|
FLORIDA STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
HERMAN GUNTER, State Geologist
MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA
MIOCENE LAND MAMMALS FROM FLORIDA
BY GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON
NEW HETEROMYID RODENTS FROM THE MIOCENE
OF FLORIDA
BY ALBERT ELMER WOOD
APHELOPS FROM THE HAWTHORN FORMATION
OF FLORIDA
BY EDWIN H. COLBERT
Published for
THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
SA T T A l A HfF1 1019
55
PUBLISHED DECEMBER 30,
1932
~t3 to
t-: b
LETTER
TRANSMITTAL
Excellency,
Hon
Doyle
Carlt on,
Gov
ernor
Florida.
have
honor
submit
herewith
publication
as Bulletin
Florida
Geological
Survey
report
with
major
title
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
consisting
a series
three
papers
different
authors.
They
relate
to a
very important series of fossils found
by the
Florida
Geological
Survey at Midway,
in Gilchrist County
Gadsden
The
County
Tallaha
ssee,
Leon
County
and
last named locality is new and has already
yielded
Florida
greater
edge of
some
indeed
best
in any
Miocene
eastern State.
vertebrate
material
This locality will be
found
worked
detail for it gives promise of adding much more to our knowl-
extinct
mammals.
These
expense
papers
have
been
contributed
the Florida Geological
urvey
authors
other than
that of
without
prepar-
ng the
illustration
is a pleasure
acknowledge
generous
cooperation on
the part of The American Museum of Natural History
through
. George
Gaylord
Simpson,
Associate
Curator
Verte-
brate Paleontology
. It wa
through Dr
Simpson
that the two shorter
papers
Mr.
Colbert
and
Mr.
Albert
Elmer
Wood
were
arranged
Respectfully,
HERMAN GUNTER,
State
Tallahassee,
October
Geologist.
Florida
< dJ6f
*
*
f
*
*
*
*
CONTENTS
PAGE
Miocene Land Mammals from Florida
, by George Gaylord
Simpson,
(Figures
to 23)
New
Heteromyid Rodents from
Albert Elmer
Wood.
the Miocene of Florida
(Figures 24 to 29)
Aphelops from the Hawthorn Formation of Florida,
Edwin H.
Colbert.
(Figure 30)
ILLUSTRATION
PAGES
Cynodesmeus
Cynod
6, 7, 10, 12,13.
8,9,11.
esmus8
Amph&icyon
Parahippus
Merl/chippus
nobilias
Gcal (I u
a1
* 19
.* 21
leonenlsi
gunteri
S 21
,24,
22,
14, 15, 16, 17.
18, 19.
20, 21.
Archaeoh.ippus nanus
Anlchitheriumn
Oxydactylus
. 28, 29, 30
clarencci
floridanus
A, Blastomeryxr.
? Tanupolama
, FDromomeryx
mirifica
24, 25.
26-28.
Proh cteromys
florlidanus
Proheteromys magnus
Heteromyid,
et. sp.
indet.
. 29
Teeth of Aphelops sp. and left proximal phalanx
Oxydactylus
. 53
Figures
MIOCENE
LAND
MAMMALS
FROM FLORIDA
GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON
THE
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
NATURAL
HISTORY,
NEW
YORK,
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction
Geologic Occurrence
Correlation
Description
* 11
* . 1.
of. Species
Rodentia
Heteromyidle
S* 17
Carnivora
Canidre
Cynod
C8111smu
nobilis, new species
Cynodesmus cantavus,
Canids
new
species
indet
* . 17
10
S . 20s
Amphicyon sp.
Perissodactyla
. . 20
S. .. 21
Equidae!
Parahippus leoncnsis Sellards
Merychippus gunteri Simpson .
Archwohippus naus, new species
* a a . a 21
S. 21
. . 21
S28
Archlwohippus
Anchitherium
nanust
clarcncci
, new
species
Rhinocerotidre
Aphelops sp.
.31
. . 32
.. 34
. a a 34
Artiodactyla. . . . . . . . 34
Oreodontidie . . . 34
Camelidfe
Oxydactylus
floridanus,
new
species
* 4 35
cf. Miolabis sp. indet.
Camelid
Cervidre
. 37
S38
Blastomeryw
?Dromomeryx
marsh/i
Lull
amner'icanus
Douglass
38
. . 38
Cervid
indet.
Note on the Pleistocene
S . . 38
S. a : . . . . 39)
37
indet.
MIOCENE
LAND
MAMMALS
FROM FLORIDA
By GEORGE GAYLORD
SIMPSON
INTRODUCTION
a previous
known
of Miocene
paper1 I have
given
land mammals in
a revision c
Florida and
that
discussed
was
then
their
and
occurrence.
Five
localitie
were
then
listed
each
with
a small
fauna known
only
from
a few
isolated specimens,
most
part
doubtful
identification,
although
their
Miocene
and
general
character were established.
Renewed work by the Florida State Geological Survey now permits
a very substantial additional contribution and
reconsideration
problems
involved
Further
work
Midway
locality
resulted in
character
the discovery
those
many new specimens,
previously
found
there
much
adding
same
some
new
records, especially a series of tiny rodents2 and additions to the known
carnivores and ungulates.
Most important is the discovery by
Clar-
ence Simpson of a new Miocene locality, here referred to a
the Thoma
Farm,
from
which
came
specimens
incomparably
better
than
any
others yet found in
the Miocene of
any
eastern
State.
This
locality
has been worked at intervals during the past year,
especially by G. M.
Ponton and J
Clarence Simpson.
The resulting collection was placed
in my
series
History
hands
duplicates
study
Herman
presented
The drawings
in thi
Gunter,
State
American
paper
Geologist,
Museum
Mrs.
Mildred
and
Natural
Clemans.
GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCE
The
came
south
specimen
from
previously
pit's
town
known
Fuller
Midway
Very
from
Earth
few
Midway,
Company
were
Gadsden
County,
one-half
in place,
mile
wad
determined
that most or all
came from
immediately
above
upper
two
beds
commercial
fullers
earth.
The
new
specimens
from
two
sandy
beds.
Quincy
the same
stratum
The
(the
locality
just
from
below
connection
Floridin
between
Company)
a horizon
upper
these
fuller
beds
cannot
few
earth
Midway
traced
feet
lower,
between
and
those
continuously
but
.in all
they
seem
probability,
correspond
from
and
new
exactly the same
specimens
horizon
as those
therefore,
previously
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
fuller
earth
show
no observable distinctions
and
is evident
that
the apparent unconformity below this sandy stratum i
and
a local feature
does not represent a determinable time gap.
Data
regarding
Thomas
Farm
locality
been
upplied
Ponton
house on
Assistant
State
Geologist.
what is known as Thomas
The
locality
old farm, is in
near
Gilchrist
an old
County
about
miles
west
High
Springs.
The
bones
come
from
shallow circular depression about two
hundred fifty feet in diameter,
lowest
point,
somewhat
eccentric
about
fifteen
feet
below
level
on which
stands
old house.
After the discovery
surface
specimens, a deep elongate pit wa
dug and
much additional material
found.
urely
The enlargement
disclose
more
this pit,
specimens
and
in suitably
is much
dry weather,
)e desired bu
would
must
await further opportunity
The section
encountered
was as
follows
Surface.
sandy
loam.
-18"
sticky brown
clay with
occasional random
bones
, poorly
preserved.
-24"
mixture
clay
and
limestone
with
many
limestone
pebbles
to 4"
in diameter.
Many
random
bones,
poorly
preserved.
bone
tratum in friable limestone matrix-the best preserved
bones.
friable
estone
without
bones.
bone
stratum
but some good
in friable
material.
limestone
matrix-bones
crushed
friable
limestone
without
bones.
bone
stratum
poorly
preserved
recovery
friable
limestone
without
bones.
Beds
contain
occasional
limestone
pebble
diameter
beds have
been subjected
to slumping and
slipping
and
mnna
rnnm
hair
alvn
oan ie
Inoal
m onlpm pnt
Pdri
L. l.L t J--'$L'* tJ ,tIL Ut t. *t_ A.IJ tv t4. ** JVja&/L La L tr L A tiL
9 all
4
I; 1Ikl Il ll s
I
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
There
two
possibilities in
interpretation
these
facts.
is possible
that there
was
once here a
section
threee
marine forma.-
tion
: Hawthorn
, Tampa
and
Ocala
and
that
subsequent
erosion
and solution
have destroyed
Hawthorn
as s
and
concentrated
fossils,
together with
residual
Tampa and
Ocala
in this
sink-hole.
The other interpretation i
that the sink-hole
or a
similar anteeessor
was
bone
and
active
strata
Ocala
buried.
in Hawthorn
were
time
formed
material
and
hole
which
Data
coveredC
being
ed with
contemporary
numerous
enou
land
residual
mammal
decision
when
Tampa
were
from
delicacy
tration
animals
and
in definite
relative
strata
Hawthorn
completeness
and
age"
absence
latter
remains,
E marine
hypothesi
now
their
concen-
or estuarine
seems
more
probable).'
The apparent purity of the fauna agrees with the evidence
against
much
transportation
in suggesting
that
this
is an original
deposit of the a
of the youngest fauna
(that of
land mammal
and
one
subsequently
reworked
or concentrated.
AGE AND CORRELATION
In my previous
revision
(1930,
cit.)
it was tentatively concluded
that the Miocene fauna
one Lower
Miocene
then
, perhaps
known
from
about Lower
Florida
Harrison
were
two ages,
the other
Middle
Miocene
Griscom
latter b
Quincy.
about
Sheep
Plantation
those
view is
and
the
Creek.
The
Franklin
Cummer
first
Phospha
Lumber
was
represented
Company
Company
faunas
Midway,
now to be somewhat modified in detail
the
and
although
confirmed in essentials.
The time interval covered by the best known
launa
that of Thoma
probably
than
s Farm
Lower
(not
then known)
Harrison
through
and
Sheep
that of Midway
Creek.
The
Cummer
Lumber
Company
locality
furnished
only
specimen
ignored.
from
Merychippmu
The
Midway
unknown
Quincy fauna is identical
so that whatever
is said
exact
with and
origin
and
less rich
latter
may
than
applie
that
both.
a well
at Tallaha
-nIoanrhoA hn
ssee
were
found Aphelops sp.
tha nioonrnannvino' nontp
.V I 1 *.
and
,inlhmrt
Oxydactylus
flnnarpntlv
L. .
I
I
I
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
Franklin
Phosphate
Company
Griscom
Plantation
Thomas
Midway
Farm
RODENTIA
Heteromyidre
Proheteromiys
Proheteromys
magnus
floridan us
CARNIVORA
Canidie
?TemnoeUyon
- ?Cynodearnus iamlonenflsis
Cynodesmus ltobllis
Cynodesmuss
?Tomrarctus
Amphicyon
?Am phicyon
aor ? odesvus
or 7Cynodesmnus
pontonf
sp.
PERISSODACTYLA
Equidie
Parahippus leonensis
Parahippus o0
Archwohlippus
Arch wohippus
Meryehippus
Anchitheriumn
Rhinocerotidie
?Aphelops
?Ownopus
r Archweohippus
noanus
ef. nanus
guntori
clarentce
or Diceratherium
ARTIODACTYLA
Entelodontidfe
Dinohyus
Oreodontidae
Gen.
indet.
Camelidae
ctylus1
Oxydactylus
ef. Miolabis
Camelids indet.
Cervidse
Blastomerywv cf
floridan us
?floridanus
sp.
ma8rshi
?Blastomeryx
?Dromomeryr cf.
am n ericanu 18
-'6 a a t
Oxayda
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
definitely
differ
as to
species.
might
about
equivalent
Griscom
necessarily
Plantation
vague
and
Thomas
personal
Farm
localities
impression)
(and
might
rather
older.
The
other
three
faunas
while
without
any
one
species
common
to all
three
, clearly
cover a fairly
limited span.
Griscom
Plantation
and
Thomas
Farm
have
Parahippus
leonensis
and
probably
also
Oxydactylus
floridainus
in common
and
?Cynodesrnus
iafonetsWis
rather
species.
that
close
The
from
two
Thomas
faunas a
Griscom
Farm
dogs,
probably
Plantation
although
about eq
very
poorly
clearly
luivalent,
known.
a distinct
although
Thomas
Farm and Midway have,
beyond much doubt,
one species in common
Anchitheriwum
clarencei,
and
there
is a general
imunpression
that
they
are of
about the same age.
But not exactly so, for where one would
expect correspondence
dogs
from
other
Midway
respects
same
is not
as those
exact.
from
The
Thomas
known
Farm.
Archceohippu
occurs
both,
that
from
Midway
appears
differ
from
related
Thoma
Farm
species.
The
camels
and
cervids,
while
poorly
known
, are clearly not
the same species
on the
basis
known
Parahippu s
absence
relative
specimens.
leonensis
Midway where
whole
Most
important
n abundance
Merychippus
fauna.
occurrence
Thomas
g uwteri
discussed
Farm
is equally
below,
these
and
abundant
species,
although referred to different genera, appear really to be very closely
allied and may even be immediately ancestral and descendant.
The
most
probable
tentative
conclusion
that
Thomas
Farm
and Midway faunas are
nearly
contemporaneous,
that
from
Midway
being
slightly
later.
Comparing with
western sequence,
rodents are
of Miocene,
perhaps Lower
Miocene
aspect,
but not
exactly
correlated.
Among carnivores,
Farm compare with I
Cynodesmus nobilis and C. canc
iower Miocene species from the
wits from Thomas
West and belong
to a genus probably exclusively
Lower
Miocene.
Amphicyon
pontoni
from
Midway,
as previously
shown
seems
most comparable
lower
Middle
Miocnene
forms
from
West.
- ~- --- y- -1 - -- --
~r*-- yV-
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
theriurm clarencei is comparable to and in some respects intermediate
between Lower
and Middle Miocene
western
species.
Aphelops sp. from the Tallahassee well is of Middle Miocene aspect.
Oxydactylus
floridanus
belongs
a Lower
Miocene
group,
so far
as it
affinities can now be read, and appears to
be a rather advanced
member
that
group.
The
Midway
camels
seem
somewhat
more
progressive,
although
evidence
is very
poor
and
this
may
be illusory.
The
either
Midway
Lower or
cervids,
Middle
identified
Miocene in
only
in a
tentative
way,
could
age.
Both fauna
have affinities
with
both Lower
and
Middle
Miocene,
that
that
these
Thoma
from
two
Midway
faunas,
Farm
with
toward
and
also
perhaps
Middle.
other
a leaning
The
toward
evidence
well
known
Lower,
suggests
faunas
that
from
Florida
Miocene,
cover
transition
from
Lower
Middle
Miocene, perhaps roughly between the Upper
Harrison and the Lower
Sheep
Creek.
The
marine
evidence
is in accord
with
this
view
Tampa
early
Lower
distinctly
Limestone
Miocene
Miocene
older
than
these
Hawthorn,
and
faunas,
equivalent
a somewhat
extensive
well
last
faunas
ill-defined
range
in the
tawhatchee
lower
and
apparently
middle
later
part
than
that
land
epoch
faunas
while
covers
Choc-
a consid-
erable
range
in the later
Miocene.
The
general
faun
relations
between
Florida
and
western
stat
Nebraska
example,
Miocene
now
still
more
clearly
one.
shown.
t show;
The
Florida fauna
no especial
is a
relations
continental North
any
other
American
region
is it
insular
or otherwise
strikingly
peculiar
in character,
is made
the same general
elements in
about
same
proportions
as a
normal
western
plains
Miocene
fauna.
no distinctive
genus
(except Proheteromys)
has been discovered in it.
When good material
been
found
, however,
species
have
so far
proven
dif-
ferent from
any
known
west of
Mississippi.
short
Nebraska
and
Florida
then
were
in the
same
faunal
realm
and
region.
The
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
DESCRIPTIONS
SPECIES
RODENTIA
Heteromyidte
A number of teeth and isolated bones of heteromyid
were recovered
. Clarence
been examined by
Simpson
from
Albert Elmer
matrix
Wood,
from
Midway.
These
have
who is publishing descriptions
of them in this Bulletin.
He has provided the following
identification
Proheteronmys
* magnus
Wood,
Wood,
new genus.
new species.
florida.nus,
Wood,
new
species.
Rodent
are not otherwise represented in
the known
pre-Pleistocene
fauna
Florida.
CARNIVORA
Canide
CYNODESMUS
NOBILIS,
new spec
TYPE.--F
V-5255
left
lower
jaw with P3-M.
rs. V-5255
-----_____.-
-~
-a^
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
(left) .--ynodesmus
nobilis, new species. Paratype.
Right
external
crown views. Two-I
ural size.
Fig.3 (right).--C
nobilis, new species.
F. S.
V-5259.
thirds
and
nat-
ynodesmntus
Paratype.
Right M1-
M2. external and crown views.
Two-thirds
natural
size.
HORIZON
AND
LOCALITY.-Hawthorn
Formation
Miocene.
Thomas
Farm,
Gilchrist
County, Florida
DIAGNOSIS
s.--A
relatively
large
Cyowdesmus
with
small
lower
pre-
molars and large Mk2.
Lower molar heels large and
well
basined.
Jaw
slender.
-2 strongly
little
transverse
oblique,
talon
, hypocone
small
a definite
, closely
basin
appressed.
, projecting
sharply posterointernally,
cingulum
continuous
a ,*
around
base
protocone.
Metaconule
relatively
siniall
and
much
displaced
internally,
parastyle small.
This interesting species is clearly a
true canine in
the Cynodioti
Cynodesms-Tonmarctus
line.
The
degree
evolution
seems
correspond with
. little
Cynodesmzzs most closely
displaced
metaconule
and
It still has the transverse
other
features
Cynodictis,
more
anteroposterior
carnassial
shear
and
some
other
advanced
.species,
genus,
characters
it appears to
but
that
species
Tomarctus.
be closest to
is over
the heels of M'-' less strong and
less
Among
Cynodesm s
smaller
oblique,
previously
thobides,
and
less
heel
described
type
transverse,
distinctly
basined.
brachypucs is
about
same size,
lower premolars are relatively larger, M2
relatively smaller, -the molar
heels smaller and
narrower.
JA..'.V
iaw
'. A.'J
mner-the
inner
earnassial
FS. V-5256
I l
P'-M1
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
This- species
closely
resembles
"Mesocyou
Sellards
from
Griscom Plantation.
however
types and
paratypes
. nobilis
correctly
associated,
as seems
reasonably
certain,
the species are distinct.
Even the smallest specimens of C
nobilis are
larger than
more
oblique,
nally.
internally
hypocon,
It seeing
type
and
basin
probable,
2 is very
stronger
and
however,
The
talon
, relatively
projecting
that
Sellards'
more p
species
projects
larger,
more
osterointer-
belongs
Cynodesmus and not in Mesocyonu
where
he tentatively placed it.
there
eight
specimen
almost
surely
referable
this
species,
extreme
beyond
and
they
show
some
the structure
that
usual
variation
is nearly
in a single
in size
identical
carnivore
about
and
species.
variation
view
their
being
derived from a single
locality and
of the structural
agreement,
this cannot be taken as of taxonomic value.
MEASUREMENTS
Type,
V-5255
P, I Pi( MI M
L W LI W L W L W
9.5 5 12 6.5 19.5 8.5 10 6
P' M' |I"
LW I W L W
V-5256 18.5 11 12.5 16 .............. ..............
V-5259 .............. ..... 13.5 17 8.5 12.5
CYNODESMIUS
CANAVUS,
new
.species
TYPE.-F.
G. S.
V-5260, right lower jaw with
and P,-M1.
rS. V-5260
.tAh.L.
tamonenszs.
different
^ ^::::-* *-rz=^
iamoneitsis
"M."
IaIII .IBBB
L a~m
E %14
f B111
*IV
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY--BULILETIN
TEN
HORIZON
AND
LOCALITY.-Hawthorn
Formation
Miocene.
Thomas
Farm,
Gilchrist
County
Florida.
DIAGNOSIS.-A
Cynodesnbles
medium
size
about
large
thodides.
nid nearly
Lower molar heels well basined
equal.
not so
long
and
, hypoconid and entoco-
narrow
as 111
thoilide
relatively
large.
This
species
is closely
similar
. nob iii
structure
difference
in size
, nearly
typical
specimens
and
over
the closest variant
, is too great for reference
the same species.
differs
larger
from
relatively
genotype,
smaller,
. thodides
shorter
and
chiefly
wider ]
in the
and
relatively
Relatively
smaller hypoconid on Mi.
Resemblance
to other known species is not
so close.
brackyp s
is about the same size
Mi and
premolars are all
much
larger
minor is
mailer throughout.
thonmsoni
slightly
smaller
and
larger
wider
molar
heels
and
more crowded
premolars.
MEASUREMENTS
Typlie,
V-5200
( i, jPa PI M,I I _
7L W L3 W .L W I W |
7 3.5 10 5 16 7 | 0
CANIDS
NDET.
Two
specimen
from
Midway
how
that
mall
and
more
normal
canids were present there, in addition to Amphicyon pontoni, but are
inadequate
any
determination.
V-5083
is a P4
closely
agreeing
with
that of
Tomarctus optatus and
may
represent a species
that
genus or of Cynodesmus,
smaller than C
ca.na)vus.
The other specimen,
also
an. isolated
premolar,
is not
even
rou
ghly
determinable.
AMPHICYON
A large
Thoma
canid
Farm.
is represented
.S.
three
isolated
V-5258
specimen
from
trigonid
quadrate
with
long
outer
lope,
blunt
cusps,
metaconid
smaller
than
nrotoeonid.
naraeonuid
vestigial
ntrl
U ., LI J U -- *- UA A J t
submedian.
From
. L A.1A
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORII)A
distinctly
cuspule.
cuspidate,
The length i
large
posterior
19.5 mm.
cusp
A large,
and
smal
flattened
posterior
basal
canid astragalu
with
broad
, shallow trochlea may
also
belon
this
pecles.
g. 5.-Amphicyon
F5. V-5258
V-5258
view.
, trigonid
F. S.
right lower jaw with P
sp.
right
crown
V-5257, fragment of
internal
view.
Two-thirds
naturalI
size;
On these fragmentary specimen
further discussion
is not profitable,
on comparison
with
no exact agreement and
other
the sp
known
Miocene
canid
ecies is probably new
have
althou
found
name
must await
further d
iscoveries.
'PERT
SSODACTYLA
Equidae
The
new
equid
material
greatly
alters
and
add
previous
idea
Miocene
horses
Florida
first
place,
reveals
new
species,,
An ch itherium
clarenczci
and
A rchwohippus
nanus,
members
tively
rare
aberrant
in North
phyla
hitherto
America.
unknown
second
in Florida
place,
add
and
rela
much
knowledge
specie
Para hippus
leonensis
Sellards
and
ryclhippus gu.nteri Simpson
and shows that
these species,
although
referred
with
development,
considerable
actually
reason
closely
to different
related
and
nnera
even
their typical
seemC
grade
into one another
in their
variants.
PARAHIPPUS LEONENSIS
MERYCHIPPUS GUNTERI
Sellards
Simpson
INCIPAL
NEW
SPECIMENS
Parahippu
leone
from
Thomas Farm
somewhat
V-5217,
broken.
palate
with
right
P'-M3
- Paralhippus
*r I-s W FA
*
I
P'-M"
T
I~ .\
-n v
C
JA3,*I
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
-
TEN
FS V-5244
7.--Parahippus leonensis Sellards.
Left lower jaw, external view and
crown
view
of teeth.
One-half
natural
size.
Merychippu
gunteri, from
V-4959. left 2
Midway
[2-3
V-4960, left P2-
V-4962,
V-4979,
V-4965,
left Pa
-M1.
right dm'-.
right dma-<.
There
Some
are
exactly with
numerous other
isolated
type of
teeth
specimens
from
from
both
Thoma
leonensis
localities.
Farm
Sellards
agree
and
almost
there
F3 V-4959
ES. V-4962 I
5
K-
Parahippus
M
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
no reasonable doubt that
various
ways,
they
when
belong
Whole
that species.
series
Others
is considered,
differ
seems
clear that no specific distinctions can
be made.
other
hand
certain
specimen
from
Midway
obviously
of the species Merychippus
gunte ri.
Here
, too,
there is some varia-
tion
, but there is no evidence that more than one species is represented.
Contrasting the
two
Thomas Farm
and
Midway,
they
appear
first
glance
or on comparing
extreme
variants
in each
case,
belong to a single species, in
spite of the obvious differences
between
the types of P. I
onemsis and M
gzcnteri.
The
size,
although slightly
variable
in both
covers
about the
same
range,
and
each
locality
there
reference
when
specimens,
and
two
closely
sets
marginal
resemble
compared
sern
those
that
from
as a. whole
other
and
doubtful
locality
their
Yet
measurable
character
distinct.
contrasted
statistically,
becomes
clear
that
they
are
The chief
contrasting characters are as follows
Height
Crown
Measurements
on all
unworn
or little
worn
teeth
give
higher
figure
Midway
specimens
than
any
those from
Thoma
Farm.
The difference
may
as little as
not always
Amount
variable
although
detected
Cement
in this
The
respect.
averaging somewhat
on deeply
Thomas
Some
worn
Farm
have
more
and
can-
teeth.
specimens
little or
no cement,
highly
most
have a thin
coating, and a few have as much as
the less coated
Midway
specimens.
fully
formed
Midway
specimens
have
than
cement
those
and
from
on tlie
Thoma
average
they
have
definitely
more
Farm.
Metaconid-metastylid
The
series
overlaps,
whole
the expansion and separation are more definite on the Midway
than
on the
Thomas
Farm
specimens.
Union
crests on
upper
cheek teeth
pecimens
from
Thomas Farm
the hypostyle and metaloph
crochet
and
proto-
S-1
1 1
^ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r -. *n *A n -* '*A ^J -kh^*h j- J-^ !- h* YM flr J-k J- **l /V J- /^ W\ /^f W n *^r- *-
_ .-I
Li
n
.1
I
I-~I. ,,, ,I
24 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN
while the fossette walls are generally rather simple. Most of
the specimens from Midway have a distinct but simple pli
caballin in the middle wear stages, and the fossette walls tend
to be more complicated.
Fig. 10.-Parahip-
puxs leonensia Sellards.
Right dinm-, M,-2,
crown view. Two-
thirds natural size.
The species are, then, distinct in spite of their tendency to inter-
grade. The series are too small to give very smooth frequency
curves, but in these distinctive characters, and possibly some others,
the maxima are distinct and only the edges of the curves overlap.
These differences, here perceptible
with difficulty, are exactly those that
serve, in their full development, to sep-
arate the genera Parahippus and Mery-
chippus. At first sight it seems absurd
to refer to distinct genera specimens
2 that can hardly be distinguished speci-
Sfically, yet this must be done or the
genera in question must be redefined.
If evolution is an essentially contin-
uous process, and this instance adds to
the many facts suggesting that this is
normally the case, then such occur-
rences are inevitable. The dividing line
Fig. 11- Merychippus gun-
teri Simpson F. S. G. S. V-4965. between successive genera is not drawn
Right dm,-., and F. S. G. S. V- at a natural break but at a gap in
4979, right dmn'-', crown views.
Two-thirds natural size. knowledge. If this gap be filled, then
there must be a point where barely dis-
tinguishable species belong to different genera of the established
system. This should not serve as a basis for uniting the genera,
if they are well distinguished in their more median species, as such
a practice would clearly lead to chaos and innumerable absurdi-
ties as knowledge became more and more complete. To establish
a third genus for the marginal species of both is still less to be
advocated, as it simply doubles the problem and solves nothing.
Nor, if the original genera are 6n the whole of comparable scope
and without marked breaks within themselves, is it advisable to
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
redefine
elude
- thi
fer t]
either
so as to
marginal
species
would simply trans-
difficulty
other
species.
The
t
its
an
and
species
typical for
advanced
leone
clearly
ParaJhippus,
similarly
primitive Merychippus. If
I have correctly interpreted
the facts
rather
and p
presented
full
artial
gradation
is also a
these
series
dentitions
between
radiation
This
teeth
, the
Stwo
between
two genera and in all
probability this is an actual
example
genus
the
from
rise
another
through closely similar, va-
riable, immediately success-
ive or even
poraneous
partly
species.
contem-
Skulls
and
skeletons
might
make
distinction
more
vio0lS
and
perhaps
show
this conclusion to be erron-
eous, but it seems the most
reasonable view at present.
The milk
chippu
above,
teeth
gunteri,
very
permanent teeth
Mecry-
listed
interesting
'-7 -A
--Para Ihipp u.s
(leoui ensis
Right tibia, and most of right tarsus,
views.
natural
this
the extreme
Bones
associated.
Sellards.
anterior
One-half
size.
connection.
form of P.
They
leonensiss
differ
chiflfv
from
h.in
- -~.I aI---
gunteri
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
teeth of P.
still simpler,
er. median e
smaller,
lum
leone.nsis
crowns
xternal
external
stronger
and
are
low-
style
cingu-
more
continuous.
The
hind
feet
leonensis, as shown by nu-
merous
seem
the
isolated
have
had
proportions
referred
avus
is, n
short
bones,
about
those
(doubtfully)
Osborn.,
metatarsal
and
stout
that
relatively
, phalan-
ges and ungues moderate-
elongate,
seems
slender.
foot
teri
have
Too
been
little
material
is available
comparison, 1
apparently
but
res
those
tibia
more
good
gun-
close
its limbs
Assembled
leonensis
closely.
Among western species,
P leonensis seems most to
resemble
The
159
ribs
size
brievid
ens.
about
smaller
usually n
external
lore
promi-
13.-Parahippus
Most
pes, i
terror
metatarsus
internal
view
view
leone1tsis
phalanges
of central
Bones
digit
Sellards.
'of o
and
right
an.-
not associated.
nent,
hoid,
hypocone
and
less
lop-
there are other
minor and variable differ-
._ ..,
-_A-,- -
annnaa
10 Cfl
* wn n s n n *ratni caru tl t l* j A^- *1 I rI Efl N. KNr Zf 1-n r
*
7l4^?414jd7^ M
r
I
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
of Osborn, M. isonesus primus of Matthew)
western
specimens
equal,
species.
The
although
upper
size
some
cheek
averages
referred
teeth
smaller,
among adequately known
about
specimens
more
10%
two
transverse
typical
nearly
caballin
more often present, and the fossette walls tend
to greater complexity.
The difference is, however, less than I
previously supposed and
were
the species from
the same or nearby
localities and surely
of the same
age,
they
could
separated
only
basis
large
series,
leaving many specimens of
doubtful
reference.
Parahippus
Meryckippus,
transitional
brevidens
and
from
is a
very
Merychippus
Parahippits.
advanced
w2Thsf4S
Osborn
species,
very
already
transitional
primitive
suggested
species
that
these two western species show the change
between
these
two genera,
as the
Florida species do
even
more
closely'.
MEASUREMENTS
Parahippus
leonensis
F. S.
V-5216 Ps-M,
: 65 mm.
L W L W L, W L W L W
V-5216 16.5 13 16 13.5 15.5 12 16 11.5
V-5215 15.5 12.5 15.5 12.5 14 11.5 14.5 11 18.5 9
V-5244 16 13 16 13 15 12 15 11.5 20 10
F. S. G. S. V-5217 (deeply worn) P'-aM : 93 mum.
| P' P3 P' j M' | M | M3
L W L WL WL WL WL W
V-5217 19 17.5 16.5 20 17 20 14 19 14.5 19 14.5 18
Meryclippus gunteri
F. S. G. S. V-4962 P-M2 : 66 nnmm.
| P P, P M, M,.
L W L W L W L W L W
V-4962 .......... .......... 17 12 17 2.5 16 11.5 17 11
V-4960 18 10.5 16.5 11 16 12 17 11.5 ....................
I M2 | M8
L L W
V-4959 14.5 20 14.5 I 18.5
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
ARCHAEOHIPPUS
NANUS,
new
species
TYPE.-F
V-5254, right P'-M3
'. I. It *
I I I I *
I. I l j
I \
/I
C- ---y- ----1
L--^.^^.-^
V'5254
-- -- - -
14.--Archl wohipp its
teeth
external
crown
11nanCuis,
views.
new
species.
Natural
Type.
Right
upper
check
size.
PARATYPE.-F
-5252
left lower
jaw
2-Mn.
FS. V-5252 -
4
*
-
>7
F,
/
L7
MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA
Fig. 16.-Archweohippus nanus, new species. Partial lower jaw with dm3-4
Mi, crown view. Natural size.
KNOWN DISTRIBUTION.-Hawthorn Formation, Miocene. Thomas
Farm, Gilchrist County, Florida. Possibly also at Midway, see
below.
DIAGNOSIS.-An Archaohippus about 10% smaller than A. ultimus.
Slightly lower crowned than that species or A. penultimus. P'
relatively large, M' reduced. M' subtriangular, hypocone small
and not fully internal. Lower grinders generally with external
and internal cingula. Feet (referred) Parahippws-like, meta-
podials relatively long and slender.
This elegant and distinctive little horse is one of the most surprising
and welcome of the new discoveries. Its chief phyletic characters
are:
Size very small.
Brachyodont, no cement.
Crochet and secondary folds absent.
Fully lophiodont, but protocone and protoconule semi-distinct.
Metaloph and ectoloph continuous, protoloph partly separate.
Hypostyle moderate, with some tendency to unite with metaloph
but often separate.
Metastylids and metaconids separate only at extreme tip.
Heel of M3 very small, but not looped.
These characters clearly place the species in the rare and poorly
known Archeohippus phylum, although it is easily distinguished from
the other known species of that genus. Although an independent
line, these small, conservative horses paralleled Anchitherium in the
more striking dental characters and their teeth seem to a certain
extent a miniature edition of those of the contemporary anchitheriines.
There are some limb bones from the same locality which probably
belong to this species, from their small size and distinctive characters.
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
The
general
development
of the articulations
median inetapodials
in Parachipptus
lative
size
metapodials
as in
that
metartarsals
form fac
barely
metapodi
long
metatarsal
pus
of
' is
gem
and
the
also
5s.
lateral
about
an entocunei-
,et
absent
suggested.
The
and phalange
and
slender,
as in
Padhraip-
and
more
slender than in most species
that
genus.
The
meta-
carpals preserved are fully
as slender (relatively) as in
Anchitherium
The
metatarsals,
agatense.
doubtless
of different individuals, are
slightly less slender than in
"Kal obatippu s.
These
agree
foot
well
minutive size,
Fig. 17.-Arclhrohippus nanus, new species.
1. S.
G. S.
Second and
form
Most of right hind foot.
ectocunei-
third metatarsals and
associated
One-half
natural
other
size.
bones not associated.
tatarsal
Canyon
from
beds
bone
, except
with
the me-
Martin
referred
Archohokippus by
(Bull.
Amer.
Matthew
Mus.
Nat.
Hist
, p. 128,
1924),
ing considerably
larger, much more slender,
compressed fore-and-
and
without distinct entocuneiform facet.
The
reference
present
specimens
Archaohippnus
much
more
sure
than
specimen mentioned
Matthew.
pristinaus
V-5249.
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
on the whole the most primitive known species,
but that it is a direct
ancestor
characters,
indeed,
general
is unlikely
perhaps
a single
and
because
reduction
including the slender
phylum
in the
in particular,
feet.
strictest
of M's and
The
sense.
parallels
some
genus
The
other
may
group
American
anchi
there but it must include at least one line of
descent independent of
latter save
through
common
ancestry in
late
Oligocene.
relationship
Parahippus is very close and it may
even
be a
partly
artificial
assemblage
dwarfed
and
unprogressive
species
that
genus.
MEASUREMENTS
Type.--F
S. G. S.
V-5254-
: 71.5 mm.
P'-M'
: 65
mm.
P2 I P" I MI | A
L W L WIL |W L |W
12.5 | 11.5 I 11.5 14 11 14 I10 j 12.5
(P'-M' are broken on the outer edge. Lengths on ectoloph, widths maxim.)
F. S. G. S. V-5252-
P,-M, : 67 mm.
P2 | P | I P| Mi, | M, M,
L WLWL WLWLWL W
11 6.5 11 | 7.5 11.5 8.5 11.5 8.5 11 8 11.5 7
(Widths on talonid P-,, annd trigonid, M,-,.)
F. S. G; S. V-5253--
dm, | dm, I M,
,L WL WIL Wj
_______11.5 8 12 8 11.5 8_______
(dm, on
talonid
, dm4-M1
on trigonids.)
ARCH/EOHIPPUS
NANUS
Three teeth
V-5017
a species apparently related
to A.
,5031; 5032)
from
nanus.
Midway indicate
Sis slightly smaller,
anus S
. P'-M
I
I
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
ANCHITHERIUM
CLARENCEI.0 new
species
TYPE.-F.
V-5074
, right
M'-'_
Midway.
PRINCIPAL REFERRED SPECIMENS.-F.
V-5243
2-MNl.
, right'
lower
jaw
with
Thomas Farm.
F.S. V-5074 2
S. V-5101
left Pa-Mt
broken.
Midway.
-4981
KNOWN
left M2.
Midway
DISTRIBUTION.-IHawthorn
mation, Miocene.
christ County, al
Thomas Farm
nd Midway
For-
Gil-
Gadsden
Fig.
clarenec
Right M'-3
views.
Anclhitheri-u im
new
species.
Type.
external and crown
Two-thirds
natural
size.
County
DIAGNOSIS.
Florida.
-An
about the size of A.
molars subquadrate,
anchitheriine
agatense.
horse
Upper
little transverse.
reduced
fully
triangular.
Proto-and
metalophs
strongly
crested, sinuous.
Molar hypostyles triangular,
singular
pitted,
united
by crest to hypocone.
Faint vestigial
external ribs on
upper molars.
internal
cingula.
Fig. 19.-Anechithicrium clarencci, new species. Right lower jaw, internal
View of
teeth.
One-half natural
size.
view and crown
MIOCENE
FROM
FLORIDA
The
marked
possible
generic
* being taken
or phyletic
from
referred
characters
lower
teeth
as follows
those
only
Size
large.
Brachyodont
somewhat
Protoloph and
no cement.
reduced.
metaloph
distinct
conules
lophoid.
Metaloph
united
to ectoloph,
protoloph
free or imperfectly
united.
No crochet or other secondary
folds.
IHypostyle
free
cingulum,
relatively
little advanced.
upper
internal
cingula.
Faint
vestigial
external
ribs on
upper molars.
*No
internal
cingula
*Metaconid-metast
distinct
external
cingula
olumn little expanded,
on lower
molars.
cusps almost connate.
These characters
place
it at once as
in the anchitheriine
line
and,
in the American fauna
, closest either to Kalobatippus or to the earlier
and
more
primitive
species
Hypohippus.
is very
difficult
draw a good generic distinction
either
and
European
between
genus
these two groups,
Anckitherium. .
or between
Romer
advocated
this
including Kalobatippls in
is done
more
primitive
Anchitheriumn,
IHypohippu
and
group,
probably
equiluts,
pertinax,
genotype)
and H
osborni should also
nevadensis,
and
be placed there.
mat thewi
more
affnis
(the
advanced
distinctive.
Resemblance of the present species is with "Kalobatipp us"
agatensli
on one
other
tion
hand,
From
reduction
"Hypohip pus
first
of M3
named
3. less
equinus,
species
triangular
and
osbornif'
t differs
distinctive
pertilnaz
tooth
on the
propor-
hypostyle,
and
other minor characters.
The size is smaller than in any of the specie
commonly
external
referred
ribs,
Hypohippws,
somewhat
and
transverse
presence
and
very
fairly
faint
complete
hypostyle-hypocone
crest
also
distinctive.
Morphologically
species
seems
about
intermediate
between
Lower
Miocene
"Kalobatippus"
and
Middle
Miocene
"Hypohippu
could
/nolltT imanll hVa llfnafll ;n aitlhor nA4 'lhoon fnnmlAlr
rliffprahnltntPrl 'rrflnlfQ
LJ
VERTEBRATES
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
MEASUREMENTS
Type, F
S. G. 8.
V-5074-
---'--I | M 2 | MI
L W L W L W
21 23 21 124.5 17 21.5
(Lengths on ectoloph, widths maxima.)
F. S. G. S. V-5243-
P,-Ms : 120.5 mm.
I IP P, I P. I M, I B, I M
SL W L W L W LIL L
20 11.5 19.5 14 20.5 14.5 22 14.5 20.5j 13.5 23 11.5
(Widths are max
, posterior lobe on P
a -4 anterior on M-s.)
Rhinocerotidae
of. APHELOPS sa
A rhinoceros of intermediate size and fairly high crown comparable
an early
"Aph.elops
previously
reported
Midway
and
Quincy faunas.
represented by
a single
fragment
(V-5082)
new
collection
from
Midway,
adding
nothing
our
knowledge.
Rhinoceroses are as yet unrepresented in
From
a stratum
nearly
or quite
Thoma
equivalent
Farm
fossil
material.
levels
Midway and
Quincy come the
rhinoceros teeth
described
as Aphelops
in the accompanying note by
form a
Cdlbert.
that previously recognized by me as of.
I is probably
Aphelops sp.
same
on much
less complete
material,
and
it adds
Middle
Miocene
aspect
these
faunas.
ARTIODACTYLA
Artiodactyls
represented
Midway
Thoma
Farm
faunas 1
Cervidie.
cheek de
three
least
xcept
ntitions are known
families,
Oreodontidre
floridTanmt
the specimens
Camelida,
, in which
all isolated
and
complete
and
frag-
mentary.
The
identification
isolated
selenodont
artiodactyl
molars, even as to families, is notoriously difficult and untrustworthy.
The tentative identifications and comparisons should be received with
the
same
reserve
with
which
they
made.
Not
prejudice
probable
discovery
good
specimens
near
future,
a name
auDlied
only
adeauatelv
.... ....
known
species.
although
-V -.e
Oxydactylus
aind
.. V
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
Camelidae
OXYDACTYLU S
FLORIDANUS
, new
species
TYPE--F. S. (G.
V-5247, part
right maxi
with P'-M3.
PARIATYPE.-F.
V-5238
right
with
HORIZON
CALITY
lower
Jaw
-Ml.
AND
- Haw-
F.S. V-5247
thorn Formation,
Miocene.
Thomas
right
upper
cheek
teeth
floridanus, new species.
external
crown
Type,
views.
Farm
Gilehrist
One-half natural size.
County, Florida.
DIAGNOSIS.-About the
ize of 0
bracivyodontus.
diastema very
long.
P' very large, completely two-rooted,
with strong continuous
internal
cingulum.
PS with
inner
crese
likewise
complete,
much
expanded.
also
relatively
large
and
completely
two-rooted.
internal and
each
with
increasingly
posterior (or posterointernal)
prominent
antero-
folds.
S I IYYI ~ III I -CTY 'r fi Y J~
Fig. 20.--Oxydactylus
IW.\IZP~ V
U
1 -V
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
The genus OxydactylUs is founded
on and
only
certainly recogniz-
able
case
a combination
there
doubtful
only
of tooth
a few
association
and limb
astragali,
represent
characters.
phalanges,
limbs.
and
other
present
fragments
as they
they resemble
Oxydactylus,
or the
long-footed
phylum
they
inadequate
both
as to
completeness
and
as to
association
certain
confirmation.
The
teeth, however,
agree so
well
with
this genus and
differ so
reference
from
most
other
Lower
or Middle
Miocene
camels
that
is very probable.
Aside
from
absolute
measurement
and
proportions,
agreement with any other known species,
the present form is especially
notable
premolars,
which
combine
absence
any
reduction
in size or number
(aside from P'
, not very surely known but probably
present
and
large)
with
unusually
progressive
molarization.
Both
and P
have the inner crescent complete,
although
little expanded
transversely
and
the outer wall strongly folded
as on
'. P= and
also
have
laterally
the structural
and
elements
posterior fold,
of P,
unlike
more
does not form
compressed
an isolated
enamel lake at any stage of wear.
9. gibbi and
diastemata,
smaller
over
campestris are much smaller species and also differ
proportions,
premolar form
and likewise differ
lulli i
in premolar form,
s somewhat
proportion,
and
upper
other
characters.
premolar
structure
longiro
is over
makes
a third
closest
larger,
approach
with
tionately
smaller
, simple
brachyodontus
is closest
size
and
apparently
general
shorter
proportion
P'-P'
diastema
and
much
simpler
relatively wider
premolars,
molars.
longipes, the type,
similar molar proportions,
but is slightly larger
(less
than
apparently
and
shorter
within
diastema
range
, simpler
Probable
premolars,
variation)
and
with
premolars
horter relative to molars.
floaridatus seems, in
dental characters
a distinct species falling within this generic group.
The
type
preserved and
a considerable
in this,
part
alveolar
but not at its anterior
border
end,
is a
anterior
distinct
Sltrnflhi C.n
T JL_ ..
i1.T
--- -.
I T * Lr r u *tn' F's f J YEIW S N*L r
+hino r'li
el+ iIfonnn
proper
I
*P-rtTn
lrI
| l *LU
r
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
.given
as distinctive of
group,
this species,
noted
the accessory
These are
present
pillars,
on all
variable
the specimens
available.
and
and
hypocone
may
upper
form
vestigial
molars
strong
basal
(the
pillar
apex
between
pointing
lower
molars
protocone
externally)
between
protoconid
and
hypoconid,
is more
conical
and
is strong
on M',
progressively
weaker
on M=-3.
The upper molar from
the Griscom
Plantation
figured
Sellards
agrees fairly well
with
the species and
could
belong
here.
MEASUREMENTS
Type,
V-5247-
p2.p
Ps-P' ~
: 95
: 39
mm.
l'niB.
M'-MP : 60 mm.
i Pi I I P' |M' (worn)) jI | M3
L W L W L W L W L W L W
I13.5i 6.5 13 9 12 13 17 19 20.51 190 24 21
(Lengths oblique, on ectolophs. Widths maxiinI, basal.)
Paratype, F. S. G. S. V-5238--
P,-M3 : ca. 100 mm.*
P,-P : ca. 36 mm.*
M,-M3, : 65 mm.
| P,* | P, 1, M,(worn)| M, | M
| LL W7I W4.5 W .1 W1 L W
(c.l.5a. 5. 12.5 6 13. 7.5 14.I 11 20.5| 13.5 32 I 14.5
from another,
referred
, specimen.
MIOLABIS
Indet.
number
teeth
V-4970)
from
Midway,
represent
camel
isolated
apparently
specimens
rather
and
common
there
identifiable
but"
even
represented
as to
genus.
only
The
size
is somewhat less than that of
Oxydactyluss
floridanus,
tile crowns are
higher,
internal
Although
specimen:
upper
cingulum
worn
from
internal
is limited
teeth
Thoma
pillar
is still
strong,
occasionally
Farm
stronger,
basined,
difficult
a distinct
genus
upper
almost
antero-
cusp-like.
separate
is clearly
from
indi-
cated
. Identification
.. J
impossible.
p. t .t
there
is considerable
resem-
w w
38 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN
comparative material, the characters of dm, are rather closely
matched in Protolabis augustidens except the size, which accords
better with Procaomelus occidentalis. F. S. G. S. V-5080, from the
same locality, is an Ms or (probably) M1 from the same locality and
perhaps of the same species. It is characterized by a high crown,
flat inner basal surface, absence of external accessory pillar. These
specimens are wholly unidentifiable at present, and are of interest
only in indicating the presence of another species of camel, larger
than 0. floridanus and probably not in the same phylum.
Cervidse
There are two cervids from Midway and a doubtful one from the
Thomas Farm, none identifiable at all exactly.
BLASTOMERYX cf. MARSHI Lull
F. S. G. S. V-5011
is a right lower jaw
with M2-3 and V-5135
a fragment with
right M, both from
Midway. D direct
comparison with the
type of B. marshi Fig. 22.-A, Blastomeryx, cf. marshi, No. V-5011,
right M,-,, crown view. B, ?Dromomeryx cf.
has not been made, americanus. No. V-5010, broken right M,, crown
but, as far as it goes, view. Natural size.
the material cannot
be separated specifically from A. M. No. 14264, an Upper Harrison
specimen referred by Matthew to B. marshi.
?DROMOMERYX cf. AMERICANUS Douglass
Several last molars and upper molars from Midway cannot
definitely be distinguished from Dromomeryx americanus. As
Douglass has pointed out, the generic position of this species is in
doubt. It has also been referred to Palceomeryx. Its age, Madison
Valley, is not that suggested by most of the Florida specimens, but
such isolated specimens are inadequate for elaborate comparisons or
definite conclusions.
CERVID INDET.
A single tooth from the Thomas Farm somewhat resembles the
Midway specimens just mentioned, but has stronger external folds,
nearly equal internal lobes, and larger internal accessory pillar. It
is perhaps a cervid, but of doubtful position.
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
Note
on the
Pleistocene
Recent
Survey
from
Pleistocene
include many
Santa
collection
specimens
River,
and
Florida
from
each
State
Itchatucknee
from
Cypress
Geological
River,
Sprin
a few
and
Poe
Springs.
The
Itchatucknee
material
now
known
particularly
complete
and
interesting.
Unfortunately
no positive
stratigraphic
faunal
value
association.
, being found
For instance,
n1 ooze
that gives no
guarantee of
the present lot contains a jaw
domestic
pig,
well fossilized and not readily distinguished in mode of preserva-
tion from some of the remains of
extinct animal
Five species
which
also occur in
Itchatucknee
unmixed Pleistocene
previously
Given
faunas
of Florida are added
,8 making the full
mammal
possibly
and
probably
of Pleistocene age
as follow
Didelphis virginiana,
opossum.
Ondatra zibethica, muskrat.
*Neochoerus pinckneyi, giant capybara.
Geomys floridanu
,pocket gopher
"salamander
", (new record)
canadensis
Euarctos sp.,
*Arctodus sp.,
Procyon lotor
*Canis
(Thos)
beaver
bear.
hort-faced
raccoon.
bear.
cf. riviveronis
*Canis (Aenocyon)
Luttra canadensis.
*Mylodon-
*Eqwui
harlani,
comp
Ulicatus,
veroensi
, coyote
ayersi, dire wolf
(new record)
(new record).
otter.
ground
sloth.
horse.
s, tapir.
Odocoil
osceola
deer.
pemn'sylva.nicus,
peccary
bison.
* Tanopolama mirifica,
*Mastodon americanus
camel
(new
mastodon.
record)
*Parelephas floridanus, mammoth.
The list
is interesting
from
high
percentage
extinct
form
Castor
*Mylohytps
?*Bison sp.,
"Tapirus cf.
40 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN
Ondatra zibethica is represented by a good skull in the present
collection, confirming the previous reference of jaws. Geomys flori-
danus is represented by a lower jaw of unusually large size, but not
beyond the limits of the recent species. Neochoerus was previously
recorded, but this lot adds a complete frontal, typical except for its
relatively small size, the individual being juvenile as shown by the
fully open sutures.
A dog of medium size is represented-by a jaw without teeth, another
with MI1-, badly worn, an isolated carnassial, and an isolated canine.
These remains are closely similar to Canis (Thos) latrans and appar-
ently represent a coyote. They probably belong to Canis (Thos)
riviveronis Hay, but include no parts directly comparable with the
type. A large dire wolf is indicated by a jaw without teeth.
The tapir is slightly smaller than the type of Tapirus veroensis
and with upper molars somewhat more transverse than in T. veroensis
sellardsi, but probably belongs in that species. A peccary, probably
Mylohyus pennsylvanicus, was previously reported and is also present
in the new collection, a palate and a lower jaw of two old individuals
being found.
A camel, apparently the same as that described by me as Tanupo-
loma mirifica from the Seminole Field, is represented by an upper
jaw with P'-M' which adds significantly to knowledge of the species."
The tooth which I con-
sidered P' because of its
complete inner crescent
proves to be P", and the
real P' is less triangular
and more transverse.
This species is very pe-
culiar among Pleistocene
camelids in the relative-
ly large size of P" and its
strong and complete in-
Fig. 23.--?Tanpolama mirifica Simpson.
ner crescent. It may Left P'-M', crown view. Two-thirds natural
well belong in a line of size.
descent distinct from
either Camelops or Tanupolama (and still farther from Eschatius),
but the materials are still inadequate for full and certain recognition
of its position. In other features the dentition seems more like that
of Tanupolama and I leave it there with a query and with the sug-
gestion that it is probably distinct.
9 See Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., LVI, p. 593-596.
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
The specimens from the Santa F6 River include a
tapir,
apparently
the same as that from
Itchatucknee
River,
Castoroide
giant
beaver,
(reported on the evidence of an incisor indistinguishable from
ohioensis)
Equus
complicatus,
an undetermined camel,
domestic
cow, domestic pig, and some undetermined bones.
Cypress
Springs
near
Vernon
, Washington
County
was
found
part of
an incisor of
Castoroides cf. ohioensis, and at Poe Springs on
the Santa F6 River, Alachua
County,
a terminal
phalanx probably
a bison
but possibly
of a cow.
I
I
*
F
I
^ .
*
f
*
*
1
t
'
1
*
.
*
*
t
'
*
t
*
4
1
I
*
*
NEW HETEROMYID
RODENTS FROM THE
MIOCENE
OF FLORIDA
ALBERT
EILMEl
Wool)
LONG
ISLAND
UNIVERSITY,
BROOKLYN,
MIOCENE
VERTETItIATES
FLORIDA
NEW HETEROMYID
RODENTS
FROM
THE
MIOCENE
OF FLORIDA
ALI1EllT
ELMER
WOOD
INTRODI)UCTION
A small
collection
of bones and1
tee th
fron
I Hawthorn
Beds
Lower
Middle
Miocene
age,
fleal'
Midway
, Florida,
wasV
recently
turned over to me for stu
y by the Florida Geological
survey through
the kindness
inmpson
This collection
contains
Iletero-
myid cheek teeth of two si
Associated
with
thlnem are
incisors land
fragments of limb bones,
which are also separable into two size groups.
no other
collection
rodent
. as the
cheek
teetl
incisors
and1
than
limb
those
bones
IIeteromyids
about
right
rizes to fit the two kinds of teeth
and a
their character is essentially
IHeteromyid,
wish
urvey
am also
their association
express
and
Simp
indebted
with which this paper i
with
appreciation
the cheek teeth seem
both
perm issiol
* Florence
illustrated
iDowden
Florid
tudy
Wood
This study wa
aide
permissible.
i Geological
material.
! drawings
by a grant
from
Marsl
Fund
Nat
ional
Academy
Sciences.
])ESCllI PTi ONS
SPECIES
ROI)DENTIA
Ileteromyid(a
PRlOIIETE1ROMYS
, new genus.
TYPE SPECIES.-P
floridanus,
n. Sp.,
described
below.
I)IAGNOSI
s.-Cheek
teeth
bilophodont,
when
unlworn,
showing
sextitubercular
pattern,
in about
same
stage
evolution
in Mookomus.
Differs from Mookomnys in
having no sulcu
FROM
I__ _
FLORIIDA
G LOGICAL
SU RVEY-BU IaTETIN
TEN
Fig. 24.-Prohcteromys floridantus,
V-5329,
Ruccal
Holotype, P,-M,
side
tooth
toward
Fig. 25.-Prohcteromys flortdanus,
right,
toward
x 10.
V-5330,
Buccal
Paratype,
side1
tooth
L OCALITY.
-The Fullers Earth
Mine
, Midway, Flo
HIawthorn
Miocene; collected
)IAGoNosIS.-Teeth ir
Clarence Simpson.
i'ather
stage,
corresponding
development
Mookomys
primitive.
parvus.
Antero-posterior
valleys
between
cusps nearly
as deep
as the
median
valleys.
Small
size.
Metalophid
C rves
posteriorly
both
ends,
surrounding
central
consider
worn
'ably smaller than the other teeth.
, the cusp pattern cannot be determined.
As it is considerably
The metalophid almost
collies
central
into contact
basin.
with
IS even
more
worn
andi
both
may
ends
, surrounding
described
as an
instance of reversed topography,
with anticlinal
valleys and synclinal
mountains.
and
The
a left
other
Their
Mookomys parvus.
a radius
two
cusps
referred
molars
quite
The upper incisors
curvature
a radius
111m
collection
which
and
may
probably
as distinct
referred
lowers
also
belong
as are
a right
those
this species have
mm.i
this
There
This
being
species
almost
Colorado
is rather
as small
(Wood
a small
Heliscomy
, 1931)
The
(see
vetus
fact
table
measurements),
Middle
that:
upper
Oligocene
incisors
asulcate
is a generic
distinction
from
Mookomys,
and
suggests
that
this genus may be on or near the ancestral line of the recent eteronmys
and LAomys,
have asulcat'e
which are
incisors.
the only
living members of
This possibility i
family which
strengthened by the clharac-
of P1, in which
the central
basin
is essentially
similar
that
hypolophid
MIOCIE NIE
VEIT T'lHtRAT'IS
FROM
FLORI I)A
LOOA
ITY.-The 'ullers Earth Co.
Mine
Ilor
Haw thorn
Miocene
collected
Clarence Simpson.
i)IAONORIS.
-_p4
two
row
with
a posterior
cusps,
row
median
bein
an anterior
"ghily
posterior
lateral one.
111n size
Much more lophodont than
, alparent'ly
larger
ithn
any
. floridan u
other
II eteromy
ry lar'
Great
elongated
roots.
built
on a plan
muite
distinctt
fI'ron
P'cro a I Ih;ts
Dipodomsey
and1
approaches
quite closely to
that
lheer'omUs.
The
anterior
lcusps seen
protocone
and
analogy
two
mneta
llelis
larger
cone a
iltetaloph
crest
C(',olhiyS
cU1l)S
ind
would tl
present
/reforyi
(Wood,
metaloph
)oonlle.
hen
connect
The
the
ting
n pr1'
seem
median
entostyle.
these
cusp
li
s1),
Tlihe
rci)pient
so t
further
wear
would
unite
lrotocone
with
roi'ostyle,
is already
co000.
this
witl
connected
Between
the
witl
entostyle,
I
IlypoconeC
is an embl)ayllent,
whici
hypocone
and
deepened,
in turn
andl
mneta-
entostyle
might
l Cteromll/ mtnflnul ,
F. 8. O.
olotYlpe,
x 10.
tooth
8. V-5332
IIncInl
left,
side
town rd
form
wornl
lake
teeth
similar
lleteromys.
OU1i(
Another
partially
V-533) )
tentatively
referred(
sameI
SI)ecies,
is ulore
advanced
closer
apparently neit
relationship)
eir ot ties
lprotostyle
teeth could
and11(1
ento
iavc belonged to a form a
Ap)-
nIces
trial
t'o Liomys,
Heteromys,
as there
where
18 no paracone on0
Liomys seems to bear a*
PIrohetero4ys ma(gnus or in
reduced(
IS essenI
bilophodont,
t the
siX cusps are1
listingui
able as such.
The cingulum
cusp
however
rather
mall.
'l'here
are distinct traces of a posterior cingunlum,
which seems to be growing
toward the middle of the 'oot1
and
and
1111(1
1111(1
pleted a
elevated
lingual sides
entoconit1.
cross the
martin
this
rtar
from botl
from
cingulumn
tooth
somewhat
andk
lake
the buccal
the hylpostyl
were
com-
Iwere
would
Midway
three cusps,
anid(
lprot'ostyle,
Pro.
paraeone.
FIORI I)A
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY--BULLETIN
TEN
tooth would attain the pattern shown by slightly worn Heteromys teeth,
where an embayment from the outside reaches about a third of the way
across the tooth.
incipient character is of considerable interest,
apparently
indicates
tendency
toward
condition
found
Ileterom'ys.
The
entire
lack
trace
these
embayment
and
posterior cingula
in Liom.ys),
together
with
character
P. of P. floridanu
closer
relationship
which has only two
between
that species
lophs, seems to
and1
Liomus.
point
which
to a
two
lophs on
between
whether
,. than
these
two
difference
Heleromys,
genera
between
which
extends
two
three.
back
species
Whether the split
Miocene,
Proheterom/ys
merely a divergence anticipating and paralleling a later split between
Liomys and IIHeteromys, cannot be determined
without more material
although
former
alternative
seems
intrinsically
somewhat
more likely
is considerably
smaller
than
other
teeth,
as is the case in
the recent members of
the family
The
pattern
the M.,
however, is essentially the same as in
with small cingulum cusp
The protoloph
Pro-
Ictcerom/S l(lmagnuQfts,
F. S. G.
V-5334,
Paratylpe, M1 right,
X 10.
Bueenl side
toward
tooth
is considerably
Associated f
species
higher than
fragments
include astragali
humeri.
are those of a
These
the metaloph.
probably
calcanea
referable
and(
somewhat
recent Heteromys,
as large as those of P. ,magnllA;
I~
with t
)ut are
distal
smaller
ends
than
nearly
to that ex-
tent, probably more primitive,
as the limbs
(especially the hind
limb)
Helerom'ys
seem
have
become
secondarily
elongated.
The
cisors are quite large,
the radius of
curvature of the upper ones being
11 mm
., and that of the lowers, 8mm.
Another
IIeteromyid
tooth
fig. 29, included in the collection,
represent
V-5336,
a third
species,
upper
intermediate
fourth
size.
premolar
The
The
specimen
cusps
con-
nected 1
around 1
continuous
crown.
- -
The
1 1 rns a A 1
crest
metacon(
* r11
running
entirely
is considerably
1 I.1
- -
Fig.
nini 'v i
20.--Ieter-
Irt -
Of Run
recent
teeth
I
MIOCENE
V ERTEBRATES
FROMl
FLOR I I)A
assigned
PeridionUys
rusticus
Matthew
fromI
Sllt
Wood
either
(1931
phylogenetic chart)
a separate
line
more
is incorrect
andi
probably
that
is related
represent
Dip rion o' lh)j s,
as suggested
much
than
more
like
those
Hall
those
Dip
(1930)
The
Hletcro
10onon1y1
cheek
mlys
teeth
their
Prohlct ron
fundamenl al
aplpa rently
pattern
I'c)Ireselnt
separate
phylumn,
differentiated
from
ol'lie
Iletieromyi(
least
line
as early a
recently
the Lower
Miocene, as'
described
is shown
111(m111
Thei
mhi/s
this
group
are characterized
asulcate
having c
lllcisors
Helero,
cek teetl
type,
Pceroy
ciiiiaio
alh Ius type and
ancestral
either,
or Lower
as all three groups seem to have been estab
Miocene.
. Tlhe
ocecile
1l teromyid
ishlc(I
as f'
Middle
as they
known
do not fore
shadow
any
one of the
three
in S
lore '
than
the other two
, but nmay well
be ancestral
three.
The
Occurrence
these
rodent
( surprising.
These are t
River.
e first HIceromyid
Furthermore,
reeoi
these specimen
'ded from
east1
, being from Florida,
sIssI
1mus
have
lived
in quite
a different
environm
From
tliat
present
IHeteromyid
western
IIeteromyid
had an
Legions,
inhabit,
essentially
hitherto
,-those
a region
imila
known
North
from i
America
inhabit
United
ellviron llent.
number
Central
similar
that
and
The genus
family,
South
which
Ame
Stal es
arid
nusll
lie.terom
lives
plains.
, have
alone,
forested
'Ica
Plrohetero'mys
musll
once
have
flourished.
fact serve
strengthen
their
their
relationship,
as suggest
imorphl(
)logical
sprobalility
similarities
teeth.
tage
Miocene
As the
two species
>f evolution
than
referred
Mookomys
in that
Hawthorn
fauna
genus
pa'rv.s,
altiflu.winis
seems
botl
perhaps
from
early
lmore'
nearly
from
Middle
Middle
in the
Lower
Miocene.
Miocene
age,
seems
additional
caseC
more
primitive
forms
urviving to a later date in an
isolated
out hern
1)llnnins
kLI t
Iban
111 a
Diprionomny J
Li
DIi.riono
Florida
western
---anld
The
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS, In Millimeters
Proheteromtys
. magnusl
Heteromyid
Heteromyn
floridannus
Fla. G. S. Nos.
V-5329,
V-5330
Flin. G. S. Nos.
V-5332, V-5333,
indet.
Fin. G. S.
V-5336
(lesmarestianus
From Golldman,
V-5331
Miocene
V-5334
Miocene
Miocene
100007
Recent of
Guatemala.
width
length
I width
1.25
1.35
metalophid
. .... 1.22
.75 ...
width
hypolophid
length .
1.29
1.03
width
* ....
* ...
metalophid
.. 1.65
... 1.45
width
hypolophid
length ..
1.71
1.52
1.54
* ...
. * *
width
protoloph
... 0 1.08
width
metaloph
length
width
.... 1.91
... 51.60
1.40
1.40
1.44
1.33
protoloph
1.12 ...
.1.55
width
metaloph
length
* S . .
. . . ..* *
1.08
1.55
1.18
width
protoloph
1.08 .. .
S... 1.45
width
metaloph
length
. . . S
S. .* S . S
1.02
* . .
* f
1.45
1.19
mrT3 ,,AA-
MIOCENE
VERTEBRATES
FROM
FLORII)DA
REFERENCES CITED
Gazin
Oregon.
1932.
Camn.
Goldman
A Miocene Mammalian Fauna from Southeastern
Inst.
1911.
Wash.
Publ.
Revision
418,
Spiny
71-75, 1
Pocket
, fig.
Mice.
Dept.
Agr.,
Biol.
Surv
North Amer.
Fauna No.
Hall, E.
1930.
of Fish Lake
Rodent
Valley, Nevada
and Lagomorphs from the Later
Univ.
Cal.
Publ., Bull.
Tertiary
Dept.
Geol.
vol.
no. 12,
297.
Simpson,
Miocene
Land
Mammal
from
(This
bulletin.
Wood
1931
Phylogeny
the HIcteromyid
Rodents.
Amer
Mus.
Novitate
, pp.
1-19.
Wood
press.
A New
Ileteromyid
Rodent
fromn
Oligo-
scene of Montana.
Journal
of Mammalogy.
Florida.
II
I
APHELOPS FROM THE HAWTHORN FORMATION
OF FLORIDA
By EDWIN II. COLBER'r
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,
NEW YORK, N.
iI
1
MIOCENE
VEIRTEIBRATES
FROM
FLORIDA
APHELOPS
FROM
THE
HAWTHORN
FORMATION
OF FI
EDWIN
LORIDA
COLBEIRT
Shortly
mammals
Museum
after
publication
of Florida.'o Dr
Natural
paper
George Gaylord Simpson,
History,
received
so80me
fossil
Tertiary
of the Amer
candy
iean
fragments
considerable
Geological
Assistant
significance.
Survey, having
Geologist,
They
been
from
were
sent
recovered
excavation
him
.G.
e Florida
. Ponton.
pump
Tallahassee
water
works.
The
fossils,
consisting
several
broken
rhinoceros molars
(Fla.
Surv
. V-4430
and the phalanx of a
camel
(Fla.
Surv
SV-4431)
were
turned
over
writer
study
Simpson
was
time
making
preparations
a collecting
trip,'),
and
was
thus unable
to examine
the material at
is leisure.
The
various
authors
that
have
written
genera
later
Tertiary
rhinoceroses
have
given
meager
details
which
lower
teeth
might
distinguished
their
descriptions
have
been
concerned primarily with
the skulls and
the determination of these isolated lower molars
Therefore
is a problem
of some
difficulty.
The molars are small
far smaller than
typical
Teleoccra
Aphelops.
from
The
relative
belonging
brachyodonty
and
would
this character
exclude
together
these
with
teeth
their
general
shape
and
configuration
would
seCem
place
them
genus
Aphelops.
these
teeth
, tile
ones
identified
premolars
are unreduced in size as compared
to the molars, this being character-
istic of Aphelops.
as belonging
Of course
, the teeth in question mig
to the genus Peracera
but since
hit be classified
lower jaws of
genus
certainly
known
such
identification
would
extremely
doubtful.
The
teeth
certainly
represent
Dicera-
tlteriznm,
or Trigonias.
The
teeth
have
been
identified
as right
premolar
3 and
molars
compare
2 and
quite
and
well
with
premolar
Aphelops
size
and
braclhyodus,
proportions
small,
they
primitive
coceras
upper dentitions.
56 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN
Fig. 30.-Aphelops sp. (F. S. G. S. V-4430A)
and Oxydactylus sp. (F. S. G. S. V-4431) from
the Hawthorn formation at Tallahassee. About
three fifths natural size. Left-Aphelops, LP,;
Oxydactylus, L. Prox. Ph. IV. Right-Aphelops,
RP3, RP,, RM,, RM,.
as possibly being definitive of Aphelops longipes. These molars are,
however, far too small to be properly classed with this species, and
since they are well worn they must represent a fully adult animal.
The best recourse is to say that the molars here being considered were
those of a small and rather primitive species of Aphelops, living in
the Miocene of Florida.
MIOCENE VERTEBRATES
The fossils are so badly broken as to
FROM
FLORIDA
make specific
determinations
insecure.
phalanx ]
distinctly
The
associated
on the
a Miocene
camel
bone
manus
may
identified
xydactylus
as proximal
xydacctyltw
form.
SIGNIFICANCE
THE
FRAGMENTS
With
regard
fossil
mollusks
found
immediately
above the bones, the Florida Geological Survey have by letter supplied
following identifications
Pecten cf.
. chipolanus
Pecten acanikos
Ostrea
Carol/ia
rugifera
(Wakullina)
floridana
and state that these species are considered diagnostic of the Hawthorn
formation
and
in particular
"Sopchoppy '
limestone
which
Miss Gardner" regarded as a very shallow water phase of the Chipola
formation.
The
relations of
the deposits at
Tallah
assee
may
represented
following
HAWTHORN
fashion:
FORMATION.
0 to 50(
50 to 55
feet-Soft red and1(
feet--Soft
yellow sand, clay and marl.
light greenish gray
fullers earth-like clay,
somewhat
culceareous
contains
a few
mollusks
identifications
above).
to 60 feet-Soft
, light grpenish-gray sand rock
of bone and teeth
described
contains the fragments
in this paper.
60 to
72 feet-Hard
white
.limestone.
Typical
"Sopchoppy"
limestone.
TAMPA
LI M STONE.
72 to 100 feet-Hard
white
limestone.
After Gerald M.
The Miocene stratigraphy
C(hoctawha tchee
Ponton
of Florida is as follows
formation
FLORIDA
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY-BULLETIN
TEN
Thus Aphelops is established in
tion with Oxydactylus.
Previously
Miocene of Florida
Aphelops
well a
, in associa-
Teleoceras )
had
been
limited
this
region
Pliocene,
and
such
fragments
Rhinoceratidie
as had
been
found
Miocene
had
been
identified
Aphelops.
The
as Ccenopus
presence of
Diceratherimm,
Aphelops in
or doubtfully
the Miocene of Florida
referred
Increases
correlative
data
between
beds
period
southeastern
and
in the
western
portions
North
America.
COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF TEETH
SPECIMEN
TOOTH
ANTERIOR-
TRANSVERSE
POSTERIOR 'DIA.
Fla.
Surv
V-4430A
Aphelops
R P.
R P,
RM2
RM3
LP4
10874
Aphelops
brachyodus
L P2
R P
RP4
RMi
RM2
mm.
36.5
mnm.
27.5
nmm.
26.5
mm.
23.5
23.5
(No
number)
Aphelops
longipes
RP4
RM1
RM2
RM3
L M2
LM3
mm.
35.5 mm.
53.5
|
