PAGE 1
11111111
PAGE 2
OTA-A-&&4 JANUARY 'I 993
PAGE 4
Contents 1 Chairman's Statement 2 Vice Chairman's Statement 3 TA/JC Chairman's Statement 4 Director's Statement 7 Organization and Operations 9 Energy, Materials, and International Security Division 11 Health and Life Sciences Division 13 Science, Information, and Natural Resources Division 15 Technology Assessment Abroad 16 Work In Progress 17 Technology Assessment Advisory Council (TAAC) 18 OTA Staff 20 OTA ANards and Fellowship Programs 21 Advisors and Panel Members 42 OTA Act
PAGE 5
OI.9l Congressionaf 'Board of tlie 102d Congress GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., Galifomla, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska, Vies Chairman Senate EDWARD M. KENNEDY Massachusetts ERNEST F. HOLLINGS South Csrolina CLAIBORNE PELL Rhode Island ORRIN G. HATCH Ut.ah CHARLES E. GRASSLEY Iowa House JOHN D. DINGELL Michigan CLARENCE E. MILLER Ohio DON SUNDQUIST TennessBB AMO HOUGHTON New York JOAN KELLY HORN Missouri JOHN H. GIBBONS (Nonvoting) Advisory Council CHASEN.PETERSON.Chairman UnivBrslty of Utah Salt L.akB City, Utah JOSHUA LEDERBERG, Vies Chairman Professor, Rockefsllsr Unlvsrsity New Yort, Nsw York CHARLES A. BOWSHER Comptrol/sr Gsnsral of ths Unitsd StatBS Washington, D.C. LEWIS M. BRANSCOMB Dirsctor, SciBncs, TBChnology & Public Policy Program, Harvard Univsrsity Cambridgs, Massachusetts MICHEL T. HALBOUTY Chairman of the Board & Chisf Exscutlve Officer Michsl T. Halbouty Energy Co. Houston, Texas NEILE. HARL ProftJssor, Dspartmsnt of Economics Iowa Stats University Amss, Iowa JAMES C. HUNT Chancsllor, HBBlth ScisnCBS Center University of Tsnnsssss Memphis, Tennsssss HENRY KOFFLER Prssidsnt Emsritus, Univsrsity of Arizona Tucson, Arizona MAX LENNON Prssidsnt Clsmson University Clemson, South Csrollna JOSEPH E. ROSS Dirsctor Congrsssional Research Ssrvics The library of Congrsss Washington, D.C. JOHN F.M. SIMS Vies Prssidsnt. MarkBt/ng Usibelli Coal Mins, Inc. Fairbanks, Alaska MARINA v.N. WHITMAN Vice Prssldsnt & Group ExBCUtivB Pub/le Affairs St.affs Group Gsnsral Motors Corp. Dstrolt, Michigan
PAGE 6
Cliainnan s Statement As OTA approaches its 20th anniversary, it is appropriate to take some time to reflect on its progress. Having been associated with the agency since its founding, I have watched its steady progress from a tiny operation known only to Congress to an internationally known source of wisdom on technology and its use in society. I am also struck at how prescient, or lucky, we were to have established OTA in time to address the many technological questions that face society today. It has been rewarding to see the breadth of OTA's involvement in congressional debates. The agency has tuned its work to better fit the needs of legislative deliberations. It has improved the quality of its work to the point where it has become a policy advisor to a wide range of Members of Congress and congressional committees. And, if sales of its publications and cites in the press and academic papers are any guide, OTA has also become a presence across our society. It has been a pleasure to have been a part of this successful experiment in evaluating technological, social, and political issues. In the coming decade this work will be needed even more and I expect that OTA's successes will continue. Congress has the benefit and advantage of an organization that hires good people, solicits good advice, and distills technology to a form that most of us in Congress can understand. I am honored to have chaired OTA's governing board for the past Congress, and I look forward to a continuing warm association. CONGRESSMAN GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. ONE
PAGE 7
'Vice Cliairman s Statement It has bean my pleasure and privilege, once again, to serve as Vice Chairman of the Office of Technology Assessment's Board. It is hard to believe, but OTA is 20 years old. Over this time period, OTA has matured. It is more efficient, better managed, and OTA researchers provide members of Congress with very good technical analysis and accurate facts critical to making good law based on sound policy. OTA has emerged as a key source of objective data In my Judgment OTA is also an economical means for Congress to get objective data and analysis. OTA is a shared resource where multiple committees can request a single study to cut duplication and save the taxpayers money. I have said this before, but the cost-saving nature of OTA needs to be understood. Of the many studies OTA has completed during the 102d Congress, the organization's work on U.S. oil import vulnerability was particularly valuable. I might add that report was done in conjunction with consideration of the national energy bill. All committees in the House and Senate benefited from working with facts from the same document. This is just one of many examples of hlghly useful information from OTA that congressmen and senators had at hand while contemplating various bills during the past Congress. I believe that OTA is an important asset to the Congress and look forward to working with the board members and staff researchers at OTA In the future. SENATOR TED STEVENS TVVO
PAGE 8
'I~C Chairmans Statement It has been a pleasure to serve as Chairman of OTA's Advisory Council for the past two years. I wish to give particular thanks to Josh Lederberg, who ably served as Vice Chairman and who now has been elected Chairman, and the other members of the council for a rewarding two years. As OTA is ending its second decade, it has been fulfilling to see it develop into an internationally recognized analytical organization. The council's review of OTA has demonstrated that this is an entity that puts out quality work at a highly productive rate. The staff is top notch, beginning with the Director, Jack Gibbons. I personally support the Congress' continued support of OTA, for it gets vastly more than Its money's worth. OTA needs to maintain its current capability if the Congress is to have the best possible advice on complex technological and public policy Issues. The coming decade will require that of Congress. Support of OTA is an essential first step. CHASE N. PETERSON THREE
PAGE 9
tJJirector 's Statement When OTA was founded by Congress 20 years ago, we had not yet experienced the first oil embargo, our nation was deeply embroiled In the Cold War, and we dominated world markets for technology. Times have changed and new concerns have emerged, but science and technology still compose the mother lode of new options for society. OTA's 20th anniversary seems an appropriate time to acknowledge the foresight of OTA's founders and the essential role of the Technology Assessment Board (TAB). In creating OTA, Congress secured that asset so highly prized by James Madison-the power that knowledge gives. The continuity of TAB's membership and their leadership positions In the Congress lend an unparalleled credibility to OTA. Accumulating wisdom about the substance and process of technology assessment has left OTA's staff well prepared to help Congress and the Nation face the issues of the next 20 years, from health to education, from economic competitiveness to environmental quality, and from national security to global sustainability. A review of OTA's 20 years of service to the Congress reveals two hallmarks of success: (1) flexibility of response In meeting the clients' needs, and (2) unwavering commitment to sound, nonpartisan analysis. OTA works hard to adapt to rapid changes in congressional priorities and in the scientific and tachnological issues we address for Congress. Our methods-assessment of issues in their broadest context of impacts, Involvement of experts and stakeholders in all stag~re the foundation. As a result, I believe the agency can remain on the cutting edge of science and tachnology, addressing new issues while constantly adding to its valuable storehouse of basic lnfonnatlon for future congressional needs. OTA's work reflects Congress's pursuit of broad, national goals, such as a strong economy, a healthy and educated population, international security, and environmental quality. OTA neither promotes nor disparages technologies, but strives to evaluate their impacts, for better or worse, expertly and without prejudice. In advising Congress on the potential effects of legislative action or Inaction on technological developments, OTA seeks to sustain a reputation for accuracy, Impartiality, and staunch objectivity. Despite budgetary pressures that have kept OTA's staff and budget (in real dollars) unchanged for seven years, the Office has managed an increased workload through higher productivity. This can be explained in part by the detanninatlon, dedication, and growing experience of OTA staff; they continue to do more with less. The increasing sophistication of electronic tools such as computers and telecommunlcatlon devices has been invaluable In our efforts to stay ahead despite declining resources. OTA's productivity also benefits from the openness of its process. Through advisory panels for each study and numerous other outreach mechanisms that encourage those outside the agency to review and critique its products and its process, OTA receives rapid feedback that helps insure that its limited funds are not frittered away on unproductive paths of research. Moreover, broad participation from the outset makes the process and the products more credible, and thus less susceptible to second guessing by individuals and organi2.atlons that may be affected by OTA's reports. This last factor increases OTA's accountability and credibility outside as well as within Congress. For Instance, Executive Branch confidence in OTA's ability FOUR
PAGE 10
to conduct a thorough evaluation of the issues surrounding DNA patenting recently led to their use of OTA's ongoing analysis to fulfill an International commitment of the U.S. Government. Our studies of post-COid war economic conversion were not only used by Congress but also adopted in part by the Department of Defense. In addition, OTA's work on the potential impacts of telecommunications and lnfonnation technologies on rural America has received widespread attention in other nations. What of the next 20 years? Many issues now before Congress will profoundly affect the 'I nation's future In the next two decades. Thus, In addressing Issues for the 103d Congress, OTA will spend significant time in elucidating long-term impacts-such as transitional effects In energy systems and impacts of demographic and environmental chang8-ilspecially in tenns of how current and emerging technologies create policy choices. What of the present? Robert Louis Stevenson observed that "the obscurest epoch Is today," noting that humans see the distant past and future more clear1y than the present. No sure formula calculates the post-Cold War trajectory for the U.S. The now anachronistic role for the U.S. of global peacekeeper against the "forces of darkness" must swiftly evolve to a new order, adapt to new opportunities. The spread of advanced technology has globallzed the marketplace and revolutionized economies. These technologies, more than weapons, helped disintegrate the centrally planned economies and are forcing major changes in the U.S. and elsewhere. OTA can help Congress better understand many of the choices that are arising in this transition. What should be done about nuclear weapons? Many nations now view them as a less than effective investment Countries like South Africa, Brazil, and Argentina have abandoned nuclear weapons development in favor of Investments In improved economic strength. Yet proliferation of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction remains a deeply troubling problem. Discoveries about Iraq's capabilities give us pause, and questions about who really controls weapons located In the fonner Soviet states (and intentions regarding their use or sale) add to our concerns. Technology-for verification and monitoring, or for disposal-will play a critical role in addressing these problems. How can the U.S. maintain and regain economic competitiveness? Some critical civilian technologies now lag behind those of other countries. Our physical infrastructure suffers from lack of investment, and our people are less functionally literate than they were a half century ago. Rising health care, defense, and debt have consumed so much public capital that llttle Is left for innovation. Vet, development and appllcation of innovative technologies will largely determine the economic success needed to deal with these problems. can high-quality health care be delivered at affordable cost? The U.S. now spends about 12 percent of GNP on health care. The average for other industrial countries runs about 8 percent for comparable health outcomes. Yet, this Nation leads In new technology for health care, and OTA can help Congress devise ways to direct technology toward reducing the cost of staying or becoming healthy. Are environmental quality and economic security compatible goals? Environmental challenges and opportunities abound and all are deeply connected to technology-as cause, cure, and preventative. The U.S. has addressed environmental problems more aggressively than any other nation, but still has a long way to go. For example, the U.S. releases a fourth of all CO2 emitted around the planet. OTA has helped Congress recognize that energy efficiency,
PAGE 11
new energy sources, green manufacturing, and a variety of other advanced technologies hold much promise for a bright environmental and economic future. However, progress will require a productive public/private partnership as well as new levels of cooperation, including technology transfer, between the industrialized nations and the developing nations. Will our children and grandchildren inherit a healthy planet? As understanding increases about the importance of intergenerational equity, and the implications of continued exponential growth of population and consumption, people around the planet are asking more and more about sustainable futures and how to achieve them. This question will likely be addressed with much greater seriousness in the decade ahead. Sustainability is sensitively dependent upon the status and use of technology, so any sound policy or plan-and indeed even a clear understanding of the question-will have to rest upon technically sophisticated analysis. At OTA, on its 20th Anniversary, we see burgeoning and complex issues coming before the Congress and the American people-issues which will need thoughtful, careful analysis. It would seem that if OTA hadn't been created in 1972, the case for its existence would be even greater in 1992! We look forward to continuing to serve as a shared resource for the Senate and the House, the Majority and the Minority to help frame issues, to help inform the debate, and to provide helpful options for resolution of the issues. JOHN H. GIBBONS SIX
PAGE 12
Organization ancf Operations Created by the Technology Assessment Act of 1972 [86 Stat. 797], OTA is an agency of the legislative branch of the Federal Govemment(acopyof theActisfound on p. 42). OTA's primary function is to provide congressional committees with studies that identify the positive and negative consequences of policy alternatives affecting the uses of technology. OTA assists C _ongress by identifying existing or probable impacts of technology; alternative technological methods and management programs for implementing specific actions (estimating and comparing the impacts of alternatives); and areas where additional research or data collection is required to provide support for assessments. OTA presents its completed analyses to the appropriate legislative authorities and, whenever possible, undertakes whatever additional related activities are necessary. The Act provides for a bipartisan Technology Assessment Board, a director, and other employees and consultants necessary for the Office to conduct its work. The congressional board is made up of six Senators, appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate, and six Representatives, appointed by the Speaker of the House, evenly divided by party. In 1992, Rep. George E. Brown, Jr. (D-California) and Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) served as the Chairman and Vice Chairman, respectively, of the board. The two posts alternate between the Senate and the House with each Congress. The board members from each Chamber selecttheir respective officer. SEVEN
PAGE 13
The congressional board sets the policies of the Office and is the sole and exclusive body governing OTA. The board appoints the director, who is OTA's chief executive officer and a nonvoting member of the board. The Act also calls for a Technology Assessment Advisory Council composed of 1 o public members eminent in scientific and technologlcal fields, the Comptroller General of the United States, and the Director of the Congressional Research Service of the LI brary of Congress. The advisory council advises the board and the director on such matters as the balance, comprehensiveness, and quality of OTA's work, and OTA's nongovernmental resources. Requests for OTA assessments may be initiated by: the chairman of any standing, special, select or Joint committee of Congress, acting alone, at the request of the ranking minority member, or at the request of a majority of the committee members; the OTA board; or the OTA director, in consultation with the board. The authorization of specific assessment projects and the allocatlon of funds for their performance are the responsibilities of the OTA board. The analytical work of the Office is organized into three dMsions, each headed by an assistant director. They encompass assessments grouped in the areas of energy and materials; international security and commerce; industry, technology.and employment; biological applications; food and renewable resources; health; oceans and environment; science, education, and transportation; and telecommunication and computing technologies. Staff of the Operations Division support the analytical work of the Office. The Operations Division is divided Into three main sections. Contracts and Building Services and the Budget and Finance Office provides administrative support. Information Management and Publishing Services includes Telecommunication and Information Systems, the Information Center, Publishing, and Information Marketing. Personnel Services includes the Personnel Office. The Division provides the research staff and management with a variety of services and technologies vital to successful functioning of the Office. The Information Center also provides public access to the full collection of OTA publications, including an onllne index, and the Publications Unit within Information Marketing handles public dissemination of OTA publications. The Congressional and Public Affairs Office assists In coordinating OTA's work with various committees of the House and Senate, by initiating communications between OTA management and staff, and the Technology Assessment Board and the Technology Assessment Advisory Council. OTA publications are widely disseminated on C&pltol Hill and are publicly available. (General Information on OTA and availability of OTA publications is listed on the inside back cover.) FY1992 ACTIVITIES Technological capabilities will determine, In large part, whether America leads or follows other economically and scientifically powerful nations In the decades following the end of the Cold War. Now 20 years old, OTA has proven its ability to assist Congress' deliberations on the Nation's vision of the future and to help llnk the science and technology enterprise to achieve national goals. The accurately ever-arching priority of citizens and elected officials is to restore the resilience and competitiveness of the U.S. economy. OTA studies such as Competing Economies: America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim, U.S.-Msxlco Trade: Pulling Together or Pulling Apar(I, and Afterthe Cold War. Living BIGHT with Low,r Defenss Spsnding help put the Nation's economic problems in perspective and provide important technological guidance and options for policy makers. Also, the 103d Congress undoubtedly will pursue legislation to ensure improvements in the quality of life and human health. OTA's assessments on education, e.g., T,chnolog/BS for Adult Litsracy, and health, e.g., Cystic Fibrosis and DNA TBSts and S(JBCial Car, Units tor Peopls with Alzheimer's and Othsr Demsntias, establish a sound basis for the debates. As Congress addresses the critical goals of personal, national, and international security, OTA's studies ranging from Police Qody Armor Standards and Tsstingto Building Futur, S,curity: SttatBglss for RBStruc turlng ths Defense Tschnology and Industrial Bass wlll provide essential grounding in basic technical knowledge and opportunities. Improved environmental quality and sus tainable use of natural resources likely will remain high on Congress' agenda, and the breadth and depth of OTA's publications in this a~n,enProducts ByDesign:Choices for a Cleaner Environment, Trade and Environmsnt: Conflicts and Opportunities, Building En,rgy Effici,ncy, Fomt Servlc, Planning: Accommodating Us,s, Producing Outputs, and Sustaining Ecosystems, and A New Technological Era for American Agriculture, to name Just a few-should serve members and committees well.
PAGE 14
'Energy, Afateriafs, and Intemationa{ Security fJJivision The Energy Program was formed at OTA in 197 4, and the Materials Program started up in 1975. During an agency restructuring in 1978, Director Russell Peterson formed three divisions out of the nine programs then existing at OTA. The Energy Program and the Materials Program were joined by a third program-International Security and Commerce-to form one of the divisions. Annual strategic planning was first undertaken in the division in the late '70s and continued to the present. Such planning is used to determine the work congressional committees, in consultation with OTA analysts, believe will be needed in the 12 to 24 months ahead. In the early '80s it became apparent that the shift in priorities of the Congress and the Nation placed greater attention on trade and competitiveness and less on energy issues than in the late '70s. To reflectthe changes in the Nation's needs, the division reorganized in 1983. It is comprised of the Energy and Materials (E&M) Program, the International Security and Commerce (ISC) Program, and the Industry, Technology and Employment (ITE) Program. lTE, formed from the Materials Program, built on the industry knowledge already developed there, and concentrated its analysis on technology and competitiveness, trade, and the quality of the workforce. In its 18-year history, the E&M program has analyzed many aspects of energy issues and the potential of new materials development, ranging from ceramics and composites to superconductors. In recent years the program has considered more of the international dimensions of those issues which affect this country-e.g., Energy in Developing Countries, completed in 1992. NINE
PAGE 15
ISC has concentrated on arms control, strategic defense, weapons trade and proliferation, and space research and development. Most recently, work on defense conversion has helped redefine the defense industrial base required to support future force structure needs. ITE has analyzed numerous industries and their competitive posture in a global economy. The training and retraining needs of the U.S. workforce also has been studied at length. In addition, the program has analyzed the technology and trade policies of the United States' global competitor nations. Most recent work has concentrated on the need to address the conversion of assets in the U.S. dedicated to defense, which must now be productively refocused to the peacetime economy of the U.S. This division will continue to address some of the most difficult technology-driven issues facing the U.S Congress, the Nation and the global community of nations. Monitoring Limits on Sea-Launched Cruise Mlnlles, September 1992 Requested by: Senate Foreign Relations Committee House Foreign Affairs Committee U.S.-Mexlco Trade: Pulling Together or Pulling Apart?, September 1992 Requested by: House Committee on iducation and Labor Graen Products by Design: Choices for a Cleaner Environment, September 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology House Committee on Energy and Commerce Police Body Armor Standards and Testing: Volume I, August 1992 Requested by: Senate Committee on the Judiciary House Committee on the Judiciary House Committee on Rules Ponce Body Armor Standards and Testing: Volume II Appendixes, August 1992 Requested by: Senate Committee on the Judiciary House Committee on the Judiciary House Committee on Rules Bulidlng Future Security: Strategies for Restructuring the Defense Technology and Industrial Base, July 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Government Operations Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Senate Committee on Armed Services Retiring Old Cars: Programs to Save Gasoline and Reduce Emissions, July 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce Lanons In Restructuring Defense Industry: The Franch Experlenc.,_Background Paper, June 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Government Operations Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Senate Committee on Armed Services Fueling DevelQPment: Providing Energy Services for Developing Countries, May 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce House Committee on Foreign Affairs House Committee on Banking, Rnance and Urban Affairs House Select Committee on Hunger Congressional Competitiveness Caucus Senate Committee on Governmental Affalrs Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Trade and Environment Confflels 11111 OppodlllllBackground Paper, May 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Foreign Affairs House Committee on Energy and Commerce Senate Committee on Finance Building Energy Efficiency, May 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Senate Committee on Governmental Affalrs Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources TEN After the Cold War: Living wHh Lower Defense Spending, February 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs House Committee on Government Operations Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Senate Committee on Armed Services Performance Standards for the Food Stamp Employment and Training Program, February 1992 Mandated Study Technology Against Terrorism: Structuring SecurHy, January 1992 Requested by: Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Competing Economies: America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim, November 1991 Requested by: Senate Committee on Finance American MIiitary Power: Future Needs, Future Choices-Background Paper, October 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Government Operations Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Senate Committee on Armed Services Improving Automobile Fuel Economy: New Standards, New Approaches, October 1991 Requested by: Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. OIi import Vulnerablllty: The Technical Replacement capability, October 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
PAGE 16
1-{eaftfi and Life Sciences 'Division 0TA's first assessment was in the field of health. This subject matter, together with food, has formed the initial and continuing core of work for the Health and Life Sciences Division. Like OTA itself, however, the division has, over the 2O-year life of the institution, evolved and reflected in a dynamic way the changing times in the U.S. and the changing interests and needs of the Congress. It is the result of sensitivity not just to the Congress and congressional committees as a whole, but to OTA's Technology Assessment Board and to the input of the Technology Assessment Advisory Council and the many public and private institutions and persons who form the wide network of advisors to and participants in the OTA process. The Health Program was the first of the division's three programs to be formed. As noted above, it issued OTA's first report, on the subject of bioequivalency of drugs. The program soon began a series of efforts which defined the state of the art of health technology assessment. They remain valuable and valid documents even today. A long series of case studies of specific health technologies was issued during the time the program turned to more health policy oriented work on the structure and functions of the health system, keeping the focus on technology. More recently, the program has explored timely issues in AIDS, among other things, and most recently has undertaken a series of efforts to provide the Congress with help in resolving the problems associated with health care and long-term health care reform. ELEVEN
PAGE 17
The Food and Renewable Resources Program has developed and pursued, from Its initial work on food, several major subject areas. The program has had a continuing interest In basic agriculture and has explored the farm structure and function and technologies important to understanding American agriculture and to congressional consideration of successive Farm Bills. Integral to this work, moreover, and leading to reports on related subjects, is the program's emphasis on sustainability and on renewable resources. The expertise generated through study of these issues has also been required for review of international problems and issues In U.S. foreign assistance. In particular, the program has contributed to improved understanding of agricultural resource problems and support opportunities In Africa. The Biological Applications Program, only about 10 years old, was formed to examine the Important new fields of biotechnology, genetics, and molecular biology, as they present important policy issues In science, health care, and commerce. An Important and lengthy series of reports has comprehensively defined the Issues in biotechnology for policy makers from 1 O years ago to the present. The program also turned to important Impacts of modem biology, from the latest advances in neuroscience to DNA fingerprinting to timely women's issues such as hormone replacement therapy for menopause. Most recently, the program has begun to identify and respond to congressional concerns about occupational and environmental risk analyses and the biology underlying such activities. We cannot predict with certainty what Congress and the Nation will require from our programs in the future, but if history is any guide, we can rely on the need to be ready to change and evolve to meet the new, and exciting challenges ahead. Speclal Care UnHs for People with Alzhelmer"s and Other Dementias, September 1992 Requested by: Senate Special Commltlee on Aging House Select Committee on Aging 1111 11a11a, DI Menlll Dlsonl111, Beplember 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce House Commltlee on Veterans Affairs House Commltlee on Science, Space, and Technology House Commltlee on Appropriations Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Endorsed by: Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources O111an-10-R11 Nlldla tar Ille Pnnnllon of 11V Infection Among lnJedlng Drug unrs, September 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Small Business Dou Heaftll laurance Maki a Dlfllnnce?, September 1992 Requested by: Senate Commilllle on Labor and Human Resources Cyltlc Fl111sll and DNA 18111: lmpllcallaa of Cln1er 8aalnlng, August 1992 Requested by: House Commltlee on Science, Space, and Technology House Committee on Energy and Commerce A New Tecll1ologlcll Era tar Amerl Agr1cunure. August 1m Requested by: Senate Commltlee on Agriculture, NulrlUon, and Forestry House Committee on Agriculture CDC's Case DellnHlon of AIDS: lmpllcallons or Prapllld Rnllloas, Juae 1992 Requested by: House Commltlee on Government Operations Identifying and Conlrolllng PulmoneiyTollcant.Background Paper, June 1992 Requested by: Senate Commltble on Environment and Public Works Cemblned Bu11marl11: Technologles lo Bastain Treplcal Forni R111ul'CII and Blologlcal DlversHy, May 1992 (Reprint) Requested by: House Commltl88 on Foralgn Affairs House Commltl88 on Interior and Insular Affairs Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Senate Commltl88 on Energy and Natural Resources TWELVE Home Drug Infusion The11py Under Medlca11, May1992 Requested by: Senate Commltble on Rnance Evaluallon or Iha Oregon Medicaid Proposal, MaJ1 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce Thi M11apuse, 81111011 ThlrapyandWltmn's Hua---aac11111u1d Paper, May 1992 Requested by: Congresslonal caucus tor Women's Issues Senators Brock Adams and Barbara Mlkulskl Representative Henry waxman Farell Service Pllnnlng: Accammedlllng USU. Plldaclng Oalpult, and Buslll1lng E-,sta. March 1992 Requested by: House Commltl88 on Agrfcutture House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Senate Committee on Agrlculture, Nutrition, and Forestry AdDIISCIRI HeaD, Vol. II: Background and lhl EIIICU.ness of Bele&ttd Prnenllon and Trlllment Servlce1, Nmmber 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Senate Commltl88 on Appropriations Senate Select Commltlee on Indian Affairs Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Senate Commltl88 on Rnance Senate Committee on Small Business Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources Senate Commltl88 on veterans Affairs 11V In lhe Health Cira Wltrlqtllce, Novemller 1991 Requested by Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources Medlcal Menftorlng md Screening Ill Iba Wollpllce: Remis 011 Bura,-llcllgreund Paper, Octoller 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources Blolechnology In a Global Economy, October 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Senate Commltlee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Senate Commltlee on the Budget
PAGE 18
Science, Infonnation, and 9\&turaf ~esources 'Division As Congress' analytical needs have evolved, so has OTA's Division of Science, Information, and Natural Resources: broad expertise in environmental, educational, and computing technologies and policy was developed to complement the division's original and continuing responsibilities of oceans, transportation, science policy, and communications. Specialized expertise was acquired in areas as diverse as space, information privacy and security, illegal drug trafficking, intellectual property, and some aspects of economic development, mineral resources, and weapons dismantlement The program now called Oceans and Environment was established in 197 4 when the Senate's National Ocean Policy Study spearheaded a number of ocean-related initiatives. Its November 1976 study on offshore energy systems was one of the early models for technology assessments done by OTA. From this and other early studies, OTA learned that heavy reliance on large outside contractors was inappropriate for the kinds of studies expected by the Congress. OTA's work style quickly adjusted, with the integration task falling mainly on inhouse staff, who, in tum, used workshops, small contracts, and panels to gather the needed data for the assessments. OTA's fellowship program, started in 19n, provided the environmental talent that enabled the program to support Congress in such new and important areas as acid rain, urban ozone, global warming, solid waste, medical waste, and marine pollution. Two of the six fellows who helped in this effort continue as permanent employees today. In March 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker accident resulted in the largest oil spill in U.S. history, several Congressional committees asked for OTA assistance. Findings from an assessment on oil transportation by tankers produced by the Oceans Program in 1975 were still valid and pertinent. The approaches outlined for reducing pollution and improving tanker safety in this report were essentially those adopted in new tanker safety legislation passed by the Congress. The Telecommunication and Computing Technologies Program (TCT) has focused on three general areas: (1) Improving government communication and information services; (2) preserving individual rights of privacy, security, intellectual property, freedom of expression, and equitable access; and (3) enhancing the competitive position of America through the deployment of communication and information technologies. TCT's reports balance the perspectives of the user community with those of the industry. This insistence that users' views are as important as those of manufacturers, vendors, and technology promoters is what sets these reports apart. THIRTEEN
PAGE 19
Regarding government services, TCT has assisted the Congress in trying to improve the performance of the Internal Revenue Service, the Postal Service, Veterans Administration hospitals, and the National Crime Information Center. TCT is currently assessing the potential of future technology to deliver government services to the public more efficiently at less cost. From the emergence of the personal computer and networking as major forces in the information revolution in the early 1980s, TCT has dealt with the threat of modern communication technologies to privacy, security, and human dignity: the prospect of electronic surveillance by the government and private employers has been considered from several perspectives; security has become more important as business and personal transactions are increasingly carried out electronically, and has weighed heavily in several studies; and the sanctity of personal electronic medical records and the value of such information to those who would abuse it has become a major concern that is under study. Telecommunication and computing technologies are changing the global economic structure. OTA has tracked the evolution of this development from the early years of computers through the structural changes of the telecommunication industry resulting from the AT&T divestiture and deregulation. TCT has assessed the impact of this evolution on several areas of business and commerce, e.g., global and domestic stock markets, financial services, and health services. Wirelesstelecommunications--e.g., cellular telephone and personal communication devices-are the wave of the future. TCT has evaluated these technologies in the context of service delivery and global economic development as a function of technology, public policy, and international commerce. Supercomputers have become an integral part of research, design, and engineering, and are the database servers of the future in a networked society. Computing technolo-gies, especially high-performance computers and computing, have been the subject of studies that considered their role in economic competitiveness. Electronic information systems present major challenges to the constitutional protection of intellectual property, which have been the focus of several studies by TCT. OTA's program on Science, Education, and Transportation (SET), with roots going back to the agency's origins, has done pioneering work in recognizing the roles of state and local governments in carrying out federally defined policy. SET has integrated transportation/infrastructure policy work into single documents that encompass all modes and all levels of governance. Its 1986 study on transportation of hazardous materials was the first study to cover all hazardous materials and all modes of transport, including nuclear. This was thought to be an impossible analytical task, but SET's perseverance changed the way the policy community thinks about the issue. Similarly, its 1991 study on infrastructure combined both transportation and environmental components in terms of technology, finance, and management By 1980, OTA had recognized the importance of education as a critical aspect of our national needs, and the value of technology to enhance education for all learners, and began to explore these issues. Added to the SET agenda in 1985, education quickly became a prime focus for study. The education documents have been the most widely distributed category of OTA studies. SET's 1991 report on federally funded research is a seminal document for a new approach to science policy. The framework established in this study has affected congressional and Executive thinking on the funding and management of basic research. FOURTEEN Disposal of Chemical Weapons: AHernatlve Tachnologlas, June 1992 Requested by: Senator Wendell Ford Finding a Balance: Computer Software, Intellectual Property and the Challenge of Tachnologlcal Change, May 1992 Requested by: House Committee on the Judiciary Managing Industrial Solld wastes from Manufacturing, Mining, OIi and Gas Production, and UtllHy Coal Combustion, March 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce Alaskan water for California?: The Subsaa Pipeline Option, March 1992 Requested by: Representative George Brown Representative Edward Roybal Representative Don Young Global Standards: Bulldlng Blocks for the Future, March 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Tasting In American Schools: Asking the Right Questions, February 1992 Requested by: House Committee on Education and Labor Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources The 1992 World Administrative Radio Conference: The U.S. International Spectrum Polley, November 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Energy and Commerce Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation The FBI Fingerprint Identification Automation Program: Issues & Options, November 1991 Requested by: House Committee on the Judiciary Miniaturization Tachnologles, November 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Dioxin Treatment Technologies, November 1991 Requested by: Representative Richard Gephardt New Ways: TIHrotor Aircraft and Magnetlcally Lavltated Vehlclas, October 1991 Requested by: House Committee on Appropriations
PAGE 20
'IeclinoCogy .9lssessment Jllbroatf The concept of technology assessment was developed in Congress two decades ago, and for many years OTA was the only significant practitioner of the discipline. In recent years, however, there has been growing interest abroad, particularly in Europe. Offices have been created in France (1983), the Netherlands (1986), Denmark (1986), the European Community (1987), the United Kingdom (1988), and Germany (1989). Related activities are taking place in Sweden and Austria, and interest has been expressed in Russia, China, Japan, Taiwan, Switzer1and, Hungary, and Mexico. OTA has been a model for these groups. All six operating offices do the same kind of objective, societal impact analysis and policy analysis that characterizes OTA's work. All have been designed to serve parliaments, not ministries. Many delegations have visited OTA, and OTA reports serve as guidelines for methodology and databases. There also are some differences. All European offices are quite small. Collectively, they have less than half the staff and budget of OTA. In France, the members of par1iament themselves serve as analysts and authors of reports, and the office has a staff of only three. The par1iamentarian form of government also imposes different operating conditions because par1iament and ministries generally are more integrated than are Congress and the executive departments. In several countries, including Denmark and the Nether1ands, the offices serve a broader constituency than just Par1iament, seeing themselves as conduits for communication among political leaders, technology proponents, and society as a whole. Until very recently, the relationship between OTA and the European offices was largely one-sided; the Europeans would visit here and use our reports. This has started to evolve Into a more equal partnership, a change which should prove very valuable for OTA. Our counterparts are sources of information and contacts. Eventually, joint projects may be envisioned. Such cooperation will be of increasing importance as the international component of OTA studies grows along with the increase of international trade and the recognition of common problems. In addition, cooperation on methodology may provide new techniques and perspectives. One difficulty is that while most of our colleagues abroad speak English, they write their reports in their native language. Until more are translated, report exchange will continue to be largely one-sided. Recent international interactions have promoted cooperation in technology assessment. The European offices have established a network for the exchange of information and have held three conferences, the latest in November 1992 on ''Technology & Democracy" in Copenhagen. The United Nations organized a workshop on ''Technology Assessment for Developing Countries," hosted by OTA in November 1991. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Austrian Academy of Sciences organized a "Symposium on Technology Assessment'' in 1989. OTA has participated in most of these activities. OTA welcomes the development of peer agencies and new technology assessment initiatives abroad. A growing international trend toward thoughtful policy analysis of science and technology issues will benefit everyone and provide stimulating new opportunities for cooperation. FIFTEEN
PAGE 21
Worl(in Progress at 'Year-'End More than 40 projects were in progress during fiscal year 1992. In addition, 18 new studies were undertaken. This section lists the titles of assessments underway or in press, as of September 30, 1992. For a full description of these projects, please refer to the current "Assessment Activities," OTA-PC-105. This pamphlet is available from OTA by calling the Publication's Request Line (202) 224-8996. ENERGY, MATERIALS, AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY DIVISION Energy and Materials Program U.S. energy efficiency: past trends and future opportunities Renewable energy technology: research development and commercial prospects Aging nuclear powerplants: life attainment, license extension and decommissioning Energy and environmental technology trans-fer to Central and Eastern Europe Industry, Technology, and Employment Program Technology opportunities for economic conversion American industry and the environment: implications for trade and U.S. competitiveness Multinational corporations and U.S. tech-nology base International Security and Commerce Program Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction Earth observation systems Assessing the potential integration of defense and civilian technology and manufacturing HEALTH AND LIFE SCIENCES DIVISION Biological Applications Program Research on health risk assessment Technologies for understanding the root causes of substance abuse and addiction OSHA's selection of control technologies and assessments of their impacts and costs The human genome project and patenting human DNA sequences Food and Renewable Resources Program Alternative coca reduction strategies in the Andean region Non-indigenous species in the United States Science and technology, renewable resources and international development Health Program Monitoring of mandated veteran studies Drug labeling in developing countries Government policies and phannaceutical research and development Technology, insurance and the health care system Federal response to AIDS: congressional issues Defensive medicine and the use of medical technology International differences in health technology, services and economics Tuberculosis: research, technological and policy issues Policy issues in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis Prospects for health technology assessment Appointment and monitoring of the Prospective Payment Assessment Commission and the Physician Payment Review Commission alXTEEN SCIENCE, INFORMATION, AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION Oceans and Environment Program Systems at risk from climate change Managing nuclear materials from war-heads Science, Education, and Transportation Program Technologies for adult literacy Intercity bus access for individuals with disabilities Federal aviation research and technology \ucational education assessment instruments Telecommunication and Computing Technologies Program Federal telecommunications for the 21st century: transfonning the delivery of government services 1992 World Administrative Radio Conference outcomes and implications International telecommunications networks and U.S.-European trade in services Privacy rights in computerized medical information The electronic enterprise: opportunities for American business and industry
PAGE 22
'Teclino{ogy Jllssessment fll.dvisory Counci{ The Technology Assessment Advisory Council (TAAC) was established by OTA's statute, and members are appointed by OTA's Congressional Technology Assessment Board (TAB). The Council advises TAB and the Director on issues and other matters related to science, technology, and technology assessment. MEMBERS CHASEN. PETERSON, Chairman Dr. Peterson was President of the University of Utah. He practiced medicine at the Salt Lake Clinic and taught at the LDS Hospital and University of Utah Medical School until his appointment as Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid at Harvard College. There he also served as Vice President for Alumni Affairs and Development. Dr. Peterson returned to the University of Utah in 1978 as Vice President for Health Sciences, and has served as University President since 1983. JOSHUA LEDERBERG, Vice Chairman Dr. Lederberg was President of Rockefeller University, New York. He is the former Chairman of the Department of Genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and is a Nobel Laureate in Physiology and Medicine. LEWIS M. BRANSCOMB Dr. Branscomb is the Albert Pratt Public Service Professor at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He is a former executive of International Business Machines. Prior to joining I BM, he was the Director of the National Bureau of Standards. MICHEL T. HALBOUTY Mr. Halbouty is Chairman of the Board of Michel T. Halbouty Energy Co. in Houston, Texas. Prior to establishing his company, he was a chief geologist and petroleum engineer with Glenn H. McCarthy and also with Yount-Lee Oil Co. NEILE. HARL Dr. Han is the Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor of Economics at Iowa State University, where he has served on the faculty since 1964. JAMES HUNT Dr. Hunt is the Chancellor of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis. He previously served as the Dean of Medicine for the University and as Chairman of the Department of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic. HENRY KOFFLER Dr. Koffler is President and Professor of Biochemistry and Microbiology at the University of Arizona. He previously served on the faculties of the University of Massachusetts, University of Minnesota, and Purdue University. MAX LENNON Dr. Lennon is President of Clemson University. He previously served on the faculties of Ohio State University {VicePresident for Agricultural Administration and Executive Dean for Agriculture, Home Economics and Natural Resources), University of Missouri, and Texas Tech University. SEVENTEEN JOHN F.M. SIMS Dr. Sims is Vice President for Marketing for Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc. He previously served as Director of the Office of Mineral Development with the Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic Development. Dr. Sims also taught Geological Engineering at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. MARINA v.N. WHITMAN Dr. Whitman is Vice President and Group Executive for Public Affairs Staffs Group at General Motors Corporation. She also served as Vice President and Chief Economist at General Motors. Prior to joining General Motors she taught at the University of Pittsburgh. STATUTORY MEMBERS CHARLES A. BOWSHER Mr. Bowsher is Comptroller General of the United States and Director of the U.S. General Accounting Office. JOSEPH E. ROSS Mr. Ross is Director of the Congressional Research Service, U. S. Library of Congress.
PAGE 23
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR John H. Gibbons, Director Susanne Bachtel, Executive Assistant Holly Gwin, General Counsel Barbara Murphy, Division Assistant GIida Squire, Secretary Congranlonal and Publlc Affairs James Jensen, Director, Congressional Affairs Jean McDonald, Director, Press Affairs Barbara Ketchum, Administrative Secretary Karen Piccione, Administrative Assistant Eugenia Ufholz, Congressional Affairs Officer Fiscal year '92 breakdown (in thousands) 15,000 12,000 9000 6000 3000 0 I B. t:' e G C ::, I C B. e i I 0, i "?: J "S .Q l N g g-l a.: fl)' CZ> ? .I 0.. a.: I i cc J! 9 8 -~ i cc O'IJ21 Staff ENERGY, MATERIALS, AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY DIVISION Lionel S. Johns, Assistant Director Beth Alexiou, Division Assistant Henry Kelly, Senior Associate Energy and Materials Program Peter Blair, Program Manager Tina Aikens, Secretary Samuel Baldwin, Senior Analyst Pldge Chapman, Office Administrator Alan Crane, Senior Associate Joy Dunkerley, Senior Analyst Gregory Eyrlng, Senior Analyst Paul Komor, Senior Analyst Karen Larsen, Senior Analyst Linda Long, Administrative Secretary John Newman, Senior Analyst Steven Plotkin, Senior Associate Robin Roy, Senior Analyst Industry, Technology, and Employment Program Audrey Buyrn, Program Manager John Alie, Senior Associate Wendell Fletcher, Senior Associate Kitty GIiiman, Senior Associate Julie Gorte, Senior Associate Carol Guntow, Office Administrator WIiiiam Keller, Senior Analyst Gretchen Kolsrud, Senior Associate Robert Weissler, Senior Analyst Diane White, Administrative Secretary International Security and Commerce Program Alan Shaw, Program Manager Jacquellne Boykin, Office Administrator Michael Callaham, Senior Analyst Arthur Charo, Senior Analyst Gerald Epstein, Senior Analyst Anthony Falnberg, Senior Associate Thomas Karas, Senior Associate Brian Mccue, Senior Analyst Jack Nunn, Senior Analyst Louise Staley, Administrative Secretary Christopher Waychoff, Analyst Ray WIiiiamson, Senior Associate EIGHTEEN HEALTH AND LIFE SCIENCES DIVISION Roger Herdman, Assistant Director Barbara Murphy, Division Assistant Kerry Kemp, Analyst Biological Applications Program Michael Gough, Program Manager Laura Lee Hall, Analyst Jacqueline Keller, Research Assistant Jene Lewis, Administrative Secretary David Uskowsky, Senior Analyst Robyn Nlshlml, Senior Associate Kevin O'Connor, Senior Analyst Cecile Parker, Office Administrator Linda Rayford, PC Specialist Food and Renewable Resources Program waiter E. Parham, Program Manager Elizabeth Chornesky, Analyst Patricia Durana, Analyst Nellie Hammond, Administrative Secretary Alison Hess, Senior Analyst Nathaniel Lewis, Office Administrator Michael Phillips, Senior Associate Carolyn Swann, PC Specialist Robin White, Analyst Phyllis Windle, Senior Associate Health Program Clyde J. Behney, Program Manager Jackie Corrigan, Senior Analyst Denise Dougherty, Senior Associate Jill Eden, Senior Analyst Hellen Gelband, Senior Associate Michael Gluck, Senior Analyst Marla Hewitt, Senior Analyst Kim Holmlund, Secretary Katie Maslow, Senior Analyst Robert McDonough, Senior Analyst EIieen Murphy, PC Specialist Elaine Power, Senior Analyst Judith Wagner, Senior Associate Leah Wolfe, Analyst
PAGE 24
SCIENCE, INFORMATION, AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION John Andelln, Assistant Dlmctor Christopher Clary, Division Assistant Oceans and Environment Program Robert Niblock, Program Manager Kathleen Bell, Office Administrator Rosina Bierbaum, Ssnlor Associate Robert Friedman, Senior Associate Emilia Govan, Ssnlor Analyst Joan Harn, Senior Analyst Peter Johnson, Senior Assoclats Tara O 'Toole, Senior Analyst German Reyes, Analyst Sally Van Aller, Administrative Secmtary WIiiiam Westermeyer, Ssnlor Analyst Science, Education, and Transportation Program Nancy Carson, Program Manager Daryl Chubln, Senior Associate Kevin Dopart, Senior Analyst Marsha Fenn, Off/cs Administrator Michael Feuer, Ssnlor Analyst Kathleen Fulton, Ssnlor Analyst Gay Jackson, PC Spsciallst Patty Morison, Analyst Linda Roberts, Ssnlor Associate Beth Robinson, Analyst Tamara Wand, Administrative Sscmtary Telecommunlcatlon and Computing Technologles Program James Curtin, Program Manager Karen Bandy, Ssnlor Analyst Paula Bruening, Analyst Alan Buzacott, Analyst Vary Coates, Ssnlor Assoclats Elizabeth Emanuel, Offlce Administrator Linda Garcia, Senior Assoclats Emilio Gonzalez, Analyst Todd LaPorte, Analyst Karolyn St. Clair, PC Sf)8clallst Joan Winston, Ssnlor Analyst Fred Wood, Senior Assoclats David Wye, Analyst Jo Anne Young, Secmtary Psychology, social work, education and sociology Public policy, political science Social sciences Physics Ecology, environmental sciences, geology, energy resource management, geography Engineering Economics and business Law Communications, journalism, and library science Public administration, government, international affairs, regional studies, and industrial relations Medicine and public health Biology, physiology, pharmacology and chemistry 1:::J, : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: }::::: :::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: ::]:::::: :y}::rn:: I go1o i::::::::: .. ::::::::::::::::: y:::):}:::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::1 6% I .. .::::::::::::::::-::::::::::::::-:::-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-::::=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::! >> /::::::( :::::: :<< :Jy: 8% ':::::: : : y:: : : : : :: ::::::: :::, ::: ::: : :: : :: ::: ::::: ::: : ::::::::1 6% F : : : : :: : ::::::::Yr: +:::: r:::: :: :::::::::: ::x1 6% 1 :::: : : :::::\:::::+: :::::: ::: ::: ::::1 s% _,_.,_,.,_=_:_ ..-.-:-:-::-:-:-:-:-:-.-:-:-:-.-::-:-:-:1 I }::::::::::+:: 3% OTA is composed of 143 permanent staff members, of which 75 percent are analytical and 25 percent are administrative. OPERATIONS DIVISION Bart McGarry, 0{)8ratlons Managsr Budget and Finance Jack Boertleln, Budgst and Rnancs Offlcsr Carolyn Datcher, Ssnior Accounting Tschnician Frances Hemingway, Senior Rnance Analyst Carrie Miller, Accounting Tschnlclan Contract and Bulldlng Services Holly Gwin, Dlmctor of Contracts Karen Cox, Contracts Officer Information Management and Publllhlng Services Martha Dexter, Dlmctor, Information Managsment and Publishing Ssrvlces Information Marketing Debra Datcher, Information Marksting Officer Publlshlng Office Mary Lou Higgs, Manager, Publishing Services Dorinda Edmondson, Ssnior Elsctronlc Publlshing Spsclalist J. Christine Onrubla, Senior Graphic Designer NINETEEN Telecommunlcatlons and Information Systems Sylvester Boyd, Manager, Telscommunlcatlons and Information Systems Larry Bond, Senior Systems Analyst Mary Beth Breitbach, Systems Support Analyst Brenda Hahn, Systems Support Analyst Philip Jackson, Senior Systems Integrator Information Canter Gall Kourtl, Manager, Information & Confemncs Services Debra_ Mccurry, Assistant Manager, Information Servlcss Linda Trout, Ubrarfan Keith West, Information Tschnlclan Personnel Services William Norris, Personnel Dlmctor Lola Craw, Payroll/BBneflts Officer Laura Ellinger, Administrative Assistant Gall Turner, Personnel Sf)8clallst Medlcal Services Janet Hammond
PAGE 25
aI.9L .9Lwarcfs and ~e{{owsliip Programs OTA REPORTS RECOGNIZED AS NOTABLE In May 1992, the American Library Association's Government Documents Round Table announced its list of Notable Government Documents for 1991. Of the 21 Federal governmentdocuments recognized, five were OTA reports: Changing by Degrees: Steps to Reduce Greenhouse Gases, Oceans and Environment Program, Rosina Bierbaum, Project Director Complex Cleanup: The Environmental Legacy of Nuclear Weapons Production, Oceans and Environment Program, Peter Johnson, Project Director Genetic Monitoring and Screening in the Workplace, Biological Applications Program, Margaret Anderson, Project Director Global Arms Trade, International Security and Commerce Program, Bill Keller, Project Director Health Care in Rural America, Health Program, Elaine Power, Project Director The Government Documents Round Table selects those documents considered to be the best of the government information sources produced in the previous year. These documents "expand our knowledge, enhance the quality of life, and/or contribute to an understanding of government." BLUE PENCIL AWARDS The National Association of Government Communicators conducts the Blue Pencil Competition as an annual recognition of outstanding government communications projects and producers. Entries are Judged on writing, editorial content, layout and design, achievement of purpose and cost effectiveness. This year four OTA reports were recognized in the Blue Pencil Competition: Exploring the Moon and Mars: Choices for the Nation, International Security and Commerce Program, Ray Williamson, Project Director, First Place, Monographs Category Redesigning Defense: Planning the Transition to the Future U.S. Defense Industrial Base, International Security and Commerce Program, Jack Nunn, Project Director, Second Place, Technical Audience Category Energy Efficiency in the Federal Government: Government by Good Example?, Energy and Materials Program, Robin Roy, Project Director, Third Place, Monographs Category HIV in the Health Care Workplace, Health Program, Maria Hewitt/Michael Gluck, Project Directors, Honorable Mention, Monographs Category THE MORRIS K. UDALL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM The Udall Fellowship Program is awarded to up to six individuals each year for a one-year appointment at OTA. It was established in 1991 by the Technology Assessment Board in honor of Morris K. Udall, retired congressman from Arizona who served 30 years in the House of Representatives and 18 years on the Technology Assessment Board. Qualified candidates must demonstrate exceptional ability in areas needed in OTA's work, such as the physical or biological sciences, engineering, law, economics, environmental and social sciences, and public policy. Candidates must have significant experience in technical fields or management or have completed research at the doctoral level. TWliNTV FELLOW, 1991-92 Carol Edwards, Science, Education, and Transportation Program FELLOWS, 1992-93 Lucian Hughes, Industry, Technology and Employment Program Thomas Vischi, Biological Applications Program CONGRESSIONAL FELLOWSHIP IN HEALTH POLICY The Milbank Memorial Fund and the Office of Technology Assessment established the Congressional Fellowship in Health Policy in 1992 to be served at OTA beginning in September 1992. The program seeks candidates with substantial training and experience in research and strong interest in health policy. The fellowship provides an opportunity for an individual of proven ability and considerable promise to work with OTA researchers to assist Congress in its deliberations of science and technology issues affecting our Nation's health policy and to gain a better understanding of the ways in which Congress establishes national policy related to these issues. The Fund and OTA invited applications from individuals who have demonstrated ability in research on issues of health policy. Applicants should have doctorates in the social sciences or related areas or have terminal scientific or professional degrees and considerable training in research using the policy sciences. FELLOW, 1992-93 Sean Tunis, Health Program
PAGE 26
Mvisors ana Pane{ Members* Energy and Materials Program MING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ADVIIORY PANEL Richard E. Schuler, Chairman Professor School of Civil and Envlronmenlal Engineering Cornell University Peter Bradford Commissioner New York Publlc Service Commission Richard W. Devane President Framatome USA, Inc. Wllllam Domslfe Aeling Dlractor Bureau of Radiation Protection Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources S. David Freeman General Manager Sacramento Munlclpal Utility District Michael W. Golay Professor Department of Nuclear Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jerome Goldberg President Nuclear Division Florida Power and Light Company Howard HIiier Vice President Salomon Brothers Leonard Hyman Arst Vice President Merrill Lynch Gapltal Markets James Joosten Principal Administrator OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency George J. K011Z8k Senior Research Engineer Waste Systems Department Battelle, Pacific Northwest Lab Martin J. Pasqualetll Professor Department of Geography Arizona State University Robert Pollard Senior Nuclear Safely Engineer Union of Concerned Scientists Danlel w. Relcher Senior Attorney Natural Resources Defense Council Gas Robinson Commissioner Georgia Public Service Commission John J. Taylor Vice President Nuclear Power Division Electrlc Power Research lnstltulll H.B. Tucker Senior Vice President Nuclear Generation Group Duke Power Co. Nat Woodson Vice President and General Manager Westinghouse Bectrlc Corp. Henry Norman Executive Director Volunteers In Technical Assistance Mrs. Waafas Ofosu-Amaah Project Director World Wide Network R.K. Pachaurl Director TATA Energy Research Institute D. Lou Peoples Senior Vice President RCGJHagler, Bailly, Inc. ENERGY, TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Gabriel Sanchez-Sierra IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ADVISORY PANEL Executive Director Harry G. Barnes, Jr., Chairman Executive Dlractor Critical Languages & Area Studies Consortium Irma Adelman Professor Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics University of California, Berkeley Jeffrey Anderson Director Comparative Country Analysis Institute of International Rnance Edward S. 1nsu President Pan-African Union for Science & Technology Gerald Barnes Manager International Regulations Department General Motors Mohamed T. EI-Ashry Director of Environment Ytuld Bank Erik Helland-Hansen Prlnclpal Technical Advisor Bureau of Program Polley & Evaluation United Nations Development Programme Gari N. Hodges Director Environmental Research Laboratory University of Arizona Donald Jost Manager Technology Department Sun Refining and Marketing Amory Lovins Director Research Department Rocky Mounlaln Institute Mohan Munaslnghe Chief Environment Department World Bank OLADE Kirk R. Smith Program Coordinator Risk, Resources, & Development Environment & Polley Institute Irving Snyder Director Research and Development Dow Chemical Co. Thomas B. Stoel, Jr. Private Consultant Jack W. WIikinson Chief Economist & Director International Economics Sun Refining & Marketing Co. Robert H. WIiiiams Senior Research Scientist Center for Energy and Envtronmenlal Studies Princeton University Lu Ylngzhong Professor Professional Analysis Inc. Montague Yudelman Senior Fellow Ytuld WIidiife Fund and The Conservation Foundation Eugene 2eltmann Manager Trade & Industry Associations General Electrlc Co. GREEN PRODUCTS BY DESIGN: CHOICES FOR A CLEANER ENVIRDENT ADVISORY PANEL Indira Nair, Chairman Associate Head Department of Engineering and Public Polley Carnegie Mellon Unlwrslty Aff11fatio11B ,,. at tifTltl of appo/ntm611t to pan,/ or workshop. TWENTY-ONE
PAGE 27
Frank van den Akker Head Department of Environmental Technology Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning, and the Environment The Netherlands Harvey Alter Manager Resources Polley Department U.S. Chamber of Commerce David Chittick Vice President Environment and Safety Engineering AT&T Michael G. DeCata Manager Materials Management GE Plastics Michael A. Gallo Professor Environmental and Community Medicine University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Garlno Director Commodities Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries Gil Gavlin President Gavlin Associates, Inc. Denis Hayes Chair and CEO (member Energy Foundation) Green Seal Kenneth Hunnlbell Professor and Head Industrial Design Department Rhode Island School of Design Richard L. Klimisch Executive Director Environmental Activities Staff General Motors Corporation Michael H. Levin Counsel Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle Stewart Mosberg Senior Director of Client Services waiter Darwin Teague Associates, Inc. Thomas Rattray Associate Director Product Packaging Development Procter & Gamble Co. Clifford S. Russell Director Vanderbllt Institute for Public Policy Studies Vanderbllt University Mary T. Sheil Senior Polley Analyst Office of Polley Planning New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy T.S. Sudarshan Technical Director Materials Modifications, Inc. Don Thelssen Director Corporate Product Responsibility 3M Co. Jeanne Wlrka Private Consultant Dennis A. Yao Commissioner Federal Trade Commission RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIAL PROSPECTS ADVISORY PANEL Robert W. Fri, Chairman President Resources for the Future Jim Batchelor Vice President Technical Services SF Services, Inc. Art Brooks President Sun Earth, Inc. Edward J. Carlough General President Sheet Metal Workers International John Corsi Chairman and CEO Solarex David Dawson Forest Policy Consultant w. Densmore Hunter Department Manager Process R&D VYayerhauser Co. Renz D. Jennings Chairman Arizona Corp. Commission David Kearney President Kearney and Associates John Kennedy Chief Engineer-Space Systems Allied-Signal Aerospace, Air Research Los Angeles Division Alden Meyer Director Climate Change and Energy Program Union of Concerned Scientists Roberta Nichols Manager, Bectrlc Vehlcle Strategy and Planning Technical Affairs Ford Motor Co. Mike Nicklas President Innovative Design TWl!NTV-TWO Dale Osborn President U.S. Wlndpower, Inc. Blzabeth Paine Commissioner State of Maine Bruce Pasternak Senior Vice President Managing Officer, Energy Practice Booz, Allen, and Hamilton Maria Richter Vice President Salomon Brothers, Inc. Victor Shala President New Energy Corporation of Indiana Scott Sklar Executive Director Solar Energy Industries Association Carl Weinberg Manager Research and Development Pacific Gas & Electrlc Co. Robert H. Williams Senior Research Scientist Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Princeton University Kurt E. Yeager Senior Vice President Technical Operations Electric Power Research Institute U.S. ENERGY EFFICIENCY ADVISORY PANEL James F. Gibbons, Chairman Dean School of Engineering Stanford University Dale Compton Professor School of Industrial Engineering Purdue University Marc Cooper Director of Research Consumers Federation of America Robert deHaan Director of Engineering Amana Refrigeration Company Daniel A. Dreyfus Vice President Strategic Planning & Analysis Gas Research Institute Clark W. Gellings Director Customer Systems Division Electric Power Research Institute David B. Goldstein Senior Scientist Natural Resources Defense Councll Cheryl Harrington Director Regulatory Assistance Project
PAGE 28
Kenneth Hickman Vice President Applied Systems Division The York International Corporation Edward Mcinerney Chief Engineer GE Appliance Division General Electrlc Company Alan MIiier Profassor Center for Global Change UnlversHy of Ma,yland--College Park Gary Nakarado Commissioner Publlc Utlllty Commission of Colorado JohnW. Rowe President and Chief Executive Officer New England Bectrlc System Maxine Savitz Director Garrett Ceramic Components AIHed-Slgnal Aerospace Sherwood Smith Chalnnan & President Carolina Power & Light Company Richard Tracey Director of Engineering Services Ryland Homes B.C.\YaycaslBr Vice President & General Manager Hydrocarbons & Energy Department Dow Chemical lrvln White Senior Director Laboratory Energy Program Batlllle Paclflc Northwest Labs Mason WIiirich President Pacific Gas and Bectrlc Enterprise James L. Wolf Executive Director The Alliance to Save Energy Eric R. Zausner President Strategic Performance Management ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE WORKSHOP ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ELECTRIC UTIUTIES WORKSHOP OIL SUPPLY DISRUPTION OIL REPUCEMENT CAPABILITY WORKSHOP PASSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES WORKSHOP Industry, Technology, and Employment Program AMERICAN INDUSTRY AND ENVIRO-ENT ADVmORY PANEL Roland W. Schmitt, Chairman President Rensselaer Polytechnic I nstltute Edgar Berkey President National Environmental Technology Appllcallons Corp. Judith Dean Associate Profassor of Economics School of AdVanced & International Studies Johns Hopkins University Robert E. Driscoll President Paul Ralls Board Member Callfomla Integrated Waste Management Board Maxine Savitz Director Garrett Ceramic Components Allled-Slgnal Aerospace Samuel A. Schulhof Director Environmental Research Center General Bectrlc Co. James Selover Principal Selover Assoclal8s Margaret Seminario Director Department of Occupational Safety & Health AFL-CIO U.S.-ASEAN Council for Business and Technology, John J. Sheehan Inc. Legislative Director & Assistant to the President Peter Emerson Senior Economist Environmental Defense Fund Harry L. Foster Senior Economist Product Planning and Economics S1aff General Motors Stewart J. Hudson Lsglslatlve Representative International Affairs Department National WlklHfe ftderation Mary Kelly Executive Director Texas Center for Polley Studies Jeffrey Lsonard President Global Environment Fund David S. Marsh President Marsh Plating Corp. Jessica t Matthews Vice President World Resources Institute Robert S. McNamara Trustee U.S.-Japan Foundation J.A. Meyer Senior Vice President Chevron Research & Technology Co. tc. Parsons Executive Director Center for Industrial Services University of Tennessee--Nashvllle Lawrence Ross Director Center for Waste Reduction Technologies American Institute of Chemical Engineers Martyn Rlddle Chfef Environmental Unit International Rnance Gorp. United Steelworkers of America Sally Shelton Former U.S. Ambassador of Eastern Garlbbean Countries MUIJINATIONAL FIRMS I THE U.S. TECHNOLOGY BASE ADVISORY PANEL Jay Chai Chalnnan and CEO C. ltoh and Company Alfred Chandler Professor HalVard Business School Kenneth Ramm Senior Fellow 1be Brookings Institution Stanley J. Adleman Senior Vice President Englnglneertng, Safety & Environment Merck Lawrence M. Friedman Professor Stanford Law School R. Scott Fosler President National Academy of Public Administration Bien L. Frost Senior Fellow Institute for International Economics William Greider National Editor Ro/Ung Stone Richard W. Helmllch Corporate Vice President International Strategy Motorola, Inc. Robert J. Hermann Vice Pmld9nt Science and Technology United Technolaoy Corp.
PAGE 29
Jeffrey Leonard President Global Environment Fund Theordore J. Lowl John L. Senior Professor of American lnstltullons Government Department Cornell University David A. Marlde Vice President Advanced Technology Ultratech Stepper Oscar B. Marx, Ill Vice President Automotlw Components Group Ford Motor Company WIiiiam D. Mulholland Bank of Montreal lndraNooyl Vice President Strategy & Planning Asea Brown & Boverl, Inc. Rudy Oswald Director Economics Research Depart. AR...CIO JamesF. RIii Partner Colller, Shannon, RIii and Scott Richard B. Samuels Ford International Professor and Head, Department of Polltlcal Science Director of MIT Japan Program Massachusetts lnstltulB of Technology Steven Schlossteln President SBS Associates, Inc. Peter SChavolr IBM Director of Stratagy IBM Harley Shalken Professor Department of Communications University of CalHornia-San Diego Raymond Vernon Clarence DIiion Professor or International Affairs Emertbls John F. Kennedy School or Government Harvard University 1ECHNOLDGY AND DEFENSE CONVERSION ADVISORY PANEL McGeorge Bundy, Chainnan Professor Emeritus of History New York University Michael Borrus Deputy Director Berkeley Roundtable on International Economics University of Gallfornla Kent H. Bowen Professor Technology and Operations Management Harwrd Business SChOOI Charles Bradford Director Occupational Safety & Health and Community Services International Association or Machinists and Aerospace Workers Robert S. Carlton Vice President Community and Business Services Jackson Community College, Jackson, Ml Philip W. Cheney Vice President of Engineering Raytheon Co. Robert S. Cooper President, CEO & Chairman of Board of Directors Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corp. Christopher Demlsch Executive Vice President Craig Drill Capital Robert C. Dynes Professor Department of Physics University of California, San Diego Craig Raids President Chief Technical Officer & Chief Operating Officer Mlcroelectronlcs & Computer Technology Corp. Arthur Aathers Director of Independent R&D GE Aerospace Douglas Fraser Professor Labor Studies Wayne Stala UnlversHy Gregory S. Frisby Chief Executive Officer Frisby Airborne H)'draullcs Donald A. Hicks Professor Polltlcal Economy The Bruton Center for Development Studies University of Texas, Dallas Frank J. Lewis Senior Vice President and Special Assistant to Chairman & CEO Harris Corp. John P. McTague Vice President for Technical Affairs Ford Motor Co. Ann Markusen Professor Director of the Project on Regional & Industrial Economics Rutgers University Basll Papadales Site Manager W.J. Schafer Associates, Inc. Jack Simon Manager Government R&D Programs General Motors, Washington Office TWENTY-FOUR Suzanne Teegarden Executive Director Industrial Services Program State of Massachusetts Charles D. Vollmer Vice President Technology Initiatives Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. 1ECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND U.S. TRADEADVISORY PANEL Peter J. Sharfman, Chairman Director of Polley Analysis The MITRE Corp. Allee Amsden Graduate Faculty Economics Department New SChool or Social Research Marietta L. Baba Professor of Anthropology and Acting Chair Department of Anthropology Wayne Stal8 University WOifgang Demlsch Managing Director Director or Research UBS Securities Jean-Jacques Duby Group Director Science & Technology IBM-Europe Mark Eaton Director International & Associates Program Mlcroeleclronlcs & Computer Technology Corp. John T. Eby Executive Director Corporala Strategy Ford Motor Co. Larry French Consultant Glen S. Fukushima Director Public Polley & Business Development AT&T Japan Ltd. Edward Graham Research Fellow Institute for International Economics Joseph A. Greenwald Attorney/Consultant Howard Greis President Klnefac Corp. P818rHall Professor Government HaMrd University F. WIiiiam Hawley Director Governmental Relations for International Affairs Citicorp
PAGE 30
Sanford Kane President & CEO PCO, Inc. Robert Kuttner Economics Correspondent The New Republic Alek A. Mikolajczak Vice President Technology and New Business Rohr I ndustrles Susan Pharr Professor or Government and Director U.S.-Japan Relations Program U.S. Japan Program--Harwrd University Margaret Sharp Senior Research Fellow Science Polley Research Unit University of Sussex, East Sussex, England Laura Jjson Professor of Economics Director of Research, BRIE University of Gallfornla, Berkeley John D. warner Vice President Engineering Boeing Commercial Airplane Group Stephen \\oolcock Fellow U.S.MEXICO TRADE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INVESTMENT ADVISORY PANEL John Stepp, Chairman Associate Restructuring Associates Diego Asencio Former Assistant secretary or State Steven Beckman International Economist United Auto Workers Robert DUlon Executive Vice President Sony Corporation of America Johnt Eby Executive Director, Corporate Strategy Ford Motor Company Sheldon Friedman Economist AR.-CIO M. Patricia Fernandez Kelly Research Scientist and Associate Professor of Soclology The Johns Hopkins Institute for Polley Studies Peter Morici Director, The Canadian-American Center The University of Maine Harold Eugene Nichols Chairman of the Shop Committee IUE Local 717 Robert Paarlberg Chairman, Political Science Department Wellesley College Michael Plore Professor of Economics Massachusetts Institute of Technology W"dllam A. Rafl&ry President Raftery Consultants Mark Ritchie Executive Director Institute for Trade and Agrlcwture Polley Elizabeth Santillanez Polley Analyst 1Mlsl8m Governor's Association Steven Schlosssteln President SBS Associates, Inc. Robert Swadell President PALCO Sidney 'Mllntraub Dean Rusk Professor Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs University of Texas Van R. Whiting, Jr., Senior Research Fellow Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies University or Gallfomla at San Diego Len Young Director, Publlc Affairs Americas/Africa Region AT&T Raul Yzagtirre President and Chief Executive Officer National Council of La Raza International Security and Commerce Program BUILDING FUTURE SECURITY: STRATEGIES FOR RESTRUCTURING TIE U.S. DEFENSE l!CHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL BABE ADVISORY PANEL Walter B. Slocombe, Chairman Partner Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered Richard Bohlen Consultant Rockwell Robert Calaway President Resource Management International, Inc. Gordon Corlew Vice President Engineering & Production AIL Systems, Inc. Jacques S. Gansler Senior Vice President The Analytic Sciences Corp. Julius Harwood Consullant Harwood Consultant ~-.. ~----.. Wllllam W. Kaufmann Senior Fellow The Brookings Institution P.X. Kelley Cassidy & Associates Consultant James L Koontz President & CEO Kingsbury Machine Tool Corp. John Mearshelmer Professor Department or Pollllcal Science University of Chicago Thomas L McNaugher Senior Fellow The Brookings lnslltutiOn WIiiiam McNelll Professor Emeritus University or Chicago Joseph Nye Director Center for International Affairs Harvard University Donald W. Putnam Corporate Director Contracts & Technical Analysis General Dynamics Corp. Jack Rulna Professor or Bectrlcal Engineering Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Howard D. Samuel President Industrial Union Department AA.CIO Wickham Skinner Professor Emeritus Business Administration Harvard University James Solberg Professor Engineering Research Center Purdue University Gen. Wllllam Y. Smith Consultant Institute for Defense Analyses Lsonard Sullivan Consullant System Planning Corp. Admiral Hany Train Division Manager Strablglc Research & Management Services DMslon Science Applications lntematlonal Corp. Gen. John W. Vessey, Jr. Consullant Albert D. Wheelon Consullant WIiiiam J. Peny, Ex Officio Chairman & CEO Technology Strategies and Alliances
PAGE 31
EARTH OBSERVATION SYSTEMS ADVISORY PANEL Rodney w. Nichols, Chairman CEO The New York Academy of Sciences James G. Anderson Professor Department of Chemistry Harvard University D. Jam6S Baksr Director Joint Oceanographic Institute Willlam Brown President ERIM Corp. Ronald Brunner Professor Department of Political Science University of Colorado Joanne Gabrynowicz Associate Professor Center for Aerospace Sciences University of North Dakota Alexander F.H. Goetz Director Center for Study of Earth from Space University of Colorado David Goodenough Chief Research Scientist Pacific Forestry Center Forestry Canada Donald Latham Corporate Director Loral Corp. Cecil E. Leith Physicist Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory John H. McElroy Dean of Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Molly McCauley Fellow Resources for the Future Earl Merritt Vice President, Research Earthsat Corp. Alan Miller Professor Center for Global Change University of Maryland-College Park Raymond E. MIiier Professor Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Kenneth Pedersen Research Professor of International Affairs School of Foreign Service Georgetown University David T. Sandwell Geologlcal Resources Division Scripps Institute of Oceanography Donn Walklet President Terramar Corp. Albert D. Wheelan Consultant POLICE BODY ARMOR STANDARDS AND TESTING ADVISORY PANEL Lester B. Lave, Chair Professor Graduate School of Industrial Administration Carnegie-Mellon University George N. Austin, Jr. National Officer & FOP Technical Advisor on Body Armor Fraternal Order of Police, Poquoson, VA Lane Bishop Statistician Center for Applied Mathematics Allied-Signal, Inc. Alfred Blumstein Dean and J. Erik Johnson Professor School of Urban and Public Affairs Carnegie Mellon University Michael Bowman Vice President & General Manager Rbers Department E.I. DuPont DeNemours Co., Inc. Milton Brand President The Brand Consulting Group James T. Curran Professor John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York Donald R. Dunn President H.P. White Laboratory, Inc. Martin L. Fackler President International Wound Ballistics Association Michael A. Goldfarb General Surgeon Max Hennon Member of the Technical Staff Rockwell Science Center David C. Hill President Rbers Division Allied-Signal, Inc. Alexander Jason Director Center for Balllstlc Analysis Harlin R. McEwen Chief Ithaca New York Police Department Issac Papier Managing Editor Burglary Detection & Slgnallng Department Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. TWENTY-SIX Richard Stone President Point Blank Body Armor, Inc. Dieter wachter Vice President of High-Performance Fabrication Clark-Schwebel Flber~ass Corp. Robert wantz President, PPAA Director of Domestic Sales Al11Brlcan Body Armor & Equlpmsnt Co. PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION James E. Goodby, Chairman Distinguished Service Professor Carnegie-Mellon University George Anzelon Associate Division Leader Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Will D. Carpenter Consultant Lewis A. Dunn Assistant Vice President and Manager of Negotiations and Plannlng Division Science Applications International Corp. Randall Forsberg Executive Director Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies Thomas R. Fox Director Office of National Security Technology Pacific Northwest Laboratories Alan R. Goldhammer Director of Technical Affairs Industrial Biotechnology Association John M. Googln Senior Staff Consultant Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Robert G. Gough Senior Member Technical Staff Sandia National Laboratories Elisa D. Harris Senior Research Analyst The Brookings Institution Geoffrey Kemp Senior Associate Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Joshua Lederberg Professor The Rockefeller University James F. Leonard Executive Director washlngton Council on Non-Prollferatlon John W. Lewis Professor Center for International Security and Arms Control Stanford University Lee w. Mercer Corporate ExPort Manager Digital Equipment Corp.
PAGE 32
Matthew S. Meselson Professor Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Harvard University Stephen M. Meyer Professor Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Gary MllholHn Director Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control Marvin M. MIiier Senior Research Scientist Department of Nuclear Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Janna E. Nolan Senior Fellow-In-Foreign Polley The Brookings Institution WIiiiam C. Potter Director Center for Russian and Soviet Studies Monterey Institute of International Studies Barbara Hatch Rosenberg Professor Division of Natural Sciences SUNY Lawrence Schelnman Professor of Government and Associate Director Peace Studies Program Cornell University Leonard S. Spector Senior Associate Gamegle Endowment for International Peace Sergio C. Trindade President SET International, Ltd TECHNOLOGIES FOR VERIFYING A STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATY ADVISORY PANEL Rodney W. Nichols, Chairman New York Academy of Sciences James R. Blackwell Director, International Security Division Meridian Corp. Ashton Carter Director Center for Science & International Affairs J.F. Kennedy School of Government Harwrd University Sidney D. Drell Professor and Deputy Director Stanford Linear ACC Center Richard L. Garwin IBM Fellow T.J. Watson Research Center James Goodby Distinguished Service Professor Carnegie-Mellon Unlwnllty Andrew Goodpaster Chainnan The Atlantic Council Sidney Graybeal Chief Scientist Science Applications International Corp. Roger Hagengruber Vice President of Defense Sandia National Laboratories WIiiiam R. Harris International Lawyer The RAND Corp. Bobby Inman Chairman and Chief Executlw Officer Westmark Systems, Inc. Michael Krepon President Henry L. Stimson Center Stephen Lukasik Vice President and Chief SclenHst TRW/Space Defense Sector Raymond J. McCrory Consullant Ernest Mettenet Consultant Stephen Meyer Professor Department of Political Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology WIiiiam E. Odom Director of National Security Studies Hudson Institute George Rueckert Senior Analyst Meridian Corp. Albert D. Wheelon Consultant Charles A. Zraket Trustee The MITRE Corp. THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN COUNTERING TERRORISM ADVISORY PANEL Marvin Goldberger, Chairman Director Institute for Advanced Study Peter F. Bahnsen Executive Vice President MLI International, Ltd. Terry Bearce Manager Program on Low Intensity Conflict Los Alamos National Laboratory Homer Boynton Managing Director for Security American Airlines L. Paul Bremer Managing Director Kissinger Associates Chris Chicles Security Managing Consultant C.H. Chicles & Associates TWENTV-SEV&N Arthur Donahue President Softworld, Inc. Lee Grodzins Professor Physics Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology John (Chris) Hatcher Professor Department of Psychiatry University of Callfornla, San Francisco Carolyn Imamura Director of Planning & Programs Pacific Basin Development Council WIifred (BIii) Jackson Director of lntematlonal Affairs Securities Airport Operators Councll lnternaUonal Jim Jacobs Director Nuclear Security Systems Sandia National Laboratory Brian Jenkins Managing Director Kroll Associates Michael K. Johns President Johns & Bhatia Engineering Consultants, Ltd. Donald Kerr President EG&G, Inc. Joseph Krofcheck President Yarrow Assoclatas Robert Kuppennan Senior Advisor Center for Strategic & International Studies Joshua Lederberg President The Rockefeller University Richard Porter Consullant BIiiie H. Vincent Senior Vice President Aerospace Services lntematlonal, Inc. Stanley Welner Professor of Internal Medicine University of llllnols, Chicago WORKSHOP ON FUTURE TRENDS IN &LOBAL SECURITY WORKSHOP ON NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION'S OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP ON POTENTIAL MILITARY USES OF CIVILIAN SATELLITES WORKSHOP ON THE ROBOTIC EXPLORATKIN OF MOON AND MARS
PAGE 33
Blologlcal Applications Program BIOtECHNOLOOY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY ADVISORY PANEL Robert Reich, Chair l.8cturer In Public Policy John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard U nlverslty Alberto Adam Vice President, Agricultural Division American Cyanamid Co. w. Wayne Withers, Esq. Senior Vice President and General Counsel Emerson Electric CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND DNA TESTS: IMPLICATIONS OF CARRIER SCREENING ADVISORY PANEL Jessica G. Davis, Chair Co-Director Genetics Department New York Hospllal Brian Ager Arthur L. Beaudet D11'8Ctor Professor senior Advisory Group on Biotechnology, BrusselS Howard Hughes Medical lnslitubl Baylor College of Medicine Robert H. Benson, Esq. Genen18Ch, Inc. Stephen A. Bent, Esq. Foley, Lardner, and Schwartz Sarah Shoaf Cabot D11'8Ctor of Corporate Technology Affairs Centocor, Inc. Jerry Caulder President and Chief Executive Officer Mycogen Corp. Peter Drake Executive Vice President and Director of Equity Research Vector Securities Anne K. Hollander Associate The Conservation Foundation Michael Hsu President AslalPaclflc Blowntures Co. Dennis Longstreet President Ortho Blotech Kenneth J. Macek President TMS Management Lita L Nelsen Technology Licensing Officer Massachusetts Institute of Technology Richard K. Quisenberry Director of the Research Division Central Resean:h and Development Department DuPont E>cperlmental Station James P. Sherblom Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Transgenic Sciences, Inc. Donna M. Tanguay, Esq. Partner WIiiiam, Brinks, Olds, Hofer, GIison & Uone WIiiiam J. Walsh Executive Vice President and Chairman Currents International, Inc. Thomas C. Wlegele* Dl1'8Ctor, Program for Blosoclal Research Northern IUlnols University Debra L. Collins Genetic Counselor University of Kansas Medical Center Beth A. Rne Genetic Counselor/Cllnlcal Instructor Section of Reproductive Genetics Northwestern University Medical School Lynn D. Reisher Attorney Sidley & Austin Clark C. Havlghurst WIiiiam Neal Reynolds Professor of Law School Of Law Duke University John z. Jacoby, Ill Cllnlcal Assistant The Cystic Fibrosis Center St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center Anglle Khachdour General Counsel Hastings College of Law Katherine W. Klinger Vice President, Science Integrated Genetics Arthur Ufson Vice President Health Management Services CIGNA Companies Robert F. Murray, Jr. Professor Department of Pediatrics and Child Health College of Medicine-Howard University Mark Pauly Executive Dil'8Ctor Leonard Davis lnslitubl of Health Economics Wharton School-University of Pennsylvania Susan Poling Parent Thomas K. Reed, Jr. Chairman Vlvlgen, Inc. Phlllp R. Reilly President Shriver Center for Mental Retardation, Inc. Joseph D. Schulman Director Genetics & IVF Institute TWENTY-EIGHT GENETIC MONITORING AND SCREENING IN THE WORKPUCE ADVISORY PANEL Elena 0. Nlghtlngale, Chair Special Advisor to the Pl9Sldent Clmegle Corp. of New York Judy Hayes Bernhardt Professor and Department Chair Community and Mental Health Nursing East Carolina University Patricia A. Buffler Professor School of Public Health University of Texas, Houston Martin G. Chemlack Director, Occupational Health Center Lawrence and Memorial Hospital Kurt R. Fenollo Genetic Counselor California Pacific Medical Center Theodore Friedmann Professor, School of Medldne University of California, San Diego Blzabeth Evans Grasch Senior Occupational Health Physician The Dow Chemical Co. Bruce W. Karrh Vice President Safety, Health and Environmental Affairs E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Marvin S. Legator Professor Division of Environmental Toxicology UTM~alveston Lewis L Maltby Director National Task Force on Clvll Liberties In the 'M>rkplace Tony Mazzocchl Secretary-Treasurer Oil, Chemical, and Atomic 'M>rkers International Union AFLJCIO Kenneth B. MIiier Consultant, Occupational & Environmental Medicine Benjamin W. Mintz Professor of Law Columbus School of Law Catholic University Robert F. Murray, Jr. Professor and Chief DMslon of Medical Genetics Howard University College of Medicine Thomas H. Murray Professor and Director Center for Biomedical Ethics-School of Medicine Case-Western Reserve University Vincent M. Riccardi Medical Director Alflgen-The Genetics lnstttute
PAGE 34
Anthony Robbins Professor of Public Health Boston University School of Public Health Stanley Rose Reagant Product Manager Perkin-Elmer Cetus Mark A. Rothstein Director, Health Law and Policy Institute University of Houston Sheldon w. Samuels Executive Vice President Workplace Health Fund NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NEUROSCIENCE ADVISORY PANEL Peter S. Spencer, Chair Director Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology Oregon Health Sciences University Robert H. Blank Professor and Associate Director Social Science Research Institute Northern Illinois University J. Robert Carr Special Assistant to the Vice President for Administration Howard University Mary A. Carskadon Director of Chronoblology Emma P. Bradley Hospital James F. Childress Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies Department of Religious Studies University of Virginia Charles A. Czelsler Director Center for Design of Industrial Schedules Patricia J. Decoursey Professor Department of Biology University of South Carolina, Columbia David F. Dinges Co-Director Unit for Experimental Psychiatry The Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital Fred H. Gage Professor Department of Neurosclences, School of Medicine University of California, San Diego Michael S. Gazzanlga Director, Program In Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry Dartmouth Medical School Bernice Grafsteln Vincent & Brooke Astor Professor of Neuroscience Department of Physiology School of Medicine, Cornell University James T. Havel Associate Director Mental Health Polley Resource Center, Inc. "Retired from panll. Ronald Kartzinel Elan Pharmaceutical Research Corp. Alan Kraut Executive Director American Psychological Society David J. Kupfer Director of Research Wlstern Psychiatric Institute and Clinic Alfred J. Lewy Olrector Sleep and Mood Disorders Laboratory The Oregon Health Sciences University Ellen McGrath Director The Psychology Center Laurance G. Mendelsohn* Research Scientist Central Nervous System and Endocrine Research LIiiy Research Laboratories Franklin E. Mlrer Director, Health and Safety Department International Union, United Auto Workers Albert S. Moraczewski Chaplain Monastery of the Infant Jesus Marlon Moses Physician-Private Practice John L. O'Donoghue Director Toxicological Sciences Laboratory Health and Environment Laboratories Eastman Kodak Co. Herbert Pardes Vice President for Health Sciences and Dean of Faculty of Medicine Columbia University Richard M. Restak Physician-Private Practice Nell J. Risch Associate Professor Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Yale University School of Medicine Sara-Ann Steber Director of the Technical Assistance Education Center Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Alan A. Stone Touroff-Glueck Professor of Law and Psychiatry In the Faculty of Law and Faculty of Medicine Harvard University Harvard Law School Fred W. Turek Professor and Chairman Department of Neurobiology and Physiology Northwestern University David B. Wilder John D. Lyons Professor of Law College of Law University of Arizona TWENTY-NINE Frank White Attorney Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue David Talwal Wong Research Advisor Lilly Research Laboratories Eli LIiiy and Co. RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS ADVISORY PANEL Ronald W. Estabrook, Chair Virginia Lazenby O'Hara Professor of Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Eula Bingham Vice President & Dean for Graduate Studies Institute of Environmental Health University of Cincinnati Medical Center Thomas A. Burke Assistant Professor Department of Health Polley & Management The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Adam M. Rnkel Fellow Center for Risk Management Resources for the Future Joseph H. Guth Senior Project Scientist Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. Oliver Hankinson Associate Professor of Pathology Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences University of California-Los Angeles David Lllienfield Assistant Professor Mount Sinai School of Medicine GIibert Omenn Dean School of Public Health & Community Medicine University of Washington, Seattle Colin N. Park Associate Scientist and Issues Manager Health and Environmental Sciences The Dow Chemlccll Co. David P. Rall Consultant Joseph V. Rodricks Senior Vice President Head, Health Sciences Department ENVIRON International Corp. Curtis C. Travis Director Center for Risk Assessment Oak Ridge National Laboratory James D. Wilson Regulatory Issues Director Environmental Safety and Health Staff Monsanto Co
PAGE 35
Lauren Zeise Acllng Chief and Senior Toxlcologlst Office of Envlronmental Health Hazard Assessment Gallfornla Envlronmen1al Protection Agency Rae Zimmerman Spero Manson Professor Department of Psychiatry University Health Science center Colorado Psychiatric Hospital Professor of Planning Roger Meyer Robert F. wagnerGraduate School of Publlc Service Consultant New York University TECHNOLOGIES FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ROOT CAUSES OF BUBS'IANCE ABUSE AND ADDICTION ADVISORY PANEL Patricia E. Evans, Chair Director of Research Bayview-Hunter's Point Foundation Marllyn Aguirre-Molina Assistant Professor Department of Envlronmen1al and Community Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medlcal School Jeffrey G. Becker Vice President Office of Alcohol Issues The Beer Institute LaW18nce S. Brown Jr. Vice-President Addiction Research and Treatment Corp. Mary Edwards Director JO'/ of Jesus Gamden House, Detroit, Michigan Bernard Blls Director Substance Abuse Epidemiology Unit Office of EPldemlology New Mexico Department of Health Robbie M. Jackman Assistant Commissioner State of Tennessee Department of Public Health Sheppard Kellam Professor and Chairman Department of Mental Hygiene School of Hygiene and Public Health The Johns Hopkins University Herbert Kleber Director, DMslon on Substance Abuse Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University George F. Koob Member Department of Neuropharmacology The Scripps Research Institute Mary Jeanne Kreek Associate Professor Department of Biology and Addictive Diseases The Rockefeller University John Lucas President John Lucas Enterprises David F. Musto Professor of Psychiatry Child Studies center Yale University Ruben Ortega Consultant Ruben Ortega Associates Sue Rusche Executive Director National Famnles In Action Lawrence Wallack Associate Professor School of Public Health Kenneth E. warner Professor and Chair, Department of Public Health Polley and Administration School of Public Health University of Michigan WORKSHOP ON CYSTIC RBROSIS, GENETIC SCREENING AND INSURANCE WORKSHOP ON CYSTIC FIBROSIS, GENmC SCREENING AND SELF-INSURANCE UNDER ERIIA WORKSHOP ON HORMONE REPUCEMENT THERAPY WORKSHOP ON PULMONARY TOXICANTI Food and Renewable Resources Program ANIMAL TECHNOLOGY AND RELATED ISSUES ADVISORY PANEL Dale Bauman Professor Department of Animal Science Cornell University David Berkowitz Director Technology Transfer and Coordination Staff Food Safety Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Roger Blobaum Analyst Center for Science in the Public Interest Thomas T. Chen Associate Director Center of Marine Biotechnology University of Maryland Gary Cromwell Professor Department of Animal Science University of Kentucky THIRTY Stanley Curtis Professor Department of Animal Science University of llllnols Dennis Dykstra Vice Pnlsldent of Quality Assurance Jack Frost Golden Plump Poultry Teny Etherton Professor Department of Dairy & Animal Science Pennsylvania State University Don GIii Regents Professor & Extension Animal Nutritionist Oklahoma State University WIiiiam Hansel Uberty Hyde Balley Professor Department of Physiology Cornell University Mlchael Hansen Researcher Consumers Union Norman Harvey Farmer Burke Healey Farmer Southern Cross Ranch waiter Hobgood Director of Animal Nutrition and Health Monsanto Co. Maynard Hogberg Head Department of Animal Science Michigan State University Gerald Isaacs Chalnnan Department of Agricultural Engineering University of Aorida Daniel D. Jones Deputy Director Office of Agricultural Biotechnology United States Department of Agriculture James Klelbensteln Professor Department of Economics Iowa State University Edward L. Korwek Attorney Hogan & Hartson John Kopchick Edison Biotechnology Center Ohio University Darold McCalla President and Chief Operating Officer Granada Biosciences, Inc. Tom McGuckln Associate Professor Department of Economics New Mexico State University Dave Meisinger Product Manager New Products Pitman-Moore, Inc.
PAGE 36
Jan E. Novakofskl Associate Professor Department of Animal Science University of Illinois B.I. Osburn Associate Dean for Research School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Dennis Powers Director Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Rodney Preston Professor Department of Animal Science Texas Tech University Vernon Pursel Research Leader Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Allan Rahn Professor Department of Animal Science Michigan State University Calrd Rexroad Research Leader Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Tim Rose Farmer Andrew Rowan Assistant Dean Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine Colin Scanes Professor and Chairman Department of Animal Science Rutgers University Tom Sporleder Professor Department of Agricultural Economics & Rural Sociology Ohio State University Charles Strong Extension Biotechnology Coordinator University of Georgia, Athens Michael Tomaszewski Professor Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University Edward Veenhulzen Manager, Animal Science Projects LIiiy Research Laboratories Ell LIiiy and Co. PLANT TECHNOLOGY AND RELATED ISSUES ADVISORY PANEL Michael Adang Associate Professor Department of Entomology University of Georgia Garren 0. Benson Professor Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Norman Brown President FBS Systems, Inc. J.A. Browning Professor Department of Plant Pathology Texas A&M University John Burke Research Leader Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Raghavan Charudattan Professor Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida, Gainesville Shaorn K. Clark President Minnesota Corn Growers Association Ken Cook President Center for Resource Economics James Davis Vice President of Development & General Counsel Crop Genetics International Willard Downs Professor Oklahoma State University Nicholas Frey Product Development Manager Speclalty Plant Products Division Pioneer HI-Bred International THIATV-ON!I;; Lynn Forster Professor Department of Agricultural Economics & Rural Sociology Ohio State U nlverslty James Fuxa Professor Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Robert Hall Associate Professor Department of Plant Science South Dakota State University Chuck Hassebrook Director Center for Rural Affairs Dale Hicks Professor Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetic University of Minnesota Donald Holt Director Agricultural Experiment Station University of Illinois Carol Hoffman Research Scientist Institute of Ecology University of Georgia Marjorie Hoy Professor Department of Entomology University of California, Berkeley Jeffrey Ihnen Attorney-at-Law Venable, Baetjer, Howard, & Civiletti George Kennedy Professor Department of Entomology North Carolina State University John F Kirschman President FSC Associates Ganesh Klshore Research Manager Monsanto Agricultural Products Co. Jerry R. Lambert Professor Department of Agricultural Engineering Clemson University Sue Loesch-Fries Assistant Professor Department of Plant Pathology Purdue University Gaines E. MIies Professor Department of Agricultural Engineering Purdue University Kevin MIiier Farmer Kent Mix farmer
PAGE 37
Ian Munro Director Canadian Centre for Toxicology Michael w. Parlza Chalnnan Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin Philip Regal Professor Department of Ecology & Behavioral Biology University of Minnesota Jane Rissler Biotechnology Specialist National Biotechnology Center National WIidiife Federation Douglas Schmale Farmer Allan Schmid Professor Georgetown Unlwrslty Ronald H. Smith Exblnslon Speclallst Auburn University Steve Sonka Professor Department of Agrlcultural Economics Unlwrslty of llllnols Kent K. Stewart Professor Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Nicholas D. Stone Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Virginia Tech Christen Upper Professor/Research Chemist Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin AnnVldaver Professor Department of Plant Pathology University of Nebraska Wllllam WIison Assoelate Professor Department of Agricultural Economics North Dakota State University Paul Zomer Director of Bloherblclde Research Mycogen Corp. "1GRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND RELATED 188UE8 ADVISORY PANEL Norman Berg Consultant Donald BIiis Deputy Arla Director for Product Quality and Development Institute Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Pab'lck Borich Director Cooperative Extension Service University of Minnesota Lucas Calpouzos Professor School of Agriculture Calltornla State University Mary Carter Associate Administrator Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Neville Clark Former Director Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Texas A&M University Arnold Denton Senior Vice President campbell Soup Co. catherlne Donnelly Associate Director Agrlculture Experiment Station University of Vermont, Burlington Jeanne Edwards Past Member National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board W.P. Ratt Dean College of Agriculture University of Georgia, Athens Ray Frlsbe 1PM Coordinator Department of Entomology Texas A&M University PaulGenho Natlonal cattlemen's Association Deseret Ranches of Rorlda Robert Hell Director Agricultural Experiment Station Colorado State University Jim HIidreth (retired) Formerly with Farm Foundation Verner G. Hurt Director Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Mississippi Stata University Terry Kinney (retired) Formerly with Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Ronald Knutson Professor Department of Agricultural Economics Agricultural and Food Polley Center Texas A&M University WIiiiam Marshall President Microbial Genetics Division Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. THIRTY-TWO Roger Mitchell Director Agricultural Experiment Station University of Missouri Lucinda Noble Director Cooperative Exblnslon Cornell University Susan Offutt Executive Director Board of Agriculture National Research Council Jack Pincus Director of Marketing Michigan Biotechnology Institute Dave Phlllips President National Association of County Agents Dan Ragsdale Research Director National Corn Growers Association Roy Rauschkolb Resident Director Maricopa Agriculture Center University of Arizona Alden Reine Dean Cooperative Agrlcultural Research Center Prairie View A&M University Grace Ellen Rice Associate Director American Farm Bureau Federation Robert Robinson Associate Administrator Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Jerome Selbert Economist Department of Agricultural Economics University of California Keith Smith Research Director American Soybean Association William Tallant Assistant Administrator Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Jim Tavares Associate Executive Di rector Board of Agriculture National Research Council Luther Tweaten Anderson Chair tor Agricultural Trade Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Ohio State University Walter Walla Director Extension Service University of Kentucky, Lexington
PAGE 38
Tim Wallace Extension Economist Department of Agricultural Economics University of California, Berkeley MikeWehler Vice President National Pork Producers Council John Woeste Director Cooperative Extension Services University of Florida, Gainesville Fred Woods Agricultural Programs Extension Service U.S. Department of Agriculture NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIES ADVISORY PANEL J. Baird Callicot Professor Department of Philosophy University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Faith Campbell Senior Scientist Natural Resources Defense Council James Carlton Director Maritime Studies Program Williams College-Mystic Seaport Marion Cox Managing Director Resource Associates Alfred Crosby Professor Department of American Studies University of Texas Les Ehler Professor Department of Entomology University of Callfomla---Oavis WIiiiam Remer, Ill President Wm. Remer's Son's, Inc. Princeton Nurseries John Grandy Vice President Wildlife & Habitat Protection Humane Society of the U.S. Lynn Greenwatt Vice President Department of International Affairs National WIidiife Federation Robert Kahn Consultant William B. Kovalak Supervisor Environmental & Regulatory Compliance Detroit Edison Company Jack Lattin Curator of the Museum Entomology Museum Oregon State University-Corvallis Joseph P. McCraren Executive Director National Aquaculture Association Robert Morris Resource Manager Western Division Louisiana Pacific Marshall Myers General Council Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council Philip Regal Professor Department of Ecology & Behavioral Biology University of Minnesota Katherine H. Reichelderfer Senior Fellow & Director National Center for Food Resources for the Future Rudolph Rosen Director of Wildlife Parks and Wildlife Department State of Texas Don Schmitz Biological Scientist Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management Florida Department of Natural Resources Jerry Scribner Attorney-at-Law Howard M. Singletary, Jr. Director Plant Industry Division North Caronna Department of Agriculture Cllfford W. Smith Director, Cooperative Park Study Unit Department of National Parks University of Hawaii, Manoa Reggie Wyckoff Consultant U.S. FOREST SERVICE PLANNING TECHNOLOGIES ADVISORY PANEL Hanna Cortner, Chair Associate Director Water Resources Research Center University of Arizona Clark Collins Executive Director Blue Ribbon Coalition Richard Collins Professor School of Architecture University of Virginia, Charlottesville Dennis Dykstra Professor of Forestry School of Forestry North Arizona University, Flagstaff Paul Ellefson Professor Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota, St. Paul THIRTY-THREE Jerry Franklin Bloedel Professor of Ecosystem Analysis College of Forestry University of Washington George t Hamilton Consultant Recreation Resources Management Co. WIiiard Hamilton Coordinator Timber Resource Policy Potlatch Corp. Betty Huskins Vice President Ridgetop Associates Lawrence R. Jahn President Wildlife Management Institute Andy Kerr Director Conservation & Education Oregon Natural Resource Council Dennis L.eMaster Professor Department of Forestry & Natural Resources Purdue University William S. Platts Asheries Consultant Don Chapman Associates Robert Ragon Executive Vice President Sun Studs, Inc. Gerald Rose Director/State Forester Division of Forestry Minnesota State Department of Natural Resources R. Neil Sampson Executive Vice President American Forestry Association, Maitland Maitland S. Sharpe Conservation Director Izaak Walton League of America Maynard Smith President Smith 6-S Livestock Gaylord L. Staveley President National Forest Recreation Association Louisa Willcox Policy Director Greater Yellowstone Coalition A. Milton Whiting Chairman & President Kalbab Industries, Inc. WORKSHOP ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF COCA WORKSHOP ON COCA CROP SUBSTITUTION WORKSHOP ON NON-INDEGINOUS SPECIES IN THE U.S.
PAGE 39
Health Program ADOLESCENT HEAlJH ADVISORY PANEL Felton Earls, Chairman Professor Department of Behavioral Sciences Harvard School of Public Health Michael I. Cohen, Vice Chalnnan Chairman, Department of Pediatrics Montefiore Hospital Claire Brindls Co-Director Center for Population and Reproductive Health Policy Institute for Health Policy Studies Ann W. Burgess van Amerignen Professor of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia Delores L. Delaney President State of Virginia Parent Teacher Association Abigail English Staff Attorney National Center for Youth Law Jewelle Taylor Gibbs Associate Professor, School of Social ~lfare University of California, Berkeley Michael Graf Director, Mental Health Tanana Chiefs Conference, Inc. Fairbanks, AK David E. Hayes-Bautista Professor, School of Medicine Director, Chicano Studies Research Center University of California, Los Angeles Karen Hein Associate Professor, Adolescent Medicine Division of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Charles E. Irwin, Jr. Director, Adolescent Medicine Department of Pediatrics University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco Robert Johnson Associate Professor, Adolescent Health Department of Pediatrics New Jersey Medical School, Newark Alan Kazdin Professor, Department of Psychology Yale University Teresa Lafromboise Assistant Professor, School of Education Stanford University Mary Nell Lehnhard Vice President Office of Government Relations Blue Cross & Blue Shield Association Barbara D. Matula Director, DMslon of Medical Assistance State of North Carolina Department of Human Resources Robert B. MIiiman Director, Adolescent Development Program Cornell University Medical College New York Hospital Daniel Offer Director, Center for Study of Adolescence Michael Reese Hospital Medical Center, Chicago Leticia Paez Associate Director, Area Health Education Center Texas Technical University School of Medicine, El Paso Cheryl Perry Associate Professor, Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Minnesota Anne C. Petersen Dean College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University Lee Etta Powell Superintendent of Schools State of Ohio Roxanne Spillett Director, Program Services Boys Club of America Edward Tetelman Assistant Commissioner Intergovernmental Affairs New Jersey Department of Human Services Myron Thompson Trustee Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate THIRTY-FOUR DEFENSIVE MEDICINE AND THE USE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ADVISORY PANEL John R. Ball Executive Vice President American College of Physicians James Blumstein Professor of Law Vanderbilt University Law School Rnadall BovbJerg Senior Research Associate The Urban Institute Troyan Brennan Associate Physician Division of General Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Brad Cohn President Physician Insurers Association of America Patricia Danzon Celia Moh Professor of Health Care Systems and Insurance Health Care Administration Wharton School of Business Edward David Chalnnan Maine Board of Registration In Medicine Richard Frank Professor Health Services Research and Development Center Johns Hopkins University Pamela GIibert Legislative Director Public Citizen Congress watch Rodney Hayward Assistant Professor Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan School of Medicine Richard Kravitz Consultant The Rand Corp. George D. Malkasian Chalnnan Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mayo Clinic Barry Manuel Associate Dean Boston University College of Medicine J. Douglas Peters Attorney Charfoos and Christensen, Attorneys at Law Richmond Prescott fonner Associate Executive Director for the Permanante Medical Group, Inc. David Sundwall Vice President and Medical Director American Healthcare Systems Institute Laurence R. Tancredi Private Consultant James S Todd Executive Vice President American Medical Association
PAGE 40
DRUG LABELING ADVISORY PANEL Stuart Baker Partner Steptoe & Johnston Paul A. Belford President AERG Joseph Cook Director Program for Tropical Disease Research Edna McConnell Clark Foundation Enrique Fefer Regional Advisor Essential Drugs Program Pan American Health Organization Paula Fujiwara Clinical Instructor Department of Internal Medicine University of California-San Francisco Harris Gleckman Research Officer Centre on Transnational Corporations United Nations Keith Johnson Director of Drug Information United States Pharmacopoeia William S. Markin Senior Vice President Strategic Policy, Inc. Bernard Mirkin Head & Director of Research Children's Memorial lnstltute for Educatlon Northwestern University Medical School Mary Ellen Mortensen Assistant Professor-Pharmacy & Toxicology Columbus Children's Hospital Ohio State University, Columbus Robert Nelmeth President Pfizer International, Inc. Mark Novitch Executive Vice President Upjohn Pharmaceutical Corp. Johanna F. Perlmutter Head Division of Human Sexuality Beth Israel Hospital Michael Reich Associate Professor Harvard School of Public Health Regina Rowan Chair, Pharmaceutical Workgroup Interfaith Center on Corporate Responslblllty Medical Mission Sisters Albert Wertheimer Professor Philadelphia College of Pharmacy Sidney Wolfe Director Public Citizen Health Research Group INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN HEAlJH TECHNOLOGY SERVICES, AND ECONOMICS ADVISORY PANEL Rosemary Stevens, Chairperson Office of the Dean, Arts & Sciences University of Pennsylvania Stuart Altman Dean Heller School Brandeis University David Banta Senior Researcher Netherlands Organizatlon for Applied Scientific Research Jan E. Blanpain Professor School of Public Health Leuven University Harry P. Cain II Senior Vice President Federal Employee Program Blue Cross/Blue Shield Tom Chapman President rACHE The Greater Southeast Healthcare System Louis P. Garrison, Jr. Director of Health Economics Pharmacoeconomics Research Syntax Development Research Annetin GellJns Director Program on Technological Innovation In Medicine Institute of Medicine William Glaser Professor New School for Social Research Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy John K. Iglehart Editor Health Affairs Ellen M. lmmergut Associate Professor Department of Political Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lynn E. Jensen Vice President Group on Health Policy and Programs American Medical Association Stanley Jones Consultant Bengt Jonsson Professor Stockholm School of Economics Kenneth Maton Research Professor Duke Center for Demographic Studies Duke University THIRTY-FIVE Edward Neuschler Director Polley Development & Research Health Insurance Association of America Jean-Pierre Poullier Director Education, Employment and Social Affairs Office for Economic Cooperation and Development Mark Schlesinger Associate Professor Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Yale University Medical School Bruce C. Vladeck President United Hospital Fund Steffie Woolhandler Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Cambridge City Hospital OREGON MEDICAID PROPOSAL ADVISORY PANEL Peter Budetti Director Department of Health Services Administration George Washington University Alexander M. Capron Bruce University Prof. of Law & Medicine The Law Center University of Southern California-Los Angeles Judy Feder Co-Director, Center for Health Polley Studies Department of Community & Family Medicine Georgetown University School of Medicine Daniel M. Fox President Milbank Memorial Fund John Hornberger Assistant Professor of Health Research and Policy Division of General Internal Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Robert Johnson Director, Division of Adolescent Medicine Department of Pediatrics New Jersey Medical School, Newark Robert M. Kaplan Professor and Acting Chief Department of Community and Family Medicine University of California-San Diego Richard Kronick Adjunct Professor Department of Community and Family Medicine University of California-San Diego Stephen H. Long Senior Economist RAND Corp. John Ludden Medical Director Harvard Community Health Plan
PAGE 41
Maxwell J. Mehlman Associate Professor & Director of the Law-Medicine Center School of Law Case Wlstern Reserve University James J. Mongan Executive Director Truman Medical Center Mary Ellen Mortensen Assistant Professor-Pharmacy & Toxicology Columbus Children's Hospital Ohio State University-Columbus Lincoln Moses Professor Statistics Stanford University John Clark Nelson Physician Sarah Rosenbaum Director of Health Research Children's Defense Fund Judith Ross Director of Social Work The Metrohealth System Peter Slavin Assistant Chief of Medicine for Admlnlstatlon Massachusetts General Hospital Vernon Smith Director Medical Services Administration James Tallon, Jr. Majority Leader New York State Assembly POLICY ISSUES IN THE PREVENTION AND TREAlMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS ADVISORY PANEL Robert P. Heaney, Chairman John A. Creighton Professor Creighton University Steven R. Cummings Research Director Division of General Internal Medicine University of California, College of Medicine Barbara L. Drinkwater Research Physiologist Department of Medicine Pacific Medical Center Deborah T. Gold Assistant Professor of Medical Sociology Center for Study of Aging & Human Development Duke University Medical Center Susan L. Greenspan Associate In Medicine Gerontology Division Beth Israel Hospital Garen Marie Gundberg Assistant Professor Department of Orthopedics Yale University School of Medicine Sylvia Houghland Associate Director Laboratory for Clinical Computing C. Conrad Johnston, Jr. Director Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Indiana University School of Medicine Shlrlkl K. Kumanylka Associate Professor of Nutritional Epidemiology College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University Edward 0. Lanphier, II Senior V.P. for Development and Marketing Centrlx Pharmaceuticals Donald R. Lee Vice President Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Robert Lindsay Chief Internal Medicine Helen Hayes Hospital Betsy Love Program Manager Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders Providence Medical Center Robert Marcus Director Aging Study Unit VA Medical Center, Palo Alto Lee Joseph Melton, Ill Head, Section of Epidemiology Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Gregory MIiier V.P. Nutrition Research/Technical Services National Dairy Council Morris Notelovltz President and Medical Director women's Medical & Diagnostic Center and Climacteric Cllnlc, Inc. William Amo Peck Dean University of Washington School of Medicine Diana Petitti Associate Professor Department of Famlly and Community Medicine University of California, San Francisco Nell M. Resnick Chief, Geriatrics Brigham & Women's Hospital Gideon A. Rodan Executive Director Department of Bone Biology Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Mehrsheed Slnakl Professor, Physlcal Medicine and Rehabilitation Mayo Medical School MIiton C. Wtlnsteln Henry J. Kaiser Professor Health Policy and Management Harvard School of Public Health THIRTY-SIX TECHNOLOGY, INSURANCE AND THE HEAl1H CARE SYSTEM ADVISORY PANEL James C. Hunt, Chairman Chancellor University of Tennessee-Memphis Henry Aaron Director Economics Studies Program Brookings Institution Robert Brook Deputy Director for Health Services The RAND Corp. Arthur Caplan Director Center for Biomedical Ethics University of Minnesota Deborah Chollet Associate Director Center for Risk Management & Insurance Research Georgia State University Olivia Cousins Associate Professor Health Education CUNY Jane L. Delgado President & CEO National Coalltlon of Hispanic Health & Human Services Organization Paula K. Dlehr Professor, Department of Biostatistics School of Publlc Health & Community Medicine University of washlngton M. Joycelyn Elders Commissioner of Health State of Arkansas Jack Hadley Co-Director Center for Health Polley Studies Georgetown University Douglas E. Henley Physician William Hobson Executive Director Central Seattle Community Health Centers John Lewin Director of Health State of Hawaii Barbara J. McNell Professor Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School David Mechanic Rene Dubos Professor of Behavioral Sciences Director, Institute for Health Rutgers University Joseph Morris Vice President for Information Delaware Valley Hospital Council Patricia Nazemetz Director of Benefits Xerox Corp.
PAGE 42
David G. Pockell Senior Vice President and Regional Manager Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. Kaiser Permanente Carl Scott Senior Vice Pn,sldent Mutual of Omaha Gordon Trapnell President Gordon R. Trapnell Actuaries Cheryl B. Travis Professor Department of Psychology University of Tennessee-Knoxville Sf)8clal Consultant Stephen H. LDng Senior Economist RAND Corp. VETERANS STUDIES ADVISORY PANEL Margit Bleecker Assistant Professor Francis Scott Key Medical Center Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes George L. Garlo Chairman Health and Environmental Sciences Group Neal Castagnoll, Jr. Professor Department of Chemistry Virginia Technlc Institute and State University Richard Christian Deputy Dln,ctor Research and Technology Assessment The American Legion Theodore Colton Professor Boston University School of Public Health Wllllam Eaton Associate Professor Department of Mental Hygiene The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Frederic Halbert Agriculturist Consultant Charles Hen nekens Physician Brigham and Women's Hospital Lewis Kuller Professor Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Claire 0. Leonard Consultant Robert F. O'Toole Appeals Consultant Office of The Dln,ctor Veterans of Foreign wars of the United States Richard D. Remington Chairman Distinguished Professor of Preventive Medicine University of Iowa John F. Terzano National Membership Din,ctor Vietnam Veterans of America H. Michael D. UtidJan Corporate Medical Director American Cyanamid Company Lynda M. Van Devanter Consultant CASE MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP IIV TRANSMISSION IN THE HEAIJH CARE WORKPUCE WORKSHOP HOME DRUG INFUSION THERAPY UNDER MEDICARE WORKSHOP DEFINITION OF AIDS WORKSHOP DRUG LABELING WORKSHOP RELATIONSHIPS AMONG INSURANCE COVERAGE, ACCESS TO SERVICES AND HEAIJH OUTCOMES: CRITICAL REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS OF THE LITERATURE AND TWO CASE STUDIES WORKSHOP Oceans and Environment Program MANAGING NUCLEAR MATERIALS FROM WARHEADS ADVISORY PANEL John E. TIii, Chairman President Radiological Assessments Corp. John F. Aheame Executive Director Sigma XI The Scientific Research Society Patricia A. Buffler Dean School of Public Health University of California-Berkeley Thomas A. Burke Assistant Professor Department of Health Polley & Management The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health Beverly E. C. Gattis President STAND of Amarillo, Inc. Sherri wasserman Goodman Lawyer Goodwin, Procter & Hoar Sylvia Kleding Director Health and Safety Department 011, Chemical and Atomic workers International Union Kenneth Lichtenstein Physician Division of Infectious Disease Rose Medical Center Robert R. Loux Director Nuclear waste Project Office State of Nevada Daniel S. MIiier Rrst Assistant Attorney General Natural Resources Section Colorado Office of Attorney General John M. Napier Environmental Consultant Techniques Robert H. Neill Director Environmental Evaluation Group State of New Mexico LDuls Peoples Executive Vice Pn,sldent Madison Gas & Bectrlc Co. Rozanne L. Ridgway President The AUantic Council of the United States Frank von Hlppel Professor Woodrow Wilson School of Public & International Affairs Princeton University James D. Werner Senior Environmental Engineer Natural Resources Defense Council John M. Whitely Professor Social Ecology and Social Sciences University of Callfornla-lrvlne SYSTEMS AT RISK FROM CLIMATE CHANGE ADVISORY PANEL Helen M. Ingram, Chairman Director Udall Studies in Public Polley University of Arizona Richard M. Adams Professor of Resource Economics Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics Oregon State University Vera Alexander Dean School of Asherles and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Michael J. Bean Senior Attorney Environmental Defense Fund Margaret Adela Davidson Executive Director South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium J. Clarence Davies Executive Director National Commission on the Environment World Wildlife Fund Baruch Rschhoff Professor Engineering and Public Polley Carnegie Mellon University Michael H. Glantz Program Director Environmental and Societal Impacts Group National Center for Atmospheric Research
PAGE 43
George Hoberg Assistant Professor Political Science Department University of British Columbia Henry D. Jacoby Professor and Director Joint Program on the Science and Polley Massachusetts Institute of Technology WalterJarck Corporate Director Forest Resources Georgia Pacific Corp. David N. Kennedy Director Department of Water Resources State of California Jon Kusler Executive Director Association of State ~tlands Managers Doug Maclean Associate Professor Department of Philosophy University of Maryland-Baltimore Jerry Mahlman Director NOANGeophyslcal Auld Dynamics Lab Princeton University Barbara Miller Senior Civil Engineer Tennessee Valley Authority Steve Peck Director Environmental Sciences Department Electric Power Research Institute Herman Shugart W.W. Corcoran Professor of Environmental Sciences Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Clark Hall Phll Sisson Director Commodities and Economic Analysis Division Quaker Oats Corp. Don Wilhite Director International Drought Information Center University of Nebraska Gary Yohe Professor Department of Economics ~sleyan University WORKSHOP ON AGRICULTURE: COPING WITH A CLIMATE CHANGE WORKSHOP ON ALASKA TO CALIFORNIA SUBSEA WATER PPELINE WORKSHOP ON DEVELOPMENT OF AlJERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR CHEMICAL WEAPONS DISPOSAL WORKSHOP ON DIOXIN TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES WORKSHOP ON LONG-TERM STORAGE AND David Haase Executive Central Air Safety Chairman Air Line Pilots Association DISPOSITION OF PLUTONIUM FROM WARHEADS Jonathan Howe WORKSHOP ON MANAGING FORESTS UNDER A Chairman CHANGING CLIMATE Aviation & Rulemaking Advisory Committee WORKSHOP ON MANAGING WESTERN LANDS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE WORKSHOP ON MANAGING WETLANDS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE WORKSHOP ON WATER RESOURCES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Science, Education, and Transportation Program FEDERAL AVIATION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ADVISORY PANEL Najeeb E. Halaby, Chair Chairman Safair International Robert W. Baker Executive Vice President, Operations American Airlines, Inc. William F. Ballhaus, Jr. President Civil Space and Communications Co. Martin Marietta Corp. Robert A. Davis Vice President, Engineering Boeing Commercial Airplane Group Donald D Engen President AOPA Air Safety Foundation Edmund S. Greenslet President ESG Aviation Services THIRTY-EIGHT Noreene Koan Chairperson National Air Safety Committee Association of Right Attendants Richard Livingston Air Transportation Consultant I Allan McArtor President FEDEX Aeronautics Corp. Clinton V. Oster, Jr. Professor School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Willard G. Plentl, Jr. Director Division of Aviation for North Carolina Andrea Riniker Deputy Executive Director The Port of Seattle Robert W. Simpson Director Right Transportation Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology Richard Swauger Air Traffic Consultant Patricia F. Waller Director Transportation Research Institute University of Michigan INTERCITY BUS ACCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES Charles B. Wheeler, Jr., Chair President Wheeler Medical Laboratories Robert C. Brown Senior Vice President Lehman Brothers Richard V. Burkhauser Senior Fellow Gerontology Program Syracuse University Kenneth M Campbell Executive Director Ohio Developmental Disabilities Planning Councils Joseph M. Dabrowski Vice President for Engineering Transportation Manufacturing Corp. Joe S. Dusenbury Commissioner South Carolina Vocational Rehabilitation Department
PAGE 44
Mar1ene Eide Commissioner Williams County, North Dakota Lex Frieden Senior Vice President Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Frank M. Henry President Martz Trailways Ralf Hotchkiss Design Engineer Fred Kaiser President Kerrville Bus Lines Theodore Knappen Consultant Jack Michaels Technology Access Consultant Ronald R. Moore President Bur1ington Trailways Michael H. Sharff Assistant Secretary for Public Transportation Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation and Construction Watter A. Spencer Senior Vice President Day & Zimmerman, Inc. Patricia Weaver Assistant Research Scientist Kansas University Transportation Center James A. Williams Alternate International Vice President and Local Chairperson UTU Local 1564 Ex-officio members Robert Ashby Deputy Assistant General Counsel Office of The Secretary U.S. Department of Transportation Lawrence Roffee Executive Director Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board Donald Trilling Director, Transportation Regulatory Affairs Office of the Secretary U.S. Department of Transportation TECHNOLOGIES FOR LITERACY ADVISORY PANEL Richard Venezky, Chair Unidel Professor of Educational Studies and Professor of Computer and Information Science University of Delaware Christine Cope President South Dakota Literacy Council Sharon Dar1ing President National Center for Family Literacy, Louisville, KY Allen DeBevoise President AND Communications, Inc. Ronald Gillum Director Adult Extended Leaming Services Michigan Department of Education Dale Rezabek GAIN Coordinator California Community College, Sacramento Antonia Stone President Playing to Win Richard Varn Shir1ey Brice Heath Senator Professor of English, Linguistics, and Anthropolgy Iowa State Legislature Stanford University Iowa State Capitol Jim Kadamus Assistant Commissioner Higher and Continuing Education New York State Department of Education Irwin Kirsch Director Division of Cognitive and Assessment Research Educational Testing Service William Kolberg President & CEO National Alliance of Business Ray Marshall Professor L.B.J. School of Public Affairs University of Texas, Austin Ear1ine McNary Consultant Job Moraido Social Worker Department of the Public Defender Child Advocacy Division, San Diego, CA Richard Murnane Professor of Economics Harvard Graduate School of Education Reg Murphy Consultant THIRTY-NINE George walker President Delta Wire Co. TESTING IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS: ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS ADVISORY PANEL Sheldon H. White, Chair Professor of Psychology Harvard University Joan Boykoff Baron Project Director Connecticut Assessment of Educational Progress Programs Office of Research and Evaluation Connecticut State Department of Education Winston Brown Dean of Admissions Xavier University Alan K. Campbell Professor Department of Public Policy and Management The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Matthew Caulfield Deputy Commander for wartlghtlng Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Quantico James Fallows Washington Editor The Atlantic Bert Green Professor of Psychology The Johns Hopkins University H.D. Hoover Professor College of Education University of Iowa Sharon Johnson-Lewis Director, Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation Detroit Publlc Schools Henry Levin Professor Graduate School of Education and Economics Stanford University Harold Miller Chairman of the Board Houghton Mifflin Co.
PAGE 45
Richard J. Noeth Vice President Reid Services EducattonalTesttngServtce Edward D. Roeber Supervisor Michigan Educational Assessment Program Michigan Department or Educatton NancyRus Director Human Resources Planning and Research Motorola, Inc. Cinthia Schuman Executive Director National Center for Fair & Open Testtng Rita J. Sherbenou Head The Winston School, Dallas, 1X JackWlbber Teacher Samantha Smith Elementary School Redmond, WA WORKSHOP ON BUILDING AN ACCESSIBLE SYSTEM FOR INTERCITY BUI ACCESS FOR INDIVIIUALI WITH DIIABILITIEI WORKSHOP ON COOPERATION AND COORDINATION FOR FEDERAL AVIATION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Kathleen Bernard Director, Exlllmal Programs North Cerollna Supercompul8r Center WIiiard R. Bishop, Jr. President Wllard Bishop Associates Fred Block Chairman Department or Sociology University of Callfomla Bernie campbell Vice Pl8Sldent lnformatton Services Sonoco Products Carl carglll Standards Strategist Sun Microsystems, Inc. William Cunningham Founder and Director Focus HOPE Irwin Dorros Vice President Technology Bell Communlcattons Research Frank Emspak School for Workers Laboratory Education Center Peter Keen Consultant WORKSHOP ON FEDERAL SAFETY Sara IOasler REQUIREMENTS AND TECHNOLOGY IN A ILOBAL Proressor AVIATION SYSTEM Department or Soclal and Decision Sciences WORKSHOP ON INTERCITY BUI ACCESS FOR Garnegle Mellon University INDIVIIUALI WITH DIIABILITIEI James L Koontz WORKSHOP ON NEW VISION FOR vmEO USE OF Chief Executive Officer CABLE, SATELLITE, BROADCAST, AND Kingsbury Corp. lffEIIACTIVE SYSTEMS FOR LITEMCY AND LEARNING WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND REGULATION RELATED TO IIGH-AIJITUDE EMl88ION8 FROM SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT Telecommunications and Computing Technologies Program Donald Lasher Vice President Information Service Division United Slates Automobile Association Scott Loftesness Group Vice President Visa lntamatlonal Glenn Smith Manager ELECTRONIC ENTERPRISE: NEWOPPORTUNmES Strategic Technology Planning FOR AMERICAN BUIINESS AND INDUITRY United Parcel Service ADVISORY PANEL Danlel Bell, Chairman Scholar-In-Residence American Academy of Arts & Sciences Marietta L Baba Acttng Chair Department of Anthropology \Yayne Stal8 University James Beatty President National Constdtlng SyslBms Jim Benn Executive Director Federation for Industrial Retentton & Renewal Paul Vetter Director Information Services Cone MIiis Corp. Mark Weiser Chief Sclenttst and Manager Computer Science Lab Xerox Palo Alto Research Center John Wohlstetter Director Technology Affairs GTE Corp. FORTY John Zysman Co-Director Berkeley Round Table on International Economy University or California, Berkeley FEDERAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOR 21ST CENTURY: TRANSFORMING THE DELIVERY OF IOVERNMENT SERVICES ADVISORY PANEL Donald A Marchand, Chairman Dean School of Information Studies Syracuse University Raza A Babar Director Global Research and lntelllgence Detroit Edison Company Thomas B. Beard Chairman Florida Public Service Commission Ying-Chung Annie Chen Director Strategic Analysis Pacific Telesls Group Wllllam H. Dutton Professor of Communication The Annenberg School or Communication University or Southern CaDfomla Francis Dummer Asher Visiting Scholar L.B.J. School of Public Affairs University of Texas carol Fukunaga Vice Chair NCSL Information Polley Task Force Hawaii House or Representatives Charles H. Geisler Director, Technical Computing Technical Computations Department 3M Company Thomas M. Grundner President Nattonal Public Telecomputlng Network Glen P. Haney Former Director Office of Information Resources Management U.S. Department of Agriculture Alexander H. HIiis Executive Director University of Alaska Computer Network Edwin A. Lsvlne Senior Information Polley Coordinator Offlce of Rnanclal Management Stal8 of Washington Alvln E. Nashman Former Pl8Sldent Systems Group Computer Science Corp. Diana Roose Research Director 9 to 5, National Assoclatton of Working Women
PAGE 46
Jorge Reina Schement Associate Professor School of Communication, Information, and Library Studies Rutgers University Alan F. Wlstln Professor of Public Law and Government Department of Polltlcal Science Columbia University Joseph Terrence Wllllams Manager Women, Infants and Children Program Wyoming Department of Public Health Shoshana Zuboff Professor of Business Administration Harvard Business School FINDING A BALANCE: COMPUTER SOFTWARE, INTEWCTUAL PROPERTY, AND THE CHAWNGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ADVISORY PANEL Michael S. Mahoney, Chairman Professor Department of History Princeton Un1118rslty F. Christian Byrnes Vice President, Product Planning Landmark Systems Corp. Dana E. cartwrlght, Ill Director Academic Computing Service Syracuse University BIii Curtis Director Human Interface Laboratory Microelectronics & Computar Technology Corp. Randall Davis Associate Director Arttllclal lntelllgence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology watter J. Doherty Computing Systems Department IBM TJ. watson Research Carol Edwards Project Director Southern Coalition for Educational Equity Nicholas A. Farmer Director of Information Systems Chemical Abstracts Service John Gage Director of Science Office Sun Research Labs Morton David Goldberg Partner Schwab, Goldberg, Price, & Dannay Robbie Hardy Senior Principal American Management Systems, Inc. Mitchell D. Kapor Chairman ON Technology, Inc. Ronald S. Laurie Litigation Partner lrell&Manella Clifford A. Lynch Director Library Automation University of California, Oaldand Anita Mergener Director Product Design Kelly Services Jerome H. Reichman Professor of Law School of Law Vanderbilt University Richard Rubinstein Manager Technology Assessment and Planning Dlgltal Equipment Corp. Robert Schware Senior Information Technology Specialist The World Bank Mary Shaw Professor, Computar Science Software Engineering Institute Carnegie-Mellon University INTERNATIONAL TELECOUNICATIONS NETWORKS AND U.S.-EUROPEAN TRADE IN SERVICES ADVISORY PANEL John Diebold, Chalnnan Diebold Institute for Public Polley Studies, Inc. James R. Benlger Annenburg School of Communications University of Southern California Mark L. Bigelow Network Architect Information ServlceS Bechtel Corp. Robert Bruce Partner Debevoise & Plimpton Emilio Della Deputy Director International Communications Services AT&T Steven Aajser Vice President for Space Systems LORAL Kenneth Gordon Chairman Maine Public Utllltles Commission Bruce Greenwald Professor Department of Economics Columbia Univarslty School of Business J. Donald Karmlzln Vice President Management Information Systems United Alrlnes FORTY-ONE Mike Nugent Vice President and Assoclata General Counsel Citibank, NA Barbara O'Connor Chairperson, Alliance for Public Technology Department of Communications California State University Reynle U. Ortiz Vice President for Public Polley U.S. \Yest Francis Plude Professor Newhouse School of Public Communications Syracuse University Michael J. Rellly, Sr. Vice President for External Relations Reuters America, Inc. Tony Rutkowski Vice President SPRINT Marie-Monique Steckel President France Telecom Inc. WORKSHOP ON MINIATURIZATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR 11E FUTURE
PAGE 47
Technology Assessment Act of 1972. Public Law 92-484 92d Congress, H.R. 10243 October 13, 1972 An Act aIYLYLct To establish an Office of Technology Assessment for the Congress as an aid in the identification and consideration of existing and probable impacts of technological application; to amend the National Science Foundation Act of 1950; and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Sanate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Thatthis Act may be cited as the "Technology Assessment Act of 1972." FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF PURPOSE SEC. 2. The Congress hereby finds and declares that: (a) As technology continues to change and expand rapidly, its applications are(1) large and growing in scale; and (2) increasingly extensive, pervasive, and critical in their impact, beneficial and adverse, on the natural and social environment. (b) Therefore, it is essential that, to the fullest extent possible, the consequences of technological applications be anticipated, understood, and considered in determination of public policy on existing and emerging national problems. (c) The Congress further finds that: (1) the Federal agencies presently responsible directly to the Congress are not designed to provide the legislative branch with adequate and timely information, independently developed, relating to the potential impact of technological applications, and (2) the present mechanisms of the Congress do not and are not designed to provide the legislative branch with such information. (d) Accordingly, it is necessary for the Congress to-(1) equip itself with new and effective-means for securing competent, unbiased information concerning the physical, biological, economic, social, and political effects of such applications; and (2) utilize this information, whenever appropriate, as one factor in the legislative assessment of matters pending before the Congress, particularly in those instances where the Federal Government may be called upon to consider support for, or management or regulation of, technological applications. FORTY-TWO
PAGE 48
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SEC. 3. (a) In accordance with the findings and declaration of purpose in section 2, there is hereby created the Office of Technology Assessment (hereinafter referred to as the "Office") which shall be within and responsible to the legislative branch of the Government. (b) The Office shall consist of a Technology Assessment Board (hereinafter referred to as the "Board") which shall formulate and promulgate the policies of the Office, and a Director who shall carry out such policies and administer the operations of the Office. (c) The basic function of the Office shall be to provide early indications of the probable beneficial and adverse impacts of the applications of technology and to develop other coordinate information which may assist the Congress. In carrying out such function, the Office shall: (1) identify existing or probable impacts of technology or technological programs; (2) where possible, ascertain cause-and-effect relationships; (3) identify alternative technological methods of implementing specific programs; (4) identify alternative programs for achieving requisite goals; (5) make estimates and comparisons of the Impacts of alternative methods and programs; (6) present findings of completed analyses to the appropriate legislative authorities; (7) identify areas where additional research or data collection is required to provide adequate support for the assessments and estimates described in paragraph (1) through (5) of this subsection; and (8) undertake such additional associated activities as the appropriate authorities specified under subsection (d) may direct. (d) Assessment activities undertaken by the Office may be initiated upon the request of: (1) the chairman of any standing, special, or select committee of either House of the Congress, or of any joint committee of the Congress, acting for himself or at the request of the ranking minority member or a majority of the committee members; (2) the Board; or (3) the Director, in consultation with the Board. (e) Assessments made by the Office, including information, surveys, studies, reports, and findings related thereto, shall be made available to the initiating committee or other appropriate committees of the Congress. In addition, any such information, surveys, studies, reports, and findings produced by the Office may be made available to the public except where-(1) to do so would violate security statutes; or (2) the Board considers it necessary or advisable to withhold such information in accordance with one or more of the numbered paragraphs in section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT BOARD SEC. 4. (a) The Board shall consist of thirteen members as follows: (1) six Members of the Senate, appointed by the President pro tempo re of the Senate, three from the majority party and three from the minority party; (2) six Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, three from the majority party and three from the minority party; and FORTY-THREE Technology Assessment Board. Duties. Information, availability. 81 Stat. 54. Membership.
PAGE 49
Vacancies. Chairman and vice chairman. Meetings. Subpoena. Appointment. Compensation. 83 Stat. 863. Employment restriction. (3) the Director, who shall not be a voting member. (b) Vacancies in the membership of the Board shall not affect the power of the remaining members to execute the functions of the Board and shall be filled in the same manner as in the case of the original appointment. (c) The Board shall select a chairman and a vice chairman from among its members atthe beginning of each Congress. The vice chairman shall act in the place and stead of the chairman in the absence of the chairman. The chairmanship and the vice chairmanship shall alternate between the Senate and the House of Representatives with each Congress. The chairman during each even-numbered Congress shall be selected by the Members of the House of Representatives on the Board from among their number. The vice chairman during each Congress shall be chosen in the same manner from that House of Congress other than the House of Congress of which the chairman is a Member. (d) The Board is authorized to sit and act at such places and times during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of Congress, and upon a vote of a majority of its members, to require by subpoena or otherwise the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, to administer such oaths and affirmations, to take such testimony, to procure such printing and binding, and to make such expenditures, as it deems advisable. The Board may make such rules respecting its organization and procedures as it deems necessary, except that no recommendation shall be reported from the Board unless a majority of the Board assent. Subpoenas may be issued over the signature of the chairman of the Board or of any voting member designated by him or by the Board, and may be served by such person or persons as may be designated by such chairman or member. The chairman of the Board or any voting member thereof may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses. DIRECTOR AND DEPUTY DIRECTOR SEC. 5. (a) The Director of the Office of Technology Assessment shall be appointed by the Board and shall serve for a term of six years unless sooner removed by the Board. He shall receive basic pay at the rate provided for level Ill of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code. (b) In addition to the powers and duties vested in him by this Act, the Director shall exercise such powers and duties as may be delegated to him by the Board. (c) The Director may appoint with the approval of the Board, a Deputy Director who shall perform such functions as the Director may prescribe and who shall be Acting Director during the absence or incapacity of the Director or in the event of a vacancy in the office of Director. The Deputy Director shall receive basic pay at the rate provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code. (d) Neither the Director nor the Deputy Director shall engage in any other business, vocation, or employment than that of serving as such Director or Deputy Director, as the case may be; nor shall the Director or Deputy Director, except with the approval of the Board, hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Office makes any contract or other arrangement under this Act. FORTY-FOUR
PAGE 50
AUTHORITY OF THE OFFICE SEC. 6. (a) The Office shall have the authority, within the limits of available appropriations, to do all things necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act, Including, but without being limited to, the authority to--(1} make full use of competent personnel and organizations outside the Office, public or private, and form special ad hoc task forces or make other anangements when appropriate; (2) enter Into contracts or other arrangements as may be necessary for the conduct of the work of the Office with any agency or Instrumentality of the United States, with any State, territory, or possession or any political subdivision thereof, or with any person, firm, association, corporation, or educational Institution, with or without reimbursement, without performance or other bonds, and without regard to section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5); (3) make advance, progress, and other payments which relate to technology assessment without regard to the provisions of section 3648 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 529}; ( 4} accept and utilize the services of voluntary and uncompensated personnel necessary for the conduct of the work of the Office and provide transportation and subsistence as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code, for persons serving without compensation; (5) acquire by purchase, lease, loan, or gift, and hold and dispose of by sale, lease, or loan, real and personal property of all kinds necessary for or resulting from the exercise of authority granted by this Act; and (6) prescribe such rules and regulations as it deems necessary governing the operation and organization of the Office. (b) Contractors and other parties entering into contracts and other arrangements under this section which involve costs to the Government shall maintain such books and related records as will facilitate an effective audit in such detail and In such manner as shall be prescribed by the Office, and such books and records (and related documents and papers} shall be available to the Office and the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, for the purpose of audit and examination. (c) The Office, in carrying out the provisions of this Act, shall not, itself, operate any laboratories, pilot plants, or test facilities. (d) The Office is authorized to secure directly from any executive department or agency information, suggestions, estimates, statistics, and technical assistance for the purpose of carrying out its functions under this Act. Each such executive department or agency shall furnish the information, suggestions, estimates, statistics, and technical assistance directly to the Office upon its request. (e} On request of the Office, the head of any executive department or agency may detail, with or without reimbursement, any of its personnel to assist the Office in canying out its functions under this Act. (f} The Director shall, in accordance with such policies as the Board shall prescribe, appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. FORTY-FIVE Contracts. 80 Stat. 499; 83 Stat. 190. Recordkeeping. AgencY. cooperation. Personnel detail.
PAGE 51
Membership. Duties. Chairman and Vice Chairman Term of office. Travel expenses. 80 Stat. 498; 83 Stat. 190. 5 USC 5701. Compensation. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ADVISORY COUNCIL SEC. 7. (a) The Office shall establish a Technology Assessment Advisory Council (hereinafter referred to as the "Council"). The Council shall be composed of the following twelve members: (1) ten members from the public, to be appointed by the Board, who shall be persons eminent in one or more fields of the physical, biological, or social sciences or engineering or experienced in the administration of technological activities, or who may be judged qualified on the basis of contributions made to educational or public activities; (2) the Comptroller General; and (3) the Director of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress. (b) The Council, upon request by the Board, shall-(1) review and make recommendations to the Board on activities undertaken by the Office or on the initiation thereof in accordance with section 3(d); (2) review and make recommendations to the Board on the findings of any assessment made by or for the Office; and (3) undertake such additional related taks as the Board may direct. (c) The Council, by majority vote, shall electfrom its members appointed under subsection (a)(1) of this section a Chairman and a Vice Chairman, who shall serve for such time and under such conditions as the Council may prescribe. In the absence of the Chairman, or in the event of his incapacity, the Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman. (d) The term of office of each member of the Council appointed under subsection (a)(1) shall be four years except that any such member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term. No person shall be appointed a member of the Council under subsection (a)(1) more than twice. Terms of the members appointed under subsection (a)(1) shall be staggered so as to establish a rotating membership according to such method as the Board may devise. (e)(1) The members of the Council other than those appointed under subsestion (a)(1) shall receive no pay for their services as members of the Council, but shall be allowed necessary travel expenses (or, in the alternative, mileage for use of privately owned vehicles and per diem in lieu of subsistence at not to exceed the rate prescribed in sections 5702 and 5704 of title 5, United States Code), and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of duties vested in the Council, without regard to the provisions of subchapter 1 of chapter 57 and section 5731 of title 5, United States Code, and regulations promulgated thereunder. (2) The members of the Council appointed under subsection (a)(1) shall receive compensation for each day engaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the Council at rates of pay not in excess of the daily equivalent of the highest rate of basic pay set forth in the General Schedule of section 5332(a) of title 5, United States Code, and in addition shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses in the manner provided for other members of the Council under paragraph (1) of this subsection. FORTY-SIX
PAGE 52
UTILIZATION OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SEC. 8. (a) To carry out the objectives of this Act, the Librarian of Congress is authorized to make available to the Office such services and assistance of the Congressional Research Service as may be appropriate and feasible. (b) Such services and assistance made available to the Office shall include, but not be limited to, all of the services and assistance which the Congressional Reserch Service is otherwise authorized to provide to the Congress. (c) Nothing in this section shall alter or modify any services or responsibilities, other than those performed for the Office, which the Congressional Research Service under law performs for or on behalf of the Congress. The Librarian is, however, authorized to establish within the Congressional Research Service such additional divisions, groups, or other organizational entities as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this Act (d) Services and assistance made available to the Office by the Congressional Research Service in accordance with this section may be provided with or without reimbursement from funds of the Office, as agreed upon by the Board and the Librarian of Congress. UTILIZATION OF THE GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE SEC. 9. (a) Financial and administrative services (including those related to budgeting, accounting, financial reporting, personnel, and procurement) and such other services as may be appropriate shall be provided the Office by the General Accounting Office. (b) Such services and assistance to the Office shall include, but not be limited to, all of the services and assistance which the General Accounting Office is otherwise authorized to provide to the Congress. (c) Nothing in this section shall alter or modify any services or responsibilities, other than those performed for the Office, which the General Accounting Office under law performs for or on behalf of the Congress. (d) Services and assistance made available to the Office by the General Accounting Office in accordance with this section may be provided with or without reimbursement from funds of the Office, as agreed upon by the Board and the Comptroller General. COORDINATION WITH THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION SEC. 10. (a) The Office shall maintain a continuing liaison with the National Science Foundation with respect t~ (1) grants and contracts formulated or activated by the Foundation which are for purposes of technology assessment; and (2) the promotion of coordination in areas of technology assessment, and the avoidance of unnecessary duplication or overlapping of research activities in the development of technology assessment techniques and programs. (b) Section 3(b) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1862(b)), is amended to read as follows: "(b) The Foundation is authorized to initiate and support specific scientific activities in connection with matters relating to international cooperation, national security, and the effects of scientific applications upon society by making contracts or other arrangements (including grants, loans, and other forms of assistance) for the conduct of such activities. When initiated or supported pursuant to requests made by any other Federal department FORTY-SEVEN Scientific programs, financing. 82 Stat. 360. 64 Stat. 156; 82 Stat. 365. 42 USC 1873.
PAGE 53
or agency, including the Office of Technology Assessment, such activities shall be financed whenever feasible from funds transferred to the Foundation by the requesting official as provided in section 14(g), and any such activities shall be unclassified and shall be identified by the Foundation as being undertaken at the request of the appropriate official." ANNUAL REPORT SEC. 11. The Office shall submit to the Congress an annual report which shall include, but not be limited to, an evaluation of technology assessment techniques and identification, insofar as may be feasible, of technological areas and programs requiring future analysis. Such report shall be submitted not later than March 15 of each year. APPROPRIATIONS SEC. 12. (a) To enable the Office to carry out its powers and duties, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Office, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, not to exceed $5,000,000 in the aggregate for the two fiscal years ending June 30, 1973, and June 30, 1974, and thereafter such sums as may be necessary. (b) Appropriations made pursuant to the authority provided in subsection (a) shall remain available for obligation, for expenditure, or for obligation and expenditure for such period or periods as may be specified in the Act making such appropriations. Approved October 13, 1972. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: HOUSE REPORTS: No. 92-469 (Comm. on Science and Astronautics) and No. 92-1436 (Comm. of Conference). SENATE REPORT No. 92-1123 (Comm. on Rules and Administration). CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 118 (1972): Feb. 8, considered and passed House. Sept 14, considered and passed Senate, amended. Sept. 22, Senate agreed to conference report. Oct. 4, House agreed to conference report. PORTV-IGIIHT
xml version 1.0 encoding UTF-8
REPORT xmlns http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitss xmlns:xsi http:www.w3.org2001XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocation http:www.fcla.edudlsmddaitssdaitssReport.xsd
INGEST IEID EO2SFSY8L_T2M6O1 INGEST_TIME 2017-05-24T20:43:59Z PACKAGE AA00055446_00014
AGREEMENT_INFO ACCOUNT UF PROJECT UFDC
FILES
|