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FLORIDA STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
HERMAN GUNTER, State Geologist
BULLETIN No. 9
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE UPPER, MIDDLE
AND PART OF THE LOWER MIOCENE
OF FLORIDA
JOSEPiH A. CUSHMAN AND GERALD M. PONTON
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Published for
THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TALLAHASSEE, 1932
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To His Excellency, Hon. Doyle E. Carlton,
Governor of Florida.
Sir:
I have the honor to submit herewith for publication as Bulletin No. 9 of the Florida State Geological Survey, a report entitled "The Foraminifera of the Upper, Middle and Part of the Lower Miocene of Florida" by Dr. Joseph A. Cushman, of Sharon, Mass., and Gerald M. Ponton, Assistant Geologist, Florida Geological Survey, which has been prepared in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey without expense to the Florida Survey other than the cost, of illustrations and of publication. This is the most complete report on these microscopic fossils contained in the Miocene formations of Florida yet published and will do much to further our knowledge of the rich fauna of these formations. More and more interest is being exhibited in these minute organisms, especially by oil geologists engaged in structural studies.
Respectfully,
HERMAN GUNTER,
State Geologist.
Tallahassee, Florida.
October 13, 1932.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction ................................................................................................................ 7
Previous foraminiferal literature ........................................................................... 8
List of Stations and distribution of species ......................................................... 8
Correlations of the Florida Miocene .................................................................... 18
The Hawthorn formation ............................................................................................
The Chipola formation ............................................................................................. 22
The Oak Grove sands ................................................................................................. 23
The Shoal River formation ....................................................................................... 24
The Choctawhatchee formation with reprint of "Faunal Zones of the
Miocene Choctawhatchee formation of Florida," by W. C. Mansfield
and Gerald M. Ponton ....................................................................................... 25
Florida Miocene and Miocene north of Florida compared .............................. 29
R elative ages ................................................................................................................ 29
Sedimentation and Ecology ..................................................................................... 30
Characteristic species .............................................................................................. 32
Percentage of recent foraminifera in the zones and formations ............ 36
Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................... 38
Systematic description of species ........................................................................... 39
In d ex .............................................................................................................................. 143
ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES
PAGE
P lates 1-17 ...................................................................................................................... 107
Fig. 1, Map of fossil localities .................................................................................. 11
Table No. 1, Distribution of species .............................................................. In pocket
Table No. 2, Sections at Alum Bluff ........................................................ Opposite 18
[5]
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE UPPER, MIDDLE
AND PART. OF THE LOWER MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN AND GERALD M. PONTON
INTRODUCTION
In. 1930 the Florida Geological Survey published as Bulletin number 4, "The Foraminifera of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida" by Dr. Cushman, which bulletin included that formation from the top of the Oancellaria zone to the Arca zone as exposed at its type locality near Red Bay, Walton County.
Dr. W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton in 1930 discovered several new exposures of the Choctawhatchee in west Florida and determined that these represented lower divisions of the Choctawhatchee than had heretofore been examined.
Later the junior author made collections at many localities of the upper zones of the Choctawhatchee and extended the range of some of the species as retorted by Dr. Cushman with also some additions
to the list of species.
Although originally to cover only the foraminifera of the Alum Bluff Group of the Miocene of Florida, the scope of the report now includes a revision of the upper zones of the Choetawhatchee, the foraminiferal fauna of the lower zones of the Choctawhatchee, and of the Shoal River formation, the Oak Grove sand and the Chipola formation of the Alum Bluff Group.
In the collection of samples of the Chipola formation we were extremely successful. Owing to the drought of 1931 the typical Orthaulax. gabbi zone of the Chipola at Alum Bluff appeared above water-level for the first time in years; we found within a half mile of the type locality of the Chipola, with uninterrupted exposure of the marl intervening, a bed which was unoxidized (the Chipola at the type locality on McClelland's farm and at Alum Bluff are so highly oxidized that the fossils are comparatively poorly preserved). Unoxidized typical Chipola was also found on Tenmile Creek; the exposure in the bed of Econfina River on Bryant Scott's farm in Bay County has presented interesting information in that the fauna shows the gradually changing conditions from the warm Chipola to the colder water conditions in the formations above.
[71
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
PREVIOUS FORAMINIFERAL LITERATURE
The most important papers that have been published describing the foraminiferal fauna of the Florida Miocene are as follows: "Some Pliocene and Miocene Foraminifera of the Coastal Plain of the United States," United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 676, 1918; "Lower Miocene Foraminifera of Florida," United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 128-B, 1920; and "The Foraminifera of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida," Florida State Geological Survey Bulletin 4, 1930. All were authored by Dr. Cushman.
The second paper mentioned dealt with the fauna of the Alun Bluff Group. The scarcity of specimens (only 18 species were recorded) in the samples used for that report can only be explained by the assumption that they were procured from the matrix washed from specimens of mollusks, and in the washing most of the foraminifera were floated off.
In addition to the main papers mentioned above there are a number of random records of species from the Florida Miocene, and efforts have been made to cover these fully in the synonymies. Perhaps the most important sources of these random records are the Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. A number of records occur in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 77, 1930, Art. 6 dealing with the Poly morphinidae.
LIST OF STATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES
A list of the localities sampled with full details and a table (Table No. 1 in envelope inside back cover) showing the distribution of species and including those records from Bulletin 4, which are added to those *of the newer collections are given. These have been restudied in the light of our increased knowledge of this group and also of the recent faunas from the same general region. Those species which are new or were not adequately figured in Bulletin 4, are here figured for the use of students working with this fauna. A reference is given to the figures in Bulletin 4 for the other species so that the two bulletins together will give illustrations of practically all the species of the Florida Miocene from and including the Chipola formation to the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation, the uppermost Miocene.
A map showing the location of the stations will be found on page 11.
LIST OF STATIONS
Sample No. 1.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/954.-Dripping Spring on Fourmile Creek, 1/2 mile northwest of Clarksville, Calhoun County. Here six feet
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
or more of highly fossiliferous "shell marl is exposed with the shells more itunierous towards tile base. At the base of the bed is an erosional unconformity separating it from, presumably, the "Alum Bluff sands" of Dall, now the Chipola formation. At tile unconformity are fragmentary bones of Sircnia and teeth of shark, likely Carcharodon megalodon. Mansfield placed this station in the Becphora zone of the Choctawhatchee formation and this correlation was confirmed in April 1.932 by the finding of a specimen of Ecphora quadricostata var. umbilicata by Mansfield atld Ponton. This locality is easily accessible and the molluscan fauna is well preserved and quite numerous especially in respect to the Pelecypoda. Collected by G. Al. Ponton and J. C. Simpson, November, 1930.
Sample No. 2.-U. S. G. S. localities 1/706 and 1/955.-Gully Sink at the northwest end of Gully Pond, about 31/ miles east of Greenhead, in "The Deadens," Washington County, and 1/2 miles west of tle Hiamlin Pond locality (See sample No. 26 below). Mansfield in F. S. G. S. Bull. No. 3, p. 19 placed this station in the Canccllaria zone of the Cioctawhatchee formation. This locality is most difficult to find except with a guide familiar with the maze of wood-roads of "The Deadens." The molluscan fauna is quite large especially as to the Pelecypoda, but as the marl is oxidized and indurated, tie preservation of the fossils has suffered considerably. Almost 3 feet of marl is exposed. Collected by G. M. Ponton and J. C. Simpson, October 8, 1930.
Sanple No. 3.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/946.-larveys Creek in SW% Sec. 9, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., about 11/2 miles east of Florida Road No. 19, Leon County. This is the type locality of the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. This locality is easily accessible on Florida Road No. 19 from Tallahassee, and the molluscan fauna is especially well balanced between Pelecypoda and Gastropoda and tile preservation is excellent. (See note after Sample No. 6). Collected by H. Gunter and 0. Al. Ponton, September 9, 1929.
Sample No. 4a.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 12718.--The upper eight to ten
feet of the section exposed on the Chester Spence farm at a small dripping spring in the NEI4 of the NE1 4 of Sec. 17, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., Walton County. (See discussion below). Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, April 13, 1932.
Sample No. 4b.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 10612.-The lower four feet or more of the section exposed'on the Chester Spence farm at a small dripping spring ill the NEB4 of the NE of See. 17, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., Walton County. (See discussion below). Collected by W. (. Mansfield and G. Al. Ponton, April 13, 1932.
DIscussIoN:-Dr. Julia A. Gardner reported U. S. G. S. locality No. 10612 on the Chester Spence farm as Shoal River formation in Professional Paper No. 142-A, p. 4, 1926. In the spring of 1930 and again in 1931 Mansfield and Ponton made collections at this locality and decided that it represented a transitional zone between the Shoal River and Choctawhatchee formations but the finding of the large Yoldia, Yoldia waltonensis, here made it questionable as to whether it
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
did not represent a portion of the Yoldia zone of the Choctawhatchee.1 In April 1932 Mansfield and Ponton revisited the locality, and by very careful collecting found that the large Yoldia was restricted to the upper eight to ten feet of the section together with other species of mollusks which had been found to be confined to the Choctawhatchee formation, and the lower part of the section had a distinct Shoal River fauna. Miss Gardner apparently obtained her collection from the lower portion. Owing to the small molluscan fauna at the type locality of the Yoldia zone on the Frazier farm (see Sample No. 9) it is possible that the upper part of the section at this locality (Chester Spence farm) represents the lower part of the Yoldia zone and on the other hand the molluscan fauna of the lowest part of the section not presenting as large a fauna as at the typical exposure of the Cardium beds of the Shoal River, it is possible that it represents the top part of the Cardium beds. The two beds are separated by a thin oxidized seam, but apparently are conformable. The matrix in the upper bed is less sandy than in the lower. The locality is easily accessible by taking the Steele Church Road from DeFuniak Springs. The molluscan fauna is a beautiful representation of transitional faunas, and while the shells are well preserved they are somewhat soft while wet, but harden on drying.
The foraminiferal fauna of the Yoldia zone in general is one of mostly comparatively deep water, widely ranging forms. Perhaps the two most striking species of the zone are Plectofrondicularia nwasfieldi and Virgulina (Virgulinella) miocenica. The former shows decided relationship with the Shoal River, and the latter ranges from the lower part of the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee to the Oak Grove sand. The species Nodogenierina advena and Bulimina b chiaua have been recorded from the Yoldia zone and nowhere else in the Florida Miocene.
Although a study of the individual species represented in the two beds at the Chester Spence farm is somewhat unsatisfactory we find a considerable difference in the fauna as a whole, as the list below will readily show.
Mansfield, W. C. and Ponton, G. M., Faunal zones in the Miocene Choctawhatchee formation of Florida. Washington Acad. of Sc. Journal, vol. 22, No. 4,
p. 85, 1932.
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Fig. 1. Map of P portion of western in this report. (See pages 8 to 18 and 21
Florida showing fossil localities. The numbers in circles refer to sample numbers used to 22.)
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN THE UPPER (YOLDIA ZONE OF THE
CHOCTAWHATCHEE) AND LOWER (Ga.RDIUM BED OF THE
SHOAL RIVER) BEDS ON THE CHESTER SPENCE FARM
SPECIES UPPER BED LOWER BED Textularia mayori ................ Common .................. Common
T extularia articulata ........................................................................................... Few
Sigm oilina tenuis .................................................................................................... F ew
Robulus aiericanus ................................ 1 specimen .................... Quite numerous
Robulus aniericanus spinosus ................ Rare .............................. Quite numerous
R obulus lotus ............................................ R are .................................................. R are
Robulus vaughani .............3 specimens.................. Very numerous
Saracenaria acutauricularis .................. Rare ........................................ Numerous
I)entalina commmnis ................................ 1 fragment ................................ Common
N odosaria longiscata ................................................................................................ F ew
Lagena marginato-l)erforata .............................................................. Quite common
L agena gracilis .......................................................................................................... F ew
G lobulina inaequalis ................................................................................................ Few
Nonion grateloupi .................................... Common ................Numerous
Nonion pizarrensis ..................................Few........................ Few
Nonionella auris ...................................... Common .................................... Common
Elphidium poeyanun .............................. Fairly common ............ Fairly common
Plectofrondicularia mansfieldi ............ Fairly common ................................ Rare
A m phim orphina sp.? ................................ R are ..............................................................
Nodogenerina advena .............................. 3 specimens ................................................
Buliminella elegantissina ...................... Common .................................... Common
Buliminella curta .................Common.................. Common
Bulimina buchiana .................................. Fairly common ..........................................
V irgulina gunteri ......................... ............. Few .................................................... R are
Virgulina miocenica ................................ Numerous ................................ Numerous
V irgulina pontoni ................................................................................................ R are
Bolivina marginata .................................. Common ...................................... Common
Bolivina marginata multicostata .......... Common ...................................... Common
Bolivina floridana ....................................Few........................ Rare
Chrysalidinella pulchella ...................................................................................... Few
Uvigerina peregrina ................................ Quite numerous .................... Numerous
Eponides mansfieldi ................................ Few .................................................... Few
Valvulineria floridana .................................................................................. Common
Rotalia beccarii parkinsoniana ............ Occasional ............................ Occasional
Cancris sagra ............................................ Few ............................................ Common
Pulvinulinella pontoni ............................ Numerous ................................ Numerous
Cassidulina Inevigata carinata .......................................................................... Few
Globorotalia menardii ............................ Few .................................................... Few
Cibicides concentricus ............. Numerous ............... Numerous
Cibicides floridanus ................................Few........................ Few
Dyocibicides biserialis ............................ Rare .................................................... Few
Globigerinidae ............................................ 75% of specimens .... Comparatively few
Orbulina universa .................................... Very numerous ................................ Few
Sample No. 5.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 9959.-One-quarter mile wost of
Alaqua School or Pleasant Ridge Church, in small gorge cut by the run of a dripping spring on the Stafford farm in See. 6, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., Walton County. Typical of the Cardium bed of the Shoal. River formation. This locality is easily reached by the Alaqua School road out of DeFuniak Springs. The molluscan fauna is well preserved and< sliecies are quite numerous. Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, March 11, 1930.
DISCUSSION :-An exposure with a similar molluscan fauna occurs at a dripping spring on Langley's old farm in Sec. 9, T. 2 N., R.. 19
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
W., Walton County. By an accident the foraminifera from this locality were contaminated in the laboratory. This locality is reached by the Steele Church road out of DeFuniak Springs, and the molluscan fauna is excellently preserved and species are quite numerous.
Sample No. 6.-Harveys Creek at abafidoned settlement called Yankeetown, in See. 16, T. 1 S., R. 3 V., Leon County. C(nccllaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. This locality can be reached by walking upstream from the locality on IHarveys Creek listed under Sample No. 3. The molluscan fauna here is represented almost exclusively by numerous specimens of the genus Turritella. About 2 feet of marl is exposed on the banks. Collected by J. H. C. lartens, 1928.
DISCUSSION :-This last station proved of importance as being the type locality of the new genus Rectocibicides represented by R. miocenicus. Here this species occurs abundantly. The only other record for the form rests on a few specimens from the type locality of the Cancellaria, zone of Harveys Creek (See sample No. 3), at which locality our samples were taken from the bed of the creek from the unaltered marl with no especial care being taken 1'o eliminate the chance admixture with the oxidized marl in the banks. Recently the junior author sampled carefully both the marl in the bed of the creek and the indurated material some 4 to 5 feet higher in the banks, with the result that no Rectocibicides were found in the former, while the latter had quite numerous specimens somewhat poorly preserved but showing all the characteristics. From this it would appear that Rectobicides is restricted to a part of the C(Jucellaria zone and near the top.
Sample No. 7.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 12268.-Bed of Econfina River, Bryant Scott's farm, Sec. 28, T. 2 N., It. 12 V., Bay County. Placed by Gardner at the top of the Chipola formation (See page 22 of this report). This locality is not easily accessible without the services of a local guide. The molluscan fauna is large and well preserved, but the specimens are somewhat scattered in a tough marl. Collected by IV. C. Mansfield and G. Ml. Ponton, March 1931.
Sample No. 8.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 12046.-100 feet below small falls near head of Vaughan Creek (locally known as Blounts Creek), in Sec. 27, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., Walton County. Placed in the lower part of the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The molluscan fauna at this locality is especially well preserved and numerous as to species. The locality is easily accessible from DeFuniak Springs on Florida State Road No. 40. Six feet of marl is exposed here. The exposures aloug Vaughan Creek to our knowledge form the most extensive continuous outcrop of the Choctawlatchee in Florida. Collected by G. M. Ponton and J. C. Simpson, October 11, 1930.
Sample No. 9.-U. S. G.S. locality No. 12060.-Frazier's old farm (formerly the Spencer farm) in the SE1/4 Sec. 18, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., Walton County. Mansfield and Ponton choose this locality as the type for the Yoldia zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The molluscan fauna here is represented by the large species, Yoldia ivaltonensis, almost exclusively.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
The locality is reached by a road leading from Alaqua School (See sample No. 5) to the Steele Church. Six feet of marl is exposed here. Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, March 1930.
Sample No. 10.--Tenmile Creek, from bridge to % mile below bridge on the Marianna-Clarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna, Calhoun County. This locality represents typical Chipola formation, and the molluscan fauna is beautifully preserved and carries large numbers of both species and specimens. This is perhaps the best locality at which to collect the Chipola fauna. About 4 feet of the marl is exposed. Collected by G. M. Ponton, November 1929.
Sample No. 11.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 12044.-Bell's farm in the NE of See. 29, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., Walton County. The exposures here are at the heads of small branches flowing into Sconiers Mill Creek. This locality is placed in the lower part of the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The molluscan fauna here Is fairly large and fairly well preserved. The Steele Church road out of DeFuniak Springs takes one within three-quarters of a mile of the locality. Ten to fifteen feet of marl is exposed. Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, March 12, 1930.
DiscussioN :-In the paper on the faunal zones of the Choctawhatchee, Mansfield on the basis of the mollusks placed this locality in the Area zone but below the beds at Red Bay (See samples 15, 40 and 41) but in the same stratigraphic position as the beds on Vaughan Creek (See sample No. 8), but Ponton on the basis of the foraminifera believed that the position of the Bell farm beds was higher in the section than the Vaughan Creek beds. Further study of the foraminiferal fauna has inclined the junior author to agree with Mansfield'S correlation.
Sample No. 12.-U. S. G. S. locality Nos. 1/670 and 1/956.-Upper shell beds at Alum Bluff on the east bank of the Apalachicola River about 4 miles north of Bristol, Liberty County. This Is the type locality of the Ecphora zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. (See Table No. 2 for sections at Alum Bluff). The molluscan fauna here is only fairly well preserved, the shells being soft. However, a fairly large fauna is present but somewhat obscured by masses of Mulinia congesta which occur. The species from which the BEphora zone is named, Ecphora quadricostata var. uinbilicata is very rare. The locality is easily accessible. Collected by G. M. Ponton, November 1929.
Sample No. 13.-Same as sample No. 6 above, and the foraminiferal fauna has .been grouped with it.
Sample No. 14.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 11732.-Borrow-pit just east of
the power dam at Jackson Bluff on Ocklocknee River, Leon County. Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. Reached by Florida Road No. 19 twenty-five miles southwest of Tallahassee. An excellently preserved, numerous (both as to species and specimens) and well balanced molluscan fauna is present. Some care must be taken not to include specimens from the Rephora zone which has been entered in the lower parts of the pit. Collected by J. H. C. Martens and G. M. Ponton, 1927.
Sample No. 15.-U. S. G. S. locality Nos. 1/671 and 1/947. Jim.Kennedy Branch, one mile east of Red Bay, Walton County. Typical of the latest
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
fauna of the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The locality is easily reached by the main road east from Red Bay. The molluscan fauna is not well preserved being generally broken and worn, but a worthwhile fauna can be collected if time is taken. About 21 feet of the Area zone is exposed. (The upper bed, nearly unfossiliferous, at this locality has been placed in the REphora zone.) Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, March 6, 1930.
Sample No. 16.-Bottom of old flourspar prospect shaft at a depth of 50 to 55 feet, about 4'/2 miles south of Argyle, Walton County. The molluscan fauna is very similar to that at White's Creek (See sample No. 28) and thus is placed somewhat higher in the section than that at Shell Bluff (See sample No. 31). The shaft is abandoned' and cannot be sampled. Collected by J. H. C. Martens, November 1928.
Sample No. 17.-U. S. G. S. No. 3672.-Robinson's Mill (abandoned) on Robinson's Mill Creek about three-quarter miles (airline) northwest of Hosford's Mill (See sample No. 18), Liberty County. The molluscan fauna here is well preserved and quite numerous and represents the earliest fauna of the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatche formation. The marl lies in the bed of the creek. Collected by H. Gunter andG. M. Ponton, June 17, 1931.
Sample No. 18.-U. S. G. S. locality Nos. 3671 and 1/958.--Hosford's Mill
(Old Coe's Mill) on Big Creek about 2 miles northeast of the town of Hosford, Liberty County. Three to four feet of marl is exposed in the mill race. The molluscan fauna is well preserved and specimens and species quite numerous. The fossils represent the earliest fauna of the Caw0wflaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The locality is easily accessible. Collected by H. Gunter and G. M. Ponton, June 17, 1931.
Sample No. 19.-At mouth of Senterfeit Branch, a small branch entering the Chipola River 1/2 mile below the type locality of the Chipola formation on McClelland's farm (See sample No. 22) Calhoun County. Sample represents the light yellow highly oxidized marl from the surface of the deposit. The exposure of Chipola formation is continuous from McClelland's farm to Senterfeit Branch. The molluscan fauna is numerous but not well preserved, and represents typical Chipola formation. Collected by G. M. Ponton, October 1931.
Sample No. 20.-Same as sample No. 19 except that it represents the unoxidized greenish-gray marl about three feet in from the surface of the deposit. The molluscan fauna here is well preserved.
The foraminiferal fauna from Samples Nos. 19 and 20 have been grouped.
Sample No. 21.-U. S. G. S. locality No. .12048.-Permenter's old farm in
Sec. 17, T. 1 N., R. 19 W., Walton County. The exposure of shell marl occurs in a road cut leading to an abandoned bridge on the east bank of Alaqua Creek. The molluscan fauna is not numerous and not well preserved, and is placed In the Fcphora zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The locality is most difficult to find unless accompanied by a local guide. Collected by G. M. Ponton and J. C. Simpson, October 11, 1930.
DISCUSSION :-Mansfield from the study of the mollusks believed this bed to be in the Ecphora zone. This correlation is confirmed to a large extent by the occurrence here of the foraminifer, Virgidina
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
(Virg dinella) gumnteri, var. curtata, a species apparently confined to that zone.
Sample No. 22.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 994.-The J. P. M. McClelland
farm on the right bank of the Chipola River about 21/2 miles east of the village of Carr, Calhoun County. This is the type locality of the Chipola formation. The molluscan fauna is not very well preserved as the marl is oxidized, but a large fauna can be collected by handling much material. The locality is easily accessible from Marianna on the Marianna-Clarksville road and turning off at Carr. Collected by G. M. Ponton, October 1931.
Sample No. 25.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/422.-East end of Hamlin Pond in small sinks in Sec. 7 (?), T. 1 N., R. 13 W., Washington County, about 5 miles east of Greenhead. The condition of the molluscan fauna and the accessibility of the locality is the same as that described under Sample No. 2. Collected by G. M. Ponton and J. C. Simpson, October 8, 1930.
Sample No. 26.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 7054.-At old saw-mill near Oak
Grove on right bank of Yellow River about 100 yards below bridge on Laurel Hill-Oak Grove road, Okaloosa County. This is the type locality of the Oak Grove sands. The molluscan fauna is well preserved and numerous as to species and specimens. The marl lies in the bed of the river and is only exposed at low stages of the river. Collected by G. M. Ponton and J. C. Simpson, October 12, 1930.
Sample No. 27.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 10660.-Lowermost shell bed toward lower end of Alum Bluff on the east bank of the Apalachicola River about 4 miles north of Bristol, Liberty County., The sample was taken from the four feet of highly fossiliferous marl appearing about water-level at a very low stage of the river. The molluscan fauna is well preserved and numerous. (See table No. 2 for sections at Alum Bluff.) The sands overlying this very fossiliferous bed were sampled with result that very few foraminifera were found. In the lower one-half of the sand a few specimens of Elphidium chipoleuisis and Sorites? sp.? were noted. This bed is typical Chipola formation. Collected by IH. Gunter and G. M. Ponton, October 6, 1931.
Sample No. 2.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 10608.-Small gully, 50 feet south of road and 150 feet east of bridge over White's Creek on EucheeannaKnox Hill road, 1 mile west of Valley Church, Walton County. This locality presents perhaps the best preserved and most numerous molluscan fauna of the Shoal River formation. It would appear that perhaps the fossils show a somewhat later fauna than that at the type locality of the formation at Shell Bluff (See sample No. 31). The locality is easily accessible by taking the Red Bay road south from Argyle and turning west at Valley Church. Collected by G. M. Ponton, November 1929.
Sample No. 29.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 10659.-Senterfiet's or Tanner's Mill (abandoned), four miles southwest of Laurel Hill, Okaloosa County. This locality was placed by Gardner in the Oak Grove sands although the molluscan fauna showed a higher percentage of Shoal River forms than at the type locality of the Oak Grove. A recent visit to this locality disclosed that the exposure has been sanded over by the flooding of the Creek. Collected by Miss Julia A. Gardner, 1923.
Sample No. 30.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 12527.-On Alice Creek, a tributary of Alaqua Creek, near the NE corner of the SE1/ Sec. 8, T. 1 N., R. 19 W., Walton County, and about 1 mile northeast of the locality on
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Pernienter's old farm (See sample No. 21). The molluscan fauna here is not well preserved, the shells being soft, nor are the species numerous. The locality has been placed in the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The locality is not easily found without the services of a local guide. Collected by G. M. Ponton and J. C. Simpson, October 11, 1930.
Sample No. 31.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 10658.-Toward upper end of Shell Bluff on right bank of Shoal River, 5 miles north of Mossyhead, Walton County. This is the type locality of the Shoal River formation. A large and well preserved molluscan fauna is present and the locality Is easily reached from Mossyhead. Collected by G. M. Ponton, November 1929.
Sample No. 32.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/960.-Darling Slide, an old log slide at a bluff on the east bank of the Chipola River about 2/2 miles southeast of Clarksville. The molluscan fauna here Is not well preserved nor large as to species, but much of the fauna is obscured by the large number of Mitlinia congesta present, as at Alum Bluff (See sample No. 12). Collected by G. M. Ponton, October 1931.
Sample No. 33.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/964.-Sec. 8, T. 1 S., R. 3 W.,
Leon County, highest bed exposed in a small stream entering Harveys Creek at an abandoned mill. It belongs to the Gancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. Recently visited, the exposure was found to be almost entirely covered with sand, and considerable work would have to be done to make a representative collection of the molluscan fauna. Collected by W. C. Mansfield November 16, 1925 and further sampled by G. M. Ponton February 1932.
Sample No. 34.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/966.-Just above bridge across Double Branch on Florida Road No. 19 in Sec. 8, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., Leon County. Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation Collected by W. C. Mansfield, October 17, 1925.
Sample No. 35.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/961.-On S. D. Johnson's farm
near Woods in See. 26, T. I S., R. 8 W., Liberty County. Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. Collected by W. C. Mansfield, November 7, 1925.
Sample No. 36.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/953.-Oin R. L. Gainer's farm
on the Econfina River in Sec. 4, T. 1 S., R .13 W., Bay County Loose shells representing the Cancllaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation are found lying on the hard indurated Chipola formation (See sample No. 44) along the river and have been turned up by the plow in the fields. No exposure of the marl was seen in place. Tie locality is reached over poor roads from Youngstown on Florida Road No. 20. Collected by W. C. Mansfield October 30, 1925 and further sampled by.W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton April 15, 1932.
Sample No. 37.-Lowest shell bed lying directly on top of the Hawthorn formation at Jackson Bluff, left bank of Ocklocknee River just above highway bridge, Leon County. This bed is indurated and thus the shells are not very well preserved. The fauna represents the latest fauna of the Ecphora zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. A power house has been built at this locality but the same bed outcrops below the bridge. Collected by W. C. Mansfield October 16, 1925, and further sampled by G. M. Ponton, March 1931.
Sample No. 38.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/965.-On Harvey's Creek at abandoned mill about 1/2 mile above Florida Road No. 19, in See. 8, T. 1 S.,
18 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURV1EY-BULLTiTIN NINE
R. 3 W., Leon County. The mollusks represent the latest fauna of the Ecphora zone of the Choctawhatchee. formation. Collected by W. C. Mansfield November 15, 1925. Recently visited, it was found that this bed was completely sanded over.
Sample No. 39.-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/962.--Cut in road leading to
Watson's Landing, Liberty County, about two miles north of Alum Bluff and about the same distance from the Apalachicola River. Base of the bed about 40 feet above the river terrace. Ecphora zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. Collected by W. C. Mansfield, November 10, 1925.
Sample No. 40-U. S. G. S. locality No. 1/948.-John Anderson's farm 8 mile east of Red Bay, Walton County. This locality is regarded as the type locality of the Choctawhatchee formation and also of the rea zone of that formation. Collected by W. C. Mansfield, October 20, 1925. The beds exposed on Jim Kennedy Branch (See sample No. 15) and on Gomillion's farm (See sample No. 41) present much better exposures of the same bed.
Sample No. 41.-U. S. G. S. locality Nos. 1/673 and 1/950.--At small
spring head in E. Gomillion's field at Red Bay, Walton County. This is typical of the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. This is perhaps the best locality for obtaining a representative sample showing the latest fauna of the zone. Collected by W. C. Mansfield October 20, 1925 and further sampled by W. C. Mansfield and G. M..Ponton March 1931.
Sample No. 42.-U. S. Or. S. locality No. 1/682.-Bryant Scott's farm, 'A mile above mouth of small branch (likely Taylor Branch) entering Econfina River near bridge in Sec. 22, T. 2 N., R. 12 W.,-Bay County. This represents the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. The molluscan fauna is small and not well preserved. Collected by Julia A. Gardner, November 14, 1923.
For other localities sampled but not included in distribution table see page 21.
CORRELATIONS OF T FLORIDA MIOCENE
The molluscan fauna of the Choctawhatchee formation and of the Alum Bluff Group have been studied -intensively, respectively by Dr. W. C. Mansfield! and-Dr. Julia A. Gardner8 of the United States Geological Survey and the result of their work is to a large extent the basis for the zonal divisions as used in this paper.
The first definite identification of Miocene rocks in Florida was that by the late Dr. Eugene A. Smith in .1881. A low bluff of indurated shell marl at Rock Springs, Orange County, was so desig23Mansfield, W. C.,' Miocene Ggstropods and Scaphopods of the Chootawhatchee
Formation of Florida: Florida GeoL Survey, Bull. 8, 1930; Miocene Pelecypods of the Choctawhatchee Formation 'of .Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, Bull.' 8,
1932.
a Gardner, Julia A., The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida:
U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 142 (A to E), 1926.
Note: The five papers, above; Inolude the Pelecypoda. The papers covering
the Gastropoda are now In press.
4 Smith, Eugene A., Geology of Florida: Amer. J.ourn. of Sci, vol. 21, 3rd Ser.,
No. 124, pp. 302 and 303, Apr. '1881:. " :I''i'.'I. -
TABLE NO. 2-VARIOUS SECTIONS AND CORRELATIONS OF THE BEDS AT ALUM BLUFF.
L.angdon's section IS7, published 1889.'
Langdon's
Correlation
1891.2
Burns and Dali and Dali's Johnson's Stanley-Brown's Correlation section 1890, section, pub- 18923 and published lished 1894. 1894.4
1892.3
Dali's Correlation
1896.6
Matson's & Clapp's Correlation
1909.6
Condensed section based on those made by Sellards & Gunter 1909, Cooke 1914, & Berry 1916.'
Present Correlation
Yellow 1. Superficial Pleistocene Pleistocene Pleistocene 9. Light colored ferruginous Pleistocene and unfossil- sands. 81 ft. unconsolidated sand. 9 ft. Recent iferous sand
70 ft. _________ ______ ______ _____________________2. Red Clay 21/2 Pliocene Pliocene Pliocene 8. Hard reddish clay. 2 ft. Pliocene ft. Lafayette Lafayette Lafayette 7. Variegated reddish and Citronelle i. White sand, evi- 3. Reddish and yellowish ferruginous formation
dently marine but yellowish sand. 65 ft.
of recent forma- streaked
tion. 30 ft. sands. 66 ft.
2. Black lignitic sand
very pyritous, and from efflorescence of ferrous sulphate arises the name Alum Bluff. 10 to
15 ft.
3. Gray calcareous
sand highly fossiliferous. 10 to
15 ft.
4. Gray sand slightly
calcareous, no fossils. 5 ft.
5. Light yellow sand,
containing pockets of fossils. Where there are no shells the sand is very
c:alcareous.
'To water's edge,
35 ft.
I'nder water at time of Langdon's visit.
Miocene Alum Bluff Series.
Under water
Lignitic sand 10 ft.
4. Aluminous
clays 24 ft.
Upper Miocene Chesapeake (Pascagoula?)
Upper Miocene Chesapeake
(Pascagoula?)
Miocene Choctawhatchee formation Aluminous clays
6. Brown, sandy, micaceous
pyritiferous clay tasting like alum; casts of mullusks abundant near bottom, rare above; fine slightly coherent grayish
sand at top. 25 ft.
Upper Miocene Choctawhatchee formation. Perhaps contemporaneous with parts of both Ecphora and Cancellaria Zones.
Ecphora bed 5. Chesapeake Upper Upper Miocene 5. Brown or dirty-green 30 ft. gray marl. 35 Miocene Miocene Choctaw- fine sand mixed with Upper Miocene
ft. Chesapeake Chesapeake hatchee clay; shells very abun- Choctawhatchne marl marl. formation dant throughout but less formation Ecphora Ecphora Ecphora so at bottom than higher. Ecphora Zone Beds Beds. Beds 15 ft.
Alum Bluff Beds. 15 ft.
Chipola marl
5 ft.
6. Alum Bluff
sands with streaks of
clay. 211 ft.
7. Hard Chipola
marl to water
(variable).
3 1/ ft.
Miocene Alum Bluff Beds
Miocene Chipola marl.
Langdon, Daniel XV., Some Florida Miocene: Amer. Jour. of Sci., vol. 38, 3rd Series, pp. 322 to 324, 1889. Langdon, Daniel W., Geological section along the Chattahoochee River from Columbus to Alum Bluff: Georgia Geol. Surv., First Rept. Prog. 1890-1891, p. 97, 1891.
-Dall, V. H., The Neocene of North America: 13. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 84, p. 113, 1892.
'Dali, W. H., and Stanley-Brown, J., Cenozoic Geology along the Apalachicola River: Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., vol. 5, p. 157, 1894. Dall, W. H., Description of Tertiary fossils from the Antillan region: U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 19, No. 1110, pp. 303-305, 1896.
Oligocene
Oligocene Apalachicola Group. Chipola marl member and sands of the Alum Bluff formation.
Erosional unconformity?
4 and 3. The fossil leaf- Middle Miocene bearing sands. 6 ft. Alum Bluff Group.
Unconformity.
2. Light-gray tough cal-Lower Miocene
careous sand; fossil mol- Alum Bluff
lusks sparingly through- Group.
out. 16 ft. Chipola
formation.
1. Fine quartz in yellowish
calcareous clay, loaded with shells merging into over-lying bed. Waterlevel. 4 ft. I
6 Matson, G. C., and Clapp, F. G., A preliminary report on thd Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Surv., 2nd Ann. Rept. 1909. Sellards, E. H., and Gunter, H., The fullers earth deposits of Gadsden County: Florida Geol. Surv., 2nd Ann. Rept., p. 275, 1909. Berry, E. W., The physical conditions and age indicated by the flora of the Alum Bluff formation: U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper
98-E, p. 41, 1916.
Cooke, C. V., and Mossom, S., Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Surv., 20th Ann. Rept., p. 107, 1929.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
nated and has stood the test of time. The mollusks collected here by Dr. Smith were identified by Prof. Angelo Heilprin as being of Miocene age and the information was republished in 1884. Cooke and Mossom place this outcrop in the Hawthorn formation. When excavating for a swimming pool at the spring in 1930 the Ocala limestone (Eocene) was encountered at a depth of 8 feet below waterlevel and therefore it would appear that the above correlation is correct. No foraminifera were preserved at this locality.
In 1887 Daniel W. Langdon discovered the exposure at Alum Bluff on the Apalachicola River, and assisted by Dr. T. H. Aldrich identified the mollusks as Miocene species. This was published in 18896. In 1891" 'it was republished under the heading "Alum Bluff, Series." As Cooke and Mossoms state "This early and very appropriate use of the term Alum Bluff was apparently overlooked by Matson and Clapp' who named the formation Choctawhatchee formation, from the Choctawhatchee River, and used the name Alum Bluff formation with a different significance." Cooke and Mossom' further state that Dall's "Alum Bluff beds" and "Chipola marl" discovered in 1889 by Frank Burns and published in 1892" were under water at the time of Langdon's visit. This was apparently true only for the "Chipola Marl" as shown by sections in Table *No. 2 of this report.
The section at Alum Bluff has been of such importance in the correlation of the Florida Miocene that we present in Table No. 2 the sections made by various investigators and the several correlations.
It will be seen from Table No. 2 that Alum Bluff, Liberty County, does not present a very representative section as a type locality of the Alum Bluff Group. The only fossiliferous bed, of real value, of the Alum Bluff Group present there, namely, the Chipola formation, is usually under water. However, the name Alum Bluff Group is now so firmly fixed in literature that it should be retained, unless investigations should show different relationships of the formations that compose the Group.
5 Heilprin, Angelo, The Tertiary Geology of the Eastern and Southern United
States: Jour. of the Acad. of Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 9, pt. 1, 1884.
6Langdon, Daniel W., Some Florida Miocene: Amer. Jour. of Sci., 3rd Ser.,
vol. 38, pp. 322 to 324, 1889.
SLangdon, Daniel W., Geological Section along the Chattahoochee River from
Columbus to Alum Bluff; Georgia Geol. Survey, First Report, Prog. 1890-1891,
p. 97, 1891.
s Cooke, C. W., and Mossom, S., Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, 20th
Ann. Rept., p. 138, 1929.
9 Matson, G. C., and Clapp, F. C., A Preliminary Report on the Geology of
Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, 2nd Ann. Rept., p. 108, 1909.
10 Op. cit. p. 138.
11 Dall, W. H., and Harris, G. D., The Neocene of North America: U. S. Geol.
Surv. Bull. 84, p. 122, 1892.
20 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Dali's" "Alum Bluff Beds" and "Chipola Marl'" were raised to formational rank by Matson and Clapp" as the "Alum Bluff Formation" which included as members the "Chipola Marl," the "Oak Grove Sands" of Dall, and the "Shoal River Marl." Gardner" in Lurn raised it in rank to that of group, composed of the Chipola formation, the Oak Grove sand and the Shoal River formation. Gardner included in the Chipola and Shoal River formations some associated beds not included in the marl members of the same name by Matson and Clapp.
Cooke and Mossom'5 state the Oak Grove sand and the Shoal River formation have not been recognized east of the Choctawhatchee River, and that the Chipola formation extends east as far as the Apalachicola River.
To the Alum Bluff Group, Cooke and Mossom' add a fourth formation, the Hawthorn, which they state is contemporaneous in part with the other divisions of the Group, and includes all beds of Alum Bluff age in Florida east of the Apalachicola. River. They" tentatively placed in the Hawthor'n several beds which may be younger in age than the Alum Bluff.
At the majority of the exposures of Hawthorn where fossils occur, and there are many very fossiliferous dutcrops, we find few specimens which can be accurately identified owing to their poor preservation. This holds true for both the molluscan and foraminiferal faunas.
TIE HAWTHORN FORMATION
In the Hawthorn we have found practically no locality where the foraminifera are sufficiently well preserved for specific identification with the exception of the form which we have tentatively called So rites? sp.? This form has not been found in beds younger than typical Chipola, unless, as will be discussed later, some of the Hawthorn beds in which this form occurs, is slightly younger than the typical Chipola. It is possible that this species or one very close to it occurs in the Tampa limestone.
In addition to the distribution as shown in Table No. 1 we have found Sorites? sp? at the following Hawthorn and Chipola localities.
12 Dall, W. H., and. Harris, G. D., The Neocene of North America: U. S. Geol.
Survey Bull. 84, p. 122, 1892.
2 Matson, G. C., and Clapp, F. G., A Preliminary Report on the Geology of
Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, 2nd Ann. Rept. p. 91, 1909.
14 Gardner, Julia A., The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida:
U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 142-A, p. 2, 1926.
Is Cooke, C. W., and Mossom, S., Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, 20th
Ann. Rept., p. 98, 1929.
Op. cit. p. 98.
Op. cit. p. 98.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Sample No. 43.-Ponto Springs in the northeast corner of Gadsden County. Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, April 23, 1931 and March 21, 1932. Cooke and Mossom18 apparently did not see the entire section at this locality and correlated the portions (the two basal beds) they saw in two ways viz., as Glendon and Tampa, and Tampa and Hawthorn. The following section made by Mansfield and Ponton at this locality makes the correlation somewhat more definite.
Top--Unconsolidated sands and soil.
Bed "C"-Top 3 feer of bed highly fossiliferous containing oysters and
other shells with numerous Sorites? sp?, balance of bed composed of sand and clay with oysters throughout but the basal 3 to 4 feet w ith num erous oysters ........................................................................... 15 feet.
Bed "B"-White to gray very sandy marl containing oysters at the base
and sparingly scattered throughout. No other fossils noted except a few Sorites? sp? .............................................................................. 8 to 10 feet.
Possible unconformity.
Bed "A"-Hard compact rather gray to bluff limestone containing no
determ inable organism s ........................................................................... 10 feet.
Bed "A" is likely Tampa limestone, and Beds "B" and "C" are Hawthorn. The oyster is probably Ostrea normal's.
Sample No. 44.-Econfina River on R. L. Gainer farm, See. 4, T. 1 S., R. 13 W., Bay County. Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, April 15, 1932. This hard indurated limestone underlying the canoellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee and reported by Mansfield at U. S. G. S. station No. 1/953 is apparently Chipola, and cntains numerous impressions of nmllusca including Orthaulaw gabb! and the foraminifer Sorites? sp?.
Sample No. 45.-Edge of Lake Lafayette Basin, Sec. 26, T. 1 N,. R. 1 E., about 5 miles east of Tallahassee, Leon County. Ten feet of hard indurated limestone exposed with quite numerous Sorites? sp? and a few very poorly preserved casts of mollusks. Hawthorn formation. Collected by 11. Gunter and G. M. Ponton, December 18, 1931.
Sample No. 46.-Rouse's Mill Creek near W. C. Rouse's house 3 miles north of Sopchoppy, Wakulla County. This is typical of the old "Sopchoppy limestone" of Dall amd correlated by Gardner' as a very shallow-water phase of the Chipola but placed in the Hawthorn by Cooke and Mossom. Dall2' states that the horizon is probably not far from that of the Chipola marl, and contains Conrad's orbitolite (Orbitolites floridanu-s) now referred to Archaias floridanus. No specimens of A. floridanits were found but nunmerous specimens of Sorites? sp?. A. floridanus appears to be restricted to the Tampa limestone. Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, April 16, 1931. (U. S. G. S. localities 4977 and 4978 as given by Gardner in U. S. G. S. Prof. Paper 142-A, p. 3 should be corrected as follows: For "W. C. Rose's" put "W. C. Rouse's", for "Rose's Mill Creek" put "Rouse's
11 Op. cit. pp. 95 and 122.
19 Mansfield, W. C., Miocene Gastropods and Scaphopods of the Choctawhatchee
Formation of Florida: Bull. 3, Florida Geol. Survey, p. 19, 1930.
20 Gardner, Julia A., The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida:
U. S. G. S. Prof. Paper 142-A, p. 2, 1926.
21 Dal], W. H., and Harris, G. ID., The Neocene of North America: U. S. G. S.
Bull. 84, p. 120, 1892.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Mill Creek" and for "3 miles west of Sopchoppy" put "3 miles north of Sopchoppy".)
Sample No. 47.-Road cut about 1 mile west of Tallahassee near Prince Murat's homestead on old Jackson Bluff road. Collected by S. Mossom 1926 and W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, April 1932. Quite numerous Sorites? sp? occur with Anomia 8uwanneensis? and Ostrea normali8. This locality is reported by Cooke and Mossom as Hawthorn formation on page 124 of Florida Geol. Survey 20th Ann. Report.
Sample No. 48.-Aspalaga Bluff on left bank of Apalachicola River, Gadsden County, 7 or 8 miles south of Georgia-Florida State line, at elevation of about 50 feet above river. (River fairly high stage.) Collected by W. C.. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, April 14, 1931. Quite numerous Sorite8? sp?. Likely Hawthorn formation.
Sample No. 49.-Dug well of Jesse Dennis (colored) near Long Pond about 6 miles northeast of Tallahassee, Leon County, depth 60 feet. Quite numerous specimens of Sorites sp? from a fairly hard gray impure limestone. Collected by G. M. Ponton, March 1930.
Sample No. 50.-Dismal Sink about 10 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Leon County, 15 feet or more of gray to yellow, fairly soft, sandy limestone contains Sorites? sp? and Alum Bluff mollusks. Collected by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton, March 1932.
Sample No. 51.-J. H. Atkinson's farm in NWI Sec. 8, T. 1 N., R. 1 W., Leon County. Numerous Sorites? sp? in a hard, buff, sandy limestone of the Hawthorn formation. Collected by H. Gunter and J. C. Simpson, March 8, 1932.
Sample No. 52.-At spring on left bank of Suwannee River, 1/2 mile above old wagon bridge at White Springs, Suwannee County. Collected by E. H. Sellards and T. W. Vaughan. November 1913.
THE CHIPOLA FORMATION
Miss Gardner' in regard to the molluscan fauna from the bed of Econfina River (Sample No. 7) advises as follows: "The mollusca on the whole indicate the Chipola age of the outcrop, although the:fe are a few species that are not typical of the Chipola formation, notably the slender Turritella which has a spiral sculpture about midway between that of the common Tuwritella of the Chipola and that of the Shoal River, I should place the fauna at the top of the Chipola." The foraminiferal fauna at this locality shows affinities to both the Chipola and Oak Grove. For example Elphidim chipolensis and Virgidina pcntnzd are common to both, while Aimphisteginta floridana, likely an excellent species for correlation purposes, shows a very decided relationship to the Oak Grove. The absence of the Miliolidae and Peneroplidae and the presence of Bulimiell ele-
Letter of October 14, 1931.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
gantis&ima and others suggest a difference in conditions of deposition from that of the typical Chipola, possibly somewhat deeper water.
The fauna of the Chipola marl, while in many species related to the Choetawhatchee, is, nevertheless, rather distinctive in its general character. They represent for the most part a shallow warm water group. Most of the species are either. identical with, or very closely related to, species now living about coral reefs of the general southern Florida or West Indian regions. The fauna, however, contains many new and interesting species, as well as some interesting genera. The species not only show relationships with those now living off the same general region, but also with those of the Oligocene of Mississippi and elsewhere.
One of the largest and most striking foraminifera of the Chipola and part of the Hawthorn is a large species belonging to the family Peneropliidae. It is related to Saites, but a study of the types of Ehrenberg's Sorites dominicesig, must be made before the exact identity of this species can be given. This particular form is one of the best markers of this zone, and does not occur elsewhere in that part of the Florida Miocene under consideration as far as we have seen. At some stations it is very abundant.
One of the striking things of this warm water Chipola fauna is the lack of Archaias which is one of the most dominant genera of faunas now living in the West Indian region under similar conditions. In the Tampa limestone (Lower Miocene) immediately underlying the Chipola we find Arch ias floridamnus (Conrad) in large numbers, and the genus does not appear again in the Florida section until the Pliocene.
THE OAK GROVE SANDS
For the: history and distribution of the Oak Grove sands we quote Cooke and Mossom". "Johnson was the first to record the presence of a shell bed on Yellow River at Oak Grove, Okaloosa County. Collections made by Johnson and by Burns from this bed were studied by Dall, who correlated the Oak Grove sand with his "Alum Bluff sands" which overlie the "Chipola marl" at Alum Bluff. Matson and Clapp, accepting this correlation, regarded the bed as a member of the Alum Bluff formation. Critical study of the Alum Bluff faunas convinced Miss Gardner that the shells at Oak Grove were younger than those in Dall's "Alum Bluff sands," which are more closely related to the Chipola species, and that the Oak Grove sand is worthy of formational rank.
'Cooke, Q. W., and Mossom, S., Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey,
20th Ann. Rept., p. 110, 1929.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
The Oak Grove sand is known in Florida only in a very small area along Yellow River and its tributaries in Okaloosa County, which has been mapped with the Shoal River."
The exposure at Tanner's Mill (Our sample No. 29) referred by Matson and Clapp2 to the "Shoal River marl" was placed by Gardner in the Oak Grove sand, although the molluscan fauna showed a higher percentage of Shoal River forms than at the typical Oak Grove locality. The evidence using the foraminiferal fauna at this station is very inconclusive. Taking the four following species, which are about as distinctive as any at this station, we arrive at unsatisfactory results. Bigenerina floridana, a very striking species occurs here and nowhere else except at one station in the Shoal River; Chrysalidinella pldchella except for the Oak Grove and sample No. 4 is characteristic of stations higher up in the section; Boliving, plicatella, var. mera occurs elsewhere only in the Oak Grove and Chipola; on the other hand Bolivinm paula, occurs only in the Shoal River and above.
The Oak Grove has a distinct fauna with various striking species, not representing as warm shallow water as the typical Chipola, but showing decided relationships to that formation as well as to the Shoal River formation above.
THE SHOAL RIVER FORMATION
As to history of the Shoal River formation we quote Cooke and Mossom'; "In 1903 and 1908 T. W. Vaughan made field studies which were the basis of the description of the "Shoal River marl member" of the "Alum Bluff formation" by Matson and Clapp in 1909. Later Julia Gardner raised the Alum Bluff to the rank of group and introduced the name Shoal River formation to include the "Shoal River marl member of Matson and Clapp and underlying sands and clays containing the same fauna."
Authors appear to have overlooked the statement by Dr. Truman H. Aldrich" with regard to the position of the outcrop of the Shoal River formation at its type locality and its Miocene age. Quoting Dr. Aldrich; "This species" (Conus waltonen-ois from Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton County, Florida,) "has been in my possession for many years and until lately was not known from any other locality, but in looking over some specimens of fossils from the
24 Matson, G. C., and Clapp, F. C., A Preliminary Report on the Geology of
Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, 2nd Ann. Rept., p. 105, 1909.
2 Cooke, C. W., and Mossom, S., Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, 20th
Ann. Rept., p. 111, 1929.
Aldrich, Truman H., A New Conus from the Tertiary of Florida: The Nautilus,
vol. 16, No. 11, pp. 131 & 132, March 1903.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Nifmber Two well of the Mobile Oil Company, bored near Mobile, Alabama, I found two or three specimens of it, and from its position over three hundred feet above the Oak Grove (Fla.) horizon in this well, it would seem to indicate that this deposit on Shoal Creek is much younger than the Oak Grove beds. The assignment of these beds to the Oligocene must, in the writer's opinion, be better substantiated than at present. There are so few species common to the 'Chipola" of Dall and the Vicksburg formation, it would seem better to ---oni"ifhe1 useof Ye -teirin "'Oligocene" to the latter, which is in accordance with Conrad's original diagnosis, and put the Chipola, Shoal River and Chattahoochee beds in one formation calling them all Miocene * * *."
The foraminiferal fauna is distinct with several striking species and the fauna shows definite relationships with both the Oak Grove formation below, and the Choctawhatchee formation above. The fauna of the Cardiin bed has been discussed in a note after the description of sample No. 4b on page 9.
THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION
It has been thought well to reprint in this bulletin the paper on the "Faunal zones in the Miocene Choctawhatchee formation of Florida" by W. C. Mansfield and G. M. Ponton which appeared originally in the Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 22, No. 4, Feb. 19, 1932. Since this paper was published Mansfield has brought the stratigraphy of the Choetawhatchee formation up-to-date in a report entitled Miocene Pelecypods of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin No. 8, 1932 and to this bulletin we would refer those interested. Faunal zones in the Miocend Choctawhatchee formation, of Florida.' WVENDELL
C. MANSFIELD, U. S. Geological Survey, and Gerald M. Ponton, Florida
Geological Survey.
In March, 1930, the writers discovered fossiliferous outcrops of Miocene beds in the valley of Alaqua Creek, Walton County, Florida, farther south than fossils had previously been reported from this region.2 Fossils from these beds, when studied by the senior author, showed that they belong to the Choctawhatchee formation. They not only give more substantial evidence of the close faunal relationship of. the Shoal River formation to the succeeding Choctawhatchee formation but also reveal the sequence of the zones of' the Choctawhatchee formation and the position in the formation of the typical deposits at Red Bay.
The map (Figure 1) shows the type localities of the Shoal River and Choctawhatchee formations and the places at which fossils have been
'Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey and of
the State Geologist of Florida. Received January 12, 1932.
2 Station 3747, reported by Gardner (U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 142) as 8
miles south of I/ake DeFuniak, Is 8 miles nearly due west of DeFuntak Springs, in SW% Sec. 34, T. 3 N., R. 20 W,-an error of the clerk in copying the station record. The shells were found at a depth of 30 feet in a well dug
for water. ,,
26 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE.
collected near Alaqua Creek. The numbers on the map are the serial numbers recorded in the station book of the U. S. Geological Survey kept at the National Museum. The boundary between the Shoal River formation and the Choctawhatchee formation as drawn is entirely conjectural. The newly discovered localities are stations 12044-48, 12060, and 12527. The following are the explanations of the station numbers:
3742. Shell Bluff. Type locality of the Shoal River formation.
3747. Parker place. Shoal River formation.
4975, 7152. Red Bay. Choctawhatchee formation (Eephora zone and
upper part of Area zone).
5618. Langley's old farm. Shoal RiVer formation.
9959. One-fourth mile west of Pleasant Ridge Church. Shoal River
formation.
10612. Chester Spence's farm. Provisionally placed in the Shoal River
fornmation.
12044. Bell farm, uppel locality. Choctawhatchee formation (Area zone).
12045. Bell farm, lower locality. Choctawhatchee formation (Area zone).
12046. Vaughan Creek, upper locality. Choctawhatchee formation (Area
zone).
12047. Vaughin Creek, lower locality. Choctawhatchee formation (Area
zone).
12048. Permenter's old place. Choctawhatchee formation (Ecphora
zone).
12060. Frazier's old farm. Choctawhatchee formation (Yoldia zone).
12527. Alice Creek. Choctawhatchee formation (upper part of Area
zone).
.374,7
611
- 7"- I I" "
1 1- IDVI_ I IA
R+4 W
: : : : VZ . .
Fig. 1. Fossiliferous localities in Walton County, Florida.
The most southerly locality in the valley of Alaqua Creek at which fossils had previously been collected is the Chester Spence farm in the NEW see. 17, T. 2 N., R. 19 W. (U. S. G. S. station 10612). The fauna at this place appears to be transitional from that of the Shoal River formation to that of the Choctawhatchee formation. This fauna is provisionally left In the Shoal River formation, where it was placed by Gardner; but it may eventually be placed in the basal part of the Choctawhatchee formation.
The following generalized section shows the divisions that are now recognized in the Choctawhatchee formation. ,
1 ; l
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE IIOCENE OF FLORIDA
GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION
Feet
5. Cancellaria zone. Fine to coarse clayey fossiliferous sand ................25-30
4. "Aluminous clay." Grayish unfossiliferous clay ........................... 25
3. Ecphora zone. Sandy fossiliferous clay .................................................................................. 15-25
2. Ara zone. Gray sandy fossiliferous m arl ...................................................................... 55
1. Yoldia zone. Dark-gray to bluish inicaceous and carbonaceous clayey
fo ssilifero u s san d ................................................................................................................................... 15
The Yoldia zone, which is here recognized for the first time, and the Area zone are now regarded as representing the upper part of the middle Miocene; the Ecphora zone, the "aluininous clay," and the Canccllaria zone are referred to the upper Miocene.
Yoldia zone.-A new name, Yoldia zone, is here proposed for a bed carrying many individuals of the genus. Yoldia.. The type locality is the Frazier farm (formerly the Spencer farm), Walton County, in SE1/ sec. 18, T. 2 N., R. 19 W. (station 12060). The sediments composing the zone consist of dark-gray to bluish micaceous clayey sand with inclusions of carbonaceous particles. The thickness has not been accurately determined, but it probably does not exceed 15 feet.
The zone is believed to represent the basal bed of the Clioctawhatchee formation although the contact with the underlying Shoal River formation which may be conformable with it has not been recognized with certainty. The zone is seperated from the overlying Area zone because of its abundant content of large Yoldia shells, a genus which usually indicates that the temperature of the water in which it lived was rather cold.
Area zone.-The name Arca zone was proposed by Mansfields in 1929. The zone is typically exposed at Red Bay, Walton County, where it forms the lowermost fossiliferous bed, about 21 feet thick, in the exposure (stations 4975, 7152). A nearly unfossiliferous upper bed of clay at this locality, which was formerly included in the Area zone, is now placed in the Bephora zone.
The Arca zone consists mainly of very fossiliferous gray sandy marl having an estimated total thickness of about 55 feet. It probably rests conformably upon the Yoldia zone. Th upper limit of the Area zone is provisionally placed at the contact of the marl with an overlying plastic clay bed which, in the section at Red Bay, carries no determinable fossils. The shells in the marl are worn and broken. The absence of fossils from the clay and the lithologic difference between the marl and the clay suggest an unconformity between the two beds, but this relationship has not been fully established.
The Arca zone was observed in the Alaqua Creek Valley at the head of small branches flowing into Sconiers Mill Creek, on the Bell farm, in the NEY4 sec. 29, T. T. N., R. 19 W. (stations 12044-45) ; on Vaughan Creek, in secs. 27 and 28, T. 2 N., R. 19 W. (stations 12046-47) ; and at Alice Creek, in the SE sec. 8, T. 1 N., R. 19 W. (station 12527).
The beds exposed at the Bell farm and along Vaughan Creek are believed to carry the earliest fauna of the Arca zone, whereas the lower fossiliferous bed at Red Bay carries the latest fauna of this zone. The senior author, basing his evidence upon the study of the mollusks, believes the beds at the tell farm and along Vaughan Creek have nearly if not the same stratigraphic position, but the junior author, basing his evidence upon the study of the foraminifera, is inclined to believe that the beds along Vaughan Creek are lower in the section than those at the Bell farm.
Eophora zone.-The Rophora "bed," named by Dall and Harris," is now known as the Ecphora zone.5 Its type locality is at Alum Bluff, Apalachicola River, Liberty County, Fla., where it forms the uppermost fossiliferous bed
8 W. C. Mansfield in C. W. Cooke and Stuart Mossom, Geology of Florida, Florida
.Geol. Survey Ann. Rept. 20: 140. 1929; and W. C. Mansfield, Milocene gastropods and scaphopods of the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, Florida
Geol. Survey Bull. 3: 15. 1930.
W. H. Dall and G. D. Harris, The Neocene of North America, U. S. Geol. Survey
Bull. 84: 123-124. 1892.
5 W. C. Mansfield in Geology of Florida, p. 140, 1929.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
of the section. The sediments composing the zone consist of a sandy clay which is bluish where unweathered. The bed ranges in thickness from 15 to 25 feet at Alum Bluff.
At Alum Bluff the Ecphora zone, with somewhat doubtful unconformable relations, rests upon a fossil leaf-bearing sand which Cooke and Mossom6 questionably refer to the Alum Bluff group. It is conformably overlain by the "aluminous clay" of Dall.
An exposure in the east bank of Alaqua Creek on Permenter's old place, in sec. 17, T. 1 N., R. 19 W. (station 12048) apparently represents the BEcphora zone. At Red Clay the upper poorly fossiliferous plastic clay bed, about 27 feet thick, is. placed in this zone.
The "alaminous clay."-The "aluminous clay." a name applied by Dall, to a 25-foot bed of grayish clay overlying the Ecphora zone at Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Fla., has not been recognized in the Alaqua Creek Valley.
Cancellaria zone.-The name Cancellaria zone was proposed by Mansfield' to include beds that carry the latest Miocene fauna. This zone is typically exposed in the highest fossiliferous beds along Harveys Creek, in the SW'4 see. 9, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., Leon County, Fla. The Cancellaria zone is composed of fine to coarse grained clayey sand replete with fossils, having an estimated total thickness of 25 to 30 feet. It has not been recognized in the Alaqua Creek Valley.
The relationships of the Choctawliatchee marl have already been noted in Bulletin 4 of the Florida Geological Survey. The more recent collections have only confirmed those relationships, and while some species have been added, they are as a rule confirmatory of our previous findings.
The foraminiferal fauna of the lower part of the Choctawhatehee not covered in Bulletin 4 is distinctive and shows relationships to the upper zones of the Choctawhatchee and to the Shoal River below. The fauna of the Yoldia zone has been discussed at some length in a note after description of sample No. 4b on page 9.
Mfansfield 2 has correlated a fauna at Alexander Spring, in the northeast corner of Lake County about 5 miles south of Astor, as belonging to tihe Ecphora zone of the Choctawiatchee and material from a well at a depth of between 65 and 100 feet near Kissimmee, Osceola County, as belonging to the Caiicella;ria, zone of the Choctawhatchee.
In confirmation of the presence of Choctawhatchee formation in east central Florida, the foraminifera from well cuttings from seven drainage wells in the vicinity of Orlando, Orange County, betweell depths of 35 to 85 feet represented Choctawhatchee formation. The material is not younger than the Cancellaria zone nor older than the Ecphora zone, and likely both zones are represented. The correlation is made using 44 species. The samples below 85 feet to a depth of about 130 feet are phosphatic sandy marl of the Hawthorn
SC. W. Cooke and Stuart Mossom, Geology of Florida, Florida Geol. Survey
Ann. Rept. 20: 108. 1929.
T W. H. Dall and Joseph Stanley-Brown, Cenozoic geology along the Apalachicola
River, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 5: 168-169. 1894.
A W. C. Mansfield In Geology of Florida. p. 140. 1929.
2 Mansfield W. C., Miocene Pelecypods of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 8, pp. 16 and 19, 1932.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
formation but with no foraminifera in this interval. At a depth of 124 feet fragments of Pecten acanikos Gardner and other Alum Bluff mollusks occurred.
FLORIDA MIOCENE AND MIOCENE NORTH OF FLORIDA COMPARED
Mansfield'21 has stated that "The fauna of the Cancellaria zone is closely allied to the fauna of the Duplin marl of the Carolinas and appears to have lived at the same time," and that "the fauna of the Ecphora, zone is nearly related to that in the bed underlying the fragmental series of the Yorktown formation of Virginia," and in his more recent paper, Bulletin 8, he states "the fauna of the Area zone appears to be most closely related to that of the Gatun formation of Panama * *'" and "the fauna. of the St. Marys formation of Maryland and Virginia appears to have lived at about the same time."
Using the foraminiferal faunas as a. basis for correlating the Florida Miocene with the Miocene to the north we find but very few species that can be used. Most of the forms to the north are either colder water or comparatively deep water forms and much more widely ranging ones. As we go northward into the Miocene there are but very few forms coining in, and they are mostly forms .which have little to do with the Florida series. However, the only striking species that seems to connect the Florida Miocene with that to the north is Virgulina (Virgulinella.) nuioceniica Cushman and Ponton which occurs in considerable numbers in the Choptank and also in the St. Marys formations of Maryland. A much more definite correlation might be made if we knew more about the Miocene of Virginia and the Carolinas, but at present material from those states is very scanty.
RELATIVE AGES
The Camcellaria and Ecphora, zones of the Choctawhatchee have been placed in the Upper Miocene and the Area and Yoldia zones in the Upper Middle Miocene by Mansfield. and Ponton.
Woodring' places the dividing line between the Middle and Lower Miocene at the top of the Chipola formation. We have followed Woodring in this.
However, we find it not so easy to definitely assign the various beds of the Hawthorn.
2 Mansfield, \j. C., Miocene Gastropods and Scaphopods of the Choctawhatchee
Formation of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 3, pp. 16 & 17, 19030.
2 Woodring, W. P., Miocene mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica, Carnegie Institution
of Washington, Publication No. 385, Part 2, 1928, p. 90..
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL" SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Originally Simpson stated that the land mammal fauna of the fuller's earth deposits at Midway and Quincy, Gadsden County, "may be referred to the Middle Miocene with some confidence"" and that the fauna from the Griscom Plantation, Leon County, and the Franklin Phosphate Company's mine, Alachua County, "cannot be earlier than Miocene nor later than Lower Miocene all of these localities are placed in the Hawthorn formation.
Recently, however, the Florida Geological Survey has collected a considerably larger vertebrate fauna from Midway, Gadsden County, and from a new locality in Gilchrist County. These Simpson has studied and his findings are being published by the Florida Survey as Bulletin No. 10.
Eliminating many important details and referring only to the two localities, viz. The Fullers Earth Company's mine at Midway and the Floridin Company's mine at Quincy, Gadsden County, where we have both a land mammalian and marine molluscan fauna, Simpson has found that the mammalian faunas have affinities with both Lower and Middle Miocene, with perhaps a leaning towards the Middle, and the evidence suggests the fauna covers the transition from Lower to Middle Miocene.
It is apparent that the marine fauna from Midway and Quincy quite definitely referred to the old "Sopehoppy limestone," now placed in the Hawthorn which Dall thought to be close to Chipola, and which Gardner correlated "as a very shallow water phase of the Chipola," is not typical Chipola but at the same time the two must be close in age. At Midway, and at Sopchoppy, occur many Tztrritellas which appear to be closer to Oak Grove forms than to the Chipola. It is possible, therefore, that further critical study of the mollusks of that part of the Hawthorn represented by the "Sopchoppy limestone' may prove to be slightly younger than typical Chipola, and perhaps represents a transition phase from Lower to Middle Miocene. The marine fauna in the bed of Econfina River (See sample No. 7) and placed at the top of the Chipola is another link between the typical Chipola of the Lower Miocene and the Oak Grove sand of the Middle.
SEDIMENTATION AND ECOLOGY
The.... general low relief of Florida, the slight dip to tle oration's, the lack of continuous exposures, with only random elevations to rely on, have forced investigators to work out the stratigraphy from
30 Simpson, G. G., The Tertiary Land Mammals of Florida: Bull. Amer. Mus. of
Nat. Hist., vol. 59, art. 3, p. 160, 19;0.
1 Idem. p. 160.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THEI MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
a critical study of the fossils. Under such a system it is only natural that some shifting of beds will take place from time to time as new evidence is revealed.
Cooke and Mossom"2 have given the following information with regard to the conformability of the various formations:
Otronelle formation-Plocene-Unconformity.
Choctawhatchee formationUnconformity (reasonably certain).
Shoal River formationConformity (likely).
Oak Grove sandUnknown.
Chipola and Hawthorn formationsConformity (apparently).
Tampa limestone.
It is difficult indeed with our present knowledge of the Tampa limestone to arrive at a definite conclusion as to its contact with the overlying Miocene. Careful collecting and critical study of its fauna will likely make it possible to zone it. However, in the case of the Chipola formation along the Chipola River, at and near its type locality, we find the soft, greenish-gray shell marl of the Chipola lying on what looks like the eroded surface of the hard, white to buff limestone of the Tampa. The great difference between the sediments alone would suggest an unconformity. At White Springs on the Suwannee River there is strong evidence that the Hawthorn formation rests on the eroded surface of the Tampa, but here it is possible that the Tampa exposed represents a lower zone of the Tampa. It is possible to believe that where the earliest part of the Hawthorn rests on the latest part of the Tampa, there will be a conformable contact, but to our knowledge such a condition has not been recognized.
While the contact between the Chipola and Oak Grove has not been recognized, the evidence of the faunas tend to show that they are conformable, for the fauna of the typical Chipola by easy gradations changes to that of the upper Chipola, and then to the Oak Grove fauna. On similar evidence Cooke and Mossom work out the pyobable conformability of the Oak Grove and Shoal River. At the time that Cooke and Mossom made their investigations the lower zones of the Choctawhatehee were unknown, and the probable -an.conformity between the Choctawhatchee and the Shoal River was supported.by the difference between the molluscan faunas of the
32 Cooke, C. W., and Mossom, S., Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey, 20th
Ann. Rept., pp. 103, il, 115, and 138, 1929.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Shoal River and the lowest then known bed of the Choctawhatehee. It has been found that the lower zones of the Choctawhatchee are so closely related to the underlying Shoal River in their molluscan faunas that it is now quite certain that the Choctawhatchee lies conformably on the Shoal River. This has been confirmed by the discovery at Chester Spence farm (See samples Nos. 4a and 4b) of the Yoldia zone likely in contact with the Shoal River.
The shore-line during this period was a very variable feature, advancing and retreating, depositing beds of varying thickness but all comparatively thin, and forming over-laps to such an extent that it is possible that such over-laps might be mistaken for an unconformity, even between successive zones at any one exposure.
An intensive petrographic study of the section might reveal ;mportant information, as mere visual examination of the material making up the formations leaves too much to assumption, in that most outcrops are to such a degree weathered and oxidized that one can often only assume what they appeared like in their original condition. There is a considerable degree of similarity between the unaltered material of the shell marls from the various formations.
To summarize: This period of time was characterized, here, by frequent changes in the position of the shore-line and the formation of more or less extensive embaymnents. These affected the oceanic currents and the bathymetric conditions. There is no suggestion, however, that a depth was reached which would support a. characteristic deep-water fauna. The climate in typical Chipola times was probably warm, tropical to sub-tropical. A gradual cooling off likely took place during the time in which the succeeding beds were being deposited. This cooling was climaxed at the end of the Ecpwra zone of the Choctawhatchee. The climate in the succeeding Cancel laria zone times was probably milder, possibly semi-tropical and transitional to the probable tropical to sub-tropical temperatures of Pliocene times.
CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
ehav-e aie-ay disc sed the form we tentatively name Sorites? sp?. Another st'iking type of foraminifer found in the Florida MAiocene is that of Virgidinella.: a subgenus of the genus Virguiia, which has peculiar processes formed across the sutures. Species of this particular group have already been described from Florida under the names, Virgulina gu.nteri and Virgulina miocenica. A now variety of the former has been added. Forms similar to or identical with these range northward as far as Maryland in the Miocene, but' have not been recorded elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. It is
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
interesting to note that the other representatives of this subgenus occur in central Europe and are of equivalent age. Such forms may well be used for index fossils for this part of the Miocene, in these two regions at least, as they are very striking, and in North America at least widely distributed in the Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
The following lists of species have been prepared from the distribution table, and might be termed, in a sense, the characteristic species of the zones and groups of zones. However, many species which are characteristic are not included in such a list and for such, reference to the text is necessary. For example, Virgdiva gumteri occurs commonly in all samples from the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee, it occurs very rarely in the Cancellaria,, and it occurs also in the upper beds of the Shoal River formation but here rarely and then always associated with Virgulina niocenica. It also must be stressed that even though the characteristic species are important, the grouping of the species cannot be neglected.
1. Species confined to the ('ancellaria Zone: Textiilala floridana
foliacen, var. occidentaiis
Bigenerina nodosaria, var. textilarioldeita
Massilina gunteri Spiroloculini sp.
Triloculina asperula
Planularia sp.
Iingulina Sp.
Nodosaria caloiorl)ia
Lagena quadrata
Pyrulina albatrossi
Siginoniorphina will iainsoni
Ellphiium1111 incertuim Pavonina Iniocenica Bulininella subteres Bulilnina inarginata
Bolivina pulchella, var. priinitiva
Reussia spinulosa var.
Patellina corrugata
Discorbis orbicularis
1iiponides lateralis
Aniphistegina lessonii
Rectocilicides mi1ocenIicus
Acervulina inhaerens Total number of species-24
2. Species occuring in boti the Cancellria rand the Ecphora Zones of the Choctawhatchee but not elsewhere in the Florida Miocene:
Textularia mayori
Quinqueloculina ef. fusca
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURV.Y-BULLETIN NINE
Lagena hexagona, var. scalariformis
costata, var. amphora Guttulina costatula Pseudopolymorphina rutila Virgulina fusiformis Bolivina plicatella Discorbis consobrina
Total number of species- 9
3. Species confined to the Eephora Zone of the Choctawhatchee:
Quinqueloculina contorta
Spiroloculina depressa
Marginulina dubla
Marginulina sp.
Virgulina gunteri, var. curtata
Reussia spinulosa, var.
Uvigerina parkeri Total number of species- 7
4. Species occurring in both the Ecphora and Area Zones of the Choctawhatchee but not elsewhere:
Spiroloculina planulata
Lagena sulcata
orbignyana, var. lacunata
Ellipsolagena bidens
Spirillina orbicularis Total number of species- 5
5. Species confined to the Arca Zone of the Choctawhatchee:
Massilina quadrans, var.
Flintina floridana Robulus floridana
catenulatus
Planularia sp. Marginulina sp. Guttulina austriaca Globulina rotundata Elphidium sagrum Elphidium sp. Plectofrondicularia floridana Bulimina ovata Bolivina advena Loxostonium gunteri Siphogenerina lamellata Chilostomella oolina
Total number of species-16
6. Species confined to the Yoldia Zone of the Choctawhatchee:
Amorphina sp.
Nodogenerina advena
Bulimina buchiana Total number of species- 3
7. Species confined to the Choctawhatchee but not Included In the above
groups:
Pseudarcella arenata
Triloculina rotunda Nodosaria catesbyl
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Lagena clavata Bulimina gracilis
inflata
Virgulina punctata Discorbis floridana Cassidulina crassa Planulina depressa
Total number of species-10
TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES CONFINED TO THE
C H O C T A H A T C H E E ......................................... ........................................ ................................................ 73
8. Species confined to the Shoal River Formation:
Textularia warreni
Textularia, sp.
Marginulina glabra
Bulimina gracilis, var.
Globobulimina pacifica
Bolivina robusta
Lamarcklana atlantica
Siplonina jacksonensis, var. limbosa Total number of species- 8
9. Species occurring in both the Shoal River and Oak Grove but not
elsewhere:
Bigenerina floridana Total number of species- 1
10. Species confined to the Oak Grove:
Reussia spinulosa, var. Asterigerina miocenica
Total number of species- 2
11. Species occuring in both the Oak Grove and the Chipola; but not
elsewhere:
Quinqueloculina crassa, var. subcuneata
Sigmnomorphina, pearceyi
Bolivina plicatella, var. mera
Amphistegina floridana
Cycloloculina miocenica Total number of species- 5
12. Species confined to the Chipola:
Clavulina tricarinata
Quinqueloculina candeiana
chipolensis
Massilina inaequalis
bosciana quadrans
incisa
spinata
spinata, var. chipolensis
spinata, var. glabrata
Spiroloculina grateloupi
Hauerina bradyi
Articulina sagra, var. intocenica
mayori
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Triloculina trigonula
oblonga gracilis
quadrilateralis
quadrilateralis, var. Ion
brongniartii
Pyrgo denticulata Vertebralina cassis
inultilocularis Denticulina sp. Polymorphina advena Sigmomnorphina undulosa Elphidium incertum, var. Peneroplis proteus
bradyi
Sorites? sp? Discorbis candeinna, var. Eponides repandus Asterigerina carinata Amnphistegina chipolensis Cassidulina chipolensis Cibicidella variabilis Annulocibicides projectus Acervulina chipolensis
gicostata
bullata
Gypsina vesicularis Total number of species-39 13. Species confined to the Alum Bluff Group and not included in the above
groups:
Guttulina lactea
caudata
Elphidium chipolensis
Virgulina floridana
Eponides antillarum Total number of species- 5
TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES CONFINED TO THE
A L U M B L U F F G R O U P ....... ............................................................................................................................. 60
The figul'es above are interesting in that they bring out the-large number of species that are confined to the two end zones, viz. the Cancellaria zone of the Choetawhatchee, and the typical Chipola of the Alum Bluff Group. The importance of the Aroa, zone of the Choctawhatchee is also clear. As worked out in the distribution o species table, and definitely indicated in the above lists, there are plenty of forms to distinguish the different main groups, but on the other hand, some of the stations are much less easy to determine, probably due in a large part to their deeper water position.
PERCENTAGE OF RECENT FORAMINIFERA IN THE ZONES AND FORMATIONS
That the ecologic factor is often muoh more important than the actual age one, especially in the Tertiary, appears to be borne out when the percentages of Recent forms in the various beds are studied.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
In. computing the percentages in the list below we have deemed as Recent those forms which have been recorded as living in any region at the present time.
(janccllaria zone ...... 74%)
Eophora zone .......... 70% I
Arca zone .................. 63% Choctawhatchee formation ............................. 64%
Yoldia zone ......59% j
Cardiun bed ............ 52% Shoal River
Middle zone .............. 66% formation ................ 62%
Type zone ......... 61% J
Transition zone ...... 53% Oak Grove Alum Bluff Type gone ............. ...65% I f ornition ................ 58% Group ............... 62%
Upper zone ................ 74% 1 Chipola
Type zone ...... 68% formation ......9%
That the Chipola has such a high percentage of Recent forms is due, we believe, to the fact that conditions have rather uniformly existed since that time in the shallow warm waters of the Floridian and West Indian region, and that the conditions existing between the Eephora zone of the Choctawhatchee and the Oak Grove times represents a greater change in ecologic conditions for this area.
Perhaps the percentage for the Oak Grove sands as a whole should be higher. It so happens that the sample representing the transition zone was a very small and old one, and it was impossible to re-sample the locality, as it was deeply sanded over.
The high percentage for the Upper zone of the Chipola may be dlue in some degree to the relatively small fauna at the single locality sampled but, at the same time, the high percentage would incline one to place this locality in the Chipola rather than the Oak Grove, especially as the critical study of the fauna proved very inconclusive and showed relationships to both the Chipola and the Oak Grove.
Mansfield" has given the following list of the percentage of recent forms occurring in the three upper zones of the Choetawhatchee, using the species recorded in Bull. 4 of the Flor'ida Geol. Survey: Cancellaria zone .............................. 79%
B cphora zone .................................................................................... V78%
A rea zone ........................................................................................ 63%
31 Mansfield, W. C., Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 8, p. 19, 1932.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
It is interesting to note that the percentage obtainable for the Area zone by Mansfield and us is the same. The difference in the percentages for the two upper zones is due to the extension, in this new work, of the range of some of the forms upward, and the recording of a few new forms.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Our thanks are due to Miss Margaret S. Moore for her care in the drawing of the specimens for this paper, and to Miss Elizabeth C. Knott, Miss Alice E. Cushman and Mrs. Mary H. Carswell for their care with the manuscript.
Our thanks are due to Mr. Herman Gunter, State Geologist of Florida, for his kind interest and co-operation in the preparation of this work, to Dr. W. C. Mansfield of the United States Geological Survey for his many suggestions and help during the field work, and to Dr. Julia A. Gardner of the United States Geological Survey for her help in correlation of the Alum Bluff Group.
The holotypes and figured specimens, together with the first selection of all the species, are deposited in the collections of the Cushman Laboratory at Sharon, Massachusetts, and are to go later to the collections of the United States National Museum. Duplicate sets of the species are in the collections of the Florida State Geological Survey at Tallahassee, Florida.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
Family SACCAMMINIDAE Subfamily Saccammininae
Genus PROTEONINA Williamson, 1858
PROTEONINA DIFFLUGIFORMIS (H. B. Brady) (?)
(See Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 15, pl. 1, figs. 1 a, b, 1930)
This species already recorded as rare from the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee formation has appeared in our new material from a station in the Oak Grove sand, but in none of the other formations examined.
Genus URNULINA Gruber, 1884 URNULINA COMPRESSA Cushman
(See- Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 15, pl. 1,- figs. 2 a, b, 1930)
This species was described from a single station in the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation in the previous bulletin. It is interesting, therefore, to record a single typical specimen from the Oak Grove sand.
Genus PSEUDARCELLA Spandel, 1909
PSEUDARCELLA ARENATA Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 15, pl. 1, figs. 3 a, b, 1930)
There are additional records for this species from the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee, from Jim Kennedy Branch 1 mile east of Red Bay, Walton County.
Family TEXTULARIIDAE
Subfamily Tcxtulariinae
Genus TEXTULARIA Defrince, 1824 TEXTULARIA AGGLUTINANS d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 4 a, b, 1930)
Specimens which are referred to this species occur rather widely distributed in the Miocene of Florida. As will be seen from the table, specimens occur at five stations in each of the Cancellaria and Eophara zones, and one station in the Area zone. There are specimens from the typical Oak Grove sand, and numerous specimens from the typical Chipola.
TEXTULARIA GRAMEN d'Orblgny (See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 17, p1. 1, figs. 5 a, b, 1930)
This species is easily confused with the early stages of some of the others that occur in the Miocene, especially the .young of Textidaria manjori. Rather typical specimens have occurred at two stations of the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee, and -at one station in the typical Chipola.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
TEXTULARIA ARTICULATA d'Orbigny
Plate 1, figures 1 a, b
Tcxtularia articulata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. tert. Vienne, p. 250,
pl. 15, figs. 16-18, 1846.-Hosius, Ver. Nat. Hist. Vereins Pr. Rheinlande, vol. 50, p. 109, 1893.-Bagg, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 2, No. 10, p. 19, 1898;
Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene, p. 471, pl. 132, figs. 6, 7, 1904.Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 676, p. 46, 1918.
Test elongate, two or three times as long as broad, compressed, rather evenly tapering with the greatest breadth toward the apertural end, periphery acute and slightly keeled; chambers distinct, ten or more pairs in the adult, high and increasing in height toward the apertural end; sutures distinct, somewhat curved, extending strongly backward; wall distinctly arenaceous with. much cement, smoothly finished; aperture fairly large, at the base of the inner margin of the chamber. Length 0.60-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.30-0.35 mm.; thic kness 0.18-0.20 mm.
This species was originally described by d'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin where it is fairly common and of distinctive character. This species was not previously recorded from Florida in Bulletin 4, but is apparently widely distributed in the Miocene, particularly of Maryland. It has proved to be a very characteristic and abundant species of the Arca. zone of the Choctawhatchee, and occurs less commonly in the ECphora zone. There are records from the Shoal River in all three zones, and also from the Oak Grove at a siugle station. The species is characterized by sharply keeled peripheries, and the chambers making distinct lobes at the sides, very gradually increasing in width until the later portion, where the sides are nearly parallel.
TEXTULARIA MAYORI Cushman
Plate 1, figures 2, 3
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 6-8, 1930)
In the new material examined this species has proved to be very abundant and representative of the Cavcellaria and Ecpwra zones of the Choctawhatchee, but occasional specimens also occur in the Yoldia, zone of the Choctawhatchee and the Cardiu.m bed of the Shoal River. The figured specimens show the very great range from practically smooth specimens without spines to those which have not only prominent spinose projections but in some cases have double spines at the periphery. There are all gradations between these two extremes, and large series have shown the very great variability of this species as represented in the Upper Miocene. Similar variations occur in Recent material from off the present coast of Florida.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
TEXTULARIA FLORIDANA Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 18, pl. 1, figs. 9 a, b, 1930)
The only record is that in Bulletin 4 from a single station in the Cancella ria zone of the Chowtawhatehee.
TEXTULARIA CANDEIANA d'Orbigny
Plate 8, figures 4 a, b
Textularia candeiana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Foranminif6res," p. 143, pl. 1, figs. 25-27, 1839.-Fornasini, Mem. Accad.
Sci., Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 10, p. 303 (7), pl. 0, fig. 8, 1903.-Chapman, Rep't For. Subantarctic Ids., New Zealand, p. 329, 1909.-Cushman, U. S. Nat.
MUs., Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 12, figs. 14-17 (in text), 1911; Carnegie Inst.
Washington, Publ. 291, p. 32, 1919; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 50, pl. 11, figs. 7, 8, 1921; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 109, 1921; Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 2, 1922; U. S.
Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 1-3, 1922.
"'1extilaria sagittula Defrance, var. candeiana Millett, Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc.,
p. 562, pl. 7, fig. 2, 1899.
Test elongate, club-shaped, the early portion narrow, much compressed, the edges almost carinate, slightly tapering to the roundpointed apex, the later chambers enlarging rapidly, much inflated; chambers numerous; wall rather coarsely arenaceous; aperture in a broad but shallow sinus, at the base of the inner margin of the chamber. Length up to 1.00 mm.; breadth 0.35 mm.; thickness
0.30 mm.
This is a common species in the present waters of the West Indian region including that of southern Florida. Specimens here referred to this species occur in all the formations of the Miocene, but usually as rare specimens. Specimens are fairly common and most typical in the typical Chipola as might be expected from the warm water conditions prevailing at that time.
TEXTULARIA FOLIACEA Heron-Allen and Earland, var.
OCCIDENTALIS Cushman
Plate 1, figures 4, 5
'caqtlaria concava Flint (part) (not Karrer), Rep't U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 283,
1897 (1899).
Textularia. foliacea Heron-Allen and Earland, var. occidentalis Cushman,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 16, pl. 2, fig. 13, 1922.
Test broadly rhomboid in shape, very much compressed, the flat faces of the test nearly parallel; chambers comparatively few and large; sutures distinct, straight, but strongly oblique; wall very coarsely arenaceous, with a roughened surface formed by coarse fragments only partially incorporated in the wall of the test. Maximum length 1.05 mm.; breadth .0.85 mam.; thickness 0.20 mm.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
This form has already been recorded from off the coast of Florida and in other parts of the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. It has occurred rarely at two stations in the Canwellari zone of the Choctawhatchee and questionable specimens from a single station in the typical Chipola.
TEXTULARIA WARRENI Cushman and ElIlsor Plate 1, figures 6 a, b
Textularia ivarreni Cushman and Ellisor, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,
vol. 7, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 2 a, b, 1931.
Test much compressed, broad, periphery subacute, median line somewhat raised, outline generally rhomboid; chambers distinct, fairly numerous, low and broad; sutures distinct, slightly raised, meeting in a definite, raised area along the middle, slightly curved, the inner portion forming an angle from 20-25' with the median line, slightly more curved toward the periphery; wall distinctly arenaceous with considerable proportion of cement, and rather smoothly finished; aperture small, in the median line at the base of the last-formed chamber. Length up to 1.20 mm.; breadth 0.60-0.95mm.; thickness
0.25 mm.
Specimens have occurred in the Middle zone of the Shoal River formation about 41/_ miles south' of Argyle, Walton County, which seem identical with this species recently described from the Lower Oligocene of Texas. It is fairly common at this one locality, but was not observed elsewhere.
TEXTULARIA sp (7)
Plate 1, figures 7 a, b
The figured specimen shows a peculiar form which is rare in the Cardium beds of the Shoal River formation, 1/4 mile west of Alaqua, Walton County.
Genus BIGENERINA d'Orbigny, 1826
BIGENERINA NODOSARIA d'Orbilgny, var. TEXTULARIOIDEA (Gods) Plate 1, figure 8
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 10, 1930)
This variety which is one of the most common of the forms of shallow water in the general West Indian region has occurred only in the upper part of the Chocta.whatchee formation in the Cancellaria zone at four stations.
BIGENERINA FLORIDANA Cushman and Ponton, n.sp.
Plate 1, figures 9-12
Test elongate, slender, tapering, the early portioi biserial consisting
of from seven to ten pairs of alternating chambers followed in the adult by from two to four subglobular chambers uniserially arranged,
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
periphery rounded; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, nearly straight in the biserial portion, and strongly oblique; wall finely arenaceous with much cement, smoothly finished; aperture in the early biserial portion similar to that in Textularia, in the adult uniserial portion terminal, broadly oval. 'Length 0.85-1.25 mim.; breadth
0.30-0.40 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.25 mim.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16310) from the Middle zone of the Shoal River formation, White's Creek-Gully south of road and east of bridge over creek on Eucheeanna-Knoxhill road, 1 mile west of Valley Church, Walton County.
Besides the type locality where the species is abundant there are a few immature specimens which seem to be the same from one station in the Oak Grove sand. This species is an unusual one with the biserial portion malting up a, large part of the test. It should make a very good index fossil for this part of the Shoal River formation.
CLAVULINA TRICARINATA d'Orbigny Plate 1, figures 13 a, b
Clavulina tricarinata d'Orbigny, in De Ia Sagra. Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Foraiinifres," p. 111, pl. 2, figs. 16-18, 1839.-Cushlnan, Proc. U. S0.
Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 52, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2, 1921; Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 3, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 3,
p. 89, pl. 17, figs. 3, 4, 1922.
Clavulna anfgularis Woodward (not d'Orbigny), Journ. New York Micr.
Soc., p. 150, 1885.-Goes, Bull. Mus. Coinp. Zool., vol. 29, p. 37, 1896.Flint, Rep't U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 289, pl. 36, fig. 2, 1897 (1899).-Cushman, Papers Dept. Marine Biol. Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 9,
pp. 271 et seq., 1918.
Valviulina triangularis d'Orbigny, forlna Clavulina angutlaris Go[s, Kingl.
Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 19, No. 4,. p. 86, pl. 11, figs. 387-389, 1882.
The figured specimen represents the only record for this typical West Indian species in the Florida Miocene. It has occurred in the typical Chipola with numerous other warm water West Indian species.
Family MJLIOLIDAE
Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 QUINQUELOCULINA cf. FUSCA H. B. Brady
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 19, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12, 1930)
There are a very few specimens from three stations in the Cancelaria zone and one station in the Ecphori zone of the Choctawhatchee.
QUINQUELOCULINA SEMINULA (Lnn6)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 19, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, 1930)
The numerous records for this species as far as our material shows are all from the Cancellaria, and Ecphora zones of the Choctawhatchee, and from the typical Chipola where it is common.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
QUINQUELOCULINA LAMARCKIANA d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 20, pl 2, figs. 3-5, 1930)
This species is more widely distributed than. any of the others of the genus in the Florida Miocene, occurring in the Cancelar-ia, Ecphora and Arca zones of the Choctawhatehee, in the typical Shoal River material, and at two stations in the typical Chipola. It is a common species in the general West Indian region, and it is not surprising to find it in considerable numbers in the warm water material represented by the Chipola.
QUINQUELOCULINA CANDEIANA d'Orbigny
Plate 2,_figures 1 a-c
Quinqueloculina candeiana d'Orbigy, in De la Sagra, Iist. Fis. Pol. Nat.
Cuba, "Foraminifbres," p. 199, pl. 12, figs. 24-26, 1839.-Cushnan, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 65, 1)1. 13, fig. 1, 1922; Publ. 344, p. 81, 1926; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 1 a-c, 1929.
Test nearly twice as long as broad; chambers distinct from one another, triangular in transverse section, the periphery sharply keeled; sutures sharply marked; wall smooth, shiny; aperture comparatively small, with a simple tooth, extending somewhat above the outline of the aperture. Length 1.00-1:15 mm.; breadth 0.60-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.35-0.40 mm.
All records for this species in the Miocene material examined are from the Chipola formation. Asa living species this is known from numerous localities in the general West Indian region.
QUINQUELOCULINA CONTORTA d'Orbigny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 20, pl. 2, figs. 6 a-c, 1930)
No specimens were found in our recent collections. In Bulletin 4 it is recorded from one station in the Ecphora zone of the Choctawhatchee.
QUINQUELOCULINA SUBPOEYANA Cushman Plate 2, figures 4 a-c
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 7 a-b, 1930)
This was previously found to be very rare in the Choctawhatchee, but in this new material has occurred only at one station in the typical Chipola. As a living species it is common in shallow water about Florida and in the general West Indian region.
QUINQUELOCULINA COSTATA d'Orblgny Plate 2, figures 2, 3
Quinqueloculina costata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 301, No. 3, 1826.Terquem, Mein. Soc. giol. France, ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 63, pl. 6 (11), figs.
3a-5c, 1878.-Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 6, p. 49, pl. 15,
fig. 1, 1917; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 66, pl. 11, fig. 5,
1922; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 31, pl. 3, figs. 7a-c, 1929.
THE FORAMINIFEIIA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Milolina costata Heron-Allen and Earland, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 20,
p. 579, pl. 44, figs. 9-12, 1915.
Test somewhat longer than broad, periphery broadly rounded, the apertural end slightly projecting; chambers distinct, inflated, rounded in transverse section; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wallornamented by numerous, very distinct, longitudinal costac which for the most part are distinctly oblique to the periphery); aperture broadly ovate, with a distinct lip which is somewhat projecting and a distinct tooth raised somewhat above the level of the lip. Length
1.00-1.60 mm.; breadth 0.60-1.00 ram.; thickness 0.35-0.45 ram.
Typical specimens of this species are fairly common especially in the typical Chipola, but there are rare specimens apparently identical with it from a single station in the Can11ellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee, and in the typical Shoal River.
In the Chipola it grows to fairly large size, and is very beautifully costate. The specimens figured are from the typical Chipola.
QUINQUELOCULINA CRASSA d'Orblgny, var. SUBCUNEATA Cushman Plate 2, figures 5(1-v
Miltolina erassa Heron-Allen and Earland (part) (not d'Orbigny), Trans.
Zool. Soc. London, vol. 20, p. 572. pl. 42, fig. 41 (not 37-40), 1915.
Quiinqucloculina crassa d'Orbigny, vanIl. s1boa i0ata Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 423, pl. 89, figs. 4(t-c, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 342, p. 62, pl. 23, fig. 7, 1924; T. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104,
pt. fl, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. la-c, 1929.
Quinquclocufiina, crassa Cushman (not d'Orbigny), Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 344, 1). 82, 1926.
Test short and broad, with the chambers wedge-shaped, often sharp at the p)eriphery, and the surface ornamented by somewhat obscure costae, slightly oblique to the periphery of the chambers.
There are a few records of this species from off Porto Rico, and in the Miocene it occurs in the typical Chipola and also similar specimens in the typical Oak Grove sand.
QUINQUELOCULINA CHIPOLENSIS Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 3, figures 1-3
Test subeircular in side view, very slightly longer than broad in the adult, peripheral angle shar) and keeled; chambers distinct, the sides flattened giving a very angular appearance to the test in end view; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall smooth except for the very fine ornamentation which consists of a regular fine pitting extending over the entire surface of the test; aperture very slightly extending beyond the out-line of the test, broadly oval, with a simple tooth. Length 0.80-1.10 mam.; breadth 0.50-0.85 mam.; thickness 0.50-0.60 mm.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
HIolotype (Cushman Cat. No. 16311) from the typical Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, 1/ mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna in Calhoun County.
This is a very distinct species with its sharp angles and peculiar ornamentation, and should be an excellent marker for the typical Chipola. Besides the type station it occurs at two others, showing that it probably is to be found in most collections of the Cliipola.
Genus MASSILINA Sclhlumberger, 1893 MASSILINA INAEQUALIS Cushman
Plate 3, figures 4a-c
Massilina inacqitalis Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 72, pl. 17,
figs. 12, 13, 1921; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 38, pl. 7, figs. 6a-c,
1929.
Test much elongate, in the adult spiroloculine, from one side very much excavated, the other nearly plane; early chambers quinqueloculine, later ones spiroloculine, chambers very elongate, irregularly quadrate in transverse section, the peripheral side broader than the inner ones, one of the. sides angled, the other straight; surface polished, shiny, but with numerous, fine, linear depressions breaking the evenness of the surface; aperture rounded, apertural end of the test somewhat projecting. Length 1.40 mim.; breadth 0.55 mam.; thickness 0.30 mm.
This species which was described from the northern coast of Jamaica where it is fairly common, has not been found elsewhere in the West Indian region. It is, therefore, interesting to record this from the typical Chipola formation although it is as far as seen very rare.
MASSILINA BOSCIANA (d'Orblgny)
Plate 3, figures 5a-c
Quinqueloculina bosciana d'Orbigny. in De lia Sagra, I-list. Fis. Pol. Nat.
Cuba, "Foraminiffres," p. 191, pl. 11, figs. 22-24, 1839.
Test elongate, more than twice as long as broad, compressed, periphery rounded, apertural end slightly projecting; chambers distinct, the basal end much expanded and slightly expanded again toward the aperture giving a peculiar appearance to the test; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall with somewhat broken costae, slightly oblique to the periphery; aperture rounded, with a distinct tooth which stands slightly above the lip of the aperture. Length
0.80-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.35 mim.; thickness 0.12-0.15 mm.
This species which was originally described by d'Orbigny from the West Indian region occurred only in the Chipola formation, and there only as rare specimens.
THE FORIAMINIFERA OF THE MIO3ENE OF FLORIDA
MASSILINA QUADRANS Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 3, figures 6-8
Test much compressed, only slightly longer than broad in side view, periphery truncate; chambers distinct, numerous, quadrate in transverse section, the sides nearly parallel, the periphery almost squarely truncate but usually without distinct keels; sutures very distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture an elonlgate oval, with a very elongate tooth and a distinct lip, with a, slight projection at the peripheral end. Length 0.90-1.20 ram.; breadth 0.65-0.70 min.; thickness 0.18-0.20 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16312) from the typical Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, 1/2 mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna in Calhoun County.
MASSILINA QUADRANS Cushman and Ponton, var.
At the station near the head of Vaughans Creek in the Area zone of the Choetawhatchee a form occurred which is not typical of the species. There were too few specimens found to definitely describe the characters.
MASSILINA GUNTERI Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 4, figures la-0
Test slightly longer than broad, very much compressed, periphery rounded or subacute; chambers distinct, numerous, rather broad in side view; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall ornamented by comparatively few coarse costae, usually slightly oblique to the peripheral margin; aperture broadly oval, with a distinct tooth and slight lip. Length 1.00 mm. ; breadth 0.60 mm. ; thickness ().15 nun.
Iolotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16313) from the Cancella,.ia zone of the Choctawhatchee formation, Hosford's Mill (Old Coe's Mill) on Big Creek about 2 miles north by east of Hosford, Liberty County.
Besides being very abundant at the type locality, this is found at one other station in the Cancellairia zone, and as it is the only species of this genus found in the upper part of the Choctawhatchee, it should be a good index species for this part of the formation.
This species is named in honor of Mr. Herman Gunter, State Geologist of Florida.
MASSILINA INCISA Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 4, figures 2-6
Test large, very broad, much compressed, periphery broadly rounded or truncate; chambers distinct, broad, sides flattened, the early quinqueloculine ones somewhat raised in the center of the test above the general flat surface; sutures fairly distinct, not usually much
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
depressed; wall dull, due to the ornamentation which consists of numerous short incised lines, in general slightly oblique to the periphery, often giving a rough appearance to the surface; aperture elongate, with a distinct lip and an elongate tooth which is frequently bifid at the tip. Length 1.00-1.60 mm.; breadth 0.70-1.25 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.35 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16314) from the typical Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, 1/ mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles *south of Marianna in Calhoun County, where it is very common.
MASSILINA SPINATA Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 5, figures 1-3
Test somewhat longer than broad, much compressed, the ends projecting, especially the apertural end which forms an elongate neck, the periphery acute and the basal half with a series of distinct spinose projections often extending somewhat backward; chambers distinct, broad; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall ornamented by a few rather distinct, coarse, longitudinal costae, for the most part nearly parallel with the periphery; aperture subcircular, at the end of a projecting neck, with a slight lip and usually simple tooth, which may extend slightly above the outline of the lip in side view. Length 1.00-1.20 mm.; breadth 0.60-0.75 mm.; thickness 0.15-0.18 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16316) from the typical Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, 1/2 mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna in Calhoun County.
This is the most distinctive species of the genus in the Florida Miocene, and has its nearest counterpart in Masili na, pulckerr, na Cushman and Valentine described from off the coast of California (Contr. Dept. Geol. Stanford Univ., vol. 1, No. 1, p. 13, pl. 4, figs. 2a, b, 1930). The Florida species is much shorter and broader than the Recent, and the ornamentation is much less developed. With the type occurred two distinct varieties which are described below. MASSILINA SPINATA Cushman and Ponton, var. -CHIPOLENSIS Cushman and Ponton, n. var.
Plate 5, figures 4-6
Variety differing from the typical in the later chambers which instead of being compressed and acute become broadest at the periphery, truncate, and often with two distinct keels at' the sides. The spinose projections are usually fairly distinct in this variety.
Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 16318) from the typical Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, 1/ mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna in Calhoun County.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
As shown in the figures, there is a slight tendency for the lastformed chamber to be slightly less than the complete half coil so that, as in P1. 5, fig. 6, the neck of the last-formed chamber extends out away from the previous coil.
MASSILINA SPINATA Cushman and Ponton, var. GLABRATA Cushman and Ponton, n. var.
Plate 5, figures 7a-c
Variety differing from the typical in the smooth surface, the typical c6stae of the surface usually entirely missing or seen only near the apertural end, and the spinose periphery indicated by only a very small and rare tooth-like projection near the base of the chamber.
Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 16329) from the typical Chipola formation, Temnile Creek, /2 mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna in Calhoun County.
This variety occurs with the typical form and is distinct from it by the smooth surface and the almost complete reduction of the spines on the basal half of the chamber. These are, however, represented in most of these specimens by two or three very obscure teeth at the base of the chamber.
Genus SPIROLOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 SPIROLOCULINA PLANULATA (Lamarck)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 21, pl. 3, figs. la, b, 1930.)
Previously recorded as very rare at one station of the Eophora zone, the only additional specimen of this species is a single one from the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee formation.
SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSA d'OrbLgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 2a, b, 1930.)
No further specimens have been found. We have recorded it from the Eapiwr zone at Jackson Bluff, but it is possible the sample was from the Canceliaria zone of the Choctawhatchee.
SPIROLOCULINA GRATELOUPI d'Orbigny
Spiroloculina grateloupi d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 298, No. 3, 1826.
Terquem, Mdm. Soc. gdol. France, s~r. 3, vol. 1, p. 52, pl. 5 (10), figs.
5, 6, 1878.-Wiesner, Arch. Prot., vol. 25, p. 208, 1912.-Cushman, U. S.
Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 6, p. 31, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5, 1917; U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proc., vol. 56, p. 634, 1919; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 396, pl. 78, figs. 4a-b; pl. 100, fig. 3; figs. 17, 18 (in text), 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 59, 1922; Publ. 342, p. 56, pl. 20, figs. 3, 4, 1924; Publ. 344, p. 80, 1926; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 6,
p. 40, pl. 8, figs. la-b, 1929.
Spiroloculina excavata H. B. Brady (not d'Orbigny), Rep. Voy. Challenger,
Zoology, vol. 9, p. 151, pl. 9, figs. 5, 6, 1884.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Test elongate, broadest in the center, tapering toward either end; chambers rapidly thickening as added, in end view the periphery much the broadest portion of the test, central portion deeply excavated, periphery of the chambers in end view much convex, especially in the central portion, the edges broadly rounded; chambers evenly curved, the final chamber somewhat projecting, both at the basal and at the apertural ends, the latter having a decided neck with a phialine lip, the aperture itself rounded and with either a single tooth with a bifid end, the two projections forming a concave extremity, or in some cases a pair of such bifid teeth opposite one another; surface of the test dull, somewhat roughened.
It is rather strange that this widely dist'ibuted species which occurs rather commonly in the Recent warm waters of the Florida and West Indian regions should be so rare in the Mliocene Single specimens were found at two stations in the typical Chipola, but neither of them was sufficiently well preserved to warrant figuring.
SPIROLOCULINA sp.(?)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 22, pl. 3, fig. 3, 1930.)
No further occurrence is noted of this form previously recorded from a single station of the Caneelaria zone of the Choctawhatchee.
Genus HAUERINA ('Orbigny, 1839
HAUERINA BRADYI Cushman
Plate 6, figures la-c
Hauerina compressa H. B. Brady (not H. coMpressa d'Orbigny), Rep. Voy.
Challenger, vol. 9, p. 190, pl. 11, figs. 12, 13, 1884.
Hauerina bradyi Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 6, p. 62, pl. 23, fig. 2,
1917; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 72, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 71, 1922; Publ. 344, p. 82, 1926; U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 47, pl. 10, figs. 4-9, 1929.
Test much compressed, the very earliest ones milioline, later ones becoming spiroloculine, and finally in the last-formed coil more than two chambers appear; wall very finely striate-reticulate; periphery rounded or subcarinate; aperture a sieve-plate the entire height of the chainber, curved, with numerous pores. Diameter 0.40 mm.; thickness 0.10 mm.
Rather typical specimens of this species occur at several stations in the Chipola formation, but not elsewhere in the Florida Miocene. As a Recent species it is widely distributed in tropical waters, and has been recorded from the Tortugas, Jamaica, and Porto Rico in the West Indian region.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Genus SIGMQILINA Sehlunberger, 1887 SIGMOILINA TENUIS (CzJzek)
(See llorida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 22, pl. 2, fIgs. 8a-c, 1930.)
This species which was previously recorded from the three upper portions of the Choctawliatchee formation has occurred in the new material from these same portions, as well as a few specimens from the Cardium beds and middle zone of the Shoal River formation. As a species of rather deeper waters it is not surprising that it is absent in the Chipola.
Genus ARTICULINA d'Orbtgny, 1826
ARTICULINA SAGRA d'Orblgny, var. MIOCENICA Cushman and Ponton, n. var.
Plate 6, figures 24
Test elongate, slender, tapering; chaml)ers distinct, the early ones quinqueloculine, later ones uniserial, increasing only slightly in size as added, about twice as long as broad, thickest in the middle; sutures distinct, especially in the later portion; wall ornamented by straight, plate-like, longitudinal costae, those of adjacent chambers independent of one another; aperture rounded, with a distinct lip which is rounded and not greatly extending beyond the outline of the chamber. Length 0.85-1.10 mm.; diameter .0.20 mim. Mfo Holotp e..... v-ety -(C6ushman .06o11. 30fomt & ji Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, 1/ mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna in Calhoun County.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species, as developed in the West Indian region by the much narrower shape of the test as a whole, and the lip, which in the variety is narrow 1n1d rounded. The variety is very characteristic of the typical Chipola, occurring often in large numbers, and recorded in all of the stations from which we had material.
ARTICULINA MAYORI Cushman
Plate 6, figures 5a, b
Articulina niayors Cushinan, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 71, pl. 13, fig. 5, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 52, pl. 12, fig. 5,
1929.
Test elongate, early portion in the microspheric form milioline, in the megalospheric form Cornuspira-like, the remainder and larger portion of the test made up of a linear series of elongate chambers gradually increasing in size toward the apertural end; chambers 1 runcate at the. distal end, then somewhat circular without a lip; surface of the chambers with several rounded, longitudinal costae. Length up to 2.00 mm.; breadth 0.30 mm.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
This species is only known from the Tortugas region off Florida, and the measurements here given are of Recent specimens. In its living form it is a slender species and easily broken so that complete specimens are rare. This will probably account for the fact that only broken chambers of this form have been found in our material. This occurred at two of the stations in the typical Chipola. It differs from the preceding in the very much longer chambers and in the less prominent costae.
Genus TRILOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 TRILOCULINA TRIGONULA (Lamarck)
Plate 6, figures 6a-c
filiolites trigon idla Lamarek, Ann. Mus.; vol. 5, 1. 351, No. 3, 1804; vol. 9,
pl. 17, fig. 4, 1807.
T'riloculila trigolutla d'Orbigny, Ann. Sc. Nat., vol. 7, p. 299, No. 1, pl. 16,
figs. 5-9, 1826; Alodiles, No. 93, 1826.-Cusihinan, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 56, pl. 12, figs. 10, 11; pl. 13, figs. 1, 2, 1929.
.11iliolina trigomda Williamson, Rec. Foram. Gt. Britain, p. 84, pl. 7, figs.
180-182, 1858.-H. B. Brady, Rep. Vroy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 164,
pl. 3, figs. 14-16, 1884.
Test in the adult with three visible chambers, the angles rounded, lie periphery broadly convex, whole test somewhat longer than wide, in end view rounded, triangular, the sides convex; sutures distinct; wall smooth; aperture with a rather broad bifid tooth. Length 0.65 am. ; breadth 0.30 mn. ; thickness 0.20 mm.
Specimens referred to this species occur at only one station in the Chiipola formation.
TRILOCULINA OBLONGA (Montagu)
Plate 6, figures 7a-c
Vermicultin oblongum Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 522, pl. 14, fig. 9, 1803. Triloculina oblonga d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 300, No. 16, Mod(les,
No. 95, 1826. (For further references, see Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 57, 1929.)
Test elongate, in end view triangular, the sides broadly curved and angles rounded, the adult with three visible chambers, inflated, the last-formed chamber broadest near the initial end and longer than the preceding ones; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth and usually polished; aperture oval with the tooth simple, or narrow and bifid at the tip. Length 1.00 mm.; breadth 0.55 mm.; thickness
0.35 mm.
A few specimens are referred to this species, one of which is figured. They are from the Chipola formation only.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
TRILOCULINA GRACILIS d'Orblgny
Plate 6, figures 8, 9
7Jriloiulina gracills d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, list. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Foraminfbres," 1). 181, pl. 11, figs. 10-12, 1839.-Cuslhnan, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 74, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104,
pt. 6, p. 59, pl. 14, figs. 4a-c, 1929.
Test elongate, slender, triloculine; chambers rounded; sutures very slightly depressed; apertural end extended into a cylindrical neck, tle outer end of which is enlarged and has a phialine lip; surface smooth or very finely stria-te; aperture circular, with a slight tooth. Length 0.35-0.45 mm.; breadth 0.12-0.18 mam.; thickness 0.06-0.10 mam.
This species was originally described from the West Indian region, and is small and easily overlooked, but probably widely distributed. As a living form it occurs at the Tortugas, and it is, therefore, interesting that it occurs at most of the stations in the typical Chipola material, but not in any considerable numbers. It is a distinctive species with an elongate neck, and can hardly be confused with any other species of the fauna.
TRILOCULINA QUADRILATERALIS d'Orblgny
Plate 7, figures la-c
T1rilocuiu quadrilatcralis (I'Orbigny,, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat.
Cuba, "Foraminif6res," p. 173, pl. 9, figs. 14-16, 1839.-Cushinan, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 71, fig. 11, (in text), 1921; Carnegie Instit.
Washington, Publ. 311, p. 76, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 6,
p. 64, 1929.
Test somewhat longer than broad, in the adult the exterior composed of three chambers, generally quadrangular in outline, the periphery slightly convex, but the angles acute and projecting, sides concave; wall with numerous fine, incised, shoi't lines; aperture oblong, with a single elongate tooth, projecting slightly above the outline of the aperture. Length 0.90 mm.; breadth 0.70 mm.; thickness 0.50 mm.
This species described by d'Orbigny from the shore sands of Cuba is also known from the northern coast of Jamaica and from numerous stations off the coast of Florida. In our material it has only occurred in the Chipola formation fiom Tenmile Creek. It is a distinctive species in the sharp outline of the chambers and the very squarish form of the individual chambers in transverse section. The tooth often becomes distinctively bifid as shown'in the figures, and extends somewhat above the surrounding lip. TRILOCU-LINA QUADRI LATERALIS d'Orbigny, var. LONGICOSTATA Cushman and Ponton, n. var.
Plate 7, figures 2a-c
Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the test, which consists of numerous, distinct, very fine, raised, longitudinal costae, in general parallel to the periphery of the chamber.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Ilolotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 16332) from the typical Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, %. mile below bridge on MariannaClarksville road, 22 miles south of Marianna in Calhoun County.
This variety is not as abundant as the typical form, but is very distinctive. It occurs at two stations in the Chipola formation but not elsewhere.
TRILOCULINA ROTUNDA d'Orblgny
Plate 6, figures 10a-c
Triloculina rotl(Ida d'Orbigny, Ann. Scl. Nat., vol. 7, p. 299, No. 4, 1826.Schlumberger, Mei. Soc. Zool. France. vol. 6, p. 200, pl. 1, figs. 48-50,
1893.-Cushian, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 73, 1922;
Publ. 344, p. 82, 1926; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 6, 1). 59, pl. 14,
figs. 3a-c, 1929.
Miliolina rotunda Millett, Journ. Roy. Micr: Soc., p. 267, pl. 5, figs. 15, 10,
1898.-Sidebottoni, Menu. Proc. Manchester Lit. Plillos. Soc., vol. 48,
No. 5, 1). 8, 1904.
Test somewhat longer than wide; chambers rotund; periphery broadly rounded; surface of the test made up largely or entirely of the two last-formed chambers; sutures very slightly depressed; apcrtural end somewhat contracted, with a slightly thickened lip; aperture rounded, with a single bifid tooth, projecting somewhat above the outline of the aperture; surface of the test smooth and shining, often with transverse wrinkles. Length up to 1.00 mam.;. breadth 0.90 nan.; thickness 0.65 ram.
This is the only species of the genus in our material not confined to the Chipola formation. We have specimens from the Choctawhatchee both in the Cancellaria and Arca. zones, and it seems to be wanting entirely in the typical Chipola. In the Arca.zone it is rather abundant at the one station at which it occurs.
TRILOCULINA BRONGNIARTII d'Orblgny Plate 6, figures la-0
Triloculina brongnlartil d'Orbigny, Ann. Sc. Nat., vol. 7, p. 300, No. 23, 182.Parker, Jones, and H. B. Brady, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., seV. 4, vol. 8, p. 250, pl. 8, fig. 9, 1871.-Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mius., Bull. 104, pt. 6,
p. 63, pl. 16, fig. 4, 1929.
Miliolina brovgniartil Howclin, Trais. Proe. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, vol. 12, p.
2, 1889.-Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irlsh Acad., vol. 31, pt. 04, p. 33, 1913; Trans. Zool. Soc., London, vol. 20, p. 580, 1915; Trails.
Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, ser. 2, p. 214, 1916; British Antarctic Exped.,
Zool., vol. 6, p. 70, 1922.
Test small, elongate, somewhat more than twice as long as broad, periphery rounded; chambers distinct, the apertural end strongly projecting; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall ornamented by rather coarse longitudinal costae slightly oblique to the periphery;
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOOENE OF FLORIDA
aperture broadly elliptical, with a distinct phialine lip. Length 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.10 mim.
This species originally described by d'Orbigny from Soldani's figures from the Mediterranean seems to be very close to the form figured here. It occurs only in the Chipola formation, and is very rare at two stations.
TRILOCULINA SCHREIBERIANA d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 22, 1A. 3, fIgs. 4a-c, 1930.)
This species was recorded in the earlier bulletin as very rare, occurring at a single station in the Cancellavia zone of the Choctawhatchec formation. We have found it only in the typical Chipola material in our more recent collections, although specimens were rather abundant at that one locality.
TRILOCULINA ASPERULA Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 23, pl. 1, fig. 13, 1930.)
This was previously recorded from a single station in the Cawcellaria zone of the Chocta.whatchec, but no further specimens have been found.
Genus FLINTINA Cushinn, 1921
FLINTINA FLORIDANA Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 7, figures 3-6
Test much compressed in side view, periphery broadly rounded; chambers in the early stages two in each whorl, later with three chambers making up the adult coil in a single plane; chambers fairly distinct, increasing rather uniformly in size as added, in transverse section broadly oval; sutures fairly distinct, slightly depressed; wall ornamented by numerous, distinct, somewhat rounded, longitudinal costae, slightly oblique to the periphery; aperture broadly oval, with a distinct tooth and a. very slight lip. Diameter 0.70-1.00 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.30 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16333) from tihe Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee formation, 100 feet below falls near head of Vaughan's Creek (locally called Blount's Creek) in Sec. 27, T. 2 N., R. 19 W., Walton County.
This is a very fine and distinctive species which occurs abundantly at the type station but not elsewhere in the material that we have examined. It should, therefore, be a distinctive species for this part of the Choctawhatchee, especially as the genus is in most of its species confined to the Indo-Pacific region. It, therefore, apparently represents a distinct local development which, as often happens, became exceedingly abundant at that particular time and place.
56 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824
PYRGO SUBSPHAERICA (d'Orblgny)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 23, pl. 3, figs. 5a-c, 1930.)
While this species was previously recorded from the Choctawhatchee it must be extremely rare there as no further specimens were found. In the table we have noted this previous record in the Ephtora zone, and it is possible the original sample was from the COwnellaria. zone. It is fairly common, however, in the typical Chipola material, occurring at three of the four stations. It is a common species in the present shallow water, warm areas about Florida and the West Indies. We have a single specimen from one station in the Choctawhatchee which is referred to this species with considerable question, and as far as the general characters show it is a characteristic species only of the Chipola.
PYRGO DENTICULATA (H. B. Brady)
Plate 7, figures 7, 8
Bilocitlina ringons Lamarek, var. dtnticutlata 1-. B. Brady, Rel). Voy. CIallenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 143, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5, 1884.-WlVoodward, The Observer, vol. 4, p. 76, 1893.-Mlllett, Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc., v. 262, 1898.-Chapnian, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 28, p. 398 (list), 1902.Dakin, Rep't Pearl Oyster Fish, Ceylon, vol. 5, ). 228, 1906.-HeronAllen and Earland, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 20, p. 551, pl. 40,
figs. 11-13, 1915.
Biloculina denticulata Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 6, p. 80, pl. 33, fig. 1, 1917; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 476, pl. 98, figs. 3a-b,
1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 78, 1922; Publ. 342, p. 70, 1924; Publ. 344, p. 83, 1926.-Hanzawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Pil.,
vol. 4, p. 38 (table), 1925 (1926).
P'yrgo dcnticilata Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.' 104, pt. 6, p. 69, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4, 1929.
Test elongate, roughly quadrangular in front view; in end view somewhat compressed, biconvex; apertural end broadly rounded; opposite end with a series of short, irregular teeth; wall smooth, usually polished; aperture very broad and narrow, extending nearly the whole width of the test, the ends somewhat expanded, with a long narrow tooth, making the inner border of the aperture plate-like, somewhat raised above the level of the surface to which it is' attached, as is the whole border of the aperture. Length up to 0.85 mm.; breadth 0.70 mm.; thickness 0.60 mm.
This species while characteristic of the Indo-Pacific region has,
nevertheless, been recorded from the West Indies in shallow warm water. It is interesting, therefore, to find. typical specimens at two of the stations in the Chipola formation. These are characteristic and show the usual range of variation in the species. No specimens
of the striate variety, however, were found.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA 57
Family OPHTHALMIDIIDAE
Subfamily Cornuspirinac
Genus CORUNSPIRA Schultze, 1854
CORNUSPIRA INVOLVENS (Reuss)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 23, pl. 3, fig. 6, 1930.)
In the previous Miocene bulletin this species was recorded only as a single specimen from the Choctawhatchee marl. It must be exceedingly rare there as no further specimens were found by us from that formation. It has, however, occurred at three of the four stations in the typical Chipola formation which would be expected as this is a species common in the shallow warm waters of the general West Indian region and elsewhere at the present time.
Genus VERTEBRALINA d'Orbigny, 1826 VERTEBRALINA CASSIS d'Orblgny
Plate 8, figures la, b
Vlrtebralina. assis d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, I-list. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Foraminif3res," p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 14-15, 1839.-Cushman, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 64, pl. 15, figs. 1, 4 (not 2, 3, 5-8), 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Pubi. 311, p. 62, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104,
pt. 6, p. 96, pl. 22, figs. 4a, b, 1929.
Test compressed, for the most part planispiral; periphery of each chamber with a broad thin keel, twvo to three chambers in the lastformed coil, the main body of each chamber with numerous somewhat oblique costae, the last-formed chamber often projecting beyond the periphery of the preceding coil, but carinate like the earlier ones; aperture elongate, with a distinct everted lip; earlier chambers were visibly spiroloculine. Length 0.50 ram. ; breadth 0.40 mm. ; thickness
0.12 ram.
The species originally described by d'Orbigny from the West Indian region is widely distributed there in warm shallow waters. We have found the species occurring at one of the stations in the Chipola formation. Specimens are not common, but are usually of smaller size than Recent ones.
VERTEBRALINA MULTILOCULARIS (H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones) Plate 8, figures 2, 3
.Arliculina. Inulilocularis H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Zool. Soc.
London, vol. 12, p. 215, p1. 40, fig. 10, 1888.-Cuslhnan, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 53, pl. 12, fig. 7, 1929.
Test planispiral, much compressed, the sides flattened or concave, periphery squarely truncate; chambers increasing in size rather rapidly as growth progresses; sutures distinct, very slightly if at all depressed; wall ornamented by a few, rounded, longitudinal costae, in general parallel to the periphery; aperture elongate, with a slight
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
lip, but without an apertural tooth, Length 0.50 in. ; breadth 0.40 mm.; thickness 0.12 mm.
This species was originally described by Brady, Parker, and Jones from the Abrohlios Bank off Brazil. Our specimens from the Chipola formation seem to be identical with these Recent ones. The species is fairly common in the typical Chipola where it occurs at two stations. Our figures show some of the variations found in this species from the young stage to the adult,
Family LAGENIDAE
Subfamily 'Nodosariinac
Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808
ROBULUS AMERICANUS. (Cushman)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, 1). 24, 1)l. 3, figs. 7a, b, 1930.)
This species was recorded in the previous report from the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee. Our later material has been from this same zone and also from the Yoldia zone, and from stations collected in the Cardium beds and Middle zone of the Shoal River formation.
ROBULUS AMERICANUS (Cushman), var. SPINOSUS (Cushman)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, 1). 24, pl. 3, figs. 8a, b, 1930.)
In our new material this variety is somewhat more widely distributed than the typical form. It occurs at a single station in the Ecphora zone as well as in the Area and Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee, vnd in all three zones of the Shoal River.
ROBULUS lOTUS (Cushman)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 25, pl. 4, figs. la, b, 1930.)
In the previous report this species was recorded from but a single station in the Canceflaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. Our more recent material has added records from the Eophora, Area, and the Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee, as well as from all three zones in the Shoal River formation. The young stages of this species seem to be quite distinctive, having only four or five very much flattened chambers with a distinct keel and usually with a clear space at the umbo. In the later stages the number of chambers increases considerably in the coil, and except for the intermediate stages connecting the two they might seem to be quite distinct forms.
ROBULUS FLORIDANUS (Cushman)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 25, pl. 4, figs. 2a, b, 1930.)
In Bulletin 4 this is recorded from a single station in the Area zone of the Choetawliatehee. No further specimens were noted.
ROBULUS CATENULATUS (Cushman)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 25, pl. 4, figs. 3a, b, 1930.)
The only record in the Florida Miocene is that above, at two stations in the Area zone of. the Choctawhatchee.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF1 THE MIOMENE OF FLORIDA
RO1ULUS VAUGHANI (Cushman)
Plate 8, figures 5-10
Cri*tellaria vatighani Cushminan, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 103, p. 61., pl. 22, fig. 3,
1918.
Test much compressed, with a tendency to uncoil in the last-formed chambers, periphery slightly keeled, not lobulated; chambers numerous, about nine in the last-formed coil, increasing gradually in size as added although those of the uncoiled portion often decrease progressively as added; sutures distinct, limbate, usually with lines of beads along the sutures from the umbilicus to the periphery, sometimes wanting, sutures in the uncoiled portion usually depressed; wall smooth except for the beaded sutures; apertural face truncated, with the edge slightly raised, the aperture itself radiate, sometimes with a slight neck.
This species was recorded from the Gatun formation as well as from the Culebra formation of the Oligocene of the Panama Canal Zone. It has occurred in considerable numbers in our newer material in both the Ecphora, Area. and Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee, and from the Carditim bed and the Middle zone of the Shoal River.
This is a very variable species, and is closely related to Robidits vicksburgensis from the Lower Oligocene of the Coastal Plain Region. The uncoiling is very noticeable at some stations, and figures of some of these forms are given.
Genus PLANULARIA Defrance, 1824 PLANULARIA sp?
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 26, pl. 4, figs. 4-6, 1030.)
There are a very few immature specimens of this genus which add little to the previous collections.
Genus MARGINULINA d'Orbigny, ]820 MARGINULINA GLABRA d'Orblgny (?) Plate 8, figures 12a, b
There are a very few specimens from the type zone of the Shoal River formation which may be referred to this species. One specimen is figured. The chambers are more or less globular throughout although there is some compression in the earlier part of the coiled portion.
MARGINULINA DUBIA Neugeboren
Plate 8, figures Ila, b
Margtnulia dubia Neugeboren, Verl. Mittli, siebenburg. Ver. Nat., vol. 2, p. 120, pl. 4, fig. 1, 1851; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 12, p. 100,
1856.-Cushinan and Laiming, Journ. Pal., vol. 5, p. 98, pl. 10, fig. 7.
1931.-Cuslnan and Parker, Contr. Oushlman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 7,
p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 6, 1931. '
Margiutliva sp? Cushman, Fla. Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 8a, b, 1930.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Test elongate, the early chambers coiled, later ones in a uniserial series, the sides nearly parallel or slightly lobulate on the inner margin, somewhat compressed, elliptical in section; chambers distinct, the early ones close coiled, the later three to five uncoiled, somewhat overlapping; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, in the later portion oblique; wall smooth, aperture radiate, at the dorsal side somewhat projecting. Length up to 1.30 mm.; breadth 0.30 mm.; thickness 0.15 ram.
This species described from the Tertiary of Europe and recorded from the Miocene of California has occurred also in the Choctawhatchce formation of Florida. The early coiled portion varies very much according to whether the specimen is a microspheric or megalospheric one, but the later chambers are more or less uniform in their general character. Our specimens are from the Rephora zone of the Choctawhatehee.
MARGINULINA ep?
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p1). 26 & 27, W1. 4. figs. 7a., b,.
and 9a, b, 1930.)
As in the previous report, there are a few inmature specimens of 31argindina which cannot be definitely assigned to a species owing to the lack of material.
Genus SARACENARIA I)efranice, 1824
SARACENARIA ACUTAURICULARIS (Fichtel and Moll)
(See FloridaI Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 10a, b, 1930.)
In the previous report this species was recorded from the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee. In our newer collections it has been recorded from that same zone, as well as from the Ecphora and Yoldi zones and also from the Ca-rdium bed and the Middle zone of the Shoal River formation.
Genus LIGULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
LINGULINA sp(?)
Plate 12, figures 13a, b
This is a single suall specimen which is here figured which seems to belong to this genus. It is from the Upper Ca7wellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee marl, and was not found elsewhere.
Gems DENTALINA d'Orbigny, 1826
DENTALINA COMMUNIS d'Orblgny(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 27, p1. 5, fig. 1, 1930.)
The present collections extend considerably the range of this species in the Florida Miocene. The previous report records it from several stations in the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee, but we have material also from the Eophora and Yoldia zone as well as from the Cardium bed and the type zone of the Shoal River ma4.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
DENTALINA CONSOBRINA d'Orblgny, var. EMACIATA Reuse (See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 2, 1930.)
A few additions extend the range of this form to the Ecphora zone of the Choctawhatchee and to the type zone of the Shoal River formation.
DENTALINA PYRULA d'Orblgny
Plate 9, figures 5, 0
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 28, pl. 5, fig. 3, .1930.)
There are a very few broken specimens which from the shape and arrangement of their chambers strongly suggest that they should be placed under this species. They are from the Eephora and Area zones of the Clioctawliatchee formation, and it is probable that the fragnei, tary specimen figured in the previous report (pl. 5, fig. 3) also belongs here. That specimen also was from the Arcm, zone.
DENTALINA sp(?)
Plate 9, figures 1, 2
There are very rare specimens mostly incomplete from the type zone of the Shoal River formation and the Upper zone of the Chipola which are figured here. The chambers are subglobular and are marked by rather coarse costae evidently obsolescent in the. later chambers. So far as can be made out the initial end has a. short spine, and the aperture is decidedly at one side. As no really complete specimens were obtained it seems best, not to give this a specific name.
DENTALINA sp(?)
Plate 9, figures 3, 4
From the same station in the Upper zone of the Chipola there are even more fragmentary specimens of another species which is also costate, the costae becoming somewhat spiral, few in number, sharp, and thin. The chambers are elongate, and the aperture is decidedly at one side of the axis. From the small amount of material no specific name can be assigned to this form.
Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812
NODOSARIA CATESBYI d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, 1) 28, pl. 5, fig. 4, 1930.)
This species has previously been recorded from Canlcelairia, Ecphora and Area, zones of the Choctawhatchee formation and our specimens in this new material are confined to the Ecphora zone.
NODOSARIA CALOMORPHA Reuss
Plate 9, figure 7
At a single station in the Caiwellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee ihere are a few fragmentary specimens, the best one of which is here figured. These are viry similar to specimens found off the East
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Coast of South America and recently recorded under this specific name (Cushman and Parker, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 80, Art. 3, p. 7, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2, 1931.) It should also be noted that d'Orbigny in his Cuban Monograph of 1839 figured a peculiar form (pl. 1, fig. 4) which consists of a series of subglobular chambers. Our specimens, however, are more elongate in the chamber form.
NODOSARIA LONGISCATA d'Orbigny
Nodosaria lotigiscata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss." du Bassin Tort. Vienne, p. 32,
pl. 1, figs. 10-12, 1846.-Cusliman, Contr. Cusliman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, pt. 4, p. 86, pi. 12, figs. 25, 20, 1929.-Cole and Ponton, Florida
Geol. Survey, Bull. 5, p. 33, pl. 6, fig. 4, 1930.
This species described by d'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin was found in some numbers at one station of the Cardiu-m bed of the Shoal River formation and no where else in the Florida Miocene. It has been recorded from the Miocene of Venezuela and Trinidad, the Marianna limestone of Florida, and the Alazan of Mexico.
Subfamily Lageninae
Genus LAGNA Walker and Jacob, 1798' LAGENA PERLUCIDA (Montagu)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 5, 1930.)
This is a widely distributed species previously recorded from the upper three zones of the Choctawhatchee from which we again have material at almost every station, as well as stations in the middle and the type zones of the Shoal River formation, the type zone of the Oak Grove sand, and from the typical Chipola. The species varies greatly in the shape of the test'.
LAGENA CLAVATA d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 29, pl. 5, figs. 6a, b, 1930.)
This species was previously recorded in the three upper zones of the Choctawhatchee. In our later material it was found only in the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee.
LAGENA HEXAGONA (Williamson)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. Ila, b, 1930.)
In the previous report this species was recorded as rare in the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee. We have found no additional specimens in this formation, but have specimens from the middle zone of the Shoal River formation, and the upper zone of the Chipola.
LAGENA HEXAGONA (Wiliamson), var. SCALARIFORMIS (Williamson)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 7a, b, 1930.)
As in the previous report this variety has been found to be fairly common in the Cancellaria and Ecphora zones of the Choctawhatchee.
TIE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
LAGENA 8ULCATA. (Walker and Jacob)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 10, 1930.)
This species was previously recorded from the Ecphora and Area zones of the Choctawliatehece. Our study of these newer collections has shown it to be present in both of these zones, but we have not found it elsewhere to extend its range in the Florida Miocene.
LAGENA SUBSTRIATA Williamson
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 31, pl. 5, fig. 14, 1930.)
While this species is very common in the Choctawhatchee formation we have it but from one station in the lower series, that being from the middle zone of the Shoal River formation.
LAGENA COSTATA (Williamson), var. AMPHORA Reuss
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 31, p1. 5, fig. 8, 1930.)
In our present material this species is confined to the Canwellaria zone of the Choctawhatchce. Previously it was recorded in that zone as well as from one station in the Eephora zone.
LAGENA cf. STRIATO.PUNCTATA Parker and Jones
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 9, 1930.)
Our later collections have shown this species to be present in the Cancellaria and Ecphora zones of the Choctawhatchec, and also in the upper and typical zones of the Chipola.
LAGENA ORBIGNYANA (Seguenza), var. LACUNATA Burrows and Holland
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 13a, b, 1930.)
This species was found only in the Cancelltria, zone of the Choctawhatchee in our new samples but previously was also recorded from the Eophora zone of the same formation.
LAGENA of, MARGINATO.PERFORATA (Seguenza)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 12, 1930.)
This species already recorded from the Choctawhatchec formation, where it is most common, has occurred also at a single station in the CardNum bed of the Shoal River and the typical Oak Grove sand.
LAGENA MARGINATA (Walker and Jacob)
Plate 8, figure 13
We have a very few specimens which may be referred to this rather variable species from single stations in the upper three zones of the Choetawhatchee and also from the typical Oak Grove sand.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
LAGENA GRACILIS Williamson
Plate 9, figures 8, 9
Lagcna gracilis Williamson, Ann. Mag. Nat. I-list., ser. 2, vol. 1, 1). 13, pl. 1,
fig. 5, 1848.-Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 22, pl. 4,
figs. 3, 4, 1923.-Heron-Allen and Earland, Journ. Roy. Mter. Soc., p. 148, 1924.-Chapman and Parr, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 36, p. 374, p1. 17, fig. 4, 1926.-Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, No. 10, p. 144, 1927.-G. D. Hanna and C. C. Church, Journ. Pal.,
vol. 1, p. 198, 1928.-Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram Res., vol. 5, p. 67, pl. 11, fig. 2; p. 88, pl. 13, fig. 11, 1929.-Heron-Allen and Earland, Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc., vol. 50, p. 104, 1930.-Cushman and Moyer, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram Res., vol. 6, p. 53, 1930.-Macfadyen, Geol.
Survey Egypt, p. 66, 1930 (1931).-IHada, Scl. Rep't Tohoku Imp. Univ.,
ser. 4, Biol., vol. 6, p. 106, fig. 61 (in text), 1931.
Test elongate, fusiform, broadest in the middle, apertural end tapering into a long cylindrical neck with a slightly expanded lip, opposite end pointed, closed, surface ornamented by a few distinct longitudinal costae.
There arc excellent, well developed specimens of this species in three stations in the Arca zone of the Choetawhatchee formation and one station in the Cawrdiu., bed of the Shoal River, and there are less well developed ones from a single station in the typical zone of the same formation. The references above arc those since the publication of Bulletin 104 to which the reader is referred for complete references to this species.
LAGENA QUADRATA (Williamson)
Plate 12, figures 17, 18
In the upper part of the Choctawhatchee formation there are a very few specimens, two of which are here figured, which seem somewhat like this species described by Williamson. It evidently should be included in Entosolenia as there is a distinct internal tube, but is here kept with Lagena until someone shall have an opportunity to work out the various relationships of the different species which have been usually termed Lagena. One of the specimens seems to show somewhat of a division into two distinct parts.
Family POLIYMORPHINIDAE Genus GUTTULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 GUTTULINA IRREGULARIS (d'Orbigny) Plate 9, figures 10-12
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 33, 1930.)
In the previous Florida report this species was recorded from a single station in the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. However, later collections have added no others from the Choctaw-
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
hatchee, but it has been found to be common in the Chipola, occurring at all the stations, as well as in the middle zone of the Shoal River f ormation.
GUTTULINA COSTATULA Galloway and Wissler
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 15, 1930.)
This species is fairly common, but occurred only in the upper two zones of the Chocta.whatchee where it is represented at about half of the stations.
GUTTULINA LACTEA (Walker and Jacob)
Plate 9, figures 151, b
(For references to this species see Cushainai and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Miis., vol. 77, Art. 6, p. 43, 1930.)
Test ovate, rounded triangular in section, tapering but little, rounded at the base; chambers elongate, somewhat compressed, arranged in a, contra-clockwise quinqueloculine series, often tending to become a sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber very slightly removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture radiate.
Specimens seemingly referable to this species occurred in the middle and typical zones of the Shoal River formation, and in the upper and typical zones of the Chipola.
GUTTULINA LACTEA (Walker and Jacob), var. EARLANDI Cushman and Ozawa
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 19, 1930.)
A few specimens seemingly referable to this variety occurred in the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatcle and very rarely in the middle zone of the Shoal River formation.
GUTTULINA CAUDATA d'Orblgny
Plate 9, figures 16, 17
Glttulina caudata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 266. No. 16, 1826.Fornasini, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 19, p. 137, fig. 2 (in text), 1900.Cushninn and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, Art 6, p. 36, pl. 6,
figs. 4, 5, 1930.
Test unequally compressed, in side view irregularly rhomboid, initial end with a spine; chambers elongate, arranged in a clockwise quinqueloculine series, each chamber reaching nearly to the base; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall smooth; aperture terminal, radiate. Length 0.60 mm. ; breadth 0.30 mm.; thickness 0.20 mm.
Rather typical specimens of this species occur at two stations, in the middle zone of the Shoal River marl, and upper zone of the Chipola.
GUTTULINA AUSTRIACA d'Orblgny (?) Plate 9, figures 13, 14
The figured specimens show what may be perhaps representative of this species. These specimens are the only. ones we have, and are
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
from the Area zone of the Choetawliatehee. The species is a common one in the Miocene of Europe.
OUTTULINA ROEMERI (Reuss)
Under this name Cushman and Ozawa (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, Art. 6, 1930, p. 41) recorded a single, apparently young specimen from the Area zone of the Choctawliatchee formation near Red Bay, Florida.
We have found no further specimens to be referred to this species.
Genus PYRULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
PYRULINA ALBATROSSI Cushman and Ozawa
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 17, 18, 1930.)
This species was recorded in Bulletin.. 4 from one station in the Catcellatia zone of the Choctawliatchee. We have no other specimens.
Genus GLOBULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
GLOBULINA GIBBA d'Orblgny
Plate 10, figures 3a, c
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 34, pl. 5. fig. 21, 1930.)
In our recent collections this species, besides being present in the Cancellarid and Area zones of the Choctawhatchee, occurs commonly in the Chipola, and there are records for it also from the middle zone of the Shoal River formation, as well as the Oak Grove sand.
GLOBULINA INAEQUALIS Reuss
Plate 10, figures la-c
(See ilorida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 22, 1930.)
This is a very widely distributed species, occurring in nearly all the zones of the Florida Miocene as shown by the table. The specimens recorded by Cushman and Ozawa (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, Art. 6, 1930, p. 65) as Globidina. gibba. d'Orbigny, var. globosa (V. Miinster) from Red Bay, Florida, evidently belong here.
GLOBULINA INAEQUALIS Reuss, var. CARIBAEA d'Orblgny Plate 10, figure 2
Globulina, caribaca d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foramnlnifres," p. 135, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8, 1839.
Globt ala inacqualits Reuss, var. caribaca Cuslunaii and Ozawa, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 77, Art. 6, p. 75, pl. 18, figs. 5, 6, 1030.
Variety differing from the typical in having the wall ornamented wholly or in part with fine short spines.
This variety is fairly common in the West Indian region today. It is interesting, therefore, to find that it occurs at numerous stations in the Florida Miocene, particularly from the Choetawhatehee formation, but it is also represented in the Chipola.
THE FOIIAMINIFEIORA OF THE MIO001NE OF FLORIDA
GLOBULINA ROTUNDATA (Bornemann)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull, 4, p. 35, pl. 5, fig. 10, 1930.)
Previously recorded from two stations in the Arma zojie of the Choctawhatchee but not found in our recent collections.
Genus PSEUDOPOIYMORPIIINA Cushmian and Ozawa, 1928
PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA DUMBLEI (Cushman and Applin) (See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 35, pl. 6, fig. 5, 1930.)
This species has been found in the three upper zones of the Choctawhatchee, and it also occurs in the typical Shoal River formation, as well ts in the Chipola.
PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA RUTILA (Cushman)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 30, pl. 5, fig. 20, 1930.)
As in the previous report this species occurs only in the Cwicellaria tind Ecphora zones of the Choctawhatchee formation for which it should be an excellent index fossil.
Genus POLYMORPHINA d'Orbligny, 1826
POLYMORPHINA ADVENA Cushman
Plate 10, fIgure 4
lPolym.orpIna advcnta Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-F, p. 132,
l. 31, fig. 4, 1922; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram, lies., vol. 5, p. 41, pl. 7, fig. 5, 192).-Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77,
Art. 0, p. 118, pl. 30, figs. 10a, b, 1930.
Test much compressed, strongly ovate; chambers numerous, elongate, alieriiating, much the broadest near the peripheral end; sutures slightly depressed, very oblique; surface ornamented with numerous, fine, longitudinal costae, except the last-formed one or two chambers which are smooth, at least at the apertural end; aperture radiate. Length 0.45 mm. ; breadth 0.20 mm. ; thickness 0.05 mm.
This species which was originally described from the Lower Oligocone of Mississippi occurs in the Chipola formation in typical form. It is very rare, however.
Genus SIGMOIMORPIIINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928
SIGMOMORPHINA WILLIAMSONI (Terquem)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 30, pl. 0, fig. 4, 1930.)
Recorded previously from a single station in the Gancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee, this species has not been found in our recent collections.
SIGMOMORPHINA PEAROEYI Cushman and Ozawa Plate 10, figures 5a, b
Polyinorphina inflata Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, p. 1,023, pl. 2, figs. 14-10, 19i4.
,igmnomorphln a. pearceyt Cushinan and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, Art. 0, p. 132, pl. 35, figs. 2, 3, 1930.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Test elongate, clavate, the greatest breadth in the upper half, tapering.toward the base, apertural end rounded; chambers more or less compressed, early ones elongated, later becoming rounded, generally the last one much inflated and large, arranged in a contraclockwise sigmoid series, each succeeding chamber, especially the last one or two, removed farther from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, thin, translucent; aperture near the center of the last chamber. Length 0.75 mm.; breadth 0.50 mam.; thickness
0.35 mm.
This species has already been recorded as living off the coast of Florida in 18 fathoms off the Tortugas. We have specimens which may be referred to it from the Oak Grove and Chipola formations.
SIGMOMORPHINA UNDULOSA (Terquem)
Plate 10. figures fa-c
Polymorphitna amygdaloides Terqueim (not Reuss), MA1in. Soc. gdol. France,
sr. 3, vol. 1, p. 39, pl. 3 (8), figs. 22, 25 (not 23, 24, 26-30), 1878.
Polymorphina mndulosa Terquem, Mm, Soc. gdol. France, s~r. 3, vol. 1,
p. 41, pl. 3 (8), figs. 35a, b, (not 36), 1878.
_Signtonorphina undulosa Cushinan and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77,
Art. 6, p. 131, pl. 34, figs. 4, 5, 1930.
Test oval to ovate, compressed; chambers elongated, embracing, arranged in a contra-clockwise sigmnoid series, each succeeding chamber not much removed from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall smooth, rather thin, often covered with fistulose tubes; aperture radiate. Length 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.30 mm.; thickness 0.12 mam.
This species is rather widely distributed in the Atlantic. It has been recorded as living in 18 fathoms off the Dry Tortugas off Florida. Very typical specimens were obtained from the upper part of the Chipola formation, one of which is figured here.
Family NONIONIDAE
Genus NONION Montfort, 1808
NONION GRATELOUPI (d'Orbigny)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 1-3, 1930.)
This species which is common in the Recent warm waters of the West Indian region has been also recorded from 'the Miocene of Cuba, Santo Domingo, Panama, and the Coastal Plain of the United States. Previously it was recorded from the Cancellaria and Eephora zones of the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida. Our new material extends its range into the Arca and Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee, and there are records for it in all three zones of the Shoal River, in both of the stations from the Oak Grove, and at two stations in the Chipola.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
There is a tendency, as was previously noted, for some of the specimens to become somewhat like Nuovionella in their later growth. At some stations it is rather difficult to distinguish this species from the following as the variation of the two is considerable. Apparently N. grateloqpi is a much more widely distributed form than N. pizarrevis in the Miocene.
NONION PIZARRENSIS Berry
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 37, p1. 6, figs. 7, 8, 1930.)
In the previous report this species was only recorded from the Arca zone in the Choctawhatchee. Later material has shown it to be present in some numbers in the Ecphora and Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee, as well as the Arca zone. It has also occurred in all three zones of the Shoal River marl, and in the upper zone of the Chipola.
NONION GLABRELLUM Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 38, pl. 6, figs. Oa, b, 1930.)
This species was originally described from the Cancellaria zone of the Choetawhatchee in the earlier bulletin. It is interesting to note that in our later collections we have recorded it from most of the stations in the Cacellaria zone, and it has also occurred at single stations in the Eophora. and Area zones. In the Alum Bluff group it has occurred in the Cardium Beds and middle zone of the Shoal River marl, at both stations in the Oak Grove, and at four of the five stations in the Chipola.
It is, therefore, a widely distributed species, but its characters seem to be held throughout this rather wide range in the Miocene.
Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926 NONIONELLA AURIS (d'Orbigny)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 38, pl. 7, figs. la-c, 1930.)
This has proved to be one of the most common species in our recent collections. It occurs at nearly all of the stations in the upper four zones of the Choctawhatchee, at all of the stations in the three zones of the Shoal River formation, both stations in the Oak Grove, and at three of the five stations in the Chipola. It also has a wide distribution in Recent waters.
Genus ELPHIDIUM Monfort, 1808
ELPHIDIUM POEYANUM (d'Orblgny)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4, 1930.)
This species is very widely distributed, occurring at all but seven
of the stations, and these represent all the zones of the Florida Miocene. It is a common species, originally described from the West
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Indian region, and it is widely distributed both in the Pliocene and Miocene of this general area.
ELPHIDIUM INCERTUM (Williamson)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 2a, b, 1930.)
There is considerable difficulty in distinguishing this species from the preceding in the Florida Miocene collections. Most of the specimens which were previously included under this species have now been grouped under E. poeyanion. In its present day distribution, E. incertum is a more northern, colder wate.r species. There are specimens, however, from one station in the upper Choctawhatchee which seem to be this species.
ELPHIDIUM INCERTUM (Williamson), var.
There are varietal forms in the Chipola which probably belong here, although material is not abundant.
ELPHIDIUM SAGRUM (d'Orblgny)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 40, pl. 7, figs. 6a, b, 1930.)
As in the preceding report, the only records for this rather distiinctive species are from the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee.
ELPHIDIUM ADVENUM (Cushman)
Plate 11, figures la, b
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 40, pl. 7, figs. 7a,, b, 1930.)
This species has proved to be of rather wide range as shown in the table. It is, however, missing in several of the zones, and is most abundant in the Cancellaria and Area zones of the Choctawhatchee.
ELPHIDIUM FIMBRIATULUM (Cushman) Plate 11, figures 2a, b
Poly8tornella limbriatula Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 676, p. 20, pl. 8,
fig. 5, 1918.
Rlphidium fimbriatutlun Cole, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 6, p. 33, pl. 4, fig. 7, 1931.
This species originally described from the. Pliocene of Florida seems to occur also in the Choctawhatchee and the upper zone of the Chipola. It is rather abundant at the upper Chipola station from which the figured specimen came. It may be distinguished from the preceding species by the more definite ring at the center, and by the more heavily raised ribs, which are much narrower, leaving the portion with the retral processes much wider.
ELPHIDIUM CHIPOLENSIS (Cushman)
Plate 11, figures 3a, b
Polystornella chipolensts Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 128-B, p.72, pl. 11, fig. 23, 1920.
!THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Test with the periphery rounded, composed of ten to twelve chambers in the last-formed coil; chambers fairly distinct, but not inflated; sutures more or less indistinct, due to the surface costae which occupy the whole area between the sutures, and in the earlier portions becoming fused and nearly continuous. Diameter 1.25 mm.
This species was originally described from the Chipola formation. In our later collections it has proved to be common, occurring at all of the stations in the Chipola, both stations in the Oak Grove, and at one station in the Shoal River, and also numerous specimens occurred in the Hawthorn formation on the Suwannee River at White Springs.
It is a striking species with its rounded form and the very long retral processes between the sutures.
ELPHIDIUM (sp?)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, I. 41, pl. 7, figs. 5a, b, 1930.)
The recent collections gave no further specimens.
Family PENEROPLIDAE
Subfamily Spirolininae
Genus PENEROPLIS Montfort, 1808 PENEROPLIS PROTEUS d'Orblgny
Plate 10, figures 7-11, 14
Peneroplis protea d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Foraminif res", p. 60, pl. 7, figs. 7-11, 1839.
Peneroplis proteus Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 75, pl. 18,
figs. 13-19, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 79, 1922;
Publ. 344, p. 83, 192(1; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 7, p. 37, pl. 13,
figs. 1-17, 1930.
Peneropis dubius d'Orbigny, In De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Forainnifi res," p. 62, pl. 6, figs. 21, 22, 1839.
Orbioulina adunca H. B. Brady, (part), Rep. Voy. 0haflenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
pl. 14, figs. 3, 4, 1884.
Test with the early portion close coiled and completely involute, thickened, later portion assuming various shapes and variously flaring but not becoming entirely embracing; chambers numerous, ten to twelve usually in the coils of the early portion, usually somewhat higher than in most species; sutures distinct, depressed; wall very smooth, thick, usually opaque; apertures formed by the row of pores along the median line of the apertural face. Length up to 2.00 ITmm.
This species is a very common one, and the most common species of the genus in the warmer regions of the western Atlantic. It is, therefore, interesting to find that it occurs in great abundance in
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
the Chipola formation. We have it from four of the five stations. As in Recent material there is a great variation in the shape of the test, and the series of figures given here will show some of these.
PENEROPLIS BRADYI Cushman
Plate 10, figures 12, 13
Pencroplis planatus Cushman, (not Fichtel and Moll), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 59, p. 75, pl. 18, fig. 9, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ.
311, p. 79, 1922.
Pcncroplis pcrtusus, var. planatus Woodward, The Observer, vol. 4, p. 77, 1893. PcneropZi8 bradyi Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 7, p. 40, pl. 14,
figs. 8-10, 1930.
Test small, very greatly compressed, early portion planispirally coiled, usually partially evolute, later portion broadening, forming a flaring test; chambers distinct, long and low; sutures very distinct, depressed; wall finely pitted but not striate; apertures in the central line of the apertural face. Length, usually less than 1.000 mi., often much less.
In the present fauna off the coast of Florida this species is next in abundance to Peneroplis proteus d'Orbigny. It is, therefore, not surprising to find it associated with P. proteus in the Chipola formation. It is a much thinner form and the early stages are evolute, whereas P. protests is involute throughout.
SORITES (?) sp (?)
Plate 17, figures 1-8
There is in the Chipola marl as one of its most characteristic species, a large, circular, flattened species which is here referred to the genus So?,itos. In the plate both microspheric and megalospheric forms are figured. The miscrospheric form has a spherical proloculum followed by a.n elongate camber' coiled about it, and making a litte less than one-half a coil. This is followed by shorter chambers, three or four in number, after which chambers are developed which are low and broad and divided into chamberlets. In the mnegalospheric form the proloculum is large and polygonal, followed by another large chamber, after which chambers are taken on which are low and broad, and divided into chamberlets. Succeeding chambers quickly become annular, and continue in this manner through the adult stages.
The structure in section is shown in the figures. Chamberlets in the same annular series communicate with the adjacent lateral ones and also with the alternating chamberlets in the next succeeding annular series. This is the structure that Douvill6 has shown for the genus Srites. This species from the Miocene of Florida has the structure somewhat modified but it is essentially the same. In
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
vertical section there are single chambers with several openings through into the adjacent ones in the adult, and single openings in the young stages. On the outer peripheral, face the apertures are numerous, arranged in a narrow band in the middle of the face. The pores themselves are of irregular shape and size. They are, therefore, somewhat different from Soriteg mnargivalis and other simple species, but while in some ways they resemble A;mpk/isorus there are not double series of chambers as in that genus. The whole structure, therefore, is that of Sorites although it is more complex than most of the species assigned to that genus.
This form 'may be identical with Sarites domiwensis Ehrenberg described from Santo Domingo, the types of which are in Berlin. It is hoped that these types may be restudied this year, and then it may be definitely determined whether or not the species of the Chipola and that of Santo Domingo are identical. Meanwhile the figures are available for this very striking form.
Figures 4-8 on Plate 17 are from sections and photographs made by Mr. Lloyd G. Henbest of the U. S. Geological Survey.
Family HETEROHELICIDAE
Subfamily Pavonininae
Genus PAVONINA d'Orbigny, 1826
PAVONINA MIOCENICA Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 12, figures 19a, b
Test much compressed, flattened sides nearly parallel, periphery of basal portion forming a broad angle, carinate, outer portion forming a broad curve, concave and keeled at each side; early chambers biserial, later ones uniserial, broad and low, curved, extending across the whole outer peripheral face; sutures distinct, not raised, somewhat limbate; wall coarsely perforate; aperture consisting of several small pores irregularly arranged in the outer peripheral face. Length
0.60 mm.; breadth 0.70 mm.; thickness 0.10 mm. Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16334) froi the Miocene of Harveys Creek, Sec. 9, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., Leon County. This is a distinctive new species most closely related to Pavonina atlantica Cushman, known in Recent collections from off Florida and the West Indies. It has so far been found only at the type locality of the Cancellaria, zone of the Choctawhatchee formation.
The incomplete specimens referred to "Pavonina sp." in Florida Geol. Survey, Bulletin 4, p. 41, 1930, have been found to belong to ReatocibiaicW gniooenicu Cushman and Ponton.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Subfamily Plectofrondiculariinae
Genus PLECTOFRONDICULARIA Llebus, 1903 PLECTOFRONDICULARIA FLORIDANA Cushman
Plate 11, figure 8
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4,,p. 41, pl. 8, fig. 1, 1930.)
This species as in the previous collections has proved to be an index fossil of the Area zone of the Choetawhatchee formation, being common at those stations and not found elsewhere. It may be easily distinguished from the following species by the decided median keel, and a rounded periphery in addition to the two lateral ones. A figure of this species is given for comparison with the following.
PLECTOFRONDICULARIA MANSFIELDI Cushman and Ponton Plate 11, fIgures 7a, b
Plcctofrondicuaria inansfieldi Cushman and Ponton, Contr. Cushmaun Lab.
Foram. Res., vol. 7, p. 60, pl. 8, figs. la, b, 1931.
Test very much compressed, much elongated, very slightly tapering, the later portion with the sides nearly parallel, sides sharply truncate or slightly concave with distinct keels, giving a narrow rectangular shape in end view; chambers numerous, the earliest ones biserial, soon becoming uniscrial, and increasing rather rapidly in height toward the apertural end, somewhat inflated; sutures very distinct, slightly depressed, especially in the later portion, usually not distinctly limbate, convexly curved; wall mostly smooth, but the basal end with one or two very short costae; aperture not shown. Length up to 1.50 mm.; maximum breadth 0.25 mam.; thickness 0.12 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 15,483) from the Miocene of Old Frazier Farm NW1/ of SE1/ Sec. 18, T. 2 N., R. 19 S., Walton County.
This species was recently described from the Miocene of Florida, being named for Dr. W. C. Mansfield of the United States Geological Survey, and has proved to be very definite in its distribution. The uppermost occurrence is in the Yoldia zone of the Choctawhatchee, and in addition it occurs in all three zones of the Shoal River formation but not elsewhere. It is distinguished by the truncate periphery without the central keel, and the shape of the chambers is quite different, with the sutures. also much more curved, not limbate, and much compressed, all characters distinct from those of P. floridam. The later chambers become relatively high, and it may be that the broken specimens later referred to the genus Amzphimarphina may be the adult of this form because they occur at the same stations in the Yoldia zone.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Genus AMPHIMORPHINA Neugeboren, 1850 AMPHIMORPHINA sp(?)
Plate 11, figures 4-6
The fragmentary specimens seem to be the end chambers of a form which should be referred to this genus. As they occur with Pletofrondu laria, mansfieldi i may be that they represent the adult stages of that form. Although the original material was carefully searched no 'complete specimens were found to settle this point.
-Genus NODOGENERINA Cushman, 1927
NODOGENERINA ADVENA Cushman and Lalming Plate 11, figure 10
Nodogenevina advena Cushinan and Laiming, Journ. Pal., vol. 5, p. 106, pl. 11,
figs. 19a, b, 1931.
Test elongate, tapering, circular in transverse section; chambers distinct, inflated, closely set, and slightly overlapping, of fairly uniform shape, increasing gradually in size as added, later ones slightly higher than the earlier ones; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, or showing traces of slight roughenings in longitudinal lines; aperture elliptical, extended, with a slight lip. Length 0.600.70 mm.; diameter 0.12-0.15 mm.
This small species was originally described from the Mliocene of California. It occurs fairly frequently in the Yoldi. zone of the Choctawhatchee formation, but specimens compared with the types seem to show that the two forms from California and Florida should probably be included under one name.
Family BULIMINIDAE
Subfamily Turrilininae
Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911
BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA (d'Orblgny)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 42, pl. 8, figs. 2, 3, 1930.)
This has proved tQ be very widely distributed in the Florida Mliocene, occurring at all but four of the stations in the Choctawhatchee formation, and represented also -in two zones of the Shoal River, in both stations in the Oak Grove and in the upper zone of the Chipola. It has, however, not occurred in the typical Chipola which is not surprising, as this species is usually found in deeper water than that in which the typical Chipola was deposited.
BULIMINELLA CURTA Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 43, pl. 8, fig. 4, 1930.)
This species is widely distributed in the Miocene of California and FlOrida. Well developed specimens occur in the middle portion
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
of the section, but are absent from the Chipola at the base and from the Cancellariia zone of the Choctawhatchee at the top.
BULIMINELLA SUBTERES (H. B. Brady)
Plate 11, figures 9a, b
Bulimina presli Reuss, var. elegantissima Parker and Jones, Philos. Trans.,
vol. 155, p. 374, pl. 15, figs. 12-17, 1865.
Bulimina elegantissinma H. B. Brady, (var.) Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5,
vol. 1, p. 436, pl. 20, fig. 12, 1878.
Bulimina subteres H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci., vol. 21, p. 55, 1881.J. Wright, Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club, App., p. 180, pl. 8, figs. 2, 2a, 1880-81.--H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 403, pl. 50, figs. 17, 18, 1884.-Egger, Abh. k~n. bay. Akad. Wiss. M11nchen, Cl. II, vol. 18, p. 289, pl. 8, figs. 73, 74, 1893.-GoLs, K~ngl. Svensk.
Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 25, No. 9, p. 46, pl. 9, figs. 445-453, 1894.Chapman, Rep't Foram. Subantarctic Ids. New Zealand, p. 330, pl. 14, fig. 10, 1909.-Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 513, p. 39, pl. 9, figs. 7a-d;
pl. 11, figs. 1-5, 1912.-Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad.,
vol. 31, pt. 64, p. 62, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14, 1913.
Buliminclla subtcrcs Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 89, figs.
142a, b, (in text), 1911.-U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 110, pl. 22,
figs. 3-5, 1922.
Test elongate, ovate, fusiform, the initial end more pointed than the apertural end; chambers oblique, forming two or three irregularly spiral coils, inflated, increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, sonehat depressed; wall usually translucent, smooth, finely perforate; aperture a long, narrow, slightly curved slit at the edge of the ventral face of the chamber, often in a depressed umbilical area. Length 0.25 mm.; breadth 0.12 im.; thickness 0.10 mam.
This species is represented by a single well developed specimen from a station in the Choctawhatchee formation in the upper Cancellaria zone. The species is recorded from numerous stations in the western Atlantic so that its occurrence in the Miocene of Florida is not strange. The reference above to U. S. Nat. Mus., Bulletin 104, will give numerous records for this species which are without figures. Only those references which have figured specimens have been copied here.
Genus BULIMINA d'Orbigny, 1826
BULIMINA GRACILIS Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 43, pl. 8, figs. 5a, b, 1930.)
This species was originally described in Bulletin 4, tle above reference. It has been found to be very abundant in the Arco, zone of the Choctawhatchee formation and much less so in the two higher zones of the Choctawhatchee. In the material from the Area zone
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
particularly, the test becomes very much elongated and the chambers tend to become biserial or so loosely arranged that they simulate a uniserial form.
BULIMINA GRACILIS Cushman, var.(?)
This is a varietal form which occurs in the typical Shoal River in which there are fine spinose projections at the base of the test. Specimens are fairly rare and some of them tend to become smooth like the typical form. It may later be discovered that this is a (lefinite variety characteristic of this earlier portion of the section.
BULIMINA INFLATA Seguenza
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 43, pl. 8, figs. 6a, b, 1930.)
This species is characteristic of t-he Choctawhatchee and especially of the Area zone, occurring at all but one of the stations, but in the upper zones occurring at only four stations, and then in very few rumbers.
BULIMINA MARGINATA d'Orblgny
Plate 11, figure 12
Bulimina marginata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 269, No. 4, pl. 12,
figs. 10-12, 1826.-Parker and Jones, Ann. Mag. Nat. I-list., ser. 2, vol. 19, p. 296, pl. 11, figs. 35-40, 1857.-Balkwill and Wright, Proc. Roy.
Irish Acad., ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 547, 1882.-H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challengcr, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 405, pl. 51, figs. 3-5, 1884.-Cushman, U. S.
Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 91, pl. 21, figs, 4, 5, 1922. (For a more
complete synonymy of this species see Bulletin 104.)
Bulimina pupoides d'Orbigny, var. marginata Williamson, Rec. Forami. Gt.
Britain, p. 62, pl. 5, figs. 126, 127, 1858.
B imina presli Reuss, var. margihata Parker and Jones, Philos. Trans..
vol. 155, p. 372, pl. 15, fig. 10; pl. 17, fig. 70, 1865.
Test ovate, somewhat tapering; chambers numerous, inflated, all visible from the exterior, ventral margin of the chambers extending out from the preceding at a definite acute angle, forming a definite rim to the chamber which has a series of short spines or crenulations, the remainder of the chamber smooth and curved; sutures distinct, depressed; wall thin and transparent, 'usually in older specimens somewhat thickened, white, and nearly opaque; aperture a commashaped slit in a slight depression of the inner face of the chamber, ofteii with a slightly raised border.
Specimens referred to this species occur in rather few numbers at three stations in the Cancellaria, zone of the Choctawhatchee formation but nowhere else in the section. They are similar to this species which is known living off the coast of Florida and widely distributed elsewhere.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
BULIMINA BUCHIANA d'Orblgny
Plate 12, figures la, b
Buliniha bachiana d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 186, pl. 11,
figs. 15-18, 1846.-Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien. vol. 55, p. 95, pl, 4, figs. 10a, b, 1867.-Terrigi, Atti Accad. Pont. Nuovi Liucel, vol. 33, p. 195, pl. 2, fig. 37, 1880.-H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 407, pl. 51, figs. 18, 19, 1884; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., p. 899, 1887.-Wright. Proe. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 474, 1891.Egger, Abh. k~n. bay. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen, Cl. II, vol. 18, p. 280, p1. 8, figs. 68, 77, 1893.-Chapman, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 22, 1895; Proc. Cal. Acad. Set., vol. 1, ser. 3, p. 244, pl. 29, fig. 5, 1900; Jour. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2, vol. 10, p. 127, pl. 9, fig: 6, 1907.-Bagg, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 135, 1908.-Chapman, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 30, p. 403, 1910.-Cushnan, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 85,
figs. 138a, b (in text), 1911.-Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, p. 1014, 1914.-Chapmian, Biol. Results Endcavotir, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 18, 1915.-Cushmian, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 676, p. 50, 1918; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 160, 1921; Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 95,
pl. 20, fig. 4, 1922.
Bitlinina presli Reuss, var. bitchiana Parker and Jones, Philos. Trans., vol.
155, p. 374, pl. 17, fig. 71. 1865.
Bolivina karreriana Bagg, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 138, 1908, (not
B. karreriaa H. B. Brady).
Test ovate, broadest above the middle, composed of numerous inflated chambers, the remainder of the test consisting of longitudinal plate-like costae, confluent from the apex to the base of the lastformed chamber; chambers distinct, inflated, smooth except for the longitudinal costae; sutures distinct, somewhat depressed; wall in young specimens thin and translucent, in the adults thickened and opaque; aperture a loop-like opening of the inner margin of the chamber with a definite margined lip. Length 0.70-0:85 mm.;. diameter 0.35-0.40 mim.
This species was originally described by d'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. It has been rather widely recorded from both fossil and Recent samples. In our recent collections it has been found to be common in the Yoldia zone of the Choctawhatchee formation, but has not been found above or below this zone in any other Miocene material examined from Florida.
BULIMINA OVATA d'Orbigny
Plate 11, figure 11
Biulintina ovata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 185, pl. 11,
figs. 13, 14, 1846.--H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 400, pl. 50, figs. 13a, b, 1884.-Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 77, figs. 125a-c (in text), 1911; Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 164, fig. 4
(in text), 1921; Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 100, pl. 21, fig. 3, 1922.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
There are a few smooth specimens from the Arou, zone of the Choctawhatchee formation which are evidently identical with this species described by d'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin. In all the material we have examined it has not occurred in any of the other zones, and is comparatively rare in this one.
Genus GLOBOBULIMINA Cuslnan, 1927
GLOBOBULIMINA PACIFICA :Cushman
Plate 12, figure 2
Globobtfiminaa pacifica Cushman, Contr. Cushnian Lab. Forami. Res., vol. 3,
pt. 1, p. 67, pl. 14, fig. 12, 1927; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Teeh. Set., vol. 1, No. 10, p. 153, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1927.-Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, p. 74, pl. 11, fig. 18, 1927.-Cushnman and Moyer, Contr. Cushinan Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 6, p. 57, 1930.-Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. I-list., vol. 6, p. 66, pl. 5, fig. 4, 1930.-Cuslinan and Jarvis, Journ. Pal., vol. 4, p. 362, pl. 33, fig. 6, 1930.-Cushinan and Laiming, Journ. Pal., vol. 5, p. 108, pl. 12, figs. la, b, 1931.-Cushman and Parker, Conir. Cushmian Lab.
Foram. Res., vol. 7, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 30, 1931.
Test subglobular in the adult with the last three chambers making up the exterior by enclosing the preceding ones; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall very thin, finely perforate, smooth; aperture loop-shaped, with a slight border, a broad apertural tooth or plate, find an internal spiral tube.
This species is known from Recent to Miocene. Most of the records ,re from the Pacific coast of the United States, but it has also been recorded from the Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica. In the Florida Miocene it has occurred at a single station in the middle .zonf. of the Shoal River formation.
Genus YIRGULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
VIRGULINA PUNCTATA d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 7a,, b, 1930.)
This species has been found to be much more abundant in our later material than in the earlier collections, occurring in the three upper zones of the Choctawhatchee and the middle zone of the Shoal River. It is a widely distributed species in the present warm waters off Florida and also in the Miocene of the general Gulf and West Indian region.
VIRGULINA FUSIFORMIS Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 45, pl. 8, figs. 8a, b, 1930.)
Our later collections show that this species which was originally described in Bulletin 4 is limited to the same zones from which it was described, namely the Canceelaria and Ecphora zones of the (Choctawhatchee. It is a peculiar small species with a very definite
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
shape and very small aperture, and could hardly be confused with any other species.
VIRGULINA PONTONI Cushman
Plate 12, figures 10, 11
Virgulina floridana Cushman and Laniing (not Cushmian, 1920), Journ. Pal.,
vol. 5, p. 109, pl. 12, figs. 3a, b, 1931.
Virgulina ponton! Cuslinian, Contr. Cushman Lab. Forain. les., vol. 8, p. 17,
pl. 3, fig. 7, 1932.
Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth toward the apertural end, somewhat compressed; chambers fairly numerous, elongate, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture comparatively large and broad. Length 0.60 mm.; breadth
0.20 mm.
This species was originally described from the Oak Grove sand of Yellow River, Okaloosa County, Florida. It has been found in our recent collections in the upper and lower beds of the Shoal River formation, at both stations in the Oak Grove, and at four of the five stations in the Chipola. It thus has a much lower range in the section than either of the other forms, and is the only member ofi the genus to appear in the Chipola. It is apparently replaced in the Choctawhatchee formation by V. pu nctata.
Subgenus VIRGULINELLA Cushnian, 1932
VIRGULINA (VIRGULINELLA) GUNTERI Cushman
Plate 12, figure 7
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 44, p1. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1930.)
This species described from the Choctawhatchee formation is most abundant in the Area zone, but occurs much less abundantly in the Cancellaria, Ecphora and Yoidia zones, and specimens referred to it occur in the upper beds of the Shoal River formation, but it is missing from the other zones. It is, however, replaced by the following
-variety in the Ecphora zone and by V. miocenicat in the lower portion of the section.
VIRGULINA (VIRGULINELLA) GUNTERI Cushman, var. CURTATA Cushman and Ponton
Plate 12, figure 8
Virgulina gunteri Cushnian, var. curtata Cushmnan and Ponton, Contr. Cushman Lab. Forarn. Res., vol. 8, p. 4, p1. 1, fig. 2, 1932.
Variety differing from the typical in the short rounded form and comparatively few chambers.
Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 16,304) from Darling
Slide in the Eaphora zone of the Choctawhatchee formation.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
This peculiar short rounded form takes the place of the typical in the Ecphora of the Choctawhatchee, and at some of the stations becomes very abundant.
VIRGULINA (VIRGULINELLA) MIOCENICA Cushman and Ponton Plate 12, figure 9
Vtrguina miocenica Cushman and Ponton, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,
vol. 7, p. 32, pl. 4, figs. 14-16, 1931.
Test elongate, slender, somewhat compressed, gradually tapering from the subacute initial end to the greatest breadth formed by the last two chambers, somewhat twisted; chambers numerous, distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed, marked by numerous depressions, the sides of which extend backward to the preceding chamber in short distinct processes; wall except for the markings of the sutures, smooth, very finely perforate; aperture very elongate, narrow, slightly curved, running nearly from the apex of the lastformed chamber to the inner margin. Length 0.75-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm.; thickness 0.20-0.25 mim.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 15481) from the Miocene, Shoal River formation, Shell Bluff, Walton County.
In the lower part of the section this species occurs from the lower portion of the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee as its upper limit to the Oak Grove, but does not occur in the Chipola. It is very different in shape from V. gunteiri, having its greatest width toward the apertural end and usually slender and tapering.
Genus BOLIVINA d'Orbigny, 1839
BOLIVINA MARGINATA Cushman
BoUWina, marginata Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 676, p. 48, pl. 10,
fig. 1, 1918; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 5a, b, 1925; Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 45, pl. 8, figs. 9a, b, 1930.-Cushinan and Laiming, Journ. Pal., vol. 5, p. 110, pl. 12, figs.
6-8, 1931.-Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,
vol. 7, p. 9, pl. 2, fig. 1, 1931.
Test much compressed, of medium size for the genus, periphery acute, keeled throughout or sometimes obsolete at the apertural end; sutures usually distinctly limbate, oblique; chambers numerous, distinct, seven or eight chambers making up the last half of the test, earlier ones long and narrow, later ones much higher; wall thin, rather coarsely perforate, surface smooth; aperture elongate, narrow. Length usually less than 1.00 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm.; thickness
0.12-0.15 mm.
This species which is now known from the Miocene of Florida and California was previously recorded from the Choctawhatchee forma-
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
tion. It occurs in the Ecphora, Arca and Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee as well as in all three zones of the Shoal River, but is apparently absent from the upper portion of the Choctawhatchee and from the lower Miocene series included in the Oak Grove and Chipola.
BOLIVINA MARGINATA Cushman, var. MULTICOSTATA Cushman
Bolivina aeiwriensis (Costa), var. muilticostata Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey,
Bull. 676, p. 48, pl. 10, fig. 2, 1918.
Bolivina marginata Cushman, var. muilticostata Cushnan, Florida Geol.
Survey, Bull. 4, p. 46, pl. 8, figs. 13, 14, 1930.
Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the test which consists of a series of longitudinal costae of varying lengths.
The varietal form of the species is slightly more restricted than the typical smooth form according to our records, but the two are usually found associated with one another. .
BOLIVINA FLORIDANA Cushman
Bolivina flaridlana Cushnman, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 676, p. 49, pl. 10,
fig. 4, 1918.-Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, p. 74, 1928.Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, p. 93, 1929; Florida Geol. Survey, Bull, 4, p. 46, pl. 8, figs. 15a, b, 1930.-Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 7, p. 9, pl. 2, fig. 2, 1931. Bolivina decussata Cushman .(not H. B. Brady), Contr. Cushman Lab.
Foram, Res., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 6a, b, 1925; vol. 2, pt. 3,
p. 54, 1926.
This is a widely distributed Miocene species now known from Florida, Trinidad, Venezuela, and California. In our recent material from Florida this species is limited to the Arca and Yoldda, zones of the Choctawhatchee, the CG.drm bed and the middle zone of the Shoal River formation.
BOLIVINA PLICATELLA Cushman
Bolivina plicatella Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 46, pl. 8, figs.
10q, b, 1930.-Cole, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. "6, p. 41, 1931.
This species in our recent collections was limited to the Camiellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee, but in Bulletin No. 4 was recorded from four stations in the Ecphora zone. It is also recorded by Cole from the Pliocene of Florida.
BOLIVINA PLICATELLA Cushman, var. MERA Cushman and Ponton, n. var.
Plate 12, figures 4a, b
Variety differing from the typical in the much less excavated middle line, but otherwise having many of the characteristics of 'this species.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 16320) from the Oak Grove sand from Tanner's Mill, 4 miles southwest of Laurel Hill, Okaloosa County.
At this locality this variety is very common. It is apparently a primitive form of B. plicatella in which the characters are not fully developed. The coarse perforations of the test and slight twisting are very similar. It occurs only in the Oak Grove sand and the typical Chipola.
BOLIVINA PULCHELLA d'Orblgny, var. PRIMITIVA Cushman
Bolivina pulchella d'Orbigny, var. primnitiva, Cuslman, Florida Geol. Survey,
Bull. 4, p. 47, p1. 8, figs. 12a., b, 1930.-Cole, Florida Geol. Survey,
Bull. 6, p. 41, pl. 2, fig. 10, 1931.
This form occurs only in the Cancella),ia. zone of the upper Choclawhatchee formation, and it is interesting to note that it is also recorded by Cole from the Pliocene of Florida.
BOLIVINA ADVENA Cushman
Plate 12, figure 3
Bofivina advena Cushman, Contr. Cushmian Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 2,
p. 29, pl. 5, figs. la, b, 1925; vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 54, 1926.-Cushlnan, Stewart and Stewart, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 67,
1930.
Test of early portion compressed, later portion thickened, periphery rounded, increasing gradually in width toward the apertural end; early chambers low, close set, not inflated, later ones higher and more inflated; sutures of the early portion limbate, in the later portion narrow and somewhat depressed; wall smooth but distinctly perforate.
This species originally described from California occurs in typical form but in few numbers in the Arca, zone of the Choctawhatchee formation.
BOLIVINA ROBUSTA H. B. Brady
Plate 12, figure 5
Bolivina robusta H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 21, p. 57, 1881;
Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, Vol. 9, p. 421, pl. 53, figs. 7-9, 1884.
There is a single specimen from one of the stations in the middle zone of the Shoal River formation. It is here figured, and seems to be identical with Brady's species which has been widely recorded from Eocene to Recent material. It is characterized by the lobe toward the inner margin of each chamber in the adult. It is somewhat similar to B. alazanensis Cushman, but is not keeled nor is the central line raised.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
BOLIVINA PAULA Cushman and Cahill (MS.), n. op.
Plate 12, figures 6a, b
Test minute, much compressed, periphery subacute, sides for the most part nearly parallel, initial end tapering; chambers numerous, often twelve or more pairs in the adult test, increasing somewhat in height as added, some of the earliest ones being very low ;sutures distinct, very slightly if at all depressed, slightly limbate, rather strongly curved backward; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture rn elongate, somewhat comma-shaped opening in the median line of the apertural face. Length 0.30-0.35 nmn.; breadth 0.15 ram.; thickness 0.06-0.08 nun.
This species known from the Miocene of Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, occurs rather widely distributed in the various members of the Miocene of Florida, and is a small inconspicuous species and likely to be overlooked.
Genus LOXOSTOMIUM Elirenberg, 1854 LOXOSTOMUM GUNTERI Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 47, pl. 8, figs. 11a, b, 1930.)
Our material adds nothing further to the distribution of this species which is confined to the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee formation.
Subfamily Reussiinae
Genus REUSSIA Seiwager, 1877
REUSSIA SPINULOSA (Reuss)
Plate 12, figures 14-16
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 48, pl. 8, figs. 17a, b, 1930.)
The development of this species in the various members of the Miocene of Florida is an interesting one. The species occurs in the (lancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee where it develops chambers
-.. . .- - . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- ..- . ... . . . .
which are very angled, and at the basal margin project strongly. These projections are not only spinose, but represent very distinct angular projections of the chambers themselves under the general margin. This form is most common in the Ca.'ncellatia zone. A varietal form occurs in the Area, zone of the Choctawhatchee where it has smooth margins with almost no trace of spines, and is not seen again until in the typical Oak Grove marl where specimens occur which are somewhat spinose at the margin but the chambers are not usually as projecting as in the development of the species in the Cancella'iia zone of the Choctawhatchee. These three forms may be distinguished but the first and third occur together, and as the species is a variable one, it seems a question as to whether definite names should be given to these three. forms even though they have
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOQENE OF FLORIDA
somewhat distinctive ranges in the Florida Miocene. All three forms aie here figured for comparison.
Genus CHRYSALIDINELLA Schubert, 1907 CHRYSALIDINELLA PULCHELLA (Cushman)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull 4, p. 48, pl. 8, figs. 16a, b, 1930.)
This species is most common in the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee, ut is widely distributed, occurring in the Cancellaria zone, as well as in the upper bed of the Shoal River formation, and in the Oak Grove. Being a rather deep water species it is not strange to find. that it does not occur in the shoal water material of the Chipola.
Subfamily Uvigerininae
Genus UVIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826
UVIGERINA PEREGRINA Cushman
Uvigerina pygmaca Flint (not U. pigmea d'Orbigny), Rep't U. S. Nat. Mus.,
p. 320, pl. 68, fig. 2, 1897 (1899).
Uvigerina cf. piginea Cushinan, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 49, pl. 9,
figs. 3-6, 1930.
Uvgerina peregrina Cushinan, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 160,
pl. 42, figs. 7-10, 1923; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, No. 10, p. 158, pl. 3, fig. 13, 1027.-Galloway and Wissler, Journ.
Pal., vol. 1, p. 76, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2, 1927.-Church, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, p. 268, 1928.-R. E. and K. C. Stewart, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol.,
vol. 14, p. 1448, 1930.-Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 69, pl. 5, fig. 11, 1930.
Test elongate, about two and one-half times as long as broad, widest in the middle, ends rounded; chambers fairly numerous, inflated, distinct; sutures depressed but the line of the sutures indistinct; wall ornamented with longitudinal costae, about ten on a fullgrown chamber, those of each chamber usually not continuous with those of adjacent chambers, high and very thin and sharp, toward the basal and apertural ends of the test becoming broken up into spinose or irregular short portions, the wall between the costae and the costae themselves distinctly granular; aperture circular, at the end of a distinct cylindrical neck, often spinose and with a phialine lip.
The species has been recorded as Uvigorina pigmea d'Orbigny in the Tertiary and Recent collections off both coasts of America, and evidently ranges as far back as the Miocene. This species like most of those of the genus is variable, but U. pigmea d'Orbigny is now established as a definite species of entirely different characters (See Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 6, 1930, p. 62, pl. 9, figs. 14-20).
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Specimens are well distributed in all the zones from the CanceUllria, zone of the Choctawhatchee down through the Shoal River, but specimens were not recorded from the Oak Grove or Chipola formations.
UVIGERINA AUBERIANA'd'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 49, pl. 9, fig. 7, 1930.)
This species which is rather widely distributed in the West Indian region also occurs as a fossil as far back as the Miocene, but as far as we observed is never in very considerable numbers. The same is true of its occurrence in a living c6ndition. Our records include the three upper zones of the Choetawhatchee and a'single record from the Shoal li-ver..
UVIGERINA PARKERI Karrer
Plate .12, figures 12a, b
Uvigerina parkeri Karrer, Abliandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 9, p. 385, pl. 16b,
fig. 50, 1877.
We have from one station in the Ecphora zone of the Choctawhatchee a single specimen excellently preserved of a much compressed species of Uvigei'ina, the later portion of which is-decidedly biserial. Such specimens are common in the Miocene of the Vienna Basin from which Karrer described U. parkeri, and another much more ornate species U. compresga Cushman has been described. Our specimen is, therefore, worthy of note here as the first one of its kind to occur in our material, and more specimens should be expected in further search of material from this area.
Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schluiberger, 1883
SIPHOGENERINA LAMELLATA Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 49, p1. 9, fig. 10, 1930.)
Our later studies of the Miocene of Florida confirm the fact already found in the earlier studies recorded in Bulletin 4, that this species is abundant and characteristic only in the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee for which it furnishes an excellent index fossil.
Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927
ANGULOGERINA OCCIDENTALIS (Cushman)
Uvigerina angulosa Cushman (not Williamson), Cai'negie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4, 1922.
Uvigerina occidentalis Cushman, U. S. Nat Mus.) Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 169, 1923.
Angulogerina ocoidentalis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 50, pl. 9, figs. 8, 9, 1930.-Cole, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 6, p. 44, pl. 2, fig. 5, 1931.--Cushman and Laiming, Journ. Pal., vol. 5, p. 112, pl. 12, figs. 15, 16, 1931.-Cushman and Parker, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 80,
Art. 3, p. 17, 1931.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
This species originally described from the West Indian region is now known from the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene of Florida, and from the Miocene of California. It is rather widely distributed, occurring in all the formations of the Miocene of Florida but not at all the zones. It is most common in the upper Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee.
Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE
Genus ELLIPSOLAGENA A. Silvestri, 1923 ELLIPSOLAGENA BIDENS Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 50, pl. 9, figs. 11a., b, 1930.)
In our newer material this species originally described in Bulletin 4, and recorded mainly from the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee, with a single station in the Ecphara zone, has occurred only in the Arca, zone. It is, therefore, to be considered a characteristic species of this portion of the Choctawhatchee.
Family ROTALIIDAE
Subfamily Spirillininae
Genus SPIRILLINA Ehrenberg, 1841 SPIRILLINA ORBICULARIS Bagg
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 51, pi. 9, figs. 12a, b, 1930.)
This species is apparently very rare and did not occur in our recent collections.
Subfamily Discorbisinae
Genus PATELLINA Williamson, 1858 PATELLINA CORRUGATA Williamson
Plate 13, figures la, b
Patellina corrugata Williamson, Recent Foram. Gt. Britain,. p. 46, pl. 3, figs. 86-89, 1858.
Test usually free, conical, or plano-convex, early portion composed of chambers spirally arranged, later ones elongating and finally becoming annular or nearly so in the last-formed portion of the test; chambers partially divided by internal septa which are visible from the exterior, showing clearly in the last-formed chambers from the ventral side; somewhat umbilicate ventrally; walls comparatively thin and translucent; aperture somewhat elongate, situated at the inner border of the chamber.
This species is rare in the Miocene of Florida, occurring at but two stations in the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee. The specimens are fairly typical, and one of them is figured. For additional references to this species see Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 11, 1931.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Genus DISCORBIS Lamarek, 1804
DISCORBIS FLORIDANA Cushman
Plate 13, figures 2a-o
DiscorbiM floridana Cushman, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 39,
pl. 5, figs. 11, 12, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 21, pl. 4,
figs. 7, 8, 1931.
Discorbig roaacea Cushman (not d'Orbigny), Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4,
p. 51, pl. 9, figs. 13a-c, 1930.
Discorbis subaraucana Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 52, pl. 10,
figs. la-c (not Cushman, 1922), 1930.
Test rotaliform, periphery slightly, if at all, lobulated, dorsal side rounded, much convex, ventral side concave, somewhat umbilicate; chambers comparatively few, five or six in the last-formed coil' on the dorsal side coarsely punctate, on the ventral side punctate near the periphery, but on the inner concave portion smooth, with very fine punctae, if any; sutures in the younger portion slightly limbate, aperture an elongate, arched opening at the base of the last-formed chamber, opening on the umbilicate area, often with a slight lip.
This species originally described from the Tortugas region of Florida and occurring also in the West Indies is common in the Cancellaria zone and much less common in the Eephar. and Area zones of the Choctawhatchee formation. The specimens referred to as Discorbis rosacea in Florida Geol. Survey, Bulletin 4, p. 51, pl. 9, figs. 13a-c, 1930, are probably referred to this species, as the original Rotalia rosaoea d'Orbigny has proved from a study of the original model of that species to belong to Amphistegina, and the specimens referred to Discorbis suba raucana in the previous bulletin have been all referred to Disoarbis floridana in our revision of that material.
DISCORBIS CONSOBRINA (d'Orblgny)
Plate 13, figures 3a-c
Rosalina consobrina d'Orbigny, Voy. Amr. M1rid., vol. 5, pt. 5, "Foraminiffres," p. 46, pl. 7, figs. 4-6, 1839.
Discorbis consobrina Cushman and Kellett Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 75, Art. 25, p. 10, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, 1929.--Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey,
Bull. 4, p. 53, pl. 10, figs 4a-o, 1930.
Specimens referred to this species occurred in samples from both the Cancellaria and Ecphora zones of the Choetawhatchee formation.
DISCORBIS CANDEIANA (d'Orblghly)
Plate 13, figures 4a-c
Rosalina candeiana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminif~res," p. 97, pl. 4, figs. 2-4, 1839.
Truncatulina candetana Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 57, pl. 13, figs. 4, 5, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 47,
pl. 6, figs. 7-9, 1922; Publ. 344, p. 78, 1926.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Discorbis candeiana Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 19, pl. 7,
figs. 4a-o, 1931.
Discorbis vilardeboana Cushman (not d'Orbigny), Florida Geol. Survey,
Bull. 4, p. 52, pl. 10, figs. 3a-o, 1930.
Test trochoid, composed of about 2.5 coils, the last-formed coil composed of about six chambers, rapidly increasing in size, inflated, periphery rounded, lobulated; sutures depressed, except in the early part of the test, ventrally somewhat umbilicate, concave; wall coarsely perforate, the opening of each perforation small and surrounded by a ring of whitish thickened shell material, the remainder of the wall ranslucent; aperture a narrow arched slit, at the base of the lastformed chamber, with a slight lip.
This species is common in the West Indian region, and has been recorded at numerous stations off the coast of Florida in comparatively shallow water. It is more nearly identical with d'Orbigny's "Rosalina candeiana" described from the West Indian region than it is like his "Rosalina vilardeboana"' although the two have many resemblances. The species is widely distributed from the Canaellatia zone of the Choctawhatchee to the Chipola, but does not occur as far as our material shows in the lower zones of the Choctawhatchee or in the Oak Grove.
DISCORBIS CANDEIANA (d'Orblgny), var. BULLATA Cushman and Ponton, n. var.
Plate 13, figures 5a-c
Truntatulina cora Cushman (not d'Orbigny), Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 48, pl. 7, figs..3-5, 1922.
Variety differing from the typical in the nearly globular chambers of the adult which give a much thickened test and a lobulate periphery. This same form is found also in Recent material. We have the variety only at one station in the Chipola formation.
Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 16321) from the Chipola formation at Alum Bluff, toward the lower end of the bluff at water level with the river at a very low stage, about 4 miles north of Bristol, Liberty County.
This is apparently the same as the form. figured from the Tortugas region of Florida, but is not the same as dOrbigny's species.
DISCORBIS ORBICULARIS (Terquem)
Plate 13, figures 6a-c
Rosalina orbicularl8 Terquem, Anin., sur la Plage de Dunkerque, p. 75, pl. 9, figs. 4a, b, 1876.
Discorbis orbivularis Berthelin, Foram. de Borgneuf et Pornichet, p. 39, No. 63. 1878.-Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 5, p. 16, pl. 11,
fig. 1, 1915; U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 305, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 38, pl. 5, fig. 10, 1922; U. S. Nat.
Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 27, pl. 6, figs. 3a-a, 1931.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Discorbina orbiculaiqs H. B. Brady, Rey. Voy. Uhallenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
p. 647. pl. 88, figs. 4-8, 1884.
Discorbis mira Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 52, pl. 10, figs.
2a-c, 1930.
Test piano-convex, the dorsal side forming a low cone, ventrally flat or more often somewhat concave, circular in outline, periphery acute; chambers elongate, each often making nearly half of the circumference, distinct; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall finely to coarsely perforate, smooth; aperture ventral, an elongated opening beneath the somewhat extended central portion of the lastformed chamber.
This species is very abundant in the shallow water off the coast of Florida and in the general West Indian region. In the Miocene of Florida it seems to be limited to the Choctawhatchee formation in the Ca.ncellaria zone. This is the species which was referred to in Bulletin 4 as Discorbis mira (p. 52, pl. 10, figs. 2a-c). It is not the same as the D. mira. described from the Tortugas.
DISCORBIS VALVULATA (d'Orblgny)
Rosalina valvilata d'Orbigny, Ann. Set. Nat., vol. 7, p. 271, No. 4, 1826; in
De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminif~res," p. 96, pl. 3, figs. 21-23, 1839; in Barker, Webb and Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles
Canaries, "Foraminif~res," p. 136, pl. 2, figs. 19-21, 1839.
Discorbina valvulata Jones and Parker (?), Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 28,
p. 114, 1872.-Gols. Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 19, No. 4,
p. 106, pl. 8, figs. 258-261, 1882.-Woodward, The Observer, vol. 4,
p. 176, 1893.-Go s, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zobl., vol. 29, p. 69, 1896.
Discorbis valvlata Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 59, pl. 14,
figs. 4, 5, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 344, p. 78, 1926;
Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 53, pl. 10, figs. 5a-o, 1930.
Test longer than broad, piano-convex, spire very low and compressed, ventral side flattened or concave, periphery with a rounded keel; chambers distinct, increasing rather rapidly in size, on the ventral side with a distinct valvular lip over the umbilical region; sutures on the dorsal side somewhat thickened, not depressed, curved, ventrally sinuate; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture elongate, narrow, below the valvular projection of the chamber near the umbilicus.
This species is not at all common, but we have found occasional specimens which may be referred to it from rather widely separated parts of the section as will be shown by the table. As a Recent species it is also rather widely distributed in the West Indian region, but is never represented by many specimens at any one station.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Genus LAMARCKINA Berthelin, 1881 LAMARCKINA ATLANTICA Cushman
Plate 13, figures 7a-c
Lamarokinca atlantica Cushman, U, S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 35, pl. 7,
figs. 7a-c, 1931.
Test slightly longer than broad, biconvex, ventral side the more strongly convex, umbilicate, periphery keeled and subacute; chambers rapidly increasing in size as added, the last-formed chamber on the ventral side making up nearly half the area of the test; sutures slightly limbate, slightly depressed on the dorsal side, more strongly so on the ventral side; all very slightly roughened on the dorsal side, smooth and polished on the ventral side; aperture at the umbilical end of the chamber ventrally.
This species was originally described from off the coast of Florida in 22 fathoms. The only record for it in our Miocene material is from the middle zone of the Shoal River formation where it is well developed and fairly common. The species is evidently the same as the Recent one from the same general region. It is most easily confused with Canci?'is sagra, with which it occurs at this station, but the Lamarckina has very strongly limbate sutures in the early portion which are raised above the surface, the vent-ral side, as usual in the genus, is highly polished, and the umbilical depression is large and deep.
Genus YALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926 VALVULINERIA FLORIDANA Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 54, pl. 10, figs. 6a-c, 1930.)
Test biconvex, somewhat involifte on the dorsal side, almost completely so on the ventral side, periphery rounded, early portion somewhat angled ; chambers inflated, especially on the ventral side, very distinct; sutures distinct, nearly radial, only slightly curved, not limbate; wall smooth, polished; aperture below the distinct platelike extension of the umbilical end of the chamber.
This species was described from the Arca.zone of the Choctawhatchee formation in Bulletin 4. We have found it to be rather widely distributed in our further studies. Outside the original position in the Area zone we have a single station in the Eaphora zone, but none in either the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee or the Oak Grove sand. It has, however, occurred at all three zones of the Shoal River and also in the Chipola forination. It has as a whole a polished test and distinct flap-like extension from the aperture which distinguished it from the other related forms from the Florida Miocene.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN. NINE,
Subfamily Rotaliinae
Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808
EPONIDES MANSFIELDI Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 54, pl. 11, figs. la-o, 1930.)
This species previously described from the Choctawhatchee occurs abundantly in the lower zones particularly, and occurs also in two zones of the Shoal River, but we have no specimens from either the Oak Grove or the Chipola formation. It has been recorded from the Miocene of California, and also occurs in the Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain northward from Florida. There is considerable variation in the amount of the limbation of the sutures of the dorsal side and of the granular character of the ventral side.
EPONIDES LATERALIS (Terquem)
Plate 13, figures 8a-o
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 55, pl. 10, figs. 7a-c, 1930.)
In the previous bulletin this species was recorded from two stations in the Cancetlaria zone of the Choctawhatchee formation. Our later studies have shown it to be confined to that portion of the section, but we have it from numerous stations within that zone. It is somewhat similar to the following species, both of which are figured here for comparison. E. lateralis is usually a much more compressed species with the dorsal side very strongly limbate, the sutures raised, and the ventral side of the last-formed chamber with large perforations.
EPONIDES REPANDUS (Fichtel and Moll) Plate 13, figures 9a-o
Nautilus repandus Fichtel and Moll, Test. Micr., p. 35, pl. 3, figs. a-d, 1798. Eponide8 repand11s Montfort, Conch. Syst., vol. 1, p. 1271 32e genre, 1808.Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram; Res., vol. 3, pl. 16, fig. 9, 1927; Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Special Publ. No. 1, pl. 40, fig. 1; pl. 41, fig. 9, 1928.--Cushman and Kellett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 75, Art. 25, p. 11, pl. 4, figs. 7a-o, 1929.-Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.
104, pt. 8, p. 49, pl. 10, figs. 7a-c, 1931.
Pulvinulina repanda Carpenter, Introd. Foram., p. 210, 1862.-H. B. Brady,
Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 684, pl. 104, figs. 18a-o, 1884.
This species differs from the preceding in the Miocene material, in the shape of the test which is strongly plano-convex, the dorsal side being usually flattened and the ventral side strongly convex, the chambers fewer, usually five or six, and the last chamber usually without perforations. This species which is characteristic of warm shallow water, frequently has the wall flaked off due to its structure and ease of erosion so that the characters are often obscured. Our
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
specimens are only from the Chipola formation where it is not common. It is recorded living from numerous stations off the coast of Florida in comparatively shallow water.
EPONIDES ANTILLARUM, (d'Orbigny)
Plate 14, figures la-c
RotaUna antiflarum d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Foraminifhres," p. 75, pl. 5, figs. 4-6, 1839.
Truncatulina antillarum Fornasini, Mein. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5,
vol. 10, p. 63, 1902.-Cushman, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 59, p. 57,
pl. 13, figs. 6-8, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 48, 1922. Pulvinulina incePata Cushman, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 51,
pl. 9, figs. 1-3, 1922; Publ. 344, p. 79, 1926.
Bpolia&8 antillarum Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 42, pl. 9,
figs. 2a-o, 1931.
Test unequally biconvex, dorsal side somewhat more convex than the ventral, periphery subacute; chambers numerous, seven or eight in the last-formed coil; sutures oblique, rather indistinct and very slightly if at all depressed on the dorsal side, nearly radiate and somewhat depressed on the ventral side; wall fairly thick, finely punctate, otherwise smooth, ventrally somewhat umbilicate, the apertural face of the last-formed chamber obliquely angled; aperture elongate, at the base of the last-formed chamber.
d'Orbigny described this species in his Cuban monograph, and it has been largely neglected since. It is, however, common off the coast of Florida and in the West Indies. It has proved to be rare in our collections from the Miocene, and the only stations are from the middle zone of the Shoal River and a single station in the Chipola. The species is a very well characterized one, and probably represents a later development of the general form recorded from the Eocene and Oligocene of the general Gulf Coastal Plain as E. byramnesis, E. jacksonensis, etc.
Genus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804
ROTALIA BECCARII (Linn6), var. PARKINSONIANA (d'Orbigny) (See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 56, pl. 11, figs. 3a-c, 1930.)
This variety was previously recorded in Bulletin 4 from the upper three zones of the Choctawhatchee formation. In our more recent collections we have it from a number of stations in the Cancellaria zone and at one station in the Yoldia zone of the Choctawhatchee, and specimens also from the Cardi-b bed and the middle zone of the Shoal River, from the Oak Grove, and at one station in the Chipola formation.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
Subfamily Siphonininae
Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1849
SIPHONINA JACKSONENSIS Cushman and Applin, var. LIMBOSA Cushman
Plate 14, figures 2a-c
Siphonina jacksonensis Cushman and Applin, var. limbosa Cushman, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 72, Art. 20, p. 5, pl. 4, fig. 2, 1927.
We have a single specimen from the middle zone of the Shoal River" formation which is here figured and which resembles very strongly this species originally described from the Alazan Clay of Mexico. The periphery is somewhat keeled and serrate while tho sutures are very limbate in character.
Subfamily Baggininae
Genus CANCRIS Montfort, 1808
CANCIIS SAGRA (d'Orblgny)
Plate 14, figures 3a-c
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 56, pl. 11, figs. 4a-c, 1930.)
This species is one of the most abundant in the Florida Miocene, occurring at nearly all the stations in the four zones of the Choctawhatchee and at all of the stations in the Shoal River, but there are no specimens from the Oak Grove or the Chipola formations. This is probably accounted for by the fact that the species is usually more common in fairly deep water although there are records for it in shoal water off the coast of Florida and in the West Indies. At some stations the species shows a great deal of variation in the position of the chambers, especially the last ones which are added in a different plane from the previous ones. The last chambers are also often very much expanded and rounded. It may be distinguished from Lamarckina by the ventral surface which is very finely perforate instead of being polished and does not have an open umbilical area. The last chamber also has a clear lunate area at the ventral side.
Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE
Genus ASTERIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1839
..ASTERIGERINA CARINATA d'Orblgny
Asterigerina carinata d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminif~res," p. 118, pl. 5, fig. 25, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2, 1839.-Cushman, Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 291, p. 45, 1919; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 59, p. 60, pl. 14, figs. 6-8, 1921; Carnegie Instit. Washington, Publ. 311, p. 54, p1. 9, figs. 4-6, 1922; Cushman- Lab. Foram. Res., Special Publ. No. 1, pl. 42, fig. 1; pl. 44, fig. 4, 1928; U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 77, pl. 15, figs. 4, 5, 1931.
Test unequally biconvex, coiled, the dorsal side very slightly convex, the ventral side strongly so, almost conical; chambers- numer-
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
ous, about three coils, six or seven forming the last-formed coil; sutures oblique, very slightly. limbate, produced to form a slight translucent keel, sutures curved and oblique on the dorsal side, on the ventral side the supplementary chambers extending nearly to the periphery, forming rhomboid areas, sutures distinct and depressed; wall smooth, finely punctate and usually glistening, often somewhat roughened by lines of small granules near the aperture, which is an elongate, narrow slit, extending from the umbilical region about halfway to the periphery, and usually with a slight thin lip.
This is a rather common and 'characteristic West Indian species particularly in shallow water. It is one of those species that would be expected to be found rather commonly in the Chipola samples as the conditions in which they wei'e deposited must have been very close to those of the warm shallow waters of the West Indian region at the present time. It is very surprising, therefore, to have found only one specimen in the Chipola formation.
ASTERIGERINA MIOCENICA Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 14, figures 4a.-c
Test small, much compressed, nearly equally biconvex, periphery with a distinct, thin keel of clear shell material; six or seven chambers in the last-formed whorl, large, with the intermediate asterigerine chambers small; sutures not limbate nor depressed; wall rather coarsely perforate; aperture on the ventral side, small, midway between the umbilical area and the periphery along the ventral margin of the chamber.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16322) from the Oak Grove sand at Tanner's Mill (Old Senterfeit's Mill) 4 miles southwest of Laurel Hill, Okaloosa County.
This is a very small inconspicuous species, and has only occurred at the type station from which there are several specimens. It is a much smaller and a much more compressed species than the preceding.
Genus AMPHISTEGINA d'Orbigny, 1826
AMPHISTEGINA LESSONII" d'Orbigny
Plate 14, figures 5a-c
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 57, pl. 11, figs. 5a-c, 1930.)
Rather typical specimens of this species, which has previously been recorded from the upper Cancellw'ia zone of the Choctawhatchee, were found at two stations. They are large and well developed with a subacute periphery, and the test lenticular, often slightly more convex on one side than on the other. This is close to Recent material from the West Indies. There are rather fragmentary specimens from
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
two stations in the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee which are not' well enough preserved to be given any specific determination, but which in some respects resemble this species rather than the following.
AMPHISTEGINA FLORIDANA Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 14, figures 6, 7
Test fairly large, usually plano-convex or unequally biconvex, periphery subacute; chambers margined but without a keel, and in the adult the periphery becomes somewhat lobulated, on the dorsal side the chambers become distinctly evolute, with ten or more chambers in the final whorl, inflated; sutures distinct, in the early stages somewhat limbate, and on the dorsal side with a distinct angle toward or about at the inner third, in the adult becoming very much lessened or entirely a simple curve, on the ventral side with the intermediate chambers short and irregularly rhomboid, sutures strongly curved especially in the early portion, becoming more nearly straight in the adult; wall distinctly perforate, otherwise smooth except about the aperture which is papillate; aperture on the ventral side between the periphery and the umbilical region.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16323) from the upper zone of the Chipola formation, bed of Econfina Creek, Bryant Scott's farm, Sec. 28, T. 2 N., R. 12 W., Bay County.
This seems to be a very distinctive species, occurring only in the Oak Grove sand and at one station in the upper Chipola. It is very distinct from A. lessonii in the pronounced evolute character of the adult. The young stages show much less of this character, and the periphery is distinctly carinate in many of the young specimens, but in the adult this is lost and the evolute character becomes very pronounced.
AMPHISTEGINA CHIPOLENSIS Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 15, figures la-c
Test unequally biconvex, the ventral side strongly convex and r.rominently umbonate with a large clear boss, -periphery sharp and very distinct, carinate; three or more chambers in the adult, not inflated, in the adult becoming slightly evolute, the test very transparent so that all the chambers are visible to the interior through the clear test wall, from the ventral side the early chambers are also visible through the clear umbonate region when wet; sutures slightly limbate, those of the dorsal side with a slight angle toward the inner end, strongly curved, on the ventral side i'ather evenly and strongly. curved, the intermediate chambers more or less irregular in shape, pointed toward the outer end; wall distinctly perforate, smooth,
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
except about-the apertural end which is strongly papillate; aperture at the base of the ventral border of the last-formed chamber.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16325) from the typical Chipola formation, Tenmile Creek, mile below bridge on MariannaClarkesville road, 22 miles south of Marianna, Calhoun County.
This species which is the ancestral form of the preceding has a very distinct keel throughout its development. The intermediate chambers o n the ventrali side are miiuich less definiey rhomboid than in the preceding, and the test does not become so distinctly evolute.
These three species of Amplbistegina are characteristic, the first of the Cancellaria zone of the Choctawhatchee, the second of the Oak Grove and upper Chipola,. and the last species characteristic of the typical Chipola, being found at a majority of the stations in that formation.
Family CASSIDULINIDAE
Subfamily Ceratobulimininae
Genus PULVINULINELLA Cushman, 1926
PULVINULINELLA PONTONI Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 57, pl. 11, figs. 2a-c, 1930.)
This small but distinctive species which was previously described in -Bulletin 4 from the Area. and Ecphora zones of the Choctawhatchee has been found in our later collections. These have extended its range into all four zones of the Choctawhatchee, but it is most abundant in the Area zone with specimens also occurring ii the Card/ium and type beds of the Shoal River formation. No specimens have been found in either the Oak Grove or the ChipQla formations.
Subfamily Cassidulininae
Genus CASSIDULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 CASSIDULINA CRASSA d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 58, pl. 11, figs. 6a, b, 1930.)
This species was found as in the earlier report from the Cancellaria, Eephora and Area zones of the Choctawhatchee. No specimens have been found below the Area zone.
CASSIDULINA LAEVIGATA d'Orblgny, var. CARINATA Cushman (See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 58, pl. 11, figs. 7a,, b, 1930.)
The previous report recorded this from the three upper zones of the Choctawliatchee, and later material has shown it to be present also in the Yoldia zone of the Choctawhatchee as well as in all three zones of the Shoal River formation. No specimens were found in the Oak Grove or Chipola formations.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN NINE
CASSIDULINA CHIPOLENSIS Cushman and Ponton, n. sp.
Plate 15, figures 2a-o
Test minute, consisting of subglobular chambers, four pairs making up the last whorl, periphery strongly lobulated; chambers very distinct, inflated, in alternating pairs at each side of the axis of coiling extending over slightly onto the opposite side at the periphery; sutures deeply depressed, distinct; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture a definite elongate opening in the line of coiling.
Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 16326) from the Chipola formation, 1/2 mile below type locality on west bank of Chipola River at mouth of Senterfeit Branch, Calhoun County.
This species also occurs in the Chipola at Tenmile Creek. It is a very small, easily overlooked species, but very distinct in the character of its globular chambers.
Genus CASSIDULINOIDES Cushman, 1927
CASSIDULINOIDES BRADYI Cushman
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 58, pl. 11, figs. 8a, b, 1930.)
This species was previously recorded from the Arca zone of the Choctawhatchee formation in Bulletin 4. Our later material has shown it to be present also in-theEopkora zone, and there are typical specimens from the middle and typical zones of the Shoal River formation. There are no records for it in either the Oak Grove or Chipola formations which is not surprising as this is for the most part a species of deeper rather than shoal water.
Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE Subfamily Chilostomellinae
Genus CHILOSTOMELLA Reuss, 1850 CHILOSTOMELLA OOLINA Schwager
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 59, 1930.)
The single broken specimen from a station in the Area zone of the Choctawhatchee, as reported in Bulletin No. 4 is the only record of this species.
Family GLOBIGERINIDAE
Subfamily Globigerininae
Genus GLOBIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826
There are in some of the samples a considerable number of Globigerinidae which it seems wise to leave until a study of the type specimens can be made.
Genus GLOBIGERINOIDES Cushman, 1927
The preceding remarks apply to this genus also as far as the fossil representatives are concerned.
THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
Genus HASTIGERINA Wyville Thompson, 1876
HASTIGERINA PELAGICA (d'Orbigny)
Qiite a number of fragments which apparently belong to this spedies were found in samples from the Cancellaria zone to the Yoldfia zone of the Choctawhatchee but only two entire specimens were found, one from the Ecphwra zone at Darling Slide, Calhoun County, one from the Yoldia zone on the Chester Spence farm, Walton County.
It is interesting to note that this species ranges downward into the Miocene. The only other fossil record for it is apparently that of Schubert from the late Tertiary probably Pliocene of the Bismarck Archipelago in the Pacific.
Subfamily Orbulininae
Genus ORBULIN. d'Orbigny, 1826
ORBULINA UNIVERSA d'Orblgny
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 59, 1930.)
Specimens of this species are most common in the Arca and Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee but are represented in all the zones of the Florida Miocene.
Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE
Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927 GLOBOROTALIA MENARDII (d'Orbigny)
(See Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 4, p. 60, pl. 12, figs. la-c, 1930.)
Our recent studies of new material have shown this species to be present in all the zones from the lower Shoal River to the upper Choetawhatchee. No specimens have, however, occurred in either the Oak Grove or Chipola formations. This being a species of deep water or pelagic, it is not surprising to find it absent from these two formations which are represented for the most part by shoal water conditions.
Genus CYCLOLOCULINA Heron-Allen and Earland, 1908
CYCLOLOCULINA MIOCENICA Cushman and Ponton Plate 15; figures 3, 4
Cycloloou lita niiocenica Cushman and Ponton, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res., vol. 8, p. 3, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4, 1932.
Test circular, very much compressed, periphery rounded, the two sides either flattened or even slightly concave toward the center; early chambers subglobular, rapidly increasing in breadth as added until annular chambers are formed, after which chambers of this sort are continued throughout the development; sutures fairly distinct, very slightly depressed; wall very coarsely perforate, and
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