Citation
The Trojan Horse and the Femme Cheval: Primitivism and Modernist Self-Fashioning in the Works of Wifredo Lam

Material Information

Title:
The Trojan Horse and the Femme Cheval: Primitivism and Modernist Self-Fashioning in the Works of Wifredo Lam
Creator:
Blahnik, Adam Chin
Publisher:
University of Florida
Publication Date:
Language:
English

Subjects

Subjects / Keywords:
Undergraduate Honors Thesis/Project

Notes

Abstract:
This project situates several early works by Wifredo Lam (1902–1982) within the discursive realm of European primitivism. Born in Cuba to a Chinese-Cuban father and an Afro- Cuban mother, Lam entered the social and artistic circles of the Parisian avant-gardes including Pablo Picasso, Michel Leiris, and André Breton, who frequently reduced both his artistry and his identity to his Blackness. In this context, I analyze Lam’s expressed desire to “act as a Trojan horse that would spew forth hallucinating figures with the power to surprise, to disturb the dreams of the exploiters.” I argue that Lam’s engagement with the legacy of primitivism constituted a central component of this invasive endeavor of the Trojan horse, an active self-fashioning as a modernist artist. First, through accounts of Lam’s interactions with Parisian avant-garde circles from his introduction in 1938 to his departure for Martinique in 1941, I elaborate on Lam’s situation in the European avant-garde’s schemata of race and culture and its necessitation of this modernist self-fashioning. Second, through the reading of two self-portraits from the late 1930s, I explore how primitivism operated within this self-fashioning during his time in Europe. And finally, an analysis of the recurring figure of the femme cheval demonstrates this fusion of a formal basis in European primitivism and the modernity of Afro-Caribbean syncretism. In doing so, I demonstrate how Lam’s primitivism operated as a strategic means to situate himself as an active and coeval participant in the dialogues of European modernists. ( en )
General Note:
Awarded Bachelor of Arts in History of Art, summa cum laude, on May 6, 2023. Major: Art History
General Note:
College or School: The Arts
General Note:
Advisor: Rachel Carmel Silveri. Advisor Department or School: Art and Art History.

Record Information

Source Institution:
University of Florida
Holding Location:
University of Florida
Rights Management:
Copyright Adam Chin Blahnik. Permission granted to the University of Florida to digitize, archive and distribute this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.

Downloads

This item is only available as the following downloads:


Full Text

PAGE 1

! ! ! ! "#$!"%&'()!#&%*$!()+!"#$! !"##"$%&"'() , ! -%./.".0.*/!()+!/&+$%).*"! *$12 3 2(*#.&).)4!.)!"#$!5&%6*!&2!5.2%$+&!1(/ ! ! ! 78 ! ! ! (+(/! 9#.)! 71(#).6 ! ! ! ! ! (!"#$*.*!-%$*$)"$+! "&!"#$!*9#&&1!&2!(%"!()+!(%"!#.*"&%:!("!"#$! ;).0$%*.":!&2!21&%.+(!.)!-(%".(1! 2;12.11/$)"!&2!"#$!%$<;.%$/$)"*!2&%! "#$!+$4%$$!&2!7(9#$1&%!&2!(%"*!.)!#.*"&%:!&2!(%"!5."#!#&)&%* ! ! =>=? ! ! *@ABCDEFBG!H8!-CIJBFFIC ! %KLMBN!*ENDBCE ! !

PAGE 2

! O ! "#$%&'(% ! "MEF!ACIPBLQ!FEQ@KQBF!FBDBCKN!BKCN8!RICSF!H8!5EJCBGI!1KT!UOV>= W OVX=Y!REQMEZ!QMB! GEFL@CFEDB!CBKNT!IJ! $@CIABKZ!ACETEQEDEFT[!7ICZ!EZ!9@HK!QI!K!9MEZBFB 3 9@HKZ!JKQMBC!KZG!KZ!(JCI 3 ! 9@HKZ!TIQMBC\!1KT!BZQBCBG!QMB!FILEKN!KZG!KCQEFQEL!LECLNBF!IJ!QMB!-KCEFEKZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGBF!EZLN@GEZ]! -KHNI!-ELKFFI\!/ELMBN!1BECEF\!KZG!(ZGC^!7CBQIZ\!RMI!JCB_@BZQN8!CBG@LBG!HIQM!MEF!KCQEF QC8!KZG!MEF! EGBZQEQ8!QI!MEF!7NKLSZBFF[!.Z!QMEF!LIZQB`Q\!.!KZKN8aB!1KTbF!B`ACBFFBG!GBFECB!QI!cKLQ!KF!K!"CIPKZ! MICFB!QMKQ!RI@NG!FABR!JICQM!MKNN@LEZKQEZ]!JE]@CBF!REQM!QMB!AIRBC!QI!F@CACEFB\!QI!GEFQ@CH!QMB! GCBKTF!IJ!QMB!B`ANIEQBCF[d!.!KC]@B!QMKQ!1KTbF!BZ]K]BTB ZQ!REQM!QMB!NB]KL8!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT! LIZFQEQ@QBG!K!LBZQCKN!LITAIZBZQ!IJ!QMEF!EZDKFEDB!BZGBKDIC!IJ!QMB!"CIPKZ!MICFB\!KZ!KLQEDB!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ]!KF!TIGBCZEFQ!KCQEFQ[!2ECFQ\!QMCI@]M!KLLI@ZQF!IJ!1KTbF!EZQBCKLQEIZF!REQM!-KCEFEKZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!LECLNBF!JCIT!MEF!EZQCIG@ LQEIZ!EZ!OV?X!QI!MEF!GBAKCQ@CB!JIC!/KCQEZE_@B!EZ!OVeO\!.!BNKHICKQB!IZ! 1KTbF!FEQ@KQEIZ!EZ!QMB!$@CIABKZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGBbF!FLMBTKQK!IJ!CKLB!KZG!L@NQ@CB!KZG!EQF!ZBLBFFEQKQEIZ! IJ!QMEF!TIGBCZEFQ!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ][!*BLIZG\!QMCI@]M!QMB!CBKGEZ]!IJ!QRI!FBNJ 3 AICQCKEQF!JCIT ! QMB!NKQB! OV?>F\!.!B`ANICB!MIR!ACETEQEDEFT!IABCKQBG!REQMEZ!QMEF!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ]!G@CEZ]!MEF!QETB!EZ!$@CIAB[! (ZG!JEZKNN8\!KZ!KZKN8FEF!IJ!QMB!CBL@CCEZ]!JE]@CB!IJ!QMB!JBTTB!LMBDKN!GBTIZFQCKQB F ! QMEF!J@FEIZ!IJ!K! JICTKN!HKFEF!EZ!$@CIABKZ!ACETEQEDEFT!KZG!QMB!TIGBC ZEQ8!IJ!(JCI 3 9KCEHHBKZ!F8ZLCBQEFT[!.Z!GIEZ]! FI\!.! GBTIZFQCKQB!MIR!1KTbF!ACETEQEDEFT!IABCKQBG!KF!K!FQCKQB]EL!TBKZF!QI!FEQ@KQB!METFBNJ!KF!KZ! KLQEDB!KZG!LIBDKN!AKCQELEAKZQ!EZ!QMB!GEKNI]@BF!IJ!$@CIABKZ!TIGBCZEFQF[ ! !

PAGE 3

! = ! )*%&+,-(%.+* ! ! .Z! K Z!EZQBCDEBR!REQM!2CBZL M!K@QMIC!KZG!KCQ!LCEQEL!/K` 3 -IN!2I@LMBQ!A@HNEFMBG!EZ!OVfg\! 5EJCBGI!1KT!CBLKNNF!MEF!OVeO!CBQ@CZ!JCIT!-KCEF!QI!MEF!ZKQEDB!9@HK\!FQKQEZ] ! . ! RKZQBG!REQM!KNN!T8!MBKCQ!QI!AKEZQ!QMB!GCKTK!IJ!T8!LI@ZQC8\!H@Q!H8!QMICI@]MN8! B`ACBFFEZ]!QMB! ) B]CI!FAECEQ\!QMB!HBK@Q8!IJ! QMB!ANKFQEL!KCQ!IJ!QMB!HNKLSF[!.Z!QMEF!RK8!.! LI@NG!KLQ!KF!K!"CIPKZ!MICFB!QMKQ!RI@NG!FABR!JICQM!MKNN@LEZKQEZ]!JE]@CBF!REQM!QMB! AIRBC!QI!F@CACEFB\!QI!GEFQ@CH!QMB!GCBKTF!IJ!QMB!B`ANIEQBCF[ ! ! ! "MEF!TBQKAMIC!IJ!K!"CIPKZ!MICFB!ACIDEGBF!K!@FBJ@N!BZQC8!AIEZQ!QI!KZ KN8aB!1KTbF!J@FEIZ!IJ! $@CIABKZ!TIGBCZEFQ!KBFQMBQELF!REQM!BNBTBZQF!IJ! KZ! (JCI 3 9KCEHHBKZ!TIGBCZEQ8[ ! #EF!BKCN8! ETTBCFEIZ!EZ!QCKGEQEIZF!IJ!KLKGBTEL!AKEZQEZ]!NBG!MET!JCIT!#KDKZK bF! "*+,-./$0-$1-../*$ (23-* ! QI! /KGCEG!HBJICB!MEF!CBNILKQEIZ!QI!-KCEF!KZG! EZQCIG@LQEIZ!QI!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!FAMBCB F ! EZLN@GEZ]! -KHNI! -ELKFFI\! (ZGC^! 7CBQIZ\!KZG! /ELMBN! 1BECEF[!.Q!EF!EZ!QMEF!LIZQB`Q!QMKQ!MEF!FBNJ 3 ACILNKETBG!EZDKFEDB!BZGBKDIC!IJ!QMB!"CIPKZ!MICFB! HB]KZ ! EZ!J@NN!JICLB[! .!KC]@B!QMKQ! ACETEQEDEFT! J@ZLQEIZBG!KF!K!ACBGITEZ KZQ!LITAIZBZQ ! IJ ! 1KTbF ! TIGBCZEFQ!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ] \! B`EFQEZ]!EZ!QBZFEIZ!REQM! QMB! BNBTBZQF!IJ ! K!AIFQ 3 LINIZEKN!(JCI 3 9@HKZ!TIGBCZEQ8 ! QMKQ!MKDB! HBBZ!KFLCEHBG!QI!MEF!ACKLQELB [ ! 2ECFQ\!QMCI@]M!KLLI@ZQF!IJ!1KTbF!EZQBCKLQEIZF!REQM!-KCEFEKZ! KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!LECLNBF!JCIT!ME F!EZQCIG@LQEIZ!EZ!OV?X!QI!MEF!GBAKCQ@CB!JIC!/KCQEZE_@B!EZ!OVeO\! .!RENN!BNKHICKQB!IZ!1KTbF!FEQ@KQEIZ!EZ! QMB! $@CIABKZ! KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!FLMBTKQK! IJ!CKLB ! KZG! L@NQ@CB ! KZG!EQF!ZBLBFFEQKQEIZ!IJ!QMEF!TIGBCZEFQ!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ][!*BLIZG\! QMCI@]M!QMB!CBKGEZ]! IJ!QRI!FBNJ 3 AI CQCKEQF!JCIT!QMB!NKQB!OV?>F\! .!RENN! B`ANICB ! MIR!ACETEQEDEFT!IABCKQBG!REQMEZ! QMEF!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ]!G@CEZ]!MEF!QETB!EZ!$@CIAB[!(ZG!JEZKNN8 \!KZ KN8FBF! IJ!QMB!CBL@CCEZ]!JE]@CB! IJ! QMB $ 4-55$ +6-7/.$ KZG!MEF!AKEZQEZ]! 86-$9,:;.! UOVe?Y! RENN!GBTIZFQCKQB!QMEF! J@FEIZ!IJ ! K! JICTKN!HKFEF!EZ ! $@CIABKZ! ACETEQEDEFT ! KZG!QMB! TIGBCZEQ8 ! IJ!(JCI 3 9KCEHHBKZ!F8ZLCBQEFT[!.Z! ! ! ! "#$ % &'(!)'*+,-./! !"#$%&'()*+ ! 01-2!3'456!7899'(8/!:;<=>/!?:@ ! !

PAGE 4

! ? ! GIEZ]!FI\! .!RENN!GBTIZFQCKQB!MIR!1KTbF! ACETEQEDEFT! RKF!LBZQCKN ! QI!FEQ@KQB!METFBNJ ! KF!KZ! KLQEDB!KZG!LIBDKN!AKCQELEAKZQ!EZ!QMB!GEKNI]@B F ! IJ!$@CIABKZ!TIGBCZEFQ F[ ! ! /.0&1,+! 2'3!'$!4&.3.%.51!6#71(% ! ! 2CIT!MEF!EZQCIG@LQEIZ!QI!-ELKFFI!EZ!OV?X\!1KT!RKF!JICLBG!QI!ZB]IQEKQB!MEF! TIGBCZEFQ!KFAECKQEIZF!REQM!QMB!ABCLBAQEIZ!IJ!MET!KF!K!ACETEQEDB!ACIQ^]^ \!HBEZ]!GBJEZBG! EZ! CBNKQEIZ ! QI!MEF! KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB! LIZQBTAICKCEBF[!1IRBC8!*QISBF!*ETF!GBFLCEHBF!1KT!KF!HBEZ]! c_@ELSN8!F@HF@TBG!REQMEZ!QMB!CITKZQEL!LMKCKLQBCEaKQEIZF!IJ!QMB!hACETEQEDBb!QMKQ!BTKZKQBG! JCIT!OX "# 3 LBZQ@C8!ZIQEIZF!IJ!QMB!hZIHNB!FKDK]B\bd!DEBRBG!KF!KZ!K@QMBZQEL!LIZG@EQ!JIC! (JCELKZ!L@NQ@CB[ $ ! "MB!@ ZREBNGEZBFF!IJ!QMEF!LMKCKLQBCEaKQEIZ!EF!GBTIZFQCKQBG!EZ!1KTbF!JECFQ! EZQBCKLQEIZF!REQM!-ELKFFI!KZG!1BECEF[ ! 1KT!CBTBTHBCF!MEF!KQQCKLQEIZ!QI!K!FL@NAQ@CB!EZ! -ELKFFIbF!(JCELKZ!LINNBLQEIZ\!@AIZ!RMELM!-ELKFFI!CBTKCSBG!c:I@!FMI@NG!HB!ACI@Gi! 7BLK@FB!QMEF!FL@NAQ@CB! RKF!TKGB!H8!KZ!(JCELKZ!KZG!8I@!MKDB!(JCELKZ!HNIIG[d % ! 1KT!RKF! QMBZ!NBG!H8!-ELKFFI!KZG!1BECEF!QMCI@]M!QMB EC ! LINNBLQEI Z F ! KZG!QMCI@]M!QMB!]KNNBCEBF!IJ!QMB! /@F^B!GB!Nb#ITTB ! QI!cQBKLMd!MET!KHI@Q!(JCELKZ!KCQ[ & ! 1KTbF!AKCKGI`ELKN!AIFEQEIZEZ]!EZ! QMB!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!TE ZGFBQ!EF!ENN@FQCKQBG!EZ!QMEF!B`LMKZ]Bj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

PAGE 5

! e ! ! ( ! FBNBLQEIZ! JCIT!7CBQIZbF! <,22-/.=*5$/:0$ >/=:3=:;$ ACIDEGBF!K!@FBJ@N!BN@LEGKQEIZ!IJ! QMEF!AIFEQEIZEZ]!IJ!1KT!EZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!LECLNBF[!#B!RCEQBF!KHI@Q!QMB!CBNKQEIZFMEAF!IJ!1KT! KZG!-ELKFFI!REQM!(JCELKZ!FL@NAQ@CB\!LMKCKLQBCEaEZ]!QMBT!KF!EZDBCFB N8!CBNKQBG [ ! 1KT! FQKCQBG!IJJ!REQM!K!]CBKQ!J@ZG!IJ!QMB!TKCDBNI@F!KZG!QMB!ACETEQEDB!REQMEZ! MET\!KZG!FI@]MQ!QMB!ME]MBFQ!AIEZQ!IJ!LIZFLEI@FZBFF!H8!QMBZ!KFFETENKQEZ]!QMB! TIFQ!FSENNJ@N!GEFLEANEZB!IJ!$@CIABKZ!KCQ\!QMEF!AIEZQ!IJ!LIZFLEI@FZBFF!HBEZ]! KNFI!QMB!TBBQEZ]!AIEZQ!REQM!QMB! KCQEFQ ! k ! -ELKFFI ! k ! RMI!LITTBZLBG!MEF! IRZ!PI@CZB8!REQM!ABCJBLQ!TKFQBC8!IDBC!MEF!GEFLEANEZBF!H@Q!MKF!KNRK8F! EZFEFQBG!IZ!QMB!ZBLBFFEQ8!IJ!K!LIZFQKZQ!CBQ@CZ!QI!HKFEL!ACEZLEANBF!EZ!ICGBC!QI! CBQKEZ!QMB!AIRBC!IJ!CBPIEZEZ]!QMB!TKCDBNI@F[ ' ! ! "MB ! MEBCKCLMEaKQEIZ!IJ!5BFQ BCZ!KZG!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ!KCQ!EF! LNBKCN8 ! DEFEHNB!EZ! MEF ! LMKCKLQBCEaKQEIZ!IJ!$@CIABKZ!KCQ!KF!cQMB!TIFQ!FSENNJ@N!GEFLEANEZB\d!H@Q!K!TICB!ITEZI@F! CBG@LQEIZ!EF! KNFI! KQ!RICS!MBCB[! 7CBQIZ ! FEQ@KQBF ! 1KT!KZG!-ELKFFI!K F ! ICE]EZKQEZ]!KQ! GEKTBQCELKNN8!IAAIFEQB ! BZGF!IJ!K!FABL QC@T ! FAKZZEZ]!QMB!$@CIABKZ!LBZQBC!KZG!QMB!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ!ABCEAMBC8 \! LITEZ]!EZQI!LIZQKLQ!REQM! BKLM! IQMBC!KF!QMB8!B`ANICB!QMB!JICTKN! KBFQMBQELF!KZG!J@ZGKTBZQKN!AMENIFIAMEBF!IJ!QMBEC! LI@ZQBCAKCQ [!"MEF!CBG@LQEIZ!IJ!1KT!QI!cQMB! ACETEQEDB!REQMEZ!METd!FBCDBF!QI!CBG@ LB!MEF!KCQEFQEL!B`ACBFFEIZ!QI!QMB!JICTF!KZG!AMENIFIAMEBF! IJ!MEF! ABCLBEDBG! BFFBZQEKNEFQ!KZG! EZQCEZFEL! NEZS ! QI!K!QBTAICKNN8!F@FABZGBG!(JCELK[ ! 7CBQIZ! AIFEQEIZF!1KT!KF!EZQB]CKQEZ]!QMEF!EZZKQB!ACETEQED BZBFF! EZQI!MEF!IB@DCB!QMCI@]M!QMB!TBGEKQEIZ! IJ! K! $@CIABKZ!KCQEFQEL! BG@LKQEIZ ! k ! QMB!FBBSEZ]!UZIQ!ZBLBFFKCEN8!KLMEBDEZ]Y!IJ!QMB!cME]MBFQ! AIEZQ!IJ!LIZFLEI@FZBFFd!RMELM!-ELKFFI!ILL@AEBF [!.Z!QMEF!RK8\!KF!/ELMBNB!4CBBQ!KC]@BF\ ! 1KT! EF!GBZEBG!QMB!K@QIZIT8!QI!BZ]K]B!EZ!TIG BF!IJ!TIGBCZEFQ!KCQEFQEL!LCBKQEIZ\!EZLN@GEZ]! ! % ! QIH4Y!Z4-.'I/! @A$$%*/"-+(*1&(B*"10"1C /!.4#ID@!C8E'I!K#.D'I!G#B('4!0Z'D.'I6!"*D-*E!'J!)8I-!Q4.D!&*N(8D,8IP/! STTS>/! :=; [ :<:@ ! !

PAGE 6

! l ! ACETEQEDEFT[ ( ! .Z!IQMBC!RICGF\!QMB!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!CBNB]KQEIZ!IJ!1KT!QI!K!ACETEQEDB!ABCEAMBC8! CBF@NQF!EZ!MEF!EZMBCBZQ!B`LN@FEIZ!JCIT!BZQBCEZ]!QMB!$@CIABKZ!LBZQBC\!K ! QCKZF]CBFFEDB!EZDKFEIZ! IZN8!AIFFEHNB!QMCI@]M! K!CBL IZFQC@LQEIZ!KF! K! TIGBCZEFQ[!.Q!EF!QMEF!CBNB]KQEIZ!QMKQ!.!KC]@B! ZBLBFFEQKQBG!1KTbF!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ]!KF!TIGBCZEFQ ! k ! EZLN@GEZ]!QMB!KLQEDB!ABCJICTKZLB!IJ! ACETEQEDEFT ! k ! QI!AIFEQEIZ!METFBNJ!ZIQ!KF!EZJBCEIC!H@Q! KF ! B_@KN[ ! ! 8&+3!4&.3.%.51!%+!4&.3.%.5.$% ! ! 1KTbF!EZLICAICK QEIZ!IJ! L@NQ@CKN!HICCIREZ] ! QI!ZB]IQEKQB!QMEF!QBZFEIZ!EF!BDEGBZQ!EZ! QRI!FBNJ 3 AICQCKEQF!JCIT!MEF!QETB!EZ!$@CIAB[! (!FBNJ 3 AICQCKEQ!AKEZQBG!EZ!OV?X!FET@NQKZBI@FN8! CBEJEBF!KZG!CBFEFQF!QMB!BFFBZQEKNEFQ!CBG@LQEIZ!IJ!MEF!EGBZQEQ8!QI!MEF!F@AAIFBG!NEZS!QI!(JCELKZ! FL@ NAQ@CB!U2E]@CB!OY[! "MB!AKEZQEZ]!LBZQBCF!IZ!K!JKLB! CBZGBCBG ! KF!K!TKFS[! (NN!JKLEKN!JBKQ@CBF! KCB!CBG@LBG!KZG!]BITBQCELEaBG\!HBLITEZ]!KHFQCKLQBG!CBLQENEZBKC!JICTF!QMKQ!EZQBCFBLQ! ICQMI]IZKNN8[!"MB!HC@FMFQCISBF!KCB!NIIFB!KZG!DEFEHNB\!REQM!TEZETKN!HNBZGEZ]\!P@`QKAIFEZ]! FQCBKSF!IJ!CBG\!]CBBZ\!HCIRZ\!KZG!HNKLS!QI!LCBKQB!GBJEZEQEIZ!KZ G! GBNEZBKQB ! HBQRBBZ!QMB!B8BF\! ZIFB\!TI@QM\!KZG!LMBBSF[!"MB!MKEC!EF!HKCBN8! CBACBFBZQBG \!CBG@LBG!QI!K!JBR!FQCISBF!KQIA!K! TIZILMCITKQEL!HKLS]CI@ZG!IJ!]CBBZ[!7BQRBBZ!QMB!CBG@LBG!KZKQITELKN!JICTF!IJ!QMB!F@HPBLQ! GBAELQBG!KZG!QMB!HKLS]CI@ZG!CBTIDBG!JCIT!KZ8!LIZ LCBQB!FAKQEKN!IC!QBTAICKN!FBQQEZ]\!QMBCB! EF!ZI!EZGELKQEIZ!QMKQ!QMB!F@HPBLQ!IJ!QMB!AICQCKEQ!EF!1KT j ! IZN8!QMB!QEQNB!B`ANELEQN8!LIZDB8F!QMEF! QI!QMB!DEBRBC[! 1KTbF!FBNJ 3 AICQCK8KN!REQM!QMB!JICTKN!CBZGBCEZ]!IJ!K!TKFS!IZ! QMB! IZB!MKZG! KLSZIRNBG]BF!MEF!ABCLBAQEIZ!EZ ! KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!LECLNBF!KF!cACETEQEDB [d! #IRBDBC\! 4CBBQ ! CBKGF! K! TICB!F@HDBCFEDB!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ] \!FQKQEZ]!QMKQ!c MEF!@FB!IJ!K!TKFS\!RMELM!KLQF!KF!K!MEGEZ]!IC! ! & ! "8+,-(-!\4--./!F RIX-I.8IP!K8J4-H'!A#E6!G,-!0D8#I ! QX#I. % \#4H-]D!&48E8.8X8D.!)8$#.8'I /L! 416"-"D/%(,A/0A$%E(51( F/%G0$'1"G(H'A$1*/(#'$(I"-A*/(,A/0A$% /!I'@!U!0STT?>/! ,..^D6__8X+@(8N@4'+,-D.-4@-H*_8IX-I.8IP % 28J4-H' % (#E % .,% ^#48D8#I % #X#I. % P#4H-D % ^48E8.8X8D. % J8$#.8'I_ @ !

PAGE 7

! g ! QCKZFJICTEZ]!TBLMKZEFT\!KLQ@KNN8!FBCDBF!QI!ZB]KQB!QMB!DKNEGEQ8!IJ!QMB!EGBZQEQ8!ETAIFBG! @AIZ!1K T[ d ) ! .Z!EQF!ANKLB\!QMEF!EZLICAICKQEIZ!IJ!K!TKFS!BTAMKFEaBF!MEF!F@AAIFBG! cACETEQEDBZBFFd!KF!ABCJICTKQEDB!KZG!EZK@QMBZQEL\!ZIQ!KZ!BFFBZQEKNEFQ!NEZS!QI!(JCELKZ! FL@NAQ@CB!H@Q!K!GBNEHBCKQB!KZG!TKNNBKHNB!AIFQ@CEZ][ ! "MEF! EZLICAICKQEIZ!IJ!K!TKFS!FBCDBF!QI! NEHBCKQB!MET FBNJ!JCIT!MEF!CBNB]KQEIZ!QI!QMB!ABCEAMBC8!IJ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!LECLNBF\!FEQ@KQEZ]! METFBNJ!ZIQ!P@FQ!KF!AKFFEDBN8!ACETEQEDB!H@Q!KF!KLQEDBN8!ACETEQEDEaEZ][! "M@F\!1KTbF!@FB!IJ!K! TKFS!FBCDBF!QI!FEQ@KQB!METFBNJ!EZ!GEKNI]@B!REQM!TIGBCZEFQ!TIGBF!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT!KZG!FBNJ 3 T@QKHENEQ8!EZ!CBKLQEIZ!QI!MEF!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!FEQ@KQEIZ!KF!K ! FQKQEL ! IHPBLQ!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT[ ! .Z!QMEF! RK8\!QMB!FBNJ 3 AICQCKEQ!LKZ!HB!CBKG!KF!K!TKZEJBFQKQEIZ!IJ!1KTbF!BZGBKDIC!IJ!QMB!"CIPKZ!MICFB \ ! F@ABCJELEKNN8!KZ!EZGELKQEIZ!IJ!K!ACETEQEDB!CBEJ8EZ]!MEF!AIFEQEIZ!KF! ACETEQEDB!RMENB!TICB! F@HDBCFEDBN8!K!FBNJ 3 AIFEQEIZEZ]!KF!KZ!KLQEDB!KZG!B_@KN!AKCQELEAKZQ!EZ!GEFLI@CFBF!IJ!TIGBCZEFQ! DEF@KNEQ8[ ! "MB! FBLIZG!FBNJ 3 AICQCKEQ ! EF!BZQEQNBG! <-.4 ? >@232/=3 $ A ! B<-.4 ? >@232/=3$=:$C=5@:@D$ JCIT! OV?f!KZG!GBAELQF!K!FBKQBG!1KT!EZ!KZ!EZQBCEIC!F AKLB!U2E]@CB! = Y[!9CBKQBG!G@CEZ]! QMB!KCQEFQbF! 8BKC!EZ!7KCLBNIZK\!1KTbF!EZLICAICKQEIZ!IJ!CE]EG! I@QNEZEZ] \! JNKQQBZEZ]!IJ!JICTF\! KZG! HCIKG! JEBNGF!IJ!A@CB!LINIC!FEQ@KQBF!QMB!RICS!REQMEZ!K!ABCEIG!IJ!MEF!IB@DCB!MBKDEN8!EZJN@BZLBG!H8! #BZCE! /KQEFFB[ * ! "MEF!EF!KNFI!BLMIBG!EZ!QMB! BTAMKFEF!IZ!F@TAQ@I@F!GBLICKQEDB!BNBTBZQF j!QMB! QKHNB!RMBCB!1KT!CBFQF!MEF!NBJQ!KCT!KZG!QMB!QB`QENB!EZ!QMB!HKLS]CI@ZG ! KCB!CBZGBCBG!REQM! RMETFELKN!KZG!LINICJ@N!]BITBQCEL!GBLICKQEIZF\!KZG!QMB!B`AKZFEDB!HN@B!RKNN!EZ!QMB! HKLS]CI@ZG!EF!GBLICKQBG!REQM!FETANEJEBG!ZKQ@CKN!JICTF!IJ!JNIRBCF!KZG!]CKFFBF[ ! 7@Q!RMKQ!EF! TICB\! 1KTbF!GIZZEZ]!IJ!K!SETIZI!EZ!QMEF!FBNJ 3 CBZGBCEZ]!FABKSF!QI! M EF!FBEaEZ]! IJ! $@CIABKZ! ! ' ! \4--./!F RIX-I.8IP!K8J4-H'!A#E6!G,-! 0D8#I!QX#I. % \#4H-]D!&48E8.8X8D.!)8$#.8'I @L ! ! ( ! C8ED/! !"#$%&'()*+(*1&(03%(410%$1*0"'1*/(56*10 7 8*$&% /!=@ !

PAGE 8

! f ! F8FQBTF ! IJ! L@NQ@CKN! KAACIACEKQEIZ ! EZ!QMB!LIZFQC@LQEIZ!IJ!MEF!ETK]B!KF!KZ!KCQEFQ!KZG!F@HPBLQ[! 1KTbF!EZLICAICKQEIZ!IJ!'KAKZBFB!TKQBCEKN!L@NQ@CB!KLQF!QI!CBFEFQ!QMB!QBZGBZL8!IJ!QMB!$@CIABKZ! KDKZQ 3 ]KCGBF!QI!CBG@LB!MEF! ABCFIZMIIG!QI!MEF!7N KLSZBFF ! k ! CKQMBC\!MB!AICQCK8F!METFBNJ!KF! LKAKHNB!IJ!HICCIREZ]!QMB!JICTKN!BNBTBZQF!IJ!K!L@NQ@CB!QI!RMELM!MB!GEG!ZIQ!HBNIZ]! EZ!ICGBC! QI! FEQ@KQB!METFBNJ!EZ!AKCKNNBN!QI!QMB!BFQKHNEFMBG!$@CIABKZ!JICTF!IJ!L@NQ@CKN!HICCIREZ] [ ! .Z! GIEZ]!FI\!1KT!FEQ@KQBF!METFBNJ!ZIQ!K F ! K Z ! (JCI 3 9@HKZ!TIGBCZEFQ ! IC!K!ACETEQEDB!TIGBCZEFQ \! H@Q!K!TIGBCZEFQ! 3@,3$+@,23 \!LKAKHNB!IJ!KZG!LITANELEQ!EZ!QMB!TIGBF!IJ!L@NQ@CKN!HICCIREZ]! KZG!KAACIACEKQEIZ!QMBCBIJ[ ! "MEF! LKAKHENEQ8!KZG! LITANELEQ8! KCB ! BDEGBZLBG!H8!1KTbF!LIZQEZ@BG!ABZLMKZQ!JIC! HIQM ! JICTKN!EZFAECKQEIZF!JCIT!KZG!LINNBLQEIZ!IJ!&LBKZEL!FL@NAQ@CBF[ ! (JQBC!QMB! )KaE! ILL@AKQEIZ! IJ!-KCEF!EZ!OVe>\!1KT!CBNILKQBG!QI!/KCFBENNB\!RMBCB!MB!ETTBCFBG!METFBNJ!EZ!K!TENEB@!IJ! *@CCBKNEFQ!KCQEFQF!KZG!AIBQF!KQ! QMB!0ENNK!7BN!(EC\!EZLN@GEZ]!7CBQIZ!KZG!-K@N!mN@KCG[ + ! #BCB\! QMB!*@CCBKNEFQ!JKFLEZKQEIZ!REQM!QMB!ABCLBEDBG!T8QMELKN!KZG! ZIZCKQEIZKN! BFFBZLB!IJ!&LBKZEL! KCQ!FBBTF!QI!MKDB!ABCTBKQBG!1KTbF!LINNBLQEZ]!MKHEQF!KZG!KCQEFQEL!EZJN@BZLBF[!1KT!HB]KZ!QI! LINNBLQ!&LBKZEL ! KZG!(JCELKZ!KCQ\!KTKFFEZ]!K!NKC]B!LINNBLQEIZ!H8!QMB!TEG 3 OVe>F[ !, ! "MEF! BZGBKDIC!NKFQBG!JIC!GBLKGBF\!LIZQEZ@EZ]!@ZQEN!1KTbF!GBKQM!EZ!OVX=[!.Z!MEF!MITB!EZ! (NHEFFINK\!.QKN8\!RMBCB!MB!NEDBG!JIC!KNTIFQ!QRI!GBLKGBF!QIRKCGF!QMB!BZG!IJ!MEF!NEJB\!1KT! F@CCI@ZGBG!MET FBNJ!REQM!KAACI`ETKQBN8!JEJQ8!FL@NAQ@CBF!IJ!HIQM!(JCELKZ!KZG!&LBKZEL! ICE]EZ[ !! ! .TK]BF! IJ!1KT!REQM!QMBFB!RICSF!F@CDEDB\!F@]]BFQEZ]!QMKQ!QMBFB!LINNBLQEZ]! ! ) ! A'2-4B!C.'5-D!C8ED/!FA#E]D! J%++%(,3%6*/ 6!QX#.#4!'J!Z-#*.B/L!8I! !"#$%&'()*+("1(K'$03(5+%$"G* /!-H@!O*4.8D!A@! O#4.-4!0"8(2#*5--6!"#4`*-..-!WI8X-4D8.B!&4 -DD/!STT<>/!SV@ ! ! !* ! A'2-4B!C.'5-D!C8ED/!F)4'E!O'I+-^.!.'!C.B(-6!A#E!#IH!,8D!\-'P4#^,B!'J!.,-!"#4X-('*D/L!8I! !"#$%&'()*+E( ,*0*/'CA%(L*"-'11M('#(03%(B*"10%&(!'$N9(I'/A+%(49(:;=O > :;P< /!-H@!A'*!A#*48I!A#E!0A#*D#II-6!Q+#.'D/!:;;=>/! :?=@ ! ! !! ! a-#I % A'*8D ! &#*H4#./!FZ8'P4#^,B/L!8I! Q3%(FR(FS3"D"0"'1E(!"#$%&'()*+ /!-H@!O#.,-48I-!b#X8H!0A'IH'I6!G#.-! &*N(8D,8IP/!ST:=>/!S:;@ !

PAGE 9

! X ! BZGBKDICF!RBCB!ZIQ!LIZQKEZBG!QI!QMB!ACEDKL8!IJ!MEF!GITBFQEL!FAMBCB\!H@Q!KLQEDBN8!ACITIQBG! QMCI@]M!AMIQI] CKAMF!QI!K!HCIKGBC!FILEKN!TENEB@[!2IC!B`KTANB\!EZ! K!OVfe!AMIQI]CKAM\!1KT! EF!LKAQ@CBG!FEQQEZ]!EZ! QMB!NEDEZ] ! CIIT!IJ!MEF!(NHEFFINK! MITB ! U2E]@CB! ? Y[ ! #EF!CBJNBLQEIZ!EZ!K! TECCIC!LKZ!HB!FBBZ!EZ!QMB!HIQQIT!NBJQ!IJ!QMB!ETK]B\!F@CCI@ZGBG!H8!KZ!KCCK8!IJ!(JCELKZ!KZG! &LBKZEL!FL@NAQ@CBF!KF!RBNN!KF!MEF!AKEZQEZ]F! (3$36-$":0$@4$36-$E=;63$ UOVgVY!KZG! 86-$ (F/.@+6/*$G/:+-$4@2$G6/5F/./H$36-$I@0$@4$J:=3K$ UOVf>Y[ ! (F ! F@]]BFQBG!H8! QM EF! P@`QKAIFEQEIZ! EZ!QMB!AMIQI]CKAM! IJ! RICSF! LINNBLQBG! H8! KZG! LCBKQBG! H8!1KT \! MB! HCI@]MQ!QMBFB! IHPBLQF! EZQI!MEF!LINNBLQEIZ!RMENB!MB!RKF!FET@NQKZBI@FN8! EZLICAICKQEZ]!QMBT!EZQI!MEF!AKEZQBG!RICSF[! %/:/L5/H$ K Z!IEN!AKEZQEZ]!JCIT!OVel\! GBTIZFQCKQBF!1KTbF!BKCN8!EZQBCBFQ!EZ!M@TKZ 3 KZETKN!M8HCEGEQ8!QMKQ!RI@NG!NKQBC!TKZEJBFQ!EZ! QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. ! U2E]@CB! e Y[! .Z! QMB!AKEZQEZ]\!KZ!KZQMCIAITICAMEL!JE]@CB!EF!GBAELQBG!EZ!RMKQ! CBFBTHNBF!K!QMCBB 3 _@KCQBC!DEBR[!"MB!JE]@CB!NIRBCF!EQF!MBKG\!TKSEZ]!DEFEHNB!K!AE] 3 NESB!FZI@Q[! (Z!BNKHICKQBN8!GBQKENBG!FBCEBF!IJ!HCKZLMBG!ACIQC@FEIZF!QKSB!QMB!ANKLB!IJ!QMB!JE]@CBbF!B8BFj! QMBFB!ACIQC @FEIZF!KCB!CBACIG@LBG!BNFBRMBCB\!BTKZKQEZ]!NKQBCKNN8!JCIT!HBMEZG!QMB!JE]@CB!KZG! BTBC]EZ]!KQIA!QMB!JE]@CBbF!MBKG\!KNTIFQ!JICTEZ]!K!LCBFQ[!"MEF!*@CCBKNEFQ!AICQCKEQ!EF!EGBZQEJEBG! KF!BTBC]EZ]!JCIT!1KTbF!LINNBLQEIZ!IJ!&LBKZEL!KCQ\!AKCQEL@NKCN8!JCIT!MEF!EZQBCBFQ ! EZ!TKFSF! LCBKQBG!EZ!QMB!*BAES!%EDBC!CB]EIZ!IJ!-KA@K!)BR!4@EZBK\! RMIFB!BNIZ]KQBG ! ZIFBF\!QKABCBG! @ZQEN!QMB8!KNTIFQ!CBFBTHNB!K!FAESB\! KCB!CBACIG@LBG!H8!1KT!EZ!MEF! %/:/L5/$ F@HPBLQ [ !$ ! &ZB! F@LM!TKFS!EF!FBBZ!EZ!K!OVfe!AMIQI]CKAM!IJ!1KT!AIFEZ]!REQMEZ!MEF!LINNBLQE IZ!EZ!MEF!MI@FB! EZ!(NHEFFINK!U2E]@CB!lY[ ! "I!QMB!CE]MQ!IJ!1KTbF!NBJQ!NB]\!QMB!KCQEFQ!MKF!ANKLBG!K!TKFS!EGBZQEJEBG! KF!K!7KMEZBTI!TKFS!JCIT!QMB ! BKFQ!IJ!QMB!*BAES!CB]EIZ!IJ!-KA@K!)BR!4@EZBK[ !% ! 1ESB!1KTbF! ! !" ! C8ED/!F)4'E!O'I+-^.!.'!C.B(-6!A#E!#IH!,8D!\-'P4#^,B!'J!.,-!"#4X-('*D/L!:?=@ ! ! !# ! &#*H4#./!FZ8'P4#^,B/L!S:V@!&#*H4#.!8H-I.8J8-D!.,-!D+*(^.*4-D ! 8I!#!J8P*4-!+#^.8'Ic!,'2-X-4/!,-!E8DD^-((D!.,-!I#E-!'J! .,-!+*(.*4-!'J!+4-#.8'I!#D!FZ#,8E-I'!dD8+eL!4#.,-4!.,#I!FZ#,8I-E'@L !

PAGE 10

! V ! %/:/L5/ ! AKEZQEZ]\!QMB ! TKFSbF!FAESB 3 NESB!ACIQC@FEIZ!QMKQ! ACIPBLQF!JCIT!QMB!QIA!IJ!QMB! MBKG! LIZQEZ@B!GIRZ!QI!JICT!K!FAEZ8!LCBFQ \!ENN@FQCKQEZ]!QMB!JICTKN!EZJN@BZLBF!QMKQ!*ETF!EGBZQEJEBF! KF!ICE]EZKQEZ]!JCIT!*BAES!FQKQ@KC8[ ! 5EQM!CBFABLQ!QI!QMEF!KLQEDB!LINNBLQEIZ!IJ!&LBKZEL!FL@NAQ@CBF!KZG!QMB!EZLICAICKQEIZ! IJ!QMB!JICTKN!BNBTBZQF!QMBCBIJ\!.!REFM!QI! LITANELKQB ! KZ!IJQ 3 CBABKQBG!LNKET!QMKQ!KAABKCF!EZ! QMB!FLMINKCN8!NEQBCKQ@CB!IZ!1KT\!RMELM!AIFEQEIZF!QMB!KCQEFQ ! EZ! JECT! CBFEFQKZLB!QI! LKZIZELKN! TIGBF!IJ!TIGBCZEFQ!ACETEQEDEFT[! 2IC!B`KTANB\!*ETF\!EZ!MBC!IQMBCREFB!KFQ@QB!KZG!EZFE]MQJ@N! CBKGEZ]F!IJ!1KT\! FEQ@KQBF! MET \!KNIZ]!REQM!)ICTKZ!1BREF!KZG!%ITKCB!7BKCGBZ\ ! EZ! GEKTBQCEL!IAAIFEQEIZ!QI!QMB!ACETEQEDEFT!IJ!QMB!RMEQB!$@CIABKZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGBF\ ! JI CTEZ]!K ! c FBLIZG!RKDB d ! IJ!ACETEQEDEFT!RMIFB!J@FEIZ!IJ!5BFQBCZ!TIGBCZEFQ!FQ8NBF!KZG!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ! JICTKN!BNBTBZQF!cCBJNBLQBG!QMBEC!TICB!ACIJI@ZG!KZG!K@QMBZQEL!@ZGBCFQKZGEZ]!IJ!QMB! TBKZEZ]!QMKQ!QMBFB!JICTF!MKG!JIC!QMBEC!KZLBFQICF[d !& ! .Z!GIEZ]!FI\!*ETF!LIZQBZGF!QMKQ!c1KT! RI@NG!HB!ZI!TBCB!KAACIACEKQIC!IJ!ACETEQEDB!FI@CLBF\!H@Q!KZ!K@QMBZQEL!A@CDB8IC!IJ!QMBEC! EZQCEZFEL!DKN@B[d !' ! (F!EF!BDEGBZLBG!H8!MEF!JKFLEZKQEIZ!JIC!&LBKZEL!RICSF\!1KT!GEG!ZIQ!NETEQ! METFBNJ!QI!IHPBLQF!LCBKQBG!H8!L@NQ@CBF! QI!RMELM!MB!MKG!K!GECBLQ!KZLBFQCKN!NEZS[! /KZ8!IJ!QMB! RICSF!EZ!MEF!LINNBLQEIZ!KZG!LIZFLEI@FZBFF!RBCB!EZQCIG@LBG!QI!MET!JCIT!5BFQBCZ! KCQEFQF!KZG! LINNBLQICF\!RICSF! BDEGBZQN8!ZIQ!REQMEZ! QMB ! CBKNT!IJ! MEF! KFF@TBG!K@QMBZQELEQ8[ ! #EF ! QBZGBZLEBF! KF!K!LINNBLQIC!KZG!K F!KZ!KCQEFQ!TETELSBG!QMIFB!IJ!MEF!TIGBCZEFQ!LI@ZQBCAKCQF\!HCEZ]EZ]!K! ]BI]CKAMEL!KZG!QBTAICKN!KCCK8 ! IJ!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ!KCQRICSF!@ZGBC! MEF!A@CDEBR [ ! ! "MEF!L@CKQBG!LINNBLQEIZ!KZG!EZQBZQEIZKN!EZLICAICKQEIZ!IJ!&LBKZEL!FL@NAQ@CKN!JICTF! FMI@NG!LK@QEIZ!FLMINKCF!K]KEZFQ ! AIFEQEIZEZ]!QMB!Z@KZLBG!TKZEJBFQKQEIZF!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT!EZ! ! !$ ! C8ED/!FG,-!&'D. % "'H-4I!"'H-4I8DE!'J!K8J4-H'!A#E/L!;<@ ! ! !% ! C8ED/!F)4'E!O'I+-^.!.'!C.B(-6!A#E!#IH!,8D!\-'P4#^,B!'J!.,-!"#4X-('*D/L!:: V@ !

PAGE 11

! O> ! 1KTbF!IB@DCB!EZ!GECBLQ!IAAIFEQEIZ!QI!ACETEQEDEFT!EZ!QMB!IB@DCBF!IJ!$@CIABKZ!TIGBCZEFQF[! .Z!MEF!L@CKQICEKN!KZG!LCBKQEDB!A@CF@EQF\!EQ!EF!LNBKC!QMKQ!1KT! METFBNJ! GEG!ZIQ!AIFEQEIZ! MEF!RICSF ! KF!F@LM [ ! %KQM BC\! 1KT!FEQ@KQBG!METFBNJ!KF!K Z ! MBEC!QI!QMEF!QCKGEQEIZ [ ! #B!EZQBZQEIZKNN8!LINNBLQBG! KCQRICSF!JCIT!K!DKCEBQ8!IJ!L@NQ@CBF\!QMBCBH8!CBFEFQEZ]!QMB!ETANELEQ!CBG@LQEIZ!IJ!MEF!EGBZQEQ8 ! k ! HIQM!BQMZEL!KZG!KCQEFQEL ! k ! QI!KZ!BFFBZQEKNEFQ!(JCELKZ!ICE]EZ[!#B!CBACIG@LBG!TIGBF!IJ! KCQEFQEL! LINNBLQEZ]!KZG! LCBKQEIZ! REQM!ACBLBGBZQF!EZ ! BKCNEBC!RKDBF!IJ!TIGBCZEFQ!BQMZI]CKAMEL! KL_@EFEQEIZ!KZG!ACETEQEDEFQ!EZFAECKQEIZ[!.Z!GIEZ]!FI\!1KT!HIQM!CBEJEBG! /:0 ! CBFEFQBG!QMB! TIGBCZEFQ!ACBF@TAQEIZ!IJ!MEF! ACETEQEDBZBFF \!@FEZ]!ACETEQEDEFT!KF!K!TBKZF!QI!AIFEQEIZ! METFBNJ!KF!TIGBCZEFQ[ ! "MB!F@LLBFF!IJ!QMEF! F@HDBCFEDB!FBNJ 3 AIFEQEIZEZ]!EF!BDEGBZQ!EZ!1KTbF!JECFQ!FINI!FMIR! EZ!OVe=!KQ!QMB!-EBCCB!/KQEFFB!4KNNBC8!EZ!)BR!:ICS[!"MB!B`MEHEQEIZ!RKF!JKLENEQKQBG!H8!-EBCCB! 1IBH\!QMB!ACITEZBZQ!-KCEFEKZ!KCQ!GBKNBC!KZG!]KNNBCEFQ! RMI!IABCKQBG!EZ!QMB!*@CCBKNEFQ!TENEB@[! "MEF!FE QEZ]!IJ!1KTbF!B`MEHEQEIZ!EZ!K!TKPIC!(TBCELKZ!]KNNBC8!JI@ZGBG!H8!QMB!FIZ!IJ!#BZCE! /KQEFFB!KZG!JKLENEQKQBG!REQM!QMB!F@AAICQ!IJ!K!ACITEZBZQ!JE]@CB!EZ!QMB!$@CIABKZ!KCQ!TKCSBQ! KNCBKG8!F@]]BFQ F ! QMB!ACI]CBFF!IJ!1KTbF!TBQKAMICELKN!"CIPKZ!MICFB[!7@Q!1IBHbF!A@HNELKQ EIZ! CB]KCGEZ]!QMB!B`MEHEQEIZ!EZ!K!OVe?!EFF@B!IJ! 82@M=N,-*$ FABLEJELKNN8! EZGELKQBF! MIR! ACETEQEDEFT!J@ZLQEIZBG!EZ!QMEF ! FMEJQEZ]!AIFEQEIZEZ]!IJ!1KT!REQMEZ! KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB! @ZGBCFQKZGEZ]F [ ! 1IBH! GBQKENF ! QMB!KCQEFQ b F!LINNBLQEIZ!IJ!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ! FL@NAQ@ CBF\ ! GBFLCEHEZ]! 1KT!KF ! c F@CCI@ZGBG! H8! 2KZ] ! FL@NAQ@CBF!IJ! BTHBNN EFMBG! FS@NNF\! TKFS F!JCIT!QMB!.DIC8!9I KFQ\! QCBB!JBCZF!JCIT!QMB!)BR!#BHCEGBF\!FL@NAQBG!JNIKQF!JCIT!-KA@K!)BR!4@EZBK\! nKZGo! G BFINKQB! JBQEFMBF!JCIT!$KFQBC!.FNKZG \ d ! EZQCE]@BG ! c H8 ! QMB! ANKFQEL!HBK@Q8!IJ!FITB\!H8!QMB!EZDBZQE IZ ! K ZG! FQCKZ]B ! T8FQBC 8!IJ!IQMBCF [ d !( ! + KRZ! (GpF ! KZKN8aBF!QMEF\!KC]@EZ]!QMKQ!1IBH ! cNILKQBF!1KTbF! ! !& ! &8-44-!A'-N/! F K 8J4-H'!A#E / L ! Q$'."TA%/ ( I'@!= [ < ! 0:;f?>6!=: @ ! !

PAGE 12

! OO ! RICS!EZ!QMB!LIZQ B`Q!IJ!QMB!NIZ]!KJJKEC!IJ!QMB ! TIGBCZ!KCQEFQF!REQM!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ!KCQ\! TBZQEIZEZ]!K!GKaaNEZ]!CKZ]B!IJ!RICSF!REQM!RMELM!MB!MKG!F@CCI@ZGBG!METFBNJ!EZ!-KCEF [d !) ! "MB!AIFEQEIZEZ]!IJ!1KT!KF!K!TIGBCZ!KCQEFQ\!FKZF!_@KNEJEBC\!EZGELKQBF!1KTbF!QCKZFEQEIZ!EZ!QMB! ABCLBAQEIZ!IJ!QMB!-KCEFEKZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB ! k ! KZG!TICB!CBNBDKZQN8\!MIR!1KTbF!ACETEQEDEFT! LIZQCEH@QBG!QI!QMEF!QCKZFEQEIZ [!%KQMBC!QMKZ! LIZFQCELQEZ]!MEF!EZQBCKLQEIZ!REQM!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ!KCQ! QI!MEF!ABCLBEDBG!KZLBFQCKN!NEZS!QI!(JCELKZ!FL@NAQ@CB\!1IBH!EZFQBKG!BTAMKFEaBF!QMB! ]BI]CKAMEL!KZG!L@NQ@CKN!B`QBZQ!IJ!MEF!LINNBLQEIZ\!EZLN@GEZ]!ZIQ!P@FQ!5BFQ!(JCELKZ!FL@NAQ@CB! H@Q!&LBKZEL!FL@NAQ@CB[! (ZG!EZ!GI EZ]!FI\!1KT!EF!]CKZQBG!KLLBFF!QI!QMB! NB]KL8!IJ! $@CIABKZ! TIGBCZEFT!KZG! EQF! LMKCKLQBCEaKQEIZ!IJ!K!TIGBCZ!KCQEFQ[! .Z!QMEF!RK8\!1KTbF!BZQC8!EZQI!QMB! LBZQBC!IJ!QMB!$@CIABKZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!LI@NG!HB!FBBZ!KF! KLLITANEFMBG\!QMB!"CIPKZ!MICFB! TKZB@DBC!F@LLBFFJ@N[ ! ! 93#1,, .*:!%;1!4&.3.%.51!<.%;.*!4&.3.%.5.$3 ! #KDEZ]!B`ANELKQBG!QMB!ZBLBFFEQKQEIZ!KZG!B`BL@QEIZ!IJ!1KTbF!TIGBCZEFQ!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ]\!.!ZIR!Q@CZ!QI!@ZAKLSEZ]!QMB!FQKSBF!IJ!QMEF!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ] ! k ! QMKQ!EF\!MKDEZ]! EZJENQCKQBG!QMB!TBQKAMICEL!LEQKGBN!IJ!TIGBCZEFT\!RMKQ!GEG! 1KTbF!"CIPKZ!MICFB!@ZNBKFMq! .Z! MEF!AKEZQEZ]F!IJ!QMB!NKQB!OVe>F\!K!CBL@CCEZ]!JE]@CB!J@FEZ]! QMB!JBTEZEZB ! KZG! QMB!B_@EZB! HB]EZF! QI!ABCTBKQB!1KTbF!KCQEFQEL!ACIG@LQEIZ[! .!LIZQBZG!QMKQ!QMEF!JE]@CB\!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. ! IC! RITKZ 3 MICFB\!EF!IZB!IJ!QMB!TIFQ!DEFEHNB!BNBT BZQF!EZ!1KTbF!IB@DCB!IJ!QMEF!M8HCEGEQ8 ! k ! ZIQ! TBCBN8 ! K!M8HCEGEQ8!IJ!M@TKZ!KZG!KZETKN!H@Q!K!M8HCEGEQ8!IJ!QMB!JICT!IJ!$@CIABKZ!TIGBCZEFQ! ACETEQEDEFT!REQM!QMB!F8THINEL!LIZQBZQ!IJ!KZ!ETTBGEKQB!(JCI 3 9KCEHHBKZ!TIGBCZEQ8 [ ! ! !' ! b#2I! QHgD /!FK8J4-H'!A#E!#IH!C*44-#(8DE/L!8I! !"#$%&'()*+("1(K'$03(5+%$"G* /!-H@ ! O*4.8D!A@!O#4.-4!0"8(2#*5--6! "#4`*-..-!WI8X-4D8.B!&4-D D/ ! STT<>/!f:@ !

PAGE 13

! O= ! ! 9MKCKLQBCEaBG!H8!1IRBC8!*QISBF!*ETF!KF!QMB!cQMBTKQEL!LICZBCFQIZBd!IJ!1KTbF! RICS\!QMB!JE]@CB!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/.$ EF!JCB_@BZQN8!CBKG!KF!K!TKZEJBFQKQEIZ!IJ!1KTbF! LMENGMIIG!ACI`ETEQ8!QI!QMB!(JCI 3 9@HKZ!CBNE]EIZ!IJ! */:3-2O/ [ !* ! 9NIFBN8!CBNKQBG!QI!#KEQEKZ! '@0@, \! 1 KT!RKF!CKEFBG!REQM!KZ!EZQETKQB!@ZGBCFQKZGEZ]!IJ!QMB!CBNE]EIZ!JICTBG!JCIT!QMB! F8ZLCBQEFT!IJ!QMB!:IC@HK!CBNE]EIZ!IJ! A*-*-$ REQM!%ITKZ!9KQMINELEFT j ! MEF! ]IGTIQMBC ! /KZQIZELK!5ENFIZ!RKF!K! */:3-2O/$ ACEBFQBFF[ !+ ! *LMINKCN8!CBKGEZ]F!IJ!1KTbF! 4-55-$+6-7/.$ ETK]BC8! JCB_ @BZQN8!EZQBCACBQ!EQ!KF!K!DEF@KN!TKZEJBFQKQEIZ!IJ! */:3-2O/$ ACKLQELB!KZG! LIFTINI]8[!6IHBZK!/BCLBCbF! CBKGEZ]!B`BTANEJEBF!QMEF!EZQBCACBQKQEIZ, ! c"MB! 4-55? +6-7/.$ BDISBF!QMB!TITBZQ!IJ!TBQKTICAMIFEF!EZ!QCKZLB!AIFFBFFEIZ!FQKQBF\!RMBZ!QMB!GBEQ8! F@TTIZBG!JICQM!H8!QM B!GBDIQBB!EF!FKEG!QI!TI@ZQ!KZG!CEGB!QMB!RICFMEAABC!NESB!K!MICFB[d $, ! ! #IRBDBC\!QMEF!CBKGEZ]!BNEGBF! KZIQMBC ! LIZQCEH@QEIZ ! QI!1KTbF!LCBKQEIZ!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$ +6-7/. $ P $ K!7KI @ N^! MICFB 3 MBKGBG! TKFS!AKCQ!IJ!-ELKFFIbF!LINNBLQEIZ! QMKQ!RKF! FMIRZ!QI!1KT! @AIZ!MEF! KCCEDKN!EZ!-KCEF[!*ETF!GBFLCEHBF!QMEF!BZLI@ZQBC!KF!cACIAMBQELKNN8d!EZJN@BZLEZ]!MEF! EZDBZQEIZ!IJ!QMB!MICFB 3 RITKZ!M8HCEG[ $! ! 'BKZ 3 1I@EF!-K@GCKQbF!HEI]CKAM8!IJ!1KT!EZLN@GBG! EZ!KZ!B`MEHEQEIZ!LKQKNI]@B!JIC!QMB!QCKDBNEZ]!FMIR! 86-$"Q$"R6=F=3=@: S$T=42-0@$)/5 ! KNFI!Q EBF! QMEF!TKFS!QI ! QMB!BTBC]EZ]!JE]@CB!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/.$ EZ!1KTbF!RICS[ $$ ! "MEF!DBC8!FL@NAQ@CB! RKF!EZ!JKLQ!QMB!IHPBLQ!1KT!RKF!KQQCKLQBG!QI! @AIZ! MEF!JECFQ!BZLI@ZQBC!REQM!-ELKFFI\!QMB! FL@NAQ@CB!RMELM!1KT!RKF!BZLI@CK]BG!QI!HB!ACI@G! IJ! HBLK@FB!IJ!MEF! KZLBFQCKN! LIZZBLQEIZ! ! !( ! C8ED/!FG,-!&'D. % "'H-4I!"'H-4I8DE!'J!K8J4-H'!A#E/L!VV@ ! ! !) ! a*(8#!&@!h-49N-4P/!F7-4-#H8IP!A#E/L!8I! @*10%$U*(5%-03%0"G-("1(,'10%+.'$*$V()*0"1(5+%$"G*1(5$0 /!-H@!Q4.*4'! A8IHD#B!0 K#D,8IP.'I6!CE8.,D'I8#I!RID.8.*.8'I!&4-DD/!:;;=>/!:UT [ :U:@ ! ! "* ! M'N-I#!"-4+-4/!FK8J4-H'!A#E]D!QJ4' % Q.(#I.8+!7'*.-D/L!8I! Q3%(FR(FS3"D"0"'1E(!"# $%&'()*+ /!-H@!O#.,-48I-!b#X8H! 0A'IH'I6!G#.-!&*N(8D,8IP/!ST:=>/!SU@ ! ! "! ! C8ED/! !"#$%&'()*+(*1&(03%(410%$1*0"'1*/(56*10 7 \#4H/! = @ ! ! "" ! &#*H4#./!FZ8'P4#^,B/L!STU@ !

PAGE 14

! O? ! QI!EQF!7KI@N^!LCBKQICF[ ! "M@F\!QMEF!EZJN@BZQEKN!BZLI@ZQBC!REQM!5BFQ!(JCELKZ!FL@NAQ@CB!RKF! EZEQEKQBG!KZG! ZB]IQEKQBG ! ZIQ!P@FQ!H8!-ELKFFI\!H@Q! H8! K!FBCEBF!IJ!5BFQBCZ!LINNBLQICF\! KF!QMB! TKFS!RKF!KNFI!IZLB ! AKCQ!IJ!QMB!LINNBLQEIZF!IJ!7CBQIZ!KZG! QMB! *RE FF!KCQ!GBKNBC!'KZ!6C@]EBC [ ! .Z!QMEF!RK8\!CKQMBC!QMKZ!QMB!ACBF@TBG!K@QMBZQELEQ8!CBKG!H8!FLMINKCF\!1KTbF!JKFLEZKQEIZ!REQM! QMB!7KI@N^!TKFS!EF!IZB!EZFQKZLB!IJ!K!FBCEBF!IJ!F@LLBFFEDB! TIGBCZEFQ! JKFLEZKQEIZF ! H8!DKCEI@F! EZGEDEG@KNF \!ZIZB!IJ!RMIT!MKG!K!GECBLQ!KZLBFQ CKN!LIZZBLQEIZ!QI!QMB!L@NQ@CB!QMKQ!LCBKQBG!EQ,! GBFAEQB!QMB!BFFBZQEKNEFQ!NEZS!EZQ@EQBG!H8!-ELKFFI\!1KTbF!TIQMBC!RKF!:IC@HK\!ZIQ!7KI@N^[ ! ! (GGEQEIZKNN8\!BKCN8!JICTF!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/.$ RBCB!JECTN8!CIIQBG!EZ!*@CCBKNEFQ! EZQBCBFQF!EZ!QMB!@ZLIZFLEI@F!KZG!QMB!M8HC EG[!+@CEZ]!MEF!FQK8!EZ!/KCFBENNB!KQ!7CBQIZbF!0ENNK! 7BN!(EC\!1KT!JCB_@BZQN8!AKCQELEAKQBG!EZ!LINNBLQEDB!LINNKHICKQEIZ!IZ!QMB! +/0/72-$ -RN,=* $ UB`_@EFEQB!LICAFBY [!*ETF!QEBF!QMEF!KLQEDEQ8!QI!QMB!BTBC]BZLB!EZ!1KTbF!NKQBC!RICSF!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. \!K!JE]@CB!RMELM! FMB!KC]@BF!cLKZ!HB!FBBZ!KF!KZ!KDKQKC!IJ!QMB!*@CCBKNEFQ!LITHEZB! IJ!QMB!M@TKZ!KZG!QMB!KZETKN ! k ! QMB!TEZIQK@C[d $% !! "M@F\!HIQM!*@CCBKNEFQ!KZG!ACETEQEDEFQ! KBFQMBQELF!MKG!K!JICTKQEIZKN!ETAKLQ!IZ!1KTbF!LCBKQEIZ!IJ!QMB!JE]@CB!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. \! IABCKQEZ]!EZ!QKZGBT!REQM!MEF!GBFECB!QI!B`ACBFF!QMB!FAECEQ!IJ!MEF!(JCI 3 9@HKZ!MBCEQK]B[! *KTKZQMK!)IrN! GEFQENNF!QMEF!LIZJN@BZLB \!FQKQEZ]!QMKQ!c QMBCB ! EF!ZI!GBZ8EZ]!QMKQ!1KTbF!GBFECB! QI!LIZZBLQ!REQM!MEF!(JCELKZ!CIIQF!EF!ACIHNBTKQEL!FEZLB!MEF!B`ABCEBZLB!IJ!(JC ELKZEQ8!EF! TBGEKQBG!H8!5BFQBCZ!L@NQ@CB \ d ! H@Q! CBKJJECTEZ]!QM KQ!QM B!IABCKQEIZ!IJ!QMBFB!FL@NAQ@CBF! LIZQCEH@QBG ! QI!1KTbF!LIZFQC@LQEIZ!IJ!K!7NKLS!9KCEHHBKZ!TIGBCZEQ8[ $& ! ! "MB ! MBKD8! BTAMKFEF!REQMEZ! LCEQELKN!GEFLI@CFB! IZ! QMB!BNBTBZQF!IJ!(JCI 3 9KCEHHBKZ! F8ZLCBQEL!CB NE]EIZ! QM@F! ]NIFFBF!IDBC!K!LC@LEKN!LITAIZBZQ!IJ!QMB!JICTKN!TKZEJBFQKQEIZ!IJ!QMB! ! "# ! C8ED/!FA#E]D! J%++%(,3%6*/ 6!QX#.#4!'J!Z-#*.B/L!SV@ ! ! "$ ! C#E#I.,#!Q@!1'i(/!FZ4#9-I(B!QX#I. % \#4H-6!K8J4-H'!A#E]D!G4#IDJ'4E#.8'I!'J!O*N#]D!G4'^8+#(!G-44#8I/L!8I! Q$'."G*/(5%-03%0"G-('#(W/*GN(2'&%$1"-+ ! 0b*4,#E /!1O 6!b*5-!WI8X-4D8.B!&4-DD/!STS:>/! =U@ !

PAGE 15

! Oe ! 4-55-$+6-7/. [! 7@Q ! QMEF! LCEQELKN!JE`KQEIZ!IZ!QMB!(JCI 3 9KCEHHBKZ!CIIQF!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. ! ACIDEGBF!KZIQMBC!GBTIZFQCKQEIZ!IJ!QMB!B`QBZQ!IJ!QMB!EZDKFEDB!BZGBKDIC!IJ!1KTbF!"CIPKZ! M ICFB[!2@FEZ]!KFABLQF!IJ!(JCELKZ!FL@NAQ@CB!FBBZ!QMCI@]M!QMB!NBZF!IJ!K!LKZIZELKN!$@CIABKZ! ACETEQEDEFQ!REQM!BNBTBZQF!IJ!F8ZLCBQEL!CBNE]EIZ!]CI@ZGBG!JECTN8!EZ!K!AIFQ 3 LINIZEKN!(JCI 3 9KCEHHBKZ ! TIGBCZEQ8 \!1KTbF! 4-55-$+6-7/.$ BAEQITEaBF!QMB!JICT!IJ!QMEF!TBQKAMICELKN ! "CIPKZ! MICFB[! "MB!DBC8 ! BNEFEIZ! REQMEZ!LCEQELKN!GEFLI@CFB! IJ! QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. bF ! ACETEQEDEFQ!ICE]EZF! RMENB!BTAMKFEaEZ]!EQF!CIIQF!EZ!QMB!LIZQBTAICKC8!7NKLS!GEKFAICK!GBTIZFQCKQBF!QMB!BJJELKL8! IJ! 1KTbF!T@QKHENEQ8!IJ!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ ] ! k ! 1KT!BZLIGBG!QMEF!F8THINEFT!REQMEZ!K!TKQCE`!IJ! *@CCBKNEFQ!KZG! ACETEQEDEFQ!DEF@KNEQ8\! 8BQ!QMBFB!JICTKN!ICE]EZF ! MKDB!]IZB!NKC]BN8! @ZKLSZIRNBG]BG!EZ!LIZQBTAICKC8!@ZGBCFQKZGEZ]F!IJ!QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. [ ! ! "MEF!F@HDBCFEDB!ACETEQEDEFQ!DEF@KNEQ8!EF!JEQQEZ]N8!ACBFBZQ!EZ!1KTbF!TIFQ!JKTI@F! RICS\! 86-$9,:;.! U2E]@CB! g Y[ ! 9CBKQBG!FIIZ!KJQBC!MEF!CBQ@CZ!QI!9@HK!JCIT!-KCEF\!QMB! RICS! C BACBFBZQF!1KTbF!BZGBKDIC!QI!cAKEZQ!QMB!GCKTK!IJ!T8!LI@ZQC8[d $' ! *BQ!KTEGFQ!K!LITACBFFBG! HKLS]CI@ZG!A@ZLQ@KQBG!H8!QMB!DBCQELKNEQ8!IJ!F@]KCLKZB!FQKNSF\!JI@C!JE]@CBF!BTBC]B!JCIT!QMB! P@Z]NB!IJ!QMB!JEBNG[!"MBEC!HIGEBF!KCB!KTKN]KTKQEIZF!IJ!LCBFLBZQ 3 FMKABG!JKLBFj! cAKAK8K 3 NESB! HCBKFQFjd!H@NHI@F!CBKC!BZGFj!KZG!FNBZGBC\!BNIZ]KQBG!KCTF!QMKQ! HN@C!EZQI!QMB!BZDECIZTBZQ!IJ! QMB!F@]KCLKZB[ $( ! "MBFB!KZKQITELKN!B`K]]BCKQEIZF!FBCDB!QI!FB`@KNEaB!QMB!JBTKNB!JE]@CBF!EZ! QMB!AKEZQEZ]j!QMB!CE]MQ 3 TIFQ!JE]@CB!EF!GBFLCEHBG!H8!1KT!KF!cACIJJBCEZ]!EQF!C@TA\!IHFLBZB!KF! K!RMICB[d $) ! "MBEC!TKFS 3 NESB!JKLBF!KZG!IDBCQN8!FB`@KNEaBG!KZKQITELKN!JBKQ@CBF!FBCDB!QI! KAABK N!QI!K!$@CIABKZ!TIGBCZEFQ!B8B\!RICSEZ]!EZ!JKTENEKC!TIGBF!IJ!QMB!KAACIACEKQEIZ!IJ!QMB! ! "% ! )'*+,-./! !"#$%&'()*+ /!?:@ ! ! "& ! "-4+-4/!FK8J4-H'!A#E]D!QJ4' % Q.(#I.8+ ! 7'*.-D/L!?T@ ! ! "' ! )'*+,-./! !"#$%&'()*+ /! :VV@ !

PAGE 16

! Ol ! JICTKN!JBKQ@CBF!IJ!(JCELKZ!TKFSF!KZG!QMB!FB`@KNEaKQEIZ!IJ!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ!RITBZ[!"M@F\!QMB! AKEZQEZ]!MKF!GECBLQ!JICTKN!NEZSF!QI!B`EFQEZ]!QKFQBF!IJ! $@CIABKZ ! LCBKQICF!KZG!LIZF@TB CF!IJ! KCQ [ ! 9ITANBQBG!EZ!OVe?\!QMB!AKEZQEZ]!RKF!FIIZ! GEFANK8BG!EZ!K!TIZI]CKAMEL!B`MEHEQEIZ!KQ!QMB! -EBCCB!/KQEFFB!4KNNBC8 ! EZ!OVee! KZG!A@CLMKFBG!H8!"MB!/@FB@T!IJ!/IGBCZ!(CQ!U/I/(Y ! EZ! OVel [ $* ! .QF!MEFQIC8!IJ!GEFANK8!CBDBKNF!QMKQ!QMEF!ACETEQEDEFQ!QBZGBZL8!RKF!BT AMKFEaBG!EZ!QMBFB! B`MEHEQF[!2IC!B`KTANB\!EZ!QMB!OVee!TIZI]CKAM!KQ!-EBCCB!/KQEFFB!4KNNBC8\! 86-$9,:;.-$ RKF! M@Z]!IAAIFEQB!K!7KI@N^!TKFS!FETENKC!QI!QMB!RICS!EZ!-ELKFFIbF!LINNBLQEIZ!U2E]@CB!fY[ ! ! (ZG!NESB! QMB! 4-55-$+6-7/. \! QMEF ! TKQCE`!IJ!L@HEFQ!KZG!ACETEQEDEFQ!K BFQMBQELF ! EF!ETH@BG! REQM!KZ!(JCI 3 9@HKZ!ABCFABLQEDB \!B`ACBFFEZ]!KZ!ETTBGEKQB!TIGBCZEQ8!HKFBG!EZ!QMB! 9KCEHHBKZ[!"MEF!QBZFEIZ!EF!JECFQ!BZLI@ZQBCBG!EZ!QMB!DBC8!QEQNB!IJ!QMB!AKEZQEZ][!(F!1KT!MKF! KLSZIRNBG]BG\!9@HKbF!BLIF8FQBTF!GI!ZIQ!EZLN@GB!QMB!BLINI]ELKN!GBJE ZEQEIZ!IJ!K!P@Z]NB ! k ! QMB!9@HKZ!NKZGFLKAB!EF!LITAIFBG!IJ!DKCEI@F!MKHEQKQF!IJ!RIIGF!KZG!MENNF\!H@Q!ZIQ!P@Z]NB[! "M@F\! QMB! QEQNEZ]! IJ! QMB!RICS ! KF ! 86-$9,:;.-$ BTAMKFEaBF!QMB!ABCJICTKQEDEQ8!IJ! QMB!AKEZQEZ]! JIC!K!5BFQBCZ!B8B[!.Q!GIBF!ZIQ!CBJNBLQ!QMB!CBKNEQ8!IJ!QMB!C@CKN!9@HKZ!NKZGFLKAB\!H@Q!CKQMBC! B`ANIEQF!KZG!CBEZJICLBF!QMB!ACBLIZLBAQEIZF!KZG!FQBCBIQ8ABF!EZ!QMB!5BFQ[!.Q!BTAMKFEaBF!QMB! QCIAELKN!KZG!RENG!ZKQ@CB!IJ!QMB!9@HKZ!NKZGFLKAB\!EZ!IAAIFEQEI Z!QI!QMB!ICGBC!KZG! GEFLEANEZB! IJ!QMB!$@CIABKZ!IZB ! k ! QMB!9KCEHHBKZ!P@Z]NB!KF!QMB!KZQEQMBFEF!QI!QMB!$@CIABKZ!RIIGF[!.Z! GIEZ]!FI\!)IrN!KC]@BF!QMKQ!QMEF!FKQECELKN!FBEaEZ]!IJ!QMB!5BFQBCZ!ACBLIZLBAQEIZ!IJ!QMB!QCIAELKN! P@Z]NB!FBCDBF!cQI!DEF@KNN8!LIZDB8!K!FILEIBLIZI TEL!ACBGELKTBZQ!IJ!7NKLS!9@HKZF!QMKQ!RKF! QMB!CBF@NQ!IJ!5BFQBCZ!EZFQEQ@QEIZF!IJ!FNKDBC8!KZG!LINIZEKNEFT[d $+ ! "MEF!FILEIBLIZITEL! ACBGELKTBZQ!EF!B`BTANEJEBG!H8!QMB!CBKNEQ8!IJ!1KTbF!F@AAIFBG!P@Z]NB , ! ZIQ!KZ!@ZQKTBG! ! "( ! &#*H4#./!FZ8'P4#^,B/L!STV % ST;@ ! ! ") ! 1'i(/!FZ4#9-I(B!QX#I. % \#4H-6!K8J4-H'!A#E]D!G4#IDJ'4E#.8'I!'J!O*N#]D!G4'^8+#(!G-44#8I/L!<<@ ! !

PAGE 17

! Og ! CKEZJICBFQ!H@Q!EZFQBKG!K!JEBNG!IJ!F@]KCLKZB[!;Z NESB!QIHKLLI\!K!LCIA!ZKQEDB!QI!QMB!EFNKZG\! F@]KCLKZB!RKF!KZ!E TAICQBG!LCIA!EZQCIG@LBG!H8!$@CIABKZ!LINIZEaBCF[!"M@F\!QMB! P@`QKAIFEQEIZ!IJ!7NKLS!HIGEBF!K]KEZFQ!K!HKLSGCIA!IJ!K!JEBNG!IJ!F@]KCLKZB!BTAMKFEaBF! QMB! FILEIBLIZITEL!CBKNEQ8!IJ!LINIZEKN!KZG!AIFQ 3 LINIZE KN!9@HK ! k ! KZ!K]CEL@NQ@CKN!BLIZIT8!QEBG! EZB`QCELKHN8!QI!K!QCKZFLIZQEZBZQKN!$@CIABKZ!LKAEQKNEFQ!F8FQBT[!1KT!LKNNF!JIC!K!FBDBCEZ]!IJ! QMEF!QEB\!TKGB!B`ANELEQ!H8!QMB!CE]MQ 3 TIFQ!JE]@CB!MINGEZ]!K!AKEC!IJ!FLEFFICF[!.Z!QMEF!RK8\! QMB! JICTKN!CBJBCBZLBF!EZ! 86-$9,:;.-$ QI ! TIGBCZEFQ!ACETEQEDEFT!KZG ! -ELKFFIbF ! )-*$G-5@=*-..-*$ 0U(7=;:@: ! HBNEB!K!TICB!F@HDBCFEDB!EZQBZQ!LIZLCBQBN8!]CI@ZGBG!EZ!AIFQ 3 LINIZEKN!CKLEKN!KZG! BLIZITEL!G8ZKTELF!HBQRBBZ!$@CIAB!KZG!EQF!JICTBC!LINIZEBF[ ! ! ! .Q!EF!REQM!QMEF!@ZGBCFQKZGEZ]!QMKQ!.!REFM!QI!CBQ@CZ!QI ! *ETbF!KFFBCQEIZ!QMKQ!1KT! AKCQELEAKQBF!REQMEZ!K!FBLIZG!RKDB!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT[!5MENB!MEF!EZLICAICKQEIZ!IJ!ACETEQEDEFQ! KBFQMBQELF!RBCB! TIQEDKQBG!H8!GEJJBCBZQ!FILEIAINEQELKN!LIZLBCZF!QMKZ!QMB ! $@CIABKZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGBF\!1KTbF!LINNBLQEIZ!IJ!KZG!JICTKN!EZFAECKQEIZ!JCI T!(JCELKZ!KZG!&LBKZEL!FL@NAQ@CBF!GI! ZIQ!LIZFQEQ@QB!K!c TICB!ACIJI@ZG!KZG!K@QMBZQEL!@ZGBCFQKZGEZ]!IJ!QMB!TBKZEZ]!QMKQ!QMBFB! JICTF!MKG!JIC! nMEFo ! KZLBFQICF [d %, ! %KQMBC!QMKZ!B`ACBFFEZ]!K!LITACBMBZFEIZ!IJ! ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ! FL@NAQ@CB!EZ!QMB!B8BF!IJ!QMBEC! ICE]EZKN!LCBKQICF \! 1KTbF!EZLICAICKQEIZ!IJ!QMBEC ! JICTKN! LMKCKLQBCEFQELF! FBCDBG! QI!B`ACBFF! QMB!LIZQBTAICKC8!FQKQB!IJ!K!TIGBCZ!LEQEaBZ!IJ!K!F8ZLCBQEL\! AIFQ 3 LINIZEKN!9KCEHHBKZ!FQKQB[!"MEF!CINB!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT!LKZ!HB!J@CQMBC!BNKHICKQBG! REQM! CBFABLQ!QI!'IMZ!:K@bF ! LCEQE_@B!IJ!/I/(bF!MEFQICELKN!ANKLBTBZQ!IJ!KZG!A@HNELKQEIZF! CB]KCGEZ]! 86-$9,:;.[!:K@!ME]MNE]MQF!$DKZ!/K@CBCbF!BDKN@KQEIZ!IJ!QMB!AKEZQEZ]!KF! BTHNBTKQEL!IJ!1KTbF!cGBHQ!QI!-ELKFFI[d %! ! .ZFQBKG!IJ!KLQEZ]!KF!KZ!@ZB_@EDILKN!MITK]B!QI! ! #* ! C8ED/!FG,-!&'D. % "'H-4I!"'H-4I8DE!'J!K8J4-H'!A#E/L!;<@ ! ! #! ! jX#I!"#*4-4/!Fb#H#!#IH!C*44-#(8DE/L!8I! XB$"+"0"6"-+("1(=< !" ( ,%10A$V(5$0E(5##"1"0V('#(03%(Q$"D*/(*1&(03%(2'&%$1 /! X'(@!S/!-H@!K8((8#E!C@!7*N8I!01-2!3'456!"*D-*E!'J!"'H-4I!Q4./!:;Vf>/!UVT@ !

PAGE 18

! Of ! -ELKFFIbF! G-5@=*-..-*$0U(7= ;:@: \!:K@!KC]@BF!QMKQ! 86-$9,:;.-$ KLQF!KF!1KTbF!GECBLQ! LMKNNBZ]B!QI!-ELKFFIbF!KCQEFQEL!MB]BTIZ8!KZG!QMB!LCEQELKN!ABGBFQKN!@AIZ!RMELM!MB!EF!ANKLBG[ %$ ! "M@F\!CKQMBC!QMKZ!EZLICAICKQEZ]!QMB!JICTKN!_@KNEQEBF!IJ!ZIZ 3 5BFQBCZ!RICSF!QI!CB 3 LBZQBC!QMB! ABCFABLQEDBF!IJ!Q MBEC!ICE]EZKN!LCBKQICF!EZ!(JCELK!KZG!&LBKZEK\!1KTbF!@FK]B!IJ!K!ACETEQEDEFQ! DILKH@NKC8!FBCDBF!QI!B`ACBFF!QMB!ABCFABLQEDB!IJ!K!LIZQBTAICKC8!(JCI 3 9@HKZ!]CKAANEZ]!REQM! QMB!NB]KL8!IJ!$@CIABKZ!LINIZEKNEFT!KZG!QMB!KCQEFQEL!QCBZGF!EQ!JKLENEQKQBG[ ! ! "M@F\!TIGBCZEFQ! TBLMKZEFTF!IJ!KCQEFQEL!EZFAECKQEIZ!KZG!LCBKQEIZ ! k ! EZLN@GEZ]! ACETEQEDEFT ! k ! ANK8BG!K!LBZQCKN!CINB!EZ!QMB!LKCBBC!KZG!RICSF!IJ!5EJCBGI!1KT[!"MBFB!TIGBF! ACIDEGBG!K!AIEZQ!IJ!BZQC8!EZQI!5BFQBCZ!KDKZQ 3 ]KCGB!LECLNBF\!RMBCB! 1KT!cTETBG!KZG! B`LBBGBG!QMEF!TIGBCZEFT!QMCI@]M ! KFFETENKQEIZ\!KL_@ECEZ]!EQF!AIRBC[d %% ! #EF!KLQEDB! AKCQELEAKQEIZ!EZ!KZG!ABCJICTKZLB!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT!RBCB!SB8!DEF@KN!TBKZF!IJ!AIFEQEIZEZ]! METFBNJ!KF!TIGBCZEFQ \! EZ!B_@EQKHNB!GEKNI]@B!REQM!IQMBC!TIGBCZEFQF[ ! ! (F!F@LM\! KZG!QIRKCGF!LIZLN@FEIZ\! .!RKZQ!QI! LIZFEGBC!4BCKCGI!/IF_@BCKbF!KGDILKL8! QI!DEBR!1KTbF!LKCBBC!cNBFF!KF!K!ACIG@LQ!IJ!*@CCBKNEFT!IC!EZ!QBCTF!IJ!QMB!ACBFBZLB!IJ! hACETEQEDB\b!(JCELKZ\!IC!(JCI 3 (TBCELKZ!BNBTBZQF!EZ!TIGBCZ!KCQ\!QMKZ!KF!K!CBF@NQ!IJ!9@HKZ! KZG!9KCEHHBKZ!L@NQ@CB!KF!K!AEIZBBCEZ]!LIZQCEH @QEIZ!QI!QMB!CINB!IJ!QMB!"MECG!5ICNG!EZ!QMB! LIZQBTAICKC8!RICNG[d %& ! .ZFQBKG\! KF!.!MKDB!KC]@BG\ ! EZ!NE]MQ!IJ! 1KTbF! EZQBZQEIZKN!KZG!B`ANELEQ! AIFEQEIZEZ]!IJ!METFBNJ!KF!TIGBCZEFQ ! EZ!GEKNI]@B!REQM!IQMBC!TIGBCZEFQF \!1KTbF! LKCBBC ! 5,*3$ HB!CBKG!KF!K!ACIG@LQ!IJ!$@CIAB KZ!TIGBCZEFT\!EZLN@GEZ]!*@CCBKNEFT!KZG!ACETEQEDEFT[ ! ! #" ! a',I!3#*/!F&(-#D-!K#8.!NB!.,-!O'#.4''E6!K8J4-H'!A#E!8I!.,-!"*D-*E!'J!"'H-4I!Q4./L! 5$0-(2*C*Y"1% ! =?/!I'@!f! 0:;VV>6!U<@ ! ! ## ! O,#4(D!"-4-2-.,-4/!FQ.!.,-!O4'DD4'#HD!'J!"'H-4I8DE6!Q!A8E8I#(!G-44#8I/L!8I! !"#$%&'()*+E(5(L%0$'-.%G0"6%('#( !'$N-('1(B*.%$ /!-H@!j(89#N-.,!)-44-4 ! 01-2!3'456!QE-48+#D!C'+8-.B/!:;;S>/!?S@ ! ! #$ ! \-4#4H'!"'D`*-4#/!F"'H-4I8DE!J4'E!QJ4' % QE-48+#6!K8J4-H'!A#E/L!8I! W%V'1&(03 %(J*10*-0"GE(,'10%+.'$*$V( 5 $0( , $"0"G"-+(#$'+()*0"1(5+%$"G* /!-H@!\-4#4H'!"'D`*-4#!0O#EN48HP/!"Q 6!"RG!&4-DD/!:;;=>/!:S:@ !

PAGE 19

! OX ! (LQEDBN8!FBBSEZ]!I@Q! AM8FELKN!ACI`ETEQ8!QI ! KZG!KCQEFQEL!GEKNI]@BF!REQM!MEF!$@CIABKZ! LIZQBTAICKCEBF\!1KT!AIFEQEIZBG!METFBNJ!REQMEZ!K!NB]KL8!IJ!TIGBCZ!KCQEFQF[!5MBZ!QMEF! EGBZQEQ8!IJ!cTIGBCZd!RKF!GBZEBG!QI!M ET!IZ!KLLI@ZQ!IJ! CKLEKN!BFFBZQEKNEFT \!1KTbF!EZDKFEDB! BZQBCACEFB!IJ!QMB!"CIPKZ!#ICFB!LIZFQEQ@QBG!K!FQCKQB]EL!KZG!EZQBZQEIZKN!BZGBKDIC!IJ!TIGBCZEFQ! FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ][! .!LIZQBZG!QMKQ!1KTbF!RICSF!GI!ZIQ!LIZFQEQ@QB!K!J@ZGKTBZQKN!GBLIZFQC@LQEIZ! IJ!QMB!LBZQBC 3 ABCEA MBC8!TIGBN!IJ!QMB! AINEQELF!IJ!CKLB!KZG!]BI]CKAM8\!H@Q!CKQMBC!K!HN@CCEZ]! IJ!QMB!NEZBF[!"MEF!HN@CCEZ]!IJ!QMB!NEZBF\!KZ!BZGBKDIC!@ZGBCQKSBZ!JCIT!QMB!LBZQBC!CKQMBC!JCIT! QMB!ABCEAMBC8\!RKF!ACBGELKQBG!IZ!1KTbF!TIGBCZEFQ!FBNJ 3 JKFMEIZEZ]!QMKQ!EZLN@GBG!KZ! KLQEDB ! AK CQELEAKQEIZ! EZ! TIGBCZEFQ!TIGBF!IJ!ACETEQEDEFT [ ! !

PAGE 20

! OV ! /+&=$!>+*$-?%1, ! ! (GpF \! +KRZ[! c5EJCBGI!1KT!KZG!*@CCBKNEFT [ d! .Z ! T=42-0@$)/5$=:$E@236$(5-2=+/ \!BG EQBG!H8 ! 9@CQEF! 1[!9KCQBC \!?f W eX [! /ENRK@SBB,!/KC_@BQQB!;ZEDBCFEQ8!-CBFF,!=>>f[ ! ! 7CBQIZ\! (ZGC^[! <,22-/.=*5$/:0$>/=:3=:; [ ! "CKZFNKQBG!H8 ! *ETIZ!5KQFIZ!"K8NIC [! 7IFQIZ,!/@FB@T! IJ!2EZB!(CQF!-@HNEFMEZ]\!=>>= [ ! ! 9BCZ@FME\!9NK@GB[! V/+-H$ ( :362@M@.@;KH$/:0$ > @.=3=+*$=:$36-$ T @2W$@4$T=42-0@$)/5 [!)BR!:ICS,! %I@QNBG]B!-CBFF\!=>OV[ ! ! 2I@LMBQ\ ! /K` 3 -IN[ ! T=42-0@$)/5 [! )BR!:ICS,!%EaaINE\!OVfg[ ! ! 4CBBQ \!/ELMBNB [ ! c.ZDBZQEZ]!5EJCBGI!1KT,!"MB!-KCEFEKZ!(DKZQ 3 4KCGBbF!-CETEQEDEFQ!2E`KQEIZ [ d! A:7=*=F.-$%,.3,2-S$(:$".-+32@:=+$9@,2:/.$4@2$'=*,/.$%,.3,2\!ZI[!l!U=>>?Y\! MQQAF,ssEDL[NEH[CILMBFQBC[BG@sEZDBZQEZ] 3 REJCBGI 3 NKT 3 QMB 3 AKCEFEKZ 3 KDKZQ 3 ]KCGBF 3 ACETEQEDEFQ 3 JE`KQEIZs [ ! ! #BCaHBC]\! '@NEK!-[! c%BCBKGEZ]!1KT [ d! .Z ! W lO [! )BR!:ICS,!*Q@GEI!/@FB@T!EZ!#KCNBT\!OVV= [ ! ! 1IBH\! -EBCCB[! c 5 EJCBGI!1KT [ d! 82@M=N,-* \ $ ZI[!g W f ! UOVe?Y,!gO W g= [ ! ! 1@LEB 3 *TEQM\! $GRKCG[! c5EJCBGI!1KT!KZG!Q MB!9KCEHHBKZ [ d! . Z! T=42-0@$)/5$=:$E@236$(5-2=+/ \! BG EQBG!H8 ! 9@CQEF!1[!9KCQBC \!gO W gf[ ! /ENRK@SBB,!/KC_@BQQB!;ZEDBCFEQ8!-CBFF\!=>>f[ ! ! /K@CBC\! $DKZ[! c+KGK!KZG!*@CCBKNEFT [ d! .Z ! _ >2=5=3=7=*5 ` $ =:$^a !" $ %-:3,2K$(23S$(44=:=3K$@4$36-$ 82=F/.$/:0$36-$#@0-2: H$'@.,5-$^ \!BG EQBG!H8 ! 5ENNEKT!*[!%@HEZ \!llg W lfl [! )BR!:ICS,! "MB! /@FB@T!IJ!/IGBCZ!(CQ\!OVXe [ ! ! /BCLBC\ ! 6IHBZK[ ! c5EJCBGI!1KTbF!(JCI 3 (QNKZQEL!%I@QBF [ d! .Z ! 86-$"Q$"R6=F=3=@:S$T=42-0@$)/5 \! BG EQBG!H8 ! 9KQMBCEZB!+KDEG \!== W ?l [! 1IZGIZ,!"KQB!-@HNEFMEZ]\!=>O g[ ! ! /BCBRBQMBC\ ! 9MKCNBF[ ! c(Q!QMB!9CIFFCIKGF!IJ!/IGBCZEFT,!(!1ETEZKN!"BCCKEZ [ d! .Z ! T=42-0@$)/5S$($ V-32@*M-+3=7-$@4$T@2W*$@:$>/M-2 \!BGEQBG!H8!$NEaKHBQM!2BCCBC \!O? W ?g [! )BR!:ICS,! (TBCELKF!*ILEBQ8\!OVV= [ ! ! /IF_ @BCK\! 4BCKCGI[! c/IGBCZEFT!JCIT!(JCI 3 (TBCELK,!5EJCBGI!1KT [ d! .Z ! 1-K@:0$36-$!/:3/*3=+S$ %@:3-5M@2/2K$ ( 23$ % 2=3=+=*5$42@5$)/3=:$(5-2=+/ \!BG EQBG!H8 ! 4BCKCGI!/IF_@BCK \!O=O W O?= [ ! 9KTHCEG]B \!/( ,!/."!-CBFF\!OVVg [ ! !

PAGE 21

! => ! )IrN \!*KTKZQMK\!([ ! c7CKaBZN8!(DKZQ 3 4KCGB,!5EJCBGI!1KTbF!"CKZFJICTKQEIZ!IJ!9@HKbF!"CIAELKN! "BCCKEZ [ d! .Z ! 82@M=+/.$(-*36-3=+*$@4$1./+W$#@0-2:=*5 \!g> W Vl [! +@CMKT \!)9 ,!+@SB! ;ZEDBCFEQ8!-CBFF\!=>=O[ ! ! -K@GCKQ\! 'BKZ 3 1I@EF[! c7EI]CKAM8 [ d! .Z ! 86-$"Q$"R6=F=3=@:S$T=42-0@$)/5 \!BG EQBG!H8 ! 9KQ MBCEZB! +KDE G \!=>? W ==O [! 1IZGIZ,!"KQB!-@HNEFMEZ]\!=>Og[ ! ! *ETF\!1IRBC8!*QISBF[!c2CIT!9IZLBAQ!QI!*Q8NB,!1KT!KZG!MEF!4BI]CKAM8!IJ!QMB!/KCDBNI@F[d!.Z! T=42-0@$)/5S$%/3/.@;,-$V/=*@::b$@4$36-$>/=:3-0$T@2WH$'@.,5-$AH$XY^Z \ XYca \!BGEQBG!H8! 1I@!1K@CEZ!1KT \!OOX W Oge[ ! 1K@FKZZB,!(LKQIF\!OVVg[ ! ! *ETF\!1IRBC8!*QISBF[!c1KTbF! !-55-$%6-7/. ,!(DKQKC!IJ!7BK@Q8[d!.Z! T=42-0@$)/5$=:$E@236$ (5-2=+/ \!BGEQBG!H8!9@CQEF!1[!9KCQBC \!=f W ?g [!/ENRK@SBB,!/KC_@BQQB!;ZEDBCFEQ8!-CBFF\! =>>f[! ! ! *ETF\! 1IRBC8!*QISBF[! c"MB!-IFQ 3 /IGBCZ! /IGBCZEFT!IJ!5EJCBGI!1K T[ d! . Z! %@*5@M@.=3/:$ #@0-2:=*5* \!BG EQBG!H8 ! 6IHBZK!/BCLB C \!Xg W O>O [! 9KTHCEG]B \!/( ,!/."!-CBFF\!=>>l[ ! ! *ETF\! 1IRBC8!*QISBF[! T=42-0@$)/5$/:0$36-$A:3-2:/3=@:/.$(7/:3 ? I/20[! (@FQEZ,!;ZEDBCFEQ8!IJ! "B`KF!-CBFF \!=>>= [ ! ! :K@\!'IMZ[!c-NBKFB!5KEQ!H 8!QMB!9IKQCIIT,!5EJCBGI!1KT!EZ!QMB!/@FB@T!IJ!/IGBCZ!(CQ[d! (23*$ #/;/d=:-$ g?\!ZI[!e!UOVXX Y,! lg W lV[ ! ! !

PAGE 22

! =O ! "@@1*,.A ! ! 2E]@CB!O,! 5EJCBGI!1KT[! <-.4 ? >@232/=3$AAA [!OV?X[!&EN!IZ!LKCGHIKCG[!eg!`!?X!LT[!-CEDKQB!LINNBLQEIZ\! -KCEF[ ! ! ! ! !

PAGE 23

! == ! 2E]@CB!=,! 5EJCBGI!1KT[! <-.4 ? >@232/=3$A$B<-.4 ? >@232/=3$e=36$C=5@:@D [!OV?f[!&EN!IZ!LKZDKF[!O>>!`! X>!LT[!-CEDKQB!LINNBLQEIZ\!9KCKLKF[ ! ! ! ! !

PAGE 24

! =? ! 2E]@CB!?,!5EJCBGI!1KT!KQ!(NHEFFINK ! REQM!MEF!FL@NAQ@CKN!LINNBLQEIZ!KZG!QRI!AKEZQEZ]F \!OVfe[ ! ! ! !

PAGE 25

! =e ! 2E]@CB! e ,!5EJCBGI!1KT[! %/:/L5/ [!OVel[!&EN!IZ!AKABC!TI@ZQBG!IZ!LKZDKF[!OO>[l!`!VO!LT[!9BZQCB! -ITAEGI@\!-KCEF[ ! ! ! ! !

PAGE 26

! =l ! 2E]@CB!l,!5EJCBGI!1KT!HBQRBBZ!K!7KTKZK!TKFS!JCIT!/KNE!UNBJQY!KZG!K!7KME ZBT I!TKFS!JCIT! /IZQF!#@ZFQBEZ\!-KA@K!)BR!4@EZBK!UCE]MQY\!OVfe[ ! ! ! !

PAGE 27

! =g ! 2E]@CB! g ,!5EJCBGI!1KT[! 86-$9,:;.[! OVe?[! 4I@KLMB ! IZ!AKABC!IZ!LKZDKF[!=?V!`!=?>!LT[!/@FB@T! IJ!/IGBCZ!(CQ\!)BR!:ICS[ ! ! ! ! !

PAGE 28

! =f ! 2E]@CB!f,!-EBCCB!/KQEFFB!4KNNBC8!B`MEHEQEIZ!GEFANK8EZ]!5EJCBGI!1KTbF! 86-$9,:;.-$ UJKC!RKNNY! KLCIFF!JCIT!K!7KI@N^!TKFS!TI@ZQBG!IZ!K!ANEZQM[ ! ! ! !


xml version 1.0 encoding UTF-8 standalone no
fcla fda yes
!-- The Trojan Horse and the Femme Cheval: Primitivism Modernist Self Fashioning in Works of Wifredo Lam ( Book ) --
METS:mets OBJID AA00092445_00001
xmlns:METS http:www.loc.govMETS
xmlns:xlink http:www.w3.org1999xlink
xmlns:xsi http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance
xmlns:daitss http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitss
xmlns:mods http:www.loc.govmodsv3
xmlns:sobekcm http:digital.uflib.ufl.edumetadatasobekcm
xmlns:lom http:digital.uflib.ufl.edumetadatasobekcm_lom
xsi:schemaLocation
http:www.loc.govstandardsmetsmets.xsd
http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitssdaitss.xsd
http:www.loc.govmodsv3mods-3-4.xsd
http:digital.uflib.ufl.edumetadatasobekcmsobekcm.xsd
METS:metsHdr CREATEDATE 2023-05-10T13:43:14Z ID LASTMODDATE 2023-05-10T10:58:50Z RECORDSTATUS COMPLETE
METS:agent ROLE CREATOR TYPE ORGANIZATION
METS:name UF,University of Florida
OTHERTYPE SOFTWARE OTHER
Go UFDC - FDA Preparation Tool
INDIVIDUAL
UFAD\renner
METS:dmdSec DMD1
METS:mdWrap MDTYPE MODS MIMETYPE textxml LABEL Metadata
METS:xmlData
mods:mods
mods:abstract lang en This project situates several early works by Wifredo Lam (1902–1982) within the discursive realm of European primitivism. Born in Cuba to a Chinese-Cuban father and an Afro- Cuban mother, Lam entered the social and artistic circles of the Parisian avant-gardes including Pablo Picasso, Michel Leiris, and André Breton, who frequently reduced both his artistry and his identity to his Blackness. In this context, I analyze Lam’s expressed desire to “act as a Trojan horse that would spew forth hallucinating figures with the power to surprise, to disturb the dreams of the exploiters.” I argue that Lam’s engagement with the legacy of primitivism constituted a central component of this invasive endeavor of the Trojan horse, an active self-fashioning as a modernist artist. First, through accounts of Lam’s interactions with Parisian avant-garde circles from his introduction in 1938 to his departure for Martinique in 1941, I elaborate on Lam’s situation in the European avant-garde’s schemata of race and culture and its necessitation of this modernist self-fashioning. Second, through the reading of two self-portraits from the late 1930s, I explore how primitivism operated within this self-fashioning during his time in Europe. And finally, an analysis of the recurring figure of the femme cheval demonstrates this fusion of a formal basis in European primitivism and the modernity of Afro-Caribbean syncretism. In doing so, I demonstrate how Lam’s primitivism operated as a strategic means to situate himself as an active and coeval participant in the dialogues of European modernists.
mods:accessCondition Copyright Adam Chin Blahnik. Permission granted to the University of Florida to digitize, archive and distribute this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
mods:language
mods:languageTerm type text English
code authority iso639-2b eng
mods:location
mods:physicalLocation University of Florida
mods:name
mods:namePart Blahnik, Adam Chin
mods:role
mods:roleTerm creator
mods:note Awarded Bachelor of Arts in History of Art, summa cum laude, on April 29, 2022. Major: Art History
College or School: The Arts
Advisor: Rachel Carmel Silveri. Advisor Department or School: Art and Art History. Advisor: . Advisor Department or School:
mods:originInfo
mods:publisher University of Florida
mods:dateIssued 2023
mods:recordInfo
mods:recordIdentifier source sobekcm AA00092445_00001
mods:recordContentSource University of Florida
mods:relatedItem series
mods:part
mods:detail Year
mods:caption 2023
mods:subject
mods:topic Undergraduate Honors Thesis/Project
mods:titleInfo
mods:title The Trojan Horse and the Femme Cheval: Primitivism and Modernist Self-Fashioning in the Works of Wifredo Lam
mods:typeOfResource text
DMD2
OTHERMDTYPE SOBEKCM SobekCM Custom
sobekcm:procParam
sobekcm:Aggregation ALL
UFIR
IUF
UFHONORS
UNDERGRADWORKS
sobekcm:MainThumbnail Blahnik_Adam_Honors_Projectthm.jpg
sobekcm:Wordmark UFIR
sobekcm:Tickler 2231_SPRING_2023_HONORS
sobekcm:bibDesc
sobekcm:BibID AA00092445
sobekcm:VID 00001
sobekcm:Publisher
sobekcm:Name University of Florida
sobekcm:Source
sobekcm:statement UF University of Florida
sobekcm:SortDate 738520
METS:amdSec
METS:digiprovMD DIGIPROV1
DAITSS Archiving Information
daitss:daitss
daitss:AGREEMENT_INFO ACCOUNT PROJECT UFDC
METS:techMD TECH1
File Technical Details
sobekcm:FileInfo
METS:fileSec
METS:fileGrp USE reference
METS:file GROUPID G1 PDF1 applicationpdf CHECKSUM 540da0de8b8581b7143e00fcf11c40ca CHECKSUMTYPE MD5 SIZE 6587430
METS:FLocat LOCTYPE OTHERLOCTYPE SYSTEM xlink:href Blahnik_Adam_Honors_Project.pdf
G2 TXT2 textplain
Blahnik_Adam_Honors_Project_pdf.txt
G3 METS3 unknownx-mets a6f4b382f119c0055daa1a44edaee01b 7432
AA00092445_00001.mets
METS:structMap STRUCT2 other
METS:div DMDID ADMID Self-Fashioning ORDER 0 main
ODIV1 1 Main
FILES1 Page
METS:fptr FILEID
FILES2 2
FILES3 3