Citation
The effect of Iron Coated Nanoparticles in the Process of Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol

Material Information

Title:
The effect of Iron Coated Nanoparticles in the Process of Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol
Series Title:
18th Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium
Creator:
Gonzalez Pupo, Dianelis
Gonzalez, Joel
de la Torre, Patricia
Language:
English

Subjects

Subjects / Keywords:
Center for Undergraduate Research
Genre:
Conference papers and proceedings
poster ( aat )

Notes

Abstract:
Nanoparticles have been used in the past years as powerful catalysts because of their peculiar characteristics that set them apart from their bulk concentrations. Previous experimental projects show that Iron (Fe) is one of the most used nano-materials because of its high reactivity and ferromagnetic properties. We described the synthesis and development of Fe nanoparticles in the reduction of 4-Nitrophenol into 4-Aminophenol using Palladium (II) Acetate (C4H6O4Pd) and Gold (III) Acetate (C6H9AuO6) as coating noble metals. Reactive Fe nanoparticles were prepared under ambient conditions using Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer. The newly created Fe nanoparticles were coated with Gold (III) Acetate and Palladium (II) Acetate respectively. A separate batch was kept uncoated to be used as a benchmark in the degradation experiments. The composition and morphology of the C4H6O4Pd/Fe and C6H9AuO6/Fe were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coated nanoparticles were tested in the degradation of 4-Nitrophenol. Experiments were recorded based on the light absorbance obtained from a spectrometer. The efficacy of the experiment depended on the concentration of Fe nanoparticles per sample. In comparison with the C4H6O4Pd/Fe nano-materials, C6H9AuO6/Fe demonstrated to degrade 4-Nitrophenol quicker when added into the solution. ( en )
General Note:
Research Authors: Dianelis Gonzalez Pupo, Joel Gonzalez, Patricia de la Torre - University of Florida; Daniel Sicilia - Miami Dade College, Miami, Florida
General Note:
Faculty Mentor: Gregory Smith - Liberal Arts and Sciences Department, Miami Dade College

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Source Institution:
University of Florida
Rights Management:
Copyright Dianelis Gonzalez Pupo, Joel Gonzalez and Patricia de la Torre. Permission granted to University of Florida to digitize and display this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.

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!"#$#%%#&'$(%$)*(+$,-+(.-*'/&0#1$/+$'"#$2*( $(%$3#4*-5-'/(+$(%$6 7 ,/'*(."#+(0 !"#$%&%"'()'*"' +,$$)-' (%".)/%0 1,.2"/)2-'3,)/'1,.2"/)2-'(".%)/'4%&%/%" 5 6%"7% 8 ("9)':,//);)-'<%"/)"=':"7>?0-'6%"7%-'@/,$%9" )+'*(58&'/(+ 9:;#&'/<# =(+&081/(+1 4 Nitrophenol is a pollutant that endangers the environment and jeopardizes human health Although the substance is known to be only found in extremely low concentration in the environment, the toxicity of the substance has been linked to the causation of respiratory and cutaneous diseases We theorize that using gold as the noble metal to coat the iron nanoparticles will cause the reduction of 4 nitrophenol ; turning the substance into 4 aminophenol To be able to prove our theory, we decided to conduct the experiment using two different catalysts ( Pd Au), both catalysts were coated with the iron nanoparticles The compounds were then added to the solution of 4 nitrophenol The data of that reaction was recorded and compared to the product of the un catalyzed reaction taking place between Fe/PVP and 4 nitrophenol >?@$)A-4#1 B$CA =-0/:*-'/(+$=8*<#1D Calibration curves were conducted to determine the concentration of 4 nitrophenol in an unknown sample compared to a set of standard samples of a known concentration. The different concentrations are shown below. E#58&'/(+D A The reduction of 4 nitrophenol (Alfa Aestar ) to 4 aminophenol was accomplished in the experiment based on the following steps: B !"#$"%&"'("$)$*"+%"'(", ./01'2345'&"678"79949"/50'"7":$$"%&";47<41 B =34";47<41"678"0345"2&7>49"'5"034"80/1"2&704"6/03"7"%7?540/>";71"/58/94"'("034"8'&@0/'5) B !"A"%&"8'&@0/'5"678"14%'B49"70"0/%4" B =34"A"%&"6414">4501/(@?49"('1"7"241/'9"'("#$"84>'59 B #"%&"'("034"147>0/'5"6414"757&CD49"/5"034"824>01'%4041) @#'"(51 We want to send our sincere appreciation to Howard Hughes Medical Institute for funding this research, and to Dr Gregory Smith, Mary Olagunju and Adriagna Castillo for helping us through this experience E#%#*#+ F&G+(H0#54#A#+'1 Nanoparticles have been vastly used in the past years as powerful catalysts because of their peculiar characteristics that set them apart from their bulk concentrations. Iron is one of the most used nanomaterials because of its high reactivity and ferromagnetic properties. It is known that the smaller the Fe nanoparticle the higher will be the reactivity and catalytic surface area per unit mass. Because Iron tends to aggregate during preparation, it has to be coated with an element from the 11th and 12th group of the transition metals These noble metals provide a high catalytic property due to the chemical valence unsaturation of the surface atoms, which favors the binding of reactants. Furthermore, the electronic effects of the almost filled d shell of the 11th and 12th group make the corresponding nanoparticles efficient catalysts. It has been discussed whether the valence electron present on the 6s orbital in Au ([ Xe ] # $ % & # ( ) # ) might be a reason for it to react faster than Pd ([Kr] & # ) by splitting the water molecule and binding to the hydrogen atom, which only requires a set of 2 electrons on its outermost shell. In the development of this research, iron nanoparticles were produced because of the abundance and economic value iron has on the market. The process was created by adding PVP and Iron (III) Chloride (Macro Fine Chemicals) to a water and ethanol solution. Then sodium borohydride was added to the mixture of iron(III) chloride/PVP, and water with ethanol to reduce the iron chloride into zero valence iron ( + ). We believe that this process will give us nanoparticles with a symmetrical shape and high catalytic properties. These pictures shows the process of degradation of the 4 nitrophenol. A. Au/Fe nanoparticles B. Pd /Fe nanoparticles C. Uncoated Fe nanoparticles >I+'"#1/1D The process used to prepare the nanoparticles was a variation of the original protocol found in (J. Mater. Chem., 2011,21,10454.) The variation included one of the elements (Au instead of Pd ) and certain steps performed. 0 0.182 0.547 0.908 1.175 1.602 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0 M 0.000001 M 0.000003 M 0.000005 M 0.000007 M 0.000009 M ABSORBANCE CONCENTRATION Calibration Curve Trial # 1 0 0.186 0.567 0.908 1.246 1.597 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0 M 0.000001 M 0.000003 M 0.000005 M 0.000007 M 0.000009 M ABSORBANCE CONCENTRATION Calibration Curve Trial # 2 0 0.204 0.581 0.918 1.261 1.619 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0 M 0.000001 M 0.000003 M 0.000005 M 0.000007 M 0.000009 M ABSORBANCE CONCENTRATION Calibration Curve Trial # 3 5A C"##"&="$DD" -'(AE' C"&="0 -'*A1E' F"=$". -'GA6A'()H)/,>7).#',I'$)"&#%H)' !9 J@)'K%7)#"//%&'.".,#?K)0'I,$' 9)&=/,$%."#%,. $)"&#%,.0 !"#$%&'(")( *&+,$-&'.(/0,1-.+$23(45663463(65787 LA 1".;?/" -'MAE' 3"."$9="." -':AE' N"$"."7 -'*AE' !,9%/ -'OAE'O",'M6A':"#"/D#%&' $)9?&#%,.',I'P 8 .%#$,>=).,/'?0%.;'K%,;).%&';,/9'".9'0%/H)$'.".,>"$#%&/)0' 9)$%H)9'I$,7' C$)D.%" $="7.,%9)0 91,$-:&%(/0,1-:&'(;":-,+2( <#='-:&+-"%.3(456634>3(684?@ A >7 QA R$H%.;-'6AE' S%".T%. -'*AE R7>"�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mg Gold (III) Acetate (Alfa Aestar ) was added to a 12.5 ml of the ethanol and nanoparticles solution. The process was performed by shaking the iron nanoparticles for a period of 4 days. After that, the solution of the water and ethanol was decanted and the nanoparticles were refilled with ethanol. Lastly, all of the vials were renamed and stored for future use. The reduction of the 4 Nitrophenol was performed using gold coated iron nanoparticles. Although the gold coated iron nanoparticles were able to reduce the 4 Nitrophenol, it took longer than expected. The data collected from the experiment is shown in the graphs below. Based on those data plot we can prove our hypothesis, and conclude that the iron nanoparticles that were coated with the gold performed a better reduction compared to the other iron nanoparticles. Based on the result achieved from the experiment we can recommend the use of gold coated iron nanoparticles for future experiments in the reduction of 4 nitrophenol. 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 C / 0 (%) Time (Mins) 3. Fe / PVP Average / Standard Deviation 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 C / 0 (%) Time (Mins) 2. Pd / Fe Average / Standard Deviation 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 C / 0 (%) Time (Mins) 1. Au / Fe Trial Average / Standard Deviation !"#$%& %%%%%%% % !"#$%' % !"#$%(& % !"#$%(' % !"#$%)& % !"#$%*' % !"#$%+& %