminary phosphate slime ponds. The experiment estimates for production of construction calls for pumping thickened clay, stored in a sand and gravel for odd-numbered years centralized slime pond for 6 months, to will be revised and finalized the following mining sites. The clays would be topped year. with overburden. The objective is to restore Total sand and gravel production decreasthe mining site and reduce the need for ed from that of 1980. The Florida Rock large storage areas. Early in the year, IMC Industries, Inc., sand plant at Keuka was signed an agreement to ship 360,000 tons of refurbished, and a new sand plant in phosphate rock per year by unit train to Marion County went onstream during the Canada. Approximately 58 unit trains year.


Table 4.-Florida: Sand and gravel sold or used by producers
1980 1981
Value Value Quantity Value Valul
c (thou- r (thousand (thou- per
shorttons) sands) n short tons) sands) ton Construction:
Sand- r13,253 r$26,174 $1.97 NA NA NA
Gravel --------------------------- 1,159 2.592 2.24 NA NA NA
Total or average ------------------- '14,41 '28,766 1.99 13.80 $M2800 P$2.05
Industral sand_ ------------------------ W W r6.82 349 4,419 12.66
Grand tocal or average --------------- -W W 2.27 P14,149 '32,719 '2,31
-Preliminary. 'RAvised. NA Not available. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data.






THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 9

Staurolite.-Florida was the only State nando, which supplied 70.1% of the State's with a recorded production of staurolite. total production. Thirteen companies proStaurolite was recovered as a byproduct of duced over 1 million tons each from 28 ilmenite processing at the Highland and quarries and accounted for 67% of the
Trail Ridge plants of E. I. duPont do Ne- production and 72% of the value. nmours & Co. and the Green Coves Springs Crushed stone was transported mainly by
plant of Associated Minerals (USA) Ltd., truck and railroad and was used for denseboth in Clay County. Although production graded road base, concrete and bituminous and total value decreased, unit value in- aggregate, and cement manufacture. Six creased. Staurolite was mainly used in companies processed oyster shell for roadsandblasting, with minor amounts used in bed material. Companies supplying crushed cement and as foundry sand. stone throughout the State often utilized a
Stone.-Florida ranked second in the Na- dedicated train concept for markets over 60 ion in crushed stone production, which miles distant. included limestone, marl, and oyster shell. The Florida Rock Industries, Inc., modOutput dropped slightly, but unit value ernization and expansion program at the increased. Gulf Hammock plant was completed during
Stone was produced by 88 companies at the year, with capacity tripling to 450 tons
131 quarries in 25 counties. The three lead- per hour of finished product. ing counties were Dade, Broward, and HerTable 5.-Florida: Crushed stone' sold or used by producers, by use (Thousand short tons and thousand dollars)

Use 1980 1981
Quantity Value Quantity Value
Agricultural limestone.. -- ------------------------ 1,729 8,299 1,264 7,064
Agricultural marl and other soil conditioners ------------ 115 632 136 840
Poultry grit and mineral food---------------------- 497 3,064 W 2,748
Concreteaggregate.-----.-------------------- 14,583 57,691 15.1t8 65,208
Bituminous g ..te-------------------------- 4,604 17,010 3,465 14,565
Dengradad baseatone------------------ ---- 16,497 40,328 15,485 42,605
Surface-treatment aggregate ...-..---------------------- 3,708 14,716 2,482 11,536
Other construction aggregate and road stone ------------ .... -12,164 32,946 13,088 37,739
R1prapandjettystone----------- --.-----.----- 59 398 256 687
Filter atone- ---...------------------.......----. W W 189 850
Manufactured fine aggregate (stone sand) -------------- 5,813 23,134 4,498 17,909
Cement manufacture.. -------------------------- 2,337 5,615 2,432 7,816
LIme manufacture ---------..-----.---------.-- 449 1,120 387 1,062
Asphalt filler -------------------.. ---- ---- 20 221 26 264
Other fillers.--------------- ----------- 184 1,288 191 1,447
FilL------..--..---.....---------------------- 2,288 5,068 5,539 13,334
Glass manufacture--------------------------- 20 191 21 214
Others --------------------- ------.-.-.---.-.-- 1,140 4,257 490 304
Totals----------..---...----------------- 66,209 215,972 65,067 226,192
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other."
'Includes limestone, shell, and marl.
'Includes stone used for macadam aggregate, railroad ballast (1980), whiting or whiting substitute (1981), and other uses not specified (1981).
'Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.

Sulfur.-Florida ranked fifth in the Na- vermiculite was produced by two operators tion in the production of byproduct elemen- at four plants in Broward, Duval, and Hillstal sulfur. Recovered sulfur from Exxon's borough Counties from crude ore shipped natural gas desulfurization plants in Santa into the State. Production increased slightly Rosa County decreased in 1981 compared over that of 1980, while unit value increased
with that of 1980. 19.6%. Principal uses were for concrete
Vermiculite (Exfoliated).-Exfoliated aggregate, horticulture, and insulation.








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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 11


Table 6.-Principal producers -Continued

Commodity and company Address Type of activity County

Phosphate rock:
Agrico Chemical Co ---------- Box 3166 Open pit mines Polk.
Tulsa, OK 74101 and plants.
AMAX Phosphate, Inc------- 402South Kentucky Ave. Open pit mine and Hillsborough.
Takeland, FL 33801 plant. BekerPhosphate, Inc ------- Box9034 ----do-------- Manatee.
Bradenton, FL 33506
BrewsterPhosphates --------- Bradley, FL33835--------- ---- do ------ Hillsborough and
Polk.
C.F.Industries,Inc ---------- Box790 -_---do ------ Hardee.
Plant City, FL 33566
Estech, Inc ---------F-L Box2= Open pit mines-- Polk.
Bartow, nL =30
Gardinier, Inc-------------- Box 3269 Open pit mine and Do.
Tam FL 33601 plant.
International Minerals & Box Open pit mines Do.
Chemical Corp. Bartow, FL 38830
MobilChemicalCo.$ -------_ Box311 ---do_- -- Do.
Nichols, FL 33863
Occidental Petroleum Corp ---- White Springs, FL 32096----- ----do ------ Hamilton.
U.S.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc ---- Box 867 Open pit mine -- Polk.
Fort Meade, FL 33841
W. R.Grace&Co------------ Box471 Openpitmineand Do.
Bartow, FL 33830 plant
Sand and gravel:
Florida Rock Industries, Inc., 744 Riverside Ave. Pits--------- Clay, Glades,
Shands & Baker. Jacksonville, FL 32201 Lake, Lae,
Marion, Polk,
Putnam
General Development Corp---_-- 1111 South Bayshore Dr. _--_-do ------ St. Lucie and
Miami, FL 33131 Sarasota.
E. R. Jahna Industries, Inc., First & East Tillman ---- do ------ Glades, Laks,
Ortona Sand Co. Div. Lake Wales, F1 33853 Hendry, Polk.
Silver Sand Co. of Clermont Inc Route 1, Box US1 Pit ----------- Lake.
Clermont, FL 32711
Staurolite:
Associated Minerals (USA) Ltd., Green Cove Springs, FL 32043 Mine and plant-_ Clay.
Inc.
K. duPont de Nemours & Co -- DuPont Bldg. D-10084 Mines and plants- Do.
Stone: Wilmington, DE 19898
FloridaCrushedStoneCo----- Box317 Quarries------ Hernando,
Leesburg, FL 32748 Sumter, Taylor.
Florida Rock Industries, Inc --- Box 4467 -- _do ------ Collier, Hernando,
Jacksonville, FL 32201 Lee, Levy, St
Lucie.
Lone Star Florida, Inc ------- Box 6097 Quarry------- Dade.
Fort Lauderdale,
FL 33310
Rinker Southeastern Materials, Box 2634 Quarries ------ Do.
Inc. Hialeah, FL 33012
VulcanMaterialsCo-------- Box7324-A ----do------ Browardand
Birmingham, AL 35223 Dade.
titanium concentrates:~
Associated Minerals (USA) Ltd., Green Cove Springs, Mine and plant- Clay.
Inc. FL 32043
S. duPont de Nemours & Co -- DuPont Bldg. D-10084 Mines and plants_ Do.
Wilmington, DE 19898

'Also stone.
2AIso exfoliated vermiculite.
'Also elemental phosphorus.










FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BUREAU OF GEOLOGYf
C. W. Hendry, Jr., Chief
S. R. Windham, Assistant Chief
Sandie Ray, Secretary Richard Seymore, Secretary



OIL AND GAS SECTION
L. David Curry, Administrator
Clarence Babcock, Engineer Gwen Manning, Clerk-Typist
Robert Caughey, Geologist Charles Tootle, Engineer
Cynthia Gordon, Geologist Jean Wehrmeyer, Secretary
Joan Gruber, Secretary



RECLAMATION REGULATION
W. Ross McWilliams, Admi.nistrator Sus.e Coleman, Admin. Asst. Amber Mahaffey, Secretary
Greg Daugherty, Environ. Super. Jack Merriam, Biologist
Lee Edmiston, Engineer Spec. Harry Neel, Geologist
Bruce Greenwood, Geologist Lou Neuman, Forester
Randy Holcomb, Secretary Joan Ragiand, Geologist
Zoe Kulakowski, Geologist Lee Sherwood, Environ. Super.
Jackie Lloyd, Geologist Wesley Winmer, Engineer



RECLAMATION RESEARCH
J. William Yon, Administrator
Mondell Beach, Environ. Spec.



GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS SECTION
Walter Schmidt, Administrator
Albert Applegate, Geologist Ronald Hoenstine, Geologist
E. W. Bishop, Geologist Julia Jones, Secretary
Paulette Bond, Geologist Thomas Scott, Geologist
Kenneth Campbell, Geologist



TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Ed Lane, Administrator
Mary Ann Cleveland, Librarian James P. Jones, Draftsman
Jessie Hawkins, Custodial Earl Maxwell, Statistician
Justin Hodges, Engineer SImnie Mu'rphy, Pressman
Richard Howard, Sample Prep. Albert Phillips, Engineer
Pauline Hurst, Draftsman Steve Spencer, Geologist
Dorothy Janson, illustrator

xml version 1.0
xml-stylesheet type textxsl href daitss_report_xhtml.xsl
REPORT xsi:schemaLocation 'http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitss http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitssdaitss2Report.xsd' xmlns:xsi 'http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance' xmlns 'http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitss'
DISSEMINATION IEID 'E20080623_AAAACC' PACKAGE 'UF00001157_00001' INGEST_TIME '2008-06-23T16:27:04-04:00'
AGREEMENT_INFO ACCOUNT 'UF' PROJECT 'UFDC'
REQUEST_EVENTS TITLE Disseminate Event
REQUEST_EVENT NAME 'disseminate request placed' TIME '2017-03-09T11:08:52-05:00' NOTE 'request id: 310131; E20080623_AAAACC' AGENT 'UF73'
finished' '2017-03-09T11:15:58-05:00' '' 'SYSTEM'
FILES
FILE SIZE '135263' DFID 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPG' ORIGIN 'DEPOSITOR' PATH 'sip-files00002.jp2'
MESSAGE_DIGEST ALGORITHM 'MD5' aa60133a72680cf94bfff72f7905adcb
'SHA-1' ffc04bbdb22effd0e1f2b95583fede117e322402
EVENT '2017-03-09T11:14:34-05:00' OUTCOME 'success'
PROCEDURE describe
'116939' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPH' 'sip-files00002.jpg'
c7ded4bce3974ac411645226427781d4
c923968dfad8ad7f9dd58fc585360677bcd287bd
'2017-03-09T11:11:47-05:00'
describe
'57410' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPI' 'sip-files00002.pdf'
5dbf15f42b074443ec2370d80e274e05
5a137bb1807d73c840275b01dea9779c854f1b06
'2017-03-09T11:11:45-05:00'
describe
'35577' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPI-norm-0' 'ARCHIVE' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPPI-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
'2017-03-09T11:14:44-05:00'
describe
'2017-03-09T11:11:46-05:00'
normalize
'69265' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPJ' 'sip-files00002.pro'
45fc93fe95c7e577a4cbec25a963f8fc
7d394eb41677987a16bd04de1b8a9a455ca00fda
'2017-03-09T11:14:21-05:00'
describe
'35861' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPK' 'sip-files00002.QC.jpg'
3dbef5f5993e5998c517033a67e7ae2a
acea70c9150caf89f73f707c6f7b922208c53f25
'2017-03-09T11:14:20-05:00'
describe
'869896' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPL' 'sip-files00002.tif'
c6ff6a5c0bc633b9b4333c4a6e4731f8
f9eb4af80bb0f0650cd7871094fa09dc68c4e9a3
'2017-03-09T11:13:04-05:00'
describe
'3087' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPM' 'sip-files00002.txt'
2c317a6bb8f307ad958a3d986456442d
05301aefb9293dd37c75cff0bd32c0e8bc372d06
'2017-03-09T11:11:39-05:00'
describe
'9631' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPN' 'sip-files00002thm.jpg'
ed8e01af44ce0951e134f83a62cc6f35
4eb405afff51901ca4cfccd560ce49c8d6888697
describe
'151174' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPO' 'sip-files00003.jp2'
8f31e8001d6f2fcb0d02d8c18b73705c
ca425324cee43c65fbab25773b433c140de2c032
describe
'125853' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPP' 'sip-files00003.jpg'
e70dce88750a4573584ce85ed037b512
bdd4caacb74577ac72990c10439a1ffda67d4cdc
'2017-03-09T11:14:29-05:00'
describe
'65722' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPQ' 'sip-files00003.pdf'
323aa201bb5fa39e13c4f13cfc2a69d5
9a856331301ba66315cfe45dc988ae43c5e241e2
'2017-03-09T11:14:39-05:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPQ-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPPQ-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
'2017-03-09T11:14:45-05:00'
describe
'2017-03-09T11:14:41-05:00'
normalize
'87122' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPR' 'sip-files00003.pro'
f5c57fe523e0c5ebc29c4f8137dbc1dd
1c26bad3a4e7018c496057faac5f17c9a70c3fe1
'2017-03-09T11:11:34-05:00'
describe
'37993' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPS' 'sip-files00003.QC.jpg'
90b909f5b826e578fe66b3c02a7e47ed
b34383776bfe4b9c1ff998d7d00be85af4b1fbe2
describe
'962748' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPT' 'sip-files00003.tif'
7c9bc38d3608e5c2c64cdf15534e3674
c7e0ed79eba3f2589f1acc62a78837832486536c
'2017-03-09T11:14:22-05:00'
describe
'3927' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPU' 'sip-files00003.txt'
3b8866dcddfdea692ff1bfc0b04f8031
24da5e006c2f599d7c812a380a301c60a3a888c9
describe
Invalid character
WARNING CODE 'Daitss::Anomaly' Invalid character
'10278' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPV' 'sip-files00003thm.jpg'
e5ee01493534c3768525d4e862d2d5f8
eaadfaca952b821bd7ed468e6fc788d3eada0c8f
describe
'107330' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPW' 'sip-files00004.jp2'
ab93cdf483e26e4af5ca21f3d03b25eb
0894504aa9750a36051c450c992c738341207988
'2017-03-09T11:11:40-05:00'
describe
'90173' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPX' 'sip-files00004.jpg'
d677f5337e980d6a52b05cd71274399e
34a0c4086848aa4c83e853e0d0c7820e0908645c
'2017-03-09T11:11:35-05:00'
describe
'44369' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPY' 'sip-files00004.pdf'
b4fd96b2b2af09c44787a955253c5dfc
37676495f8389483e8c10e2df02db908b6652ca4
'2017-03-09T11:14:18-05:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPY-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPPY-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'62485' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPPZ' 'sip-files00004.pro'
e1229429ed73cdc4774b29ddfd2c08c1
992e7536100c86198cc50f638af394833520c8f2
'2017-03-09T11:14:26-05:00'
describe
'28438' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQA' 'sip-files00004.QC.jpg'
373c8f585576f9fa37b00ce5b9995f41
f469ebd0e011f14887afbb08bc5f1716a29e9cd5
'2017-03-09T11:14:23-05:00'
describe
'981208' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQB' 'sip-files00004.tif'
62948d046387803aa382440f9c453d31
a70739b35f55980216392e8175bf543886cdd375
describe
'3327' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQC' 'sip-files00004.txt'
0535fbab622b17cf4e15ffffbd26c453
10de10c4dd043a751bf5d15e2c10bf5f1678d06f
describe
'8111' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQD' 'sip-files00004thm.jpg'
b009ee98308db05384ce095515331077
d3a0af72fc7e70558fa9653aace0ef5befba1e1a
describe
'279023' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQE' 'sip-files00005.jp2'
d6f43a282c350ce7c1617aacb5af3a58
e5fec8fae705a8a49c6830e1daee107e7e05c92e
describe
'217236' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQF' 'sip-files00005.jpg'
ff9e9f60f2506bd328591dcb78a2f513
572c1f34bd16e3572dd9eecff8009a9fbc5edf2e
describe
'119979' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQG' 'sip-files00005.pdf'
84444d752f4755d5918afd28bc421c3b
e36d1273b1d38c486578219329ab815dc15b01a1
'2017-03-09T11:14:27-05:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQG-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPQG-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'123365' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQH' 'sip-files00005.pro'
c6f5015d468829f479da2cf94fe8e2fb
ab65de92978f21ff5d837a9647aeeb2783ac075f
describe
'59335' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQI' 'sip-files00005.QC.jpg'
055ba7ebc582ec517fb00e9c6c2d4066
652694359181dc8bafed40a29fd280ab172b5269
describe
'996552' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQJ' 'sip-files00005.tif'
550cba3c1d53d4efeee96d4492dd7fa8
9584f28ae87cee38630ec87001c4484c16278dd6
describe
'5072' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQK' 'sip-files00005.txt'
6ddbcdbb190ab4f70eb2d1f4ec37ff00
326af029fc82355bc73afa5f2cd9e076d52bc708
describe
'13789' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQL' 'sip-files00005thm.jpg'
1335c92a2a238f1109b3dab4ef265284
e042f4aa721c90b185db2c15f14c983664884343
describe
'264033' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQM' 'sip-files00006.jp2'
c56e4f392ac2c56638ac4769863352b2
283ba0568a9159e67ccbfc72cce147b956c0b35d
describe
'207639' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQN' 'sip-files00006.jpg'
5c5290ba7b4531de9120f46dbee0f025
2a94eb37f9c9ca5317b64729eeb97ef2b7d1c8d8
describe
'112110' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQO' 'sip-files00006.pdf'
9067e57b63e5847c8f085247a4750b22
1b11be84ace8e47d66c2a0aa3b3d0a0d748532fb
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQO-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPQO-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'112722' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQP' 'sip-files00006.pro'
421b2e2dda84601eb9d740f4e2dc3573
1b30a7cdff7e742ecbabf1c6763991b2c7157cb2
describe
'57476' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQQ' 'sip-files00006.QC.jpg'
300aa586b20ab828f5c0f2e95af62319
ebb9a80a04db95ec3e1665fab7988b8284587e23
describe
'978260' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQR' 'sip-files00006.tif'
6530cf4ec896083d1b27099752d7f062
dc65a93b59d61ca0c0092a3f56b5052149e41951
'2017-03-09T11:14:43-05:00'
describe
'4656' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQS' 'sip-files00006.txt'
a2eab2bcae2c7035379e290c3fb792a2
9eeab30f0b369cb7b2e3c67da6248a0536cb22b3
describe
'13443' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQT' 'sip-files00006thm.jpg'
acb7b304573c6673b0230b774cf1d119
777ed1dfb2e26c67484dbf81b9159e41f02496b6
describe
'255933' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQU' 'sip-files00007.jp2'
2cec8e0b2914cbef78701fec02f70d87
d0224099b365550936cf8a86aa5f66c0fdd757e2
describe
'195863' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQV' 'sip-files00007.jpg'
ba8b2ec464473922297e46036e7e4a46
c7e656351100cd9cb4a01ca9ab11f307676fcb27
describe
'109018' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQW' 'sip-files00007.pdf'
59abc1ef2d3d1680c56684a396cb978f
14f7b84cfca6b31d299bbbbc244e98ceb4c17b3b
'2017-03-09T11:14:24-05:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQW-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPQW-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'119294' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQX' 'sip-files00007.pro'
7b6b8ac613a6cbe372bd2ee0a8f23405
a14dd9e9be96c38e778c87f1390f5415a3ebf9dd
describe
'54680' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQY' 'sip-files00007.QC.jpg'
616ea264ed421427324e6dabd349d67e
b79c6750dd1764c9f8f6291b0c5884325c8e57e2
describe
'1034580' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPQZ' 'sip-files00007.tif'
d47c7391024a2c4e87d82c0c7d323e9a
5bae1f28225e0035acc44b38f0aef4965c408739
'2017-03-09T11:14:35-05:00'
describe
'4913' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRA' 'sip-files00007.txt'
3593aae2ec88a521f635ec41c0876a5a
4c58e8b3e07aed1bfc275dc8d79945ede46dbaa2
describe
'12446' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRB' 'sip-files00007thm.jpg'
c6a5d6bbe28cd2d508b0f1cb37a456b4
8ec8c3a8ca117d7f53a55f8c84c109cbf17c16d7
describe
'274114' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRC' 'sip-files00008.jp2'
c93dee5124f4528cc9a6e031607ffd90
ef785cb8e170f768d3e0fe48e18780e30ce51db9
describe
'210197' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRD' 'sip-files00008.jpg'
2b98e16329ca459d3562819574606c7a
37a072eb758701aaefd5dadf0d0f723a79556f94
describe
'117216' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRE' 'sip-files00008.pdf'
2d35e966d6b4076f3b79814d7540b139
fcfb83bc6a77a774902a28c989a9711e5667ec0a
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRE-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPRE-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
'2017-03-09T11:14:46-05:00'
describe
normalize
'121538' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRF' 'sip-files00008.pro'
1bc57722f57c3fb6b0ca2e8c27b19d01
a5aa8c499cbaf0e2657b308164369eebc6d57f27
'2017-03-09T11:13:01-05:00'
describe
'57639' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRG' 'sip-files00008.QC.jpg'
bbf2844c99cdfd5516ae3dd3c7fdea40
6f705b1016b47bd211c17cdf1e357d7bb32a9bd6
'2017-03-09T11:13:03-05:00'
describe
'1007160' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRH' 'sip-files00008.tif'
3d6ec207d0e18227ec0ed0011ca4166f
c9a74a288cc4905e79e0c6ff2f507d5204dbd6cb
describe
'5065' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRI' 'sip-files00008.txt'
5ada5edf34779e600fa122da26548045
785e68f326b41cd69bacd30e592020009ac13d5d
describe
'13306' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRJ' 'sip-files00008thm.jpg'
99765677407d33908bb7efaec9d71d1f
eadcf5b2f01c7181e1a335340a039d5f21bb913f
describe
'232350' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRK' 'sip-files00009.jp2'
9af729cae4ca7c1c0912be67f0dd40ef
fa158d915ca8cb1d2c040fe65dfbd668797359fe
describe
'183020' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRL' 'sip-files00009.jpg'
0c12e0e8992ebe05287ddc1f3af3dab1
e6fe3f1caa017eb46af5dadad92692503cb1a46b
describe
'98592' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRM' 'sip-files00009.pdf'
9de8bcd35db01c4eba12199c2a136873
b64ef80add9320e9a50a85ac101d733332e48aae
'2017-03-09T11:11:48-05:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRM-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPRM-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'108168' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRN' 'sip-files00009.pro'
a22108872b195574b29ea18aca641b1d
d2ae2e42db34ed1b0992742260dbbc099c979822
'2017-03-09T11:14:36-05:00'
describe
'53017' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRO' 'sip-files00009.QC.jpg'
b56ffef850e51564f4729311ede67130
33a44f1956ebb37ede11de305a48c18ba6e349b3
describe
'992416' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRP' 'sip-files00009.tif'
853dbb0d8e7bbbf164bcbb2da076ed3e
e919c33e2a14a75f1f943cc8982f419126ffcc35
describe
'4606' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRQ' 'sip-files00009.txt'
654e0e2772985191d71847491032f27b
1fd66b874e1cc40e16c9eefb80eea2f5a6575136
describe
'12616' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRR' 'sip-files00009thm.jpg'
870c382e15b98e6fde68819008e71b18
6c13be0b2fba64896fa5e4c13be08e5fae06a7ad
describe
'199475' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRS' 'sip-files00010.jp2'
0613296dae847ce202d23bd7dc19a1c9
28a00fff13398aea359adeca2a031803ff6c610a
describe
'157020' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRT' 'sip-files00010.jpg'
b08d0b80affb8ea7a8fe978b6a1dc2d0
882d53a334c529db56356fc9b1e4e2774f639538
describe
'83952' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRU' 'sip-files00010.pdf'
e42b551faed8ec90d7768ce764473437
3a5d9cd30e04dcfc7c791b23369d8aa1c60b7e47
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRU-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPRU-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
'2017-03-09T11:14:38-05:00'
normalize
'110625' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRV' 'sip-files00010.pro'
489670069202487951105d63c6825ddb
370760638d61de316dff6c97df6c13bde444fe06
describe
'45183' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRW' 'sip-files00010.QC.jpg'
df6f9dfd51a93908defa6faba5ecff73
2512b79bf1a78c0af803bb67d93f7b63b7ed2192
describe
'979260' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRX' 'sip-files00010.tif'
31fd84a9522db0f32bf9973e34b33ae6
7957e757846999f4ab29fc5157fa596a3c28a2fc
describe
'4704' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRY' 'sip-files00010.txt'
2cef40d9cf0b5addeb4d1ca3b73ed856
82d3165e5e07d0b2e25c349a29a3617734da52f6
describe
'11282' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPRZ' 'sip-files00010thm.jpg'
421bbb875d02bc9ecfde35f10cb86bcf
f9f51b24fb1c3c497d48e6ca1ca4f9412bf6f557
describe
'162731' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSA' 'sip-files00011.jp2'
d0d55ebc4a9cfe4d408fb28682f10187
3a2a81985304cefbfa57b91ad7da48d478b7b4cc
describe
'123483' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSB' 'sip-files00011.jpg'
b931df9808b7aa9014e2c0b550da08ec
6c78d509ec0c5344dd14dc53318f0976782c6f73
describe
'70877' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSC' 'sip-files00011.pdf'
4c5caf7e1a4de43b699bacbcc071b83f
e6bb6b6b55b3df3f0fc119ffd768dd1984e2f425
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSC-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPSC-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
'2017-03-09T11:11:44-05:00'
normalize
'80731' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSD' 'sip-files00011.pro'
d191e946ca184a36120699b016d44fe9
b194c69bfb0a9995e4ad3e886602cb0290baed75
describe
'37886' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSE' 'sip-files00011.QC.jpg'
46069b4ea0296a5760716d39032ff49e
2a02fee7057b636ae326168aac8ac08e48e3a845
describe
'969672' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSF' 'sip-files00011.tif'
ea9206cafd960b3b51a355478724ead8
f9a0aa324aa6212430a0ed7bf2811bcd78f5f1c3
describe
'3505' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSG' 'sip-files00011.txt'
23e406ad751ab1f2f1b68b9e3be29906
7b8d37d399cd0edc2eb0efddb35dc8c5b211dc37
describe
'10250' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSH' 'sip-files00011thm.jpg'
f2a4a637fc7b7a379c67a8d500fcfe17
02c2e88aa5c8c053d634212c6c37d15b6d6fa876
describe
'122339' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSI' 'sip-files00012.jp2'
246bc0120065878adabe5bbbee5d54ca
209f189de24b3f3e7da56586f46cd3653241677d
describe
'90385' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSJ' 'sip-files00012.jpg'
935958bfc232e4bdd0de1547c226de6a
a6fdb8af2259d8682b1d4a1e09b23c2b3a62e03c
describe
'52699' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSK' 'sip-files00012.pdf'
306b57347a1e2fe1321840fba612fd0f
72f4b7ef1254f1c20385db985a2bf39f1eaadee4
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSK-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPSK-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'66348' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSL' 'sip-files00012.pro'
575cf4addb4cc492ad6c42939b0f237e
4f568a5836f2f6f20aeef42e57b2b2aa07c28eee
describe
'29490' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSM' 'sip-files00012.QC.jpg'
b3179655e2f1556e7512ccb2f2de7fb7
4097de240c303089a75e36457a4494951a5d4e7d
'2017-03-09T11:14:33-05:00'
describe
'972812' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSN' 'sip-files00012.tif'
573b74fad7a4a58354e3e257567f6a72
615139fb0192bb3e97b3ee7dcda3825dae06dde5
describe
'3054' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSO' 'sip-files00012.txt'
7bbb994be47497ab340370c3f7cf14fb
bd116cd738bfd2a2164fdc15e984c750e1844e1b
describe
'8193' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSP' 'sip-files00012thm.jpg'
faeb6ed59cb7b03094df39895d3ca734
36ab882cbe6d931de2a831117e64eca13266cb56
describe
'95889' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSQ' 'sip-files00014.jp2'
017ec3c92308420a4769487b1e97aa9d
677a693b9ed3f0651d8698ddc6d7860f0a0dd08f
describe
'86524' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSR' 'sip-files00014.jpg'
001238e4dac417b079c36cd6245378da
746571f569cf5aed2740469dbd3352c378a4c446
describe
'37819' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSS' 'sip-files00014.pdf'
d6a5db675adcab63bfb789bf2ae533f6
5de14afd7311019ca6c2897a762aded1ed4a73a1
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSS-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPSS-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
'2017-03-09T11:11:37-05:00'
normalize
'45064' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPST' 'sip-files00014.pro'
1a044302b8c86f8c2f34e7efaa86ee7b
4f95f3bfe7f7f2ebf826bf822c5db38d14bdf89b
describe
'27252' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSU' 'sip-files00014.QC.jpg'
8c65ca950bd81d6258556f708e1a9ac5
6dfb903d9cdbc6d974ce236082b19c0017bbf8d7
describe
'939712' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSV' 'sip-files00014.tif'
3a8d8b60f11d846c0ca6c2e8d70cbcde
673c20de9595906ae032d2886defd3da8594df5e
describe
'2206' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSW' 'sip-files00014.txt'
38338558fbcb140ff6a79a48acb9aabd
3a0857fa0209ec60ade07dcda1c0e34af20bfa90
describe
'7782' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSX' 'sip-files00014thm.jpg'
acb442d20c6fe8b213c48467bc5ec84d
3f88ac9c548eae60f43f7698b8b0dde4ba15d313
describe
'153168' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSY' 'sip-filescopyright.jp2'
cd965abaafb5da42dc6c8def20d374f4
b811824c94aa0ae5a5f04cfb64b27e9e0927243a
describe
'103670' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPSZ' 'sip-filescopyright.jpg'
d028360928b6690b49cfe8211e6bb6a5
db68f5028a78f337081c164d3478ffd3e30a8a09
describe
'71602' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTA' 'sip-filescopyright.pdf'
55a5125410bcd0a233e61dbfc9af2ab1
1e791d1f088c8ca92471a3662a088feb0e7d32e9
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTA-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPTA-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'35816' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTB' 'sip-filescopyright.pro'
1e98bd9aeb340c73a7e3e881455ec7e6
ee05ad309430106f35590eeb3c217ca60f4d6d27
describe
'35083' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTC' 'sip-filescopyright.QC.jpg'
28180ee8185b27af4702a664eb2b5d1b
f0e1d4e0f0dcb1a265ec575f3d87a525ada2ad6d
describe
'1060488' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTD' 'sip-filescopyright.tif'
a93e23aacefc1116d488fc9fc065b179
d6532f3967410b03fefd2ec5af9da87dc9644b98
describe
'1329' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTE' 'sip-filescopyright.txt'
15f2bbd34b776d39b92ffb1c4f760b27
b0251f2ed30996bc7ed3d8efa687abc9a6800fa9
describe
Invalid character
Invalid character
'10085' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTF' 'sip-filescopyrightthm.jpg'
b0566b6a6e9b9bfb3fa924203ff11cf8
63d705588c1580afc86f43138330df2fe31f906d
describe
'1054549' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTG' 'sip-filesUF00001157.pdf'
d16e26c4e449d0d25a96cf4def18c7dd
85dea3e9858b62e317e45b06a74f884970d9bdaf
describe
'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTG-norm-0' 'aip-filesF20080623_AAAPTG-norm-0.pdf'
8cbf40949b8b639101cd4e2c803d9b62
6e3842fc6d7fb92b4cf6a2346c8099c7289050d2
describe
normalize
'27667' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTH' 'sip-filesUF00001157_00001.mets'
2a75720c601a0c387cf34ed3eec72521
34f9a30f144dfb92353db03456876d1bf2928cef
describe
TargetNamespace.1: Expecting namespace 'http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/digital/metadata/ufdc2/', but the target namespace of the schema document is 'http://digital.uflib.ufl.edu/metadata/ufdc2/'.
'2017-03-09T11:14:49-05:00' 'mixed'
xml resolution
http://www.loc.gov/standards/xlink.xsd
BROKEN_LINK schema http://www.loc.gov/standards/xlink.xsd
TargetNamespace.1: Expecting namespace 'http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/digital/metadata/ufdc2/', but the target namespace of the schema document is 'http://digital.uflib.ufl.edu/metadata/ufdc2/'.
'35382' 'info:fdaE20080623_AAAACCfileF20080623_AAAPTK' 'sip-filesUF00001157_00001.xml'
72c4f284a9414fcdcd922d466a37edb4
d934c6816d0323347bca9fe9ef05f71246ad517d
describe
xml resolution
http://www.loc.gov/standards/xlink.xsd
http://www.loc.gov/standards/xlink.xsd


xml version 1.0 encoding UTF-8
REPORT xmlns http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitss xmlns:xsi http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocation http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitssdaitssReport.xsd
INGEST IEID EDVIZYYUX_G83KVY INGEST_TIME 2017-04-11T18:21:15Z PACKAGE UF00001157_00001
AGREEMENT_INFO ACCOUNT UF PROJECT UFDC
FILES


xml version 1.0 encoding UTF-8 standalone no
fcla fda yes
!-- mineral industry of Florida, 1981 ( Book ) --
METS:mets OBJID UF00001157_00001
xmlns:METS http:www.loc.govMETS
xmlns:xlink http:www.w3.org1999xlink
xmlns:xsi http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance
xmlns:daitss http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitss
xmlns:mods http:www.loc.govmodsv3
xmlns:sobekcm http:digital.uflib.ufl.edumetadatasobekcm
xmlns:lom http:digital.uflib.ufl.edumetadatasobekcm_lom
xsi:schemaLocation
http:www.loc.govstandardsmetsmets.xsd
http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitssdaitss.xsd
http:www.loc.govmodsv3mods-3-4.xsd
http:digital.uflib.ufl.edumetadatasobekcmsobekcm.xsd
METS:metsHdr CREATEDATE 2017-04-10T11:30:51Z ID LASTMODDATE 2009-03-04T13:09:55Z RECORDSTATUS COMPLETE
METS:agent ROLE CREATOR TYPE ORGANIZATION
METS:name UF,University of Florida
OTHERTYPE SOFTWARE OTHER
Go UFDC FDA Preparation Tool
INDIVIDUAL
UFAD\renner
METS:note Per DLC request.
METS:dmdSec DMD1
METS:mdWrap MDTYPE MODS MIMETYPE textxml LABEL Metadata
METS:xmlData
mods:mods
mods:accessCondition type restrictions on use displayLabel Rights [cc0] The author dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law and all related or neighboring legal rights he or she had in the work, to the extent allowable by law.
mods:genre authority marcgt government publication (state, provincial, terriorial, dependent)
bibliography
statistics
non-fiction
mods:identifier ALEPH 000531968
OCLC 12843695
NOTIS ACV4716
mods:language
mods:languageTerm text English
code iso639-2b eng
mods:location
mods:physicalLocation UF
mods:url access object in context http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00001157/00001
mods:name personal
mods:namePart Boyle, James Reid
given James Reid
family Boyle
mods:role
mods:roleTerm Main Entity
Hendry, Charles W
Charles W
Hendry
corporate
Florida -- Bureau of Geology
United States -- Bureau of Mines
mods:note bibliography Includes bibliographical references.
statement responsibility by James R. Boyle and Charles W. Hendry, Jr.
Cover title.
mods:originInfo
mods:publisher Bureau of Geology, Division of Resource Management, Florida Dept. of Natural Resources :
in cooperation with United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines
mods:place
mods:placeTerm marccountry flu
mods:dateIssued marc 1983
point start 1983
mods:recordInfo
mods:recordIdentifier source sobekcm UF00001157_00001
mods:recordCreationDate 851125
mods:recordOrigin Imported from (ALEPH)000531968
mods:recordContentSource University of Florida
marcorg FUG
mods:languageOfCataloging
English
eng
mods:relatedItem original
mods:physicalDescription
mods:extent 11 p. : ; 23 cm.
series
mods:titleInfo
mods:title Information circular State of Florida, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Resource Management, Bureau of Geology
mods:subject SUBJ650_1 lcsh
mods:topic Mineral industries
mods:geographic Florida
SUBJ650_2
Mineral industries
Florida
Statistics
mods:nonSort The
mineral industry of Florida, 1981
mods:typeOfResource text
DMD2
OTHERMDTYPE SOBEKCM SobekCM Custom
sobekcm:procParam
sobekcm:Aggregation ALL
SCIENCES
FAST1
FGS
IUF
sobekcm:MainThumbnail 00002thm.jpg
sobekcm:Wordmark FGS
sobekcm:bibDesc
sobekcm:BibID UF00001157
sobekcm:VID 00001
sobekcm:EncodingLevel I
sobekcm:Publisher
sobekcm:Name Bureau of Geology, Division of Resource Management, Florida Dept. of Natural Resources :
sobekcm:PlaceTerm Tallahassee Fla
in cooperation with United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines
sobekcm:Source
sobekcm:statement UF University of Florida
METS:amdSec
METS:digiprovMD DIGIPROV1
DAITSS Archiving Information
daitss:daitss
daitss:AGREEMENT_INFO ACCOUNT PROJECT UFDC
METS:techMD TECH1
File Technical Details
sobekcm:FileInfo
sobekcm:File fileid JP21 width 2208 height 3090
JPEG1 630 882
JPEG2 951
JP22 2240 3380
JPEG3 943
JP23 2272 3402
JPEG4 928
JP24 2304 3392
JPEG5 936
JP25 3377
JPEG6 913
JP26 2368 3431
JPEG7 938
JP27 3429
JPEG8 899
JP28 2336 3332
JPEG9 912
JP29 3337
JPEG10 879
JP210 3259
JPEG11 884
JP211 3278
JP212 3210
JPEG12 878
METS:fileSec
METS:fileGrp USE archive
METS:file GROUPID G1 TIF1 imagetiff CHECKSUM a2692cd002d8ea6e71928d15236da487 CHECKSUMTYPE MD5 SIZE 6847660
METS:FLocat LOCTYPE OTHERLOCTYPE SYSTEM xlink:href 00002.tif
G2 TIF2 006966181ee1e945bd735c2db4721cbf 7595612
00003.tif
G3 TIF3 065decb0e2df48f4721bb5e3d61d9872 7752112
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G4 TIF4 58b367839afb5762ced6012391b499e2 7842340
00005.tif
G5 TIF5 ebd9df677042b30636bce17357505f09 7698960
00006.tif
G6 TIF6 b35f2b338e57f446d90850fb36da8a93 8151088
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G7 TIF7 a0747a7ec8a1ffc2e2e1f20c8d8fafd2 7926540
00008.tif
G8 TIF8 475bab8f971ea5eadc2e0634b24ac909 7810416
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G10 TIF10 eb7e04789441d349ff3e8509567fdd68 7638708
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G11 TIF11 a00172dd057aa879ce53641582cf4392 7681284
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G12 TIF12 b9bf9d4deff762bc41af6602d1651658 7419588
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reference
imagejp2 e3d1c68ec337cfdf363a1e1192284761 852938
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00014.jp2
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00008.jpg
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00009.jpg
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PAGE 1

The Mineral Industry of Florida This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, and the Florida Bureau of Geology for collecting information on all nonfuel minerals. By James R. Boyle1 and Charles W. Hendry, Jr.2 The value of nonfuel mineral production nonmetals, in order of value, were phosin 1981 in Florida was $1.7 billion, an phate rock, stone, cement, clays, and sand increase of $216.3 million over that of 1980. and gravel. Florida ranked fourth nationally in total Of the 53.6 million tons of phosphate rock value of nonfuel minerals produced, and produced in the United States, Florida was nonmetals accounted for over 95% of the the predominant producer and for the 88th value of the State's mineral output. The consecutive year supplied more than any State ranked first in the production of other State. Florida and North Carolina phosphate rock and was second in crushed supplied 86.3% of the domestic phosphate stone, fuller's earth, masonry cement, and rock output; Florida supplied most of the peat. Staurolite and zircon concentrates exports. were produced only in Florida. Principal Table 1.-Nonfuel mineral production in Florida, 1980 1981 Mineral 1980 Value Value lQuantity (thousands) Quantity (thousands) CementMasonry ----------------thousand short tons-. 285 $22,074 288 $20,757 Portland ----------------do--. 3,574 182,590 3,518 199,064 Clays --------do.--614 224,164 731 235,319 Gem stones -------------------_ ---NA 5 NA 6 Lime_ ----------------------thousand short tons195 12,434 191 11,343 Peat--------------------------------__do 154 2,398 157 2,885 Sand and gravel ---------------------------_do.. r 14,412 r s28,766 p14,149 p32,719 Stone(crushed) ---------------do_.... 66,209 215,972 65,067 226,192 Combined value of clays (kaolin), magnesium compounds, phosphate rock, rare-earth concentrate, sand and gravel ,industrial, 1980), staurolite, titanium concentrates (ilmenite and rutile), and zircon concentrates .-----------------------XX rl,020,855 XX 1,197,304 Total ---------XX rl,509,258 XX 1,725,589 PPreliminary. rRevised. NA Not available. XX Not applicable. 'Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including consumption by producers). 'Excludes kaolin; value included with "Combined value" figure. "Excludes industrial sand; value included with "Combined value" figure. 1

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2 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1981 In 1981, Florida fared better economically Alexander Grant & Co., a Chicago-based than the Nation as a whole. Although accounting firm, conducted a study, in coopresidential construction and road mainteeration with the Conference of State Manunance programs decreased late in the year, facturers' Association, on the general mannonresidential construction increased. The ufacturing business. climateof the 48 coneffect on individual mineral producers detiguous States. The study concluded that in pended on the construction market sup1981, Florida had the best overall business plied, with output mixed throughout the climate for manufacturing among the 48 industry. Road maintenance programs States. Florida ranked 12th in 1979 and 8th decreased because of reduced Federal input. in 1980. Table 2.-Value of nonfuel mineral production in Florida, by county1 (Thousand&) County 1979 1980 Minerals produced in 1980 Couny 179 980in order of value Alachua -------------$2,789 $4,391 Stone. Bay -----------------1,040 1,021 Sand and gravel. Breard -------------W W Clays, stone, sand and gravel. Broward-------------20,607 28,587 Stone, sand and gravel. Calhoun-------------52 46 Sand and gravel. Charlotte --------------__ 717 Stone. Citru --------------6,002 7,594 Stone, phosphate rock. Clay -------26,526 27,858 Titanium, zirconium, staurolite, sand and gravel, clays, monazite. Collier -----------636 8339 Stone. Dade -------W W Cement, stone, sand and gravel Eacambia --------605 617 Sand and graveL Gd..dn-----------W 20,339 Clays, sand and gravel. Glade --------------W W Sand and gravel. Gulf ---------------W W Magnesium compounds, lime. Hamilton ------------W W Phohate rock. Hardee -------------W W andr-------------W 534 Stone. Herando -------W W Cement, stone, lime, clays. I -----W W Peat. n ----------W W Phosphate rock, cement, stone, peat. Jackon -----------620 W Stone. Lake ---------------W W Sand and gravel, peat, clays. L.----------------W W Stone, sand and gravel. Lon ---------------W W Sand and gravel. 7---------------2,846 3,985 Stone. Manatee --------W W Cement, stone. Marion -------------12,772 W Stone, clays, phosphate rock. Monroe -------------2.447 4,020 Stone. Nasu-------------W Okaloo ------------36 17 Sand and gravel. S-------------64 58 Do. Palm ---_-------W 6,319 Stone. Pco--------------W 3,437 Do. Polk 676,298 784,741 Phosphate rock, sand and gravel, peat, stone. Putnam --------W W Sand and gravel, clays, peat. St. La----W W Sand and gravel, satone. Srasmta.----W W Do. Smamr ------W W Lime, stone. Suwannee __ --W 777 Stone. Tir-----------2,787 3,22 Do. Wat ------------W W Sand and gravel. Uniatributsd --------------507.884 601,938 Tot ------------26907 1,509,258 W Withrhed to avoid diclon company ripnetar data; included with "UndistrOxbted." ,rhofln cunsties am nofisted baisnon mineral sported. Baker, Bradford, Columbia, Do S W W n Gdbri. Blm., I-NdRiver, Lafayette, liberty, Madison, Mania, Okechobee t.,w ,ESL Johnm Santa Roa. Seminole, Union., Volusia, Wakulla, and Washington. Sch am stones and values indicated bry symbol W. *D my not add to totals shown becaue of independent rounding.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 3 Table 3.-Indicators of Florida business activity 1980 1981 Change, percent Employment and labor force, annual average: Total civilian labor force -----------------------thousands3,980.0 4,134.8 +3.9 Unemployment -------------------------------------do-199.0 300.9 +51.2 Employment (nonagricultural) Mining------------do---11.0 11.2 +1.8 Manufacturing --------------------------------------do---456.4 466.4 +2.2 Contract construction ------------------------------do----.. 263.9 282.5 +7.0 Transportation and public utilities ----------------------do--.... 220.8 228.6 +3.5 Wholesale and retail trade ---------------------------do--....-939.8 983.0 +4.6 Finance, insurance, real estate ------------------------do 254.2 271.9 +7.0 Services ------------------------------------do..... 811.3 863.4 +6.4 Government ----------------------------------doo.... 618.8 614.6 -.7 .. Total nonagricultural employment -------------------do_ _-3,576.2 23,721.7 +4.1 Personal income: Total ---------------------------------------millions-a $88,693 $102,333 +15.4 Per capita ----.. ------------------------$8,993 $10,050 +11.8 Construction activityNumber of private and public residential units authorized----------------t. 174,451 149,241 -14.5 Value of nonresidential construction ---------------------millions-$2,199.0 $2,930.3 +33.3 Value of State road contract awards ------------------------do-$316.0 $416.0 +31.6 Shipments of portland and masonry cement to and within the State thousand short tons -5,820 5,724 -1.3 Nonfuel mineral production value: Total crude mineral value ---------------------------millions$1,509.3 $1,725.6 +14.3 Value per capita, resident population ---------------------------$155 $177 +14.2 Value per square mile -----------------------------------$25,764 $29,467 +14.4 PPreliminary. 'Includes oil and gas extraction. 2Data do not add to total shown because of independent rounding. Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, US. Department of Labor, Highway and Heavy Construction Magazine, and U.S. Bureau of Mines. 3.000 Q 2.000 o 11 Illi 0 d 1,000 1977 1980 1985 Figure 1.-Total value of nonfuel mineral production in Florida.

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4 MINERAIS YEARBOOK, 1981 Trends and Developments.-The Port of mental Regulation as the designated State Tampa, which handled over 45 million tons agency. Major first-year work projects inof cargo in 1981, shipped the major portion clude hazard mitigation planning, port of exported phosphate. Phosphate rock and dredging and soil disposal, and technical processed phosphate exports totaled 13 milassistance for areas designated as areas of lion tons, down from 16 million tons in 1980. critical State concern. These exports included 9 million tons of The Florida phosphate industry impacted bulk phosphate, down from 12 million tons economically within the State and nationalin 1980. Phosphate accounted for about 90% ly. The U.S. Bureau of Mines released a of all export cargo through the Port of study in 1981 (IC 8850, "Economic SignifiTampa. A new market in bagged phosphate cance of the Florida Phosphate Industry") chemicals developed in China, and nearly on the impact. The study assessed the ecoone-half million tons was exported through nomic significance of the Florida phosphate the port to that market. About 750,000 tons industry to selected counties in Florida, the of aragonite was imported from the BahaState of Florida, and the Nation; it also mas for use in the manufacture of cement, included a brief survey of the industry's down from 1.2 million tons in 1980. international impact. Based on forecasts of In contrast, Port Manatee's phosphate Florida phosphate production in 1981, and exports increased when Beker Industries using constant 1977 dollars, estimates were opened its new mine, with plans to export 1 given for 1981 for regional and national million tons per year through the facility. output, the value of this output, income, Shipments from Beker were expected to and employment created by the phosphate increase up to 3 million tons per year in the industry in Florida. Federal, State, and next several years, according to the compacounty tax revenues generated by the ny.T u, n. , s o a .State's phosphate industry were also estiTexasguif, Inc., started operations at its mated for 1981. The concentrated impact of new $8 million sulfur terminal on Hooker's the phosphate industry on certain areas of Point in Tampa. The terminal, on a 10-acre Florida and on the State's regional indussite leased from the Tampa Port Authority, tries was examined using economic base can store 60,000 tons of liquid sulfur. The tnes was examined usg economic base terminal is supplied by tankers from sulfur analysis complimented by an industrial mines in Texas and Mexico.3 complex approach. The industry's impact at Occidental Petroleum Corp. (Oxy) resumthe State and national levels was examined ed shipments of superphosphoric acid to through input-output analysis. the Soviet Union after the trade embargo In addition, an attempt to forecast for was lifted in April. The original agreement 1990 the effects of constraints on phosphate called for Oxy to ship 1 million tons per rock mining as a result of economic condiyear of superphosphoric acid to the Soviet tions and other factors was included as an Union in exchange for urea, potash, and appendix to the report. Also discussed was anhydrous ammonia. The 20-year agreethe phosphate industry's importance to the ment would be worth about $20 billion. U.S. balance of trade; U.S. agricultural Plans called for Oxy to ship 72,000 tons per production, including forward linkages; the month for the balance of 1981. The NationU.S. sulfur industry; and the phosphate al Safety Council awarded Oxy's White industry's importance to the production of Springs Mine first place in safety for achievfluorine and uranium byproducts from fering the lowest accident incident rate among tilizer manufacturing. member companies. Second place went to Other U.S. Bureau of Mines publications Oxy's Suwannee River Mine. on phosphate included RI 8576, "Fluorine Lesiation and Government Proand Uranium in Phosphate Rock Processing grams.-The Florida Coastal Management and Waste Materials"; RI 8609, "BenefiProgram was approved by the U.S. Departciation of High-Magnesium Phosphate from ment of Commerce Office of Coastal Zone Southern Florida"; and RI 8611, "LargeManagement in September 1981. The entire Scale Dewatering of Phosphate Clay Waste State and its territorial waters were includfrom Central Florida." ed within the Coastal Zone Boundary. The The Bureau, in association with Agrico Florida Coastal Management Program is Chemical Co., initiated tests of borehole based on existing State laws. Twenty-five mining of deep phosphate ore in St. Johns statutes specifically serve as the authorities County. The tests were made to determine if for a direct State control management techdeep phosphate ores in St. Johns County nique with the Department of Environcould be mined economically and in an

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 5 environmentally compatible manner. Agrimap series were also issued. The Bureau of co plans to start additional borehole mining Geology, also involved in mined land reclaexperiments in 1983. mation, developed a Master Reclamation Since 1972, the Bureau's Tuscaloosa RePlan, proposed Chapter 16C-17, Florida Adsearch Center has been involved in projects ministrative Code, addressing lands mined to eliminate holding ponds of phosphate or disturbed by the severance of phosphate waste slimes or develop an improved deprior to July 1, 1975. The plan, scheduled watering system. In-house Bureau project for adoption in 1982, provides procedures to activity during the year included reseVrch reclaim approximately 86,000 acres of dison water recovery from phosphate clay turbed land. slimes, continuous flocculation dewatering The Florida Institute of Phosphate Reand floc formation studies, and reuse and search funded six major projects during the purification of low-quality water for procyear. The funded projects were a Virginia easing. Research continued on devising new Polytechnic Institute study of a clay separaor improved beneficiation methods application process ($49,622), a University of South ble to high-magnesium phosphate deposits. Florida investigation on the utilization of The Bureau reported that the apparent waste gypsum to produce cement ($26,857), consumption of industrial explosives and and a National Council on Radiation Problasting agents in the State in quarrying tection and Measurements study of radiaand nonmetal mining was 23.2 million tion exposure ($34,080). Three projects were pounds in 1981. Of that total, the top two with the U.S. Bureau of Mines: (1) a compretypes, water gels and slurries and other hensive evaluation of slime treatment and high explosives, accounted for 87% of the storage methods ($269,000), (2) the developexplosives used. ment of techniques for utilization of highDuring the year, the Florida Bureau of magnesia phosphate ore ($12,000), and (3) Geology completed six geologic projects in the production of 12,000 ceramic tiles from the State. Thirteen other projects were phosphate slimes and fly ash to be tested at underway on stratigraphy, lithostratigrathe Institute's new headquarter's sidewalks phy, and geomorphology of specific formain Bartow ($5,000). tions and in geographic areas; mineral deThe U.S. Geological Survey studies inposits, such as peat and dolomite, were also clude the geology, geochemistry, and reinvestigated. In addition, the Bureau of sources of peat; geochemistry and hydroGeology maintained a geologic well log chemistry of marine sediments, mineral library and a computerized list of mineral resources, and ground water systems; reproducers and statistics. Six publications search in geophysical data interpretation were issued during the year, including RI off southern Florida; and environmental 91, "The Hawthorn Formation of Central geologic studies of the west Florida contiFlorida," and several publications in the nental shelf. REVIEW BY NONFUEL MINERAL COMMODITIES NONMETALS importer of cement, with about 1 million tons being imported. Portland cement shipCement.-Shipments of both portland ments, mainly in bulk form, were made by and masonry cement remained at about the truck and rail. Principal consumers were same level as those of 1980; portland cement ready-mix concrete dealers, highway conshipments decreased slightly, while those of tractors, building material dealers, and conmasonry cement increased slightly. Produccrete products manufacturers, with the retion of masonry cement in Florida ranked mainder being consumed by other contracsecond nationally, while portland cement tors and government agencies. production ranked sixth. Four companies Most raw materials used to manufacture produced portland cement at five plants; cement were mined within the State and masonry cement was also produced at five included limestone, clay, sand, and stauroplants. A fifth company operated a grinding lite; the use of staurolite is diminishing plant to produce portland cement from because of higher value uses. Olitic aragoimported clinker. Most of the shipments of nite imported from the Bahamas was used both portland and masonry cement were to as well as small amounts of gypsum, clinkusers within the State; Florida was a net er, fly ash, clay, iron ore, and slag; most

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6 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1981 were obtained from out-of-State sources, produce cryolite, aluminum fluoride, sodiEleven rotary kilns were operated at five um silicofluoride, and was also used in plants. Of the 11. 10 were wet process, and 1 water fluoridation. was dry process. About 447 million kilowattGypsum.-Imported gypsum was calcined hours of electrical energy, in addition to at two plants in Duval County and one natural gas, fuel oil, and coal, were consumplant in Hillsborough County. United ed in the manufacture of cement. States Gypsum Co., Jim Walter Corp., and Moore McCormack Resources, Inc., conNational Gypsum Co. calcined gypsum in tinued its $6W million expansion program at kettles, a rotary kiln, and a holoflite unit, the Brooksville plant. The expansion inrespectively, prior to wallboard manufaccludes a second coal-fired kiln and enlarged ture. Production in 1981 remained at the grinding and storage capabilities, which, 1980 level, with value decreasing. Florida when operational in 1982, would double gypsum wallboard was marketed primarily cement output to 1.2 million tons annually. in south Georgia and Florida. Byproduct The company also purchased two cement gypsum was recovered by Occidental Petroplants in Tennessee from Penn Dixie Indusleum Corp. at its plant in Hamilton County; tries, Inc. output remained at about the 1980 level. Lonestar Florida Pennsuco, Inc., installed Lime.-Both quicklime and dehydrated a new finish mill and increased storage lime were produced in Florida. Quicklime capacity at the 1.2-million-ton-per-year cewas produced by Basic Magnesia, Inc., Gulf ment plant at Hialeah. Conversion to coal County; Chemical Lime, Inc., Hernando at its wet-process plant was also completed. County; and Dixie Lime & Stone Co., SumClay%.-Clays mined in Florida included ter County. Hydrated lime was also procommon clay. fuller's earth, and kaolin. duced by Chemical Lime, Inc. Production Total clay production and value increased and value decreased 2.1% and 8.8%, respec1 17.00) tons and $11.2 million, respectively. tively, from those of 1980. Lime was used for Common clay output and value increased: magnesia, water treatment, and sewage dis(mmon clay output and value increased: systems. Common clay was produced by four compMagnesa.-Florida ranked second nandos at four pits in Clay Gadsden, Hernantionally in the recovery of magnesium comdo. and Lake Counties in the northern part pounds from seawater. Basic Magnesia, Inc., of the State. The clay was used in the Port St. Joe, Gulf County, produced caustic manufacture of cement and lightweight agcalcined magnesia and refractory-grade gregate. magnesia from seawater; plant capacity is Florida continued to rank second in the 100,000 tons of MgO equivalent. Shipments Nation in fuller's earth production, with in 1981 increased 6.9%; value increased production increasing. Fuller's earth was 17.7% over that of 1980. mined by four producers from nine pits in Peat.-Florida ranked second nationally Brevard. Gadsden, and Marion Counties. in peat production in 1981. Production inMain end uses were for pet waste and oil creased slightly, while unit value increased and grease absorbents, and in fertilizers, nearly 18%. Eight plants produced moss, pesticides,. and saltwater drilling muds. reed-sedge, and humus peat from five counPennsylvania Glass Sand Corp. completed ties. Most of the peat, shipped in bulk, was an expansion of its processing plant at used for general soil improvement and for Quincy. New facilities were installed for potting soils. clay extrusion, bagging, dust collection, and Perllte (Expanded).-Four companies pneumatic bulk loading, produced expanded perlite from crude ore Kaolin was produced by one company at shipped into the State. Production decreastwo pits in Putnam County; production ed to 29,900 tons, while value increased to increased slightly from that of 1980. A $3.9 million. Perlite was expanded at plants coproduct was silica, which was recovered in Broward, Duval, Escambia, and Indian for glass and other industrial uses. PrinciRiver Counties and was used for construcpal uses for kaolin were in electrical porcetion aggregate, horticultural purposes, insulain, whiteware. and wall tile; major marlation, and fillers. keta were in the Southeast. Phosphate Rock.-Florida ranked first in Fluorine.-Fluorine in the form of fluethe Nation in the production of phosphate silicic acid was recovered at six plants as a rock. Marketable production of phosphate byproduct of wet-process phosphoric acid rock in 1981 decreased slightly in quantity, manufacture. Fluosilicic acid was used to but increased 17.6% in value. The phos-

PAGE 7

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 7 phate industry continued to be the principal to expand capacity from 1.6 to 2.5 million mineral industry in the State. tons per year by early 1982. Also planned Phosphate production decreased gradualfor DeSoto County was a 4-million-ton-perly throughout the year. Inventories increasyear mine near Pine Level. To guarantee ed, resulting in reduced operating levels environmental protection, county officials and temporary closure of some mines and levied a tax to be used in developing a plants. By yearend, mining output was rereview procedure. AMAX will spend over $3 portedly at 47% of capacity, with chemical million at its Plant City defluorination plants at about 59% capacity. Decreased plant to control fugitive dust. Wet scrubbers demand and large inventories of processed were also to be redesigned for improved phosphates resulted in prices frequently efficiency. below stated production costs. The drop in Beker Phosphate, Inc., started operating sales of about 20% was attributed to high its Wingate Creek Mine and beneficiating interest rates and low crop prices. Adequate plant late in the year, with two floating phosphorus levels in the soil permitted dredges removing overburden and matrix. deferments of applications. Exports, reportCapacity should increase to 1 million tons ed to be off as much as 3 to 4 million tons, per year, with output shipped through the were down because of increased competition company's new facilities at Port Manatee to and the strength of the U.S. dollar. In spite the company's fertilizer plant in Louisiana. of reduced demand and increased inventoManatee County officials questioned comparies, reported expansions underway or ny transportation modes when they used planned for completion by 1986 exceeds $2 trucks instead of rail to move the phosphate billion, with expenditures in 1981 approachto the port. By yearend, negotiations were ing $600 million. Environmental conunderway to settle the dispute. straints and the low demand for phosphates The C. F. Industries, Inc., proposed mine may cause delays in meeting planned schedin Hardee County would require a Natural ules. Pollutant Discharge Elimination System The Florida Phosphate Council estimated permit. The mine's capacity was to be 2 that about $78.5 million was collected in million tons per year for the first 4 years, severance taxes from phosphate producers possibly increasing to 4 million tons per during the year. The $1.67-per-ton rate was year. Construction of the company's second to increase to $1.84 per ton in 1982. Discusphosphate plant in Hardee County continsions continued over returning a portion of ued, with completion of the 2-million-tonseverance taxes to the producing counties; per-year facility expected by 1984. at present, all monies go to the State Estech, Inc., continued to plan developtreasury. ment of its proposed 3-million-ton-per-year Soft-rock phosphate was produced by four Duette Mine in Manatee County. In an companies in 1981, operating five mines in effort to ensure no damage to the area's Citrus and Marion Counties. The soft-rock main water supply near the minesite, counphosphate was used for direct application to ty officials adopted the toughest phosphate the soil and, if low in fluorine, as an animal restrictions in the State and denied permit fooed supplement. approval. The Governor and Cabinet agreed Land-pebble phosphate was produced at to granting of the permits, but the action 21 mines by 12 companies in Hamilton, was challenged in the courts by Manatee Hlardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, and Polk County officials. The court upheld the Counties. In 1981, agricultural uses acState's decision, and negotiations between counted for 75%; industrial, 1%; and excounty and company officials began. In Polk ports, 24%. Normal superphosphate, triple County, Estech began mining phosphate superphosphate, wet-process phosphoric rock that was previously buried under slime acid, and defluorinated phosphate rock ponds. By dewatering the ponds, about 3.5 were produced for agricultural uses. Industo 4 million tons of phosphate will be trial chemicals were produced from the recovered, extending the life of the mine production of elemental phosphorus. nearly 2 years. AMAX Phosphate, Inc., had its first full Farmland Industries, Inc., continued efyear of operations after purchasing the forts to develop its first mining operation in mining operations and phosphate reserves Hardee County; the company presently opof Borden, Inc., in mid-1980. The company erates a chemical plant near Bartow. Jacobs had one active mine, the Big Four Mine, in Engineering Group was awarded a contract southeast Hillsborough County, with plans for engineering and design work for the

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8 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1981 proposed mine and beneficiation plant. Enwould be required each year. gineering and design work was scheduled Mobil Chemical Co. proceeded with the for completion by mid-1982, with plant permitting process to develop the South startup for late 1983. The facility's capacity Fort Meade Mine scheduled for operation in was rated at 2 million tons per year. 1984. The 3-million-ton-per-year mine will W. R. Grace & Co. continued construction replace Mobil's Fort Meade Mine, scheduled and participated in two joint ventures; one to close in 1988. Mobil plans to construct a with International Minerals & Chemical new phosphate rock terminal in Tampa. Corp. (IMC) in the Four Corners Mine and The terminal would have loading and unbeneficiation plant, and the other with loading facilities, a storage area, and U.S.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc. (USSAC), in a berthing facilities for large ore carriers. The chemical complex. The Four Corners Mine facility was scheduled to be operational in is a $615 million investment to produce 5 1984. million tons of phosphate per year. The USSAC and W. R. Grace started conmine, located in Hardee, Hillsborough, structing a new phosphoric acid plant at Manatee, and Polk Counties, was scheduled Fort Meade. Completion and startup was to start operating in 1983. The other project scheduled for July 1982. The planned $24 involves a $200 million phosphoric acid million expansion of the company's Rockplant at Fort Meade, with completion schedland Mine has been deferred because of uled for July 1982. reduced market demands. IMC, the world's largest private producer Sand and Gravel.-To reduce reporting of phosphate and phosphate chemical prodburdens and costs, the Bureau of Mines uctsa completed construction of its New implemented new canvassing procedures Wales sulfuric acid plant in Polk County. for its surveys of sand and gravel producers. Through the venture with W. R. Grace and Beginning with the collection of 1981 propurchase of other properties, IMC reported duction data, the survey of construction an increase in reserves by an estimated 270 sand and gravel producers will be conducted million tons of phosphate rock. The new for even-numbered years only; the survey of IMC 61-yard dragline, the largest in the industrial sand and gravel producers will area, began mining at the company's Clear continue to be conducted annually. ThereSpring Mine. IMC, with funding by the fore, this chapter contains only preliminary Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, is estimates for construction sand and gravel working with the other phosphate compaproduction but contains complete data on nies on a process to reduce the number of industrial sand and gravel. The preliminary phosphate slime ponds. The experiment estimates for production of construction calls for pumping thickened clay, stored in a sand and gravel for odd-numbered years centralized slime pond for 6 months, to will be revised and finalized the following mining sites. The clays would be topped year. with overburden. The objective is to restore Total sand and gravel production decreasthe mining site and reduce the need for ed from that of 1980. The Florida Rock large storage areas. Early in the year, IMC Industries, Inc., sand plant at Keuka was signed an agreement to ship 360,000 tons of refurbished, and a new sand plant ir phosphate rock per year by unit train to Marion County went onstream during the Canada. Approximately 58 unit trains year. Table 4.-Florida: Sand and gravel sold or used by producers 1980 1981 Quantity Value Value Quantity Value Value (thouand (thour (thousand (thouper shorttons) sands) ton short tons) sands) ton Construction: Sand..r...... ......_ .r13,253 r$26,174 $1.97 NA NA NA Gravel. -------------------------1,159 2.592 2.24 NA NA NA Total oraverage ...------..-------.....---.......-----. 14,41 r28,766 1.99 P13.800 P$28,800 P$2.05 Industrialsand -----------------------.-W W r6.82 349 4,419 12.66 Grand totalor average --------------W W r227 14149 32,719 P2.31 -Prelimnary. 'Revisd. NA Not available. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 9 Staurollte.-Florida was the only State nando, which supplied 70.1% of the State's with a recorded production of staurolite. total production. Thirteen companies proStaurolite was recovered as a byproduct of duced over 1 million tons each from 28 ilmenite processing at the Highland and quarries and accounted for 67% of the Trail Ridge plants of E. I. duPont de Neproduction and 72% of the value. nmours & Co. and the Green Coves Springs Crushed stone was transported mainly by plant of Associated Minerals (USA) Ltd., truck and railroad and was used for denseboth in Clay County. Although production graded road base, concrete and bituminous and total value decreased, unit value inaggregate, and cement manufacture. Six creased. Staurolite was mainly used in companies processed oyster shell for roadsandblasting, with minor amounts used in bed material. Companies supplying crushed cement and as foundry sand. stone throughout the State often utilized a Stone.-Florida ranked second in the Nadedicated train concept for markets over 60 tion in crushed stone production, which miles distant. included limestone, marl, and oyster shell. The Florida Rock Industries, Inc., modOutput dropped slightly, but unit value ernization and expansion program at the increased. Gulf Hammock plant was completed during Stone was produced by 88 companies at the year, with capacity tripling to 450 tons 131 quarries in 25 counties. The three leadper hour of finished product. ing counties were Dade, Broward, and HerTable 5.-Florida: Crushed stone' sold or used by producers, by use (Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) Use 1980 1981 Quantity Value Quantity Value Agricultural limestone-----..----..................---------------..... 1,729 8,299 1,264 7,064 Agricultural marl and other uil conditioners ----------115 632 136 840 Poultry grit and mineral food......-------------..--------..497 3,064 W 2,748 Concreteaggregate------................------------------------14,583 57,691 15,168 65,208 Bituminous aggregate -----------------------------4.604 17,010 8,465 14,565 Donseradedroad base stone---------------------16,497 40,326 15,485 42,605 Surface-treatment aggregate ----------------------...... 3,708 14,716 2,482 11,586 Other construction aggregate and road stone -----------12,164 32,946 18,088 37,739 Riprap and jetty stone -------------------------59 398 256 687 Filter stone --------------------------------W W 189 850 Manufactured fine aggregate (stone sand)-------------5,813 23,134 4,498 17,909 Cement manufacture---------------------------2,337 5,615 2,432 7,816 Lime manufacture -------------------------------449 1.120 387 1,062 Ahalt filler -------------------------------20 221 26 264 Other fillers-----------------------------------184 1,288 191 1,447 FilL-------------------------------------. 2,288 5,068 5,539 13,334 Glass manufacture ---------------------------20 191 21 214 Other's -------------------------------------1,140 4,257 490 304 Total-------------------------..-.. --..--. 66,209 215,972 65,067 226,192 W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other." 'Includes limestone, shell, and marl. 'Includes stone used for macadam aggregate, railroad ballast (1980), whiting or whiting substitute (1981), and other uses not specified (1981). 'Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. Sulfur.-Florida ranked fifth in the Navermiculite was produced by two operators tion in the production of byproduct elemenat four plants in Broward, Duval, and Hillstal sulfur. Recovered sulfur from Exxon's borough Counties from crude ore shipped natural gas desulfurization plants in Santa into the State. Production increased slightly Rosa County decreased in 1981 compared over that of 1980, while unit value increased with that of 1980. 19.6%. Principal uses were for concrete Vermiculite (Exfoliated).-Exfoliated aggregate, horticulture, and insulation.

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10 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1981 METALS ty. Florida was the only domestic produce, of rare earth from mineral sands mining.1 Mieai Sands.-Du Pont and Aseociated Production and value increased substantial. Minerals (an Australian-based company) ly over that of 1980. produced conce from their heavy Titanium concentrates.-Du Pont and mineral operations i Clay County. In 1980, Associated Minerals in Clay County, pro, Assocated Minerals acquired the Titaniduced titaniium concentrates for use in tita. um Enterprise operation at Green Cove nium dioxide pigment manufacture. SpringsSince then, Associated Minerals Zircon.-Production and value of zircor has been modifying the operation to inconcentrates from Du Pont and Associate, crease efficiency and capacity. Changes Minerals, both in Clay County, increased i have been made in the dredging sequence, 1981. Florida was the only producer o and wet mill faciltieszircon concentrates in the United States. Rutile shipments increased, while ilmen____ .-. it shipments decreased. 'State Liaison Officer, Bureau of Mines, Tuscaloosa, Ala Rare-Earth Minerals.-Associated Min'State geologist, Florida Bureau of Geology, Tallahasseel erals produced monazite concentrates as a lChemical Week. Mar. 18,1981. p. 25. byproduct from its operations in Clay CounTable 6.-Principal producers Commodity and company Address Type of activity County Cement General Portland. Inc ------12700 Park Central Place Plants ------Dade and Suite 2100 -Hillsborough. Dallas TX 75251 Lonetar Florida Pennuco Inc _ Box 2035 PVS Plant -------Dade. Hialeah, FL 33012 Moore McCormack Resources, Box 23965 _-___do -----Hernando. Inc. Tampa FL 33622 Hinker Portland Cement Corp Box650679 --_do -----Dade. Miami, FL 33165 ld Minerals & Chemical Menlo Park Open pit mines Brevard. Edison, NJ 08817 and lant. Mid Mining -------Box 68-F do -Marion. Lowell. FL 32663 Pennsylvania Glaea Sand Corp -Berkeley Springs, WV 25411 ----do-----Gadsden. Gypsum (calcinedk Jim Walter Corp ---------Box 135 Plant -------DuvaL Jacksonville, FL 32226 National Gypsum Co ------4100 First IntL Bldg. __ do -----Hillsborough. Dallas TX 75270 United States Gypsum Co ----101 South Wacker Dr. ----do -----Duval. Chicago, IL 60606 Basic Magnesia, Inc -----Box 160 -do -----Gulf. Port St. Joe, FL 32456 Chemical Lime, Inc --------Box 317 ___--o -----Hernando. LesburgIFL 32748 Dixie Lime & Stone Co. Drawer217 -_-_do -----Sumter. Sumterville, FL 33585 icMagnaia. Inc -------Box 160 -__do -----Gulf. Port St. Joe, FL 32456 Peat F. E Stearns Peat --------Route 1, Box 542D Bog --------Hillsborough. Dover, FL 33527 Peace River Peat Co -------Box 1192 Bog-Polk. Bartow.FL 33830 Superior Peat & Sail -------Box 1688 Bog Hihlands. Sebring,FL 33870 Airit9= Corp.of Route 2, Box 740 Plant ------IndianRiver. Florda. Vero Beach, FL 32960 Armtong Cork Co -------Box 1991 -__--do -----Ecambia. Pensacola, FL 32589 Chemack* orp ---------End of Osage Street ____do DuvaL Nashville, TN 37208 W. L Grace & Co.-----62 Whittemore Ave. -do -----Broward. Cambridge, MA 02140 See otnotes at end of table.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 11 Table 6.-Principal producers -Continued Commodity and company Address Type of activity County Phosphate rock: Agrico Chemical Co -------Box 3166 Open pit mines Polk. Tulsa, OK 74101 and plants. AMAX Phosphate, Inc ------402 South Kentucky Ave. Open pit mine and Hillsborough. Lakeland, FL 33801 plant. Beker Phosphate, Inc ------Box 9034 _---do -----Manatee. Bradenton, FL 33506 Brewster Phosphates ------Bradley, FL 33835 -----------do -----Hillsborough and Polk. C. F. Industries, Inc -------Box 790 __-do -----Hardee. Plant City, FL 33566 Estech, Inc _--______ Box208 Open pit mines-Polk. BartowFL 33830 GardinierInc-----------Box 3269 Open pit mine and Do. Tampa FL 33601 plant. International Minerals & BoxOpen pit mines __ Do. Chemical Corp. Bartow, FL 38830 Mobil Chemical Co.s ---Box 311 _--do Do. Nichols, FL 33863 Occidental Petroleum Corp ---White Springs, FL 32096 ------..--do -----Hamilton. U.S.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc ---Box 867 Open pit mine -Polk. Fort Meade, FL 33841 W. R. Grace & Co---------Box471 Open pit mine and Do. Bartow, FL 33830 plant Sand and gravel: Florida Rock Industries, Inc., 744 Riverside Ave. Pits --------Clay, Glades, Shands & Baker. Jacksonville, FL 32201 Lake, Lee, Marion, Polk, Putnam. General Development Corp .... 1111 South Bayshore Dr. .. -do -----St. Lucie and Miami, FL 33131 Sarasota. E. R. Jahna Industries, Inc., First & East Tillman ----do -----Glades, Lake, Ortona Sand Co. Div. Lake Wales, Fl 33853 Hendry, Polk. Silver Sand Co. of Clermont Inc -Route 1, Box US 1 Pit --------Lake. Clermont, FL 32711 Staurolite: Associated Minerals (USA) Ltd., Green Cove Springs, FL 32043 _ Mine and plant _ Clay. Inc. E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co _ DuPont Bldg. D-10084 Mines and plantsDo. Wilmington, DE 19898 Stone: Florida Crushed Stone Co ----Box 317 Quarries -----Hernando, Leesburg, FL 32748 Sumter, Taylor. Florida Rock Industries, Inc--Box 4467 ...----do -----Collier, Hernando, Jacksonville, FL 32201 Lee, Levy, St Lucie. Lone Star Florida, Inc ------Box 6097 Quarry ------Dade. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33310 Rinker Southeastern Materials, Box 2634 Quarries-----Do. Inc. Hialeah, FL 33012 Vulcan Materials Co --------.. Box 7324-A ----do -----Broward and Birmingham, AL 35223 Dade. itanium concentrates: Associated Minerals (USA) Ltd., Green Cove Springs, Mine and plant_ Clay. Inc. FL 32043 EI. duPont de Nemours & Co __ DuPont Bldg. D-10084 Mines and plantsDo. Wilmington, DE 19898 'Also stone. 2Also exfoliated vermiculite. 'Also elemental phosphorus.

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FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BUREAU OF GEOLOGYf C. W. Hendry, Jr., Chief S. R. Windham, Assistant Chief Sandie Ray, Secretary Richard Seymore, Secretary OIL AND GAS SECTION L. David Curry, Administrator Clarence Babcock, Engineer Gwen Manning, Clerk-Typist Robert Caughey, Geologist Charles Tootle, Engineer Cynthia Gordon, Geologist Jean Wehrmeyer, Secretary Joan Gruber, Secretary RECLAMATION REGULATION W. Ross McWilliams, Administrator Sus:e Coleman, Admin. Asst. Amber Mahaffey, Secretary Greg Daugherty, Environ. Super. Jack Merriam, Biologist Lee Edmiston, Engineer Spec. Harry Neel, Geologist Bruce Greenwood, Geologist Lou Neuman, Forester Randy Holcomb, Secretary Joan Ragland, Geologist Zoe Kulakowski, Geologist Lee Sherwood, Environ. Super. Jackie Lloyd, Geologist Wesley Winmmer, Engineer RECLAMATION RESEARCH J. William Yon, Administrator Mondell Beach, Environ. Spec. GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS SECTION Walter Schmidt, Administrator Albert Applegate, Geologist Ronald Hoenstine, Geologist E. W. Bishop, Geologist Julia Jones, Secretary Paulette Bond, Geologist Thomas Scott, Geologist Kenneth Campbell, Geologist TECHNICAL SUPPORT Ed Lane, Administrator Mary Ann Cleveland, Librarian James P. Jones, Draftsman Jessie Hawkins, Custodial Earl Maxwell, Statistician Justin Hodges, Engineer SImnie Murphy, Pressman Richard Howard, Sample Prep. Albert Phillips, Engineer Paultne Hurst, Draftsman Steve Spencer, Geologist Dorothy Janson, Illustrator

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