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II
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11,10




THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE
CHAPLAINS ASSOCIATION OF THE ARMY AND NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES 1751 N Street, N.W., Washington 6, D. C.
The Professional Journal for Chaplains and
Religious Workers C O N T E N T S
EDITOR .......... CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM
ASSOCIATE ..... CHAPLAIN MONROE DREW, JR. COVER: Our Cover page is a familiar scene, photographed at
EDITORIAL BOARD Camp Roberts, California, early in the war. "Men at CHAPLAINS WALTER B. ZIMMERMAN, Arlington, Prayer" would title it well. Virginia; CLIFFORD M. DRURY, San Anselmo, Cal. REAR ADMIRAL WILLIAM N. THOMAS . PREand WILLIAM T. BRUNDICK, Overseas Editor. SCENTED LEGION OF MERIT..... .....
SENTED LEGION OF MERIT .......... ..........
A COMMENDATION BY GENERAL WASHINGTON.. 1 THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN is not
the official mouthpiece of the. Chief of Chaplais "PUT AWAY THE PEASHOOTERS! . USE OF MODof the Army or of the Navy. The fact that an ERN MEDIA ................................... 2
article appears in its columns does not indicate the approval of the views expressed in it by any A LETTER FROM JAPAN .............. ....... 5
group or any individual other than the author. It
is our policy to print articles on subjects of inter- CHAPTERS SPELL S-T-R-E-N-G-T-H! (An Editorial) .... 6
est to chaplains and religious workers although
some or all of the opinions advanced may be at MORAL AND SPIRITUAL ADVANTAGES IN ARMED variance with those held by the President of the
Chaplains Association, the members of the Execu- FORCES .................................... 7
tive Staff and the Editors.
PROBING PROBLEMS WITH THE VETERANS ........ 8
The Chaplains Association of the THE CHRISTIAN PROBLEM IN PALESTINE ......... 11
The Chaplains Assoaiation of the
Army and Navy of the United States THE CHAPLAIN'S STUDY AND DEVOTIONAL LIFE.. 13
EXECUTIVE STAFF EDITORIALS ................................. ..... 16
PRESIDENT THE CANDLES ARE LIT AGAIN! ................ .. 17
CHAPLAIN ROBERT J. WHITE, USNR PREDOMINANT CONSIDERATIONS IN COUNSELING MILITARY PERSONNEL . .... 18 VICE PRESIDENTS
VICE PRESIDENTS MORE ABOUT JAPANESE CHAPLAINS ........... 21
CHAPLAIN FRANCIS V. SULLIVAN, USNR.. .I AA
BUILD THE COMMUNITY ....... ............... 22
CHAPLAIN FREDERICK C. REYNOLDS, NG. II AA
ALEXANDERS REUNITED AFTER WARTIME
CHAPLAIN RICHARD L. ALEXANDER, ChRes. III AA SEPARATION ............. 23
CHAPLAIN THOMAS F. CORCORAN, VA...IV AA SCHOOL CHILDREN WANT TO KNOW! ........... 24
CHAPLAIN WILLIAM J. MONAHAN, ChRes.. V AA STATE V.A. DEPUTY RAPS VET CRITICS .......... 25
CHAPLAIN CLiFORD'M. DRURY, USNR'... VI AA
CHAPLAIN CLIFFORDM. DRURY, USNR. . VI AA 38TH GRADUATION CLASS-FORT OGLETHORPE, CHAPLAIN BERNARD SEGAL, ChRes...... At Large GEORGIA ........... ........................26
CHAPLAIN FRANK L. WHITE, AUS ..... At Large KNOW YOUR CHAPLAIN .. 26 CHAPLAIN JAMES B. CLAYPOOL, USNR. At Large THE CHAPLAINCY IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY ... 27 MEMBER WHEN JOHNNY COMES MARCHING HOME-WITH MEMBER 29
COLONEL A. S. GOODYEAR A "BCD" .... .... ....29
CHAPLAIN ALVA.J. BRASTED, Ret'd THOUGHTS, ACTIVITIES, TECHNIQUES .......... 31
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY-TREASURER EDITOR'S NOTE ................................. 32
CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM
VOLUME XVII JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1947 NUMBER
Published quarterly by the Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United States Issues are dated January-February, April-Mlay July-August and October-November. Publication, Editorial and Executive Offices, 1751 N Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. Entered as Seotnd Class Matter at Washington, D. C., additional entry at Richmond, Virginia, under the act of March 3, 1879. Mailed to individuals eligible for Mel bership in the Chaplains Association under payment of the current mem bership fee of $2.00 per calendar year. Subscriptions to all others not eligible f membership are $2.00 per calendar year. Foreign subscriptions (non-members) are $3.00 per calendar year THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN does not carry paid advertisements.




ear Admiral William N. Thomas, Chaplain Corps, U. S. N.
Presented Legion of Merit
Rear Admiral William N. Thomas, Chaplain Corps, Chaplains; the Very Reverend Edward V. Stanford, O.S.A., u.S.N., was presented the Legion of Merit on 10 January Rector, Augustinian C6llege; Dr. Leslie C. Glenn, Rector, 1947 for outstanding service as Senior Chaplain at the St. John's Episcopal Church; the Reverend J. M. Dawson, United States Naval Academy from December, 1941, to D.D., Executive Secretary of the Joint Conference Comjune, 1945, and as Chief of Chaplains from July, 1945, mittee on Public Relations, Northern, Southern and Nato the present. tional Baptist Churches; Dr. F. A. Reissig, Executive SecVice Admiral Louis E. Denfeld, U.S.N., Chief of Naval retary, National Church Federation of Washington, and Personnel, made the presentation at a ceremony in the members of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Civilian AdArlington Annex, Navy Department, attended by promi- visory Committee. nent religious leaders of the Washington D. C., area.
The text of the citation reads:
"For exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as Senior Chaplain at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, December 1941, to June 1945; and subsequently as Chief of Chaplains from July 1945 to the present. When called upon to assume new duties, Rear Admiral Thomas left behind him at the Naval Academy the fine results of his many years of faithful service and the enduring impression of his sincere Christian character, profoundly influencing Midshipmen preparing to defend their country. Serving wisely and sympathetically in the ,administration of the Chaplain Corps, Rear Admiral Thomas, by. his inspiring leadership and unwavering devotion to the spiritual needs of personnel of all religious faiths, upheld the highest traditions of
the United States Naval Service."
Present at the ceremony were: Bishop Charles W. Flint and Mr. D. S. Patterson of the Methodist Commission on
- A Commendation By General Washington
To the Church and Congregation at Woodstock:
Mr. Leonard is a man whose exemplary life and conversation must make him highly esteemed
by very person who has the pleasure of being acquainted with him. The Congregation of Woodstock know him well, it therefore can be no surprise to us to hear that they will be loath to partwith him. His usefulness in this Army is great. He is employed in the glorious work of attending to the morals of a brave people who are fighting for their liberties, the liberties of the people of Woodstock, the liberties of all America. We therefore hope that knowing how nobly he is employed, the Congregation of Woodstock will cheerfully give up to the public a gentleman so very useful, and when by the blessing of a Kind Providence this glorious and unparalleled struggle for our liberties is at an end, we have not the least doubt, but Mr. Leonard will with redoubled joy be received in the open arms of a Congregation so very dear to him, as the good people of Woodstock are. This is what is hoped for, this is what is
expected by the Congregation of Woodstock's sincere well wisher and
Very Humble Servant
George Washington
Headquarters
Cambridge 24 March 1776 Israel Putnam
The above edited copy of General Washington's letter is taken from a photostatic copy of the original, which, framed with a
picture of the Reverend Mr. Leonard, is now in the Office of the Army Chief of Chaplains. However, research does not disclose any mention of Mr. Leonard by Headley, or by Heitman. Historians please note and help!-EDITOR.
January-February, 1947




"Put Away The Peashooters! .
Use Of Modern Media
By CHAPLAIN MONROE DREW, JR., USNR
SANY years ago those whose business it was to dis- of God" to compete with "men of the world," so laugh.
IY seminate truth to an ancient world were reminded ably amateurish are the efforts of most religious presenta that it was impossible to keep the "new wine" of religion tions in comparison to the bold and wholesale moulding in. old "wineskins." They knew well enough what was of public tastes and everyday morals accomplished by the meant, and a few of them responded, unafraid to break highly developed and complex entertainment and adver. with traditional ways of working with God when those tising industries. ways no longer served their rightful purpose. We have only to spin the dials of our radios through
If those of another day learned well the lesson that "new the gamut of religious programs to get a painful demon. occasions teach new duties" how much easier it should be stration of our lack of imagination, skill, or even good for us in this age of almost miraculous mass media to sense. If we are not merely adding our "friends of th go int6o all the worlds of our civilization and preach and air" to a somewhat abbreviated version of typical services teach the good news of God. "of worship, or putting a super-dignified spotlight upon
In spite of ample indications that unprecedented interest some relatively well-known clergyman's lecture or sermon in the use of visual aids, especially 16-mm. sound motion we are making day as well as night hideous with the pictures, is not merely a passing or surface phenomenon, strained but sanctimonious howls of untrained and mediit is still evident that few of our clergy have awakened to ocre singers . to say little of the well-meaning but lineven the most conservative vision of possibilities in a wise acting brethren of the makeshift cloth who pay their way and strategic use of those modern tools of propaganda into the microphones of a thousand "coffee-pot" radio which lie at our very finger tips. stations with about the poorest excuse for propaganda
We often hear the opinion expressed by religious peo- imaginable.
ple that "the church can't compete with the world," and, Policies of the major broadcasting networks and the few if such a negative and pessimistic idea were not enough to examples of Catholic, Jewish and Protestant Nation-wide disappoint us, the same well-meaning defenders of the programs indicate that definite efforts are being made to faith usually add something to the effect that it is be- improve the quality of religious radio, but only along neath the dignity of the church to use the techniques of traditional and unimpressive lines. Broadway and Hollywood in regard to religion. As if any- But before venting our wrath upon those who are at one interested in, say, religious visual education, is, by the least trying to use a modern medium, regardless of how same token, a budding Billy Sunday or Aimee Semple Mc- poorly, let us swallow a little of the homiletical medicine Pherson. Swe delight in handing out to the pew-population, . and
Those who are part of the growing army of audio-visual remember that sins of omission are often far more serinenthusiasts will at this point be sure to claim that I am ous than any in the rest of the catalog. setting up a straw man argument, since we seem to be What we are doing in our churches, cathedrals, .and 1"over the hump" already in seeking wider recognition synagogues is acceptable enough, judged by its own standfor more modern techniques in religious education. They ards, . but, unfortunately, those standards belong to will suggest that a much wiser course to take would be another day. It is almost as if we churchmen were doing~ that of a slow but sure encirclement of the opposition, our best to ignore the fact that whole centuries have gone assisted by the process of gravitation-to-the-graveyard con- by since we last took stock of ourselves. Close association duicted by Mother Nature herself. with Gothic architecture and ancient ritual has evidently
But waiting around for a few good funerals seldom affected our heads as well as our hearts. We pride 'oursolves any serious problem in the realm of human rela- selves on being cross-bow experts in an atomic age! In tions, and there comes a time in most important conflicts fact, the peashooter would better describe most of our when valor should take the lead over palaver and polite basic weapons, psychologically speaking! compromise. The clergyman who serves or has served with the armed
That time has certainly come in regard to the use not forces is in a position to know better than most of hi only of films and companion audio-visual techniques and colleagues how ill-equipped we are to effectively reach the media, but the other methods of mass-psychology as well. typical modern youngster to whom tomorrow itself be Every element in human communication is involved, from longs. The average American boy is underdeveloped in the general format of all types of publications to im- most moral and spiritual respects, and loves you for yoi promptu public speaking and back again. personal interest in his worry-aches and pains, and yor
It is difficult to blame those of the church-going segment comradeship in a difficult world. He knows little of what of society who feel that it is quite impossible for "men you mean when you preach from what you call holy writ, 2 The Army and Navy Chaplai'




Sw low before what to you is a most high altar, . In spite of efforts made by such organizations as the and he cares something less. National Film Council, the nontheatrical film field, from What else would you expect him to be or to think? production through distribution, is in a state of turmoil, Over one-half of our children and young people of the even today. This is especially true of the religious film secUnited States have received no training whatever from tor. The demand for projectors far exceeds the supply. church or synagogue, and those who have received it are, Distribution since 1942 of Religious Film Association catafor the most part, perplexed and woefully ignorant prod- logs is at the 40,000 mark and only indicates the vast ucts of a one-hour-a-week system of education which re- market already available. Naturally, there is a certain fuses to take its job seriously, amount of mad and feverish scramble toward the exploiIt may be altogether too harsh an estimate of the situa- tation of what appears to be a marvelous business opportion to claim that religious educators refuse to meet the tunity. basic obligations set before them. For many intelligent and To bring order out of this chaos is a major undertaking, highly resourceful people are hard at work in this field, and primarily a matter involving basic ethical values,. i and much that is worthwhile and significant hovers on the We have seen what has happened to the theatrical film horizon, field, in its supercommercialization of art. Nowhere in the
It is safe to say, however, that the ever-widening gap American scene is there a more inconsistent social vision between youth and the church-between young people or a more complete disregard for the spiritual and moral and sane standards of living has so harassed and stymied welfare of the general public. those in positions'of responsibility that our leadership has In a recent interview with one of Hollywood's major little inspiration and drive behind it; a sense of futility producers, the writer was attempting to secure co perapervades the scene. Divorce rates, crime rates, increases tion in our Navy Chaplain Corps' project in which we are in liquor consumption, the whole chaotic dislocation seeking to dramatize decency through a series of charof human effort which includes the two most devastating acter education films. After reviewing a list of some fifteen wars of history seems too much for the professional church moral issues such as "temperate living," "personal integworker, including the clergyman, to take. rity," and "the importance of religion," the film executive
The preacher is in a little more tolerable position than said, in sincerity, "Why, Chaplain, we have dealt with all are his colleagues, for he at least gets to "blow his top" these in outstanding feature pictures, and handled them now and then in a sermon. far better than it can be done again. All you have to do
But now is no time to be discouraged! With all its is to put this list next to that in the Film Yearbook and frustrations and fears, this is a day of great promise. The take your pick!" world, physically, has become every man's back yard. Sci- It must be admitted that some very great motion picence stands ready with the release of energy and power tures have come out of Hollywood. But they have been undreamed of five years ago. And scientific experts are pictures aimed directly at the box office, and even the best asking in no uncertain terms for assistance and moral of them pull punches and glamorize just enough to keep guidance in the constructive utilization of this energy. them in the entertainment bracket. Never in all of history have we been faced so unmistak- Whether the film tycoons appreciate it or like it makes ably with the proof that a brotherhood of man is the only little difference-the neighborhood theater has become a reasonable blueprint for happy human existence. major source of whatever social education most American
The Christian might profit greatly by speculating as to young people receive. Customs and standards of behavior what Jesus might have done if today's tools had been are actually "created" by Hollywood, alongwith fashions in commonplace two thousand years ago. Or Paul or Igna- dress and interior decoration. Even the moon is made of tius Loyola. . And the Jew might ask himself, in all paper on the Hollywood stage set, . and many of the seriousness, what use Elijah, or Moses, or Amos might morals portrayed under that moon are just as synthetic have made of radio, or the motion picture, or television! An effective refutation of many a press-agent's claim that
It is easy enough for us to say, "Well, let's go ahead Hollywood merely interprets American life is the experiand use modern media. Let's improve our radio programs, ence the occupation forces in Germany and Japan are make more and better religious transcriptions and records, having in attempting to provide films which will give an produce and distribute top-quality religious motion pic- accurate and constructive impression of America at her tures, film strips, and slides, experiment with new tech- best. niques in television, improve the format of our church and One who is directly involved in this program told me synagogue publications, use the graphic arts for all they just a few weeks ago in New York that it is an almost are worth, teach preachers to quit sounding like preachers; hopeless task to find among the hundreds of high-grade
. let's do these things, and many more, right now!" entertainment films available any that will give an unBut to do them; . that's a different story. warped and convincing sales talk for democracy or even
Take for instance the religious motion picture. One has common sense morality.
Only to examine the history of visual education in the We must not let the religious film fi'eld become such a church, which goes back to 1895 and beyond, to realize commercial free-for-all. And what is perhaps even more that many indeed have been the brave dreams and braver important, we must not allow denominational and sectarian beginnings,. that we have our modern martyrs, interests and ambitions to bring about any serious misuse burned at the stake of big business. of this great medium. JanuaryFebruary, 1947 3




The possibilities we mention are very real. Not long photogenic practices and aspects of Protestantism.
ago an extremely conservative Protestant denomination The great contribution to public moral welfare mad produced a film, costing something like $50,000. Its pur- by the Catholic Legion of Decency should be enoug pose was the promotion of personal evangelism. One of evidence to the American religious public that Protestan the clergymen most concerned in its production said, in Catholic and Jew have here a common cause. Lax and I so many words, "We had no idea that other churches would different as Hollywood is at the present time, in regard want it." to things moral and spiritual, we have a challenge to th
Such a short-sighted attitude is unbelievable. In this par- imagination involved as to what we'd be getting if Cath ticular case, the demand was fortunately so great that a lic reaction and threat to box office were not constant Special rental service to other denominations had to be present. set up, and receipts, at last report, had exceeded the $94,- The point I mean to make is simply this. Protestan 000 mark. But such an experience has already given vanri- Catholic and Jew must share, consciously, the commo ous denominations encouragement to plan high-cost films task of education for a better world of better men, to dramatize their own points-of-view, and one day soon and realize how far we are from doing this. The best a we will all be able to make a much more discriminating of us has to offer at present in the way of challenge t choice of religious film-fare than is now possible. It will the modern world is feeble indeed when compared Wi be a sad day indeed if films are also used to further divi- the potentialities of propaganda weapons available. W sion and discord among those whose official theme song is cannot waste valuable time and effort in competing, ho "Peace on earth among men of good will." ever politely, with each other, when a whole pagan worli
Another case in point is that of the Protestant Film Corn- bids fair to put us and what we stand for on the shelf! mission, recently organized under reputable and represen- Today there is, to our knowledge, only one practicing tative auspices to be the recognized agency of Protestant clergyman in the United States who is a full-time p churches in dealing with the motion picture industry; to ducer of motion pictures. He is the Reverend James 1 see that the Protestant point-of-view receives fair consider- Friedrich, an Episcopalian. Few know his story or appr ation in Hollywood entertainment films; and to raise a ciate the fact that he is a symbol of things to come, revolving fund of one million dollars to produce reli- courageous fighter against the limited vision and lethargy gious films. of the religious rank and file. . Many who have se
While all of the aims presented by the P.F.C. are high- his Cathedral Films productions are quick to criticize these ly commendable and deserve active support, it is impos- low-budget short subjects on the life and teachings oi sible to overlook a strong motive behind all of its work Christ, . to ignore the fact that in 1939 he took a r to stress the "Protestant" brand of Christianity as over cently inherited personal fortune and put it all into "Th against the "Roman Catholic." This is a definite danger Great Commandment," an outstanding feature-length signal to all who are interested in .the future effectiveness ligious motion picture which he sold at a profit to Tweof. religious motion pictures. tieth Century Fox. These proceeds served to finance, wi
While the writer is a Protestant he wishes to pay tribute little support from the church, a remarkable undertaken to the Roman Catholic Church, not only in its relation- in the. production and distribution of some twenty flm ships with the film industry, but in its forward look which have filled a real need and point to an almost n throughout the whole field of public relations. Its contri- limited realm of possibility. butions, for the most part, are such as to benefit the cause We cannot all be film producers, of course, but we ca of religion in general, and its methods are both clever lend prayerful thought and effort to the more cooperative and effective in the positive sense. Protestants who wince and careful utilization of modern media in the present at a steady parade of such feature films as "Going My tion of religion. Way," "The Green Years," "Keys of the Kingdom," and Certainly there are enough servants of God who hav o thers, will do well to ask what we have offered Holly- the courage to put away the peashooters, t. to rel wood as substitute story material, . and also to comn- gate techniques of the past to the past, and raise ou p are the difference in dramatic quality between Catholic sights to targets which ancient arms could not even hop ritual, dress and custom, as compared with the much less to reach!
ARE YOU FISCAL?
Your Membership Card Will Tell You!
Send In Your Dues!
4 'The Army and Navy Chapi




A Letter From Japan
HEADQUARTERS EIGHTH ARMY party. Chaplain Roy Morden took care of innumerable details,
OFFICE OF THE CHAPLAIN including the lunch.
APO 343 Chaplain Pete Diemer, my other associate in the office, did yeo21 Nov 1946 man service before and during the service. lain (Maj) Harold Elsam Chaplain Kendle was host chaplain; since he is in charge of, aChaph ( .aldi sa to the Army activities of the Presbyterian church in which we met. Arxin and Navy Chaplains' Association Frost, who is a tower of strength in these parts, did some prayWashington, D C. ing for us.
D~ear'lsam:ing for us.
Dear Elsam: The new officers elected for the next quarter are as follows: Herewith the first gun in a campaign to put and keep the President: Chaplain (Maj) Herman J. Kregel, Chaplains' Association on the map in Japan. We were stymied Hq 1st Cav Div a bit by a "Nose-count" order which kept men from a distance 1st Vice Pres: Chaplain (Maj) John P. Duggan, at home. That will not be apt to catch us again. Hq PASCUSA We are trying to educate the brethren to save up their Tokyo- 2nd Vice Pres: Chaplain (Capt) Ollie V. Elkins, oLoharia chores for the day and date of the monthly Association 71st QM meeting. Next one wilYbe held in Tokyo, some forty-five minutes Secretary: Chaplain (Capt) Angelus P. Diemer, away. Our forty-five chaplains and guests should double with Hq 8th Army. a bit of managing AND publicity. We have access to the air, the Kregel is Japan correspondent for the Christian Century and press, the bulletins, letters and the good word-o-mouth method, heads a very creditable Clergy Club to which I belong which Can't lose. meets in Tokyo and attracts Chaplains and top-flight missionaries A round dozen communions were represented. Largest single of the male persuasion. group. were Catholic. Methodists took second place, and the rest Tell us how else we can do your work for you out here, short were scattered but there. of collecting the dues. The luncheon was good and the Faithful tarried to twitter in Best to all the fine folk who may remember me. true clergy fashion. They were only in session during the morn- Fraternally, ing. They made a day of it, and liked it. Chaplain Samuel Zait- HARRY C. FRASER chik did a fine job on the publicity and then could not make the Chaplain (Col) USA.
Redi'ng left to right: First Row-William B. Crocker, Roanoke, Virginia; John Wis- Sioux City, Iowa. Fourth Row-John C. Radlinski, Toledo, Ohio; W. M. Mchar Portland, Oregon; Aaron D. Mann, Abilene, Texas; Albert F. Sargent, Welsh Cracken, Chicago, Illinois; Leon M. Adler, Brooklyn, New York; Angelus P. Diemer, sles, British Commonweaith, England; Col. F. W. Goates, Salt Lake City, Utah; New York City; Leslie A. Thompson, Springfield, Missouri. Fifth Row-Claude B.
nm DWugan, Buffalo, New York; Tunis S. Cordial, Los Angeles, California; Norton, Dubuque, Iowa; Thomas B. Peery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; William A.
,.ne W t, N~ew York City; Roy A. Morden, Chicago, Illnois. Second Pow- , , .,,,hnJ :;.
Waller G. McLeo, Jackson tabama T.rden, C ohi lmag, Ilin s Seco Flyn-n, St. Louis, Missouri; Herman J. Kregel, Springville, Iowa; Prentis W. Chunn, lis, Cattanooga, Tennessee; B. B Bailey Coldwater Mississippi Harry C Jr., Waco, Texas. Sixth Row-Ernest F. Kendle, Anniston, Alabama; William J Fraser, Glendal California; Vincent A. Hetherington, New York City; Orville Den- Higgins, New York City; A. P. Bailey, Richmond, Virginia. Lost Row-Rabbi Hirsh 4 s, Mankato, Minnesota. Third Row-W. N. Frost, Bakersfield, California; W. K. Jacob, Poland; Stephen H. Duggan, Chicago, Illinois; Capt. Earl D. Seney, Minnenle, Trinity, Texas; B. G. Perry, Alton Station, Kentucky; Willard J.-Christy, apolis, Minnesota; Rchard A Malloy New York City.
nucIry-February, 1947 5




Chapters Spell S-T-R-E-N-G-T-H.
(An Editorial) vention. Matters of local concern are within the legij
AT a recent meeting of the Executive Staff much thought mate field of the local chapter. We therefore believe that was given to the creation and development of local the above policy should control the passing of resolutions chapters. In such a program lies the greater success of the and pronouncements of all chapters. State and Area Chair. Chaplains Association through the coming years. The local men (we call the latter vice-presidents) should be well in chapter can be the unit of strength, comparable, shall we touch with all their chapters, with their problems and the say, to the local congregation in church life, or the precinct achievements. Through these carefully selected leaders the. in politics. National Association can be guided in the making of inm politics.
Many decisions must be made between now and May policy.
concerning the latent possibilities of such growth and de- In the matter of time and place of meeting the loca velopment. How many chaplains shall be the minimum chapter must, of course, have full autonomy. We also sug. membership requirement? . What jurisdiction should gest similar freedom in the choice of program. Local leathe National, Area, and State Chairmen have? . What ership is well equipped and sufficiently ingenious to deshall be our policy with regard to the making of pro- tail programs of immediate concern and interest. T'e nouncements and passing of resolutions on the part of whole depth of visual education is to be explored. The the local chapter? . What about dues, meetings, dele- problems of delinquency are of national concern and must gates? be solved by constant cooperative effort on the part of al It is our belief that the local chapter should consist of chaplains, working, we trust, in close liaison with their a minimum of tl-ree to five chaplains. The witness of such non-chaplain clerical brethren and with all forces of soca chaplains-Jewish, Catholic, Protestant-gathering to dis- growth. Within the area of our popular slogan, coopera cuss their common task-gathering in village and city, in tion without compromise," great witness can be borne by country church or cathedral, in wayside inn or army post all religious faiths toward the truth that makes men free.
-would be of incalculable value. It would stimulate the If we are to resolve our conventions into anything more religious witness that is needed today throughout our significant than mass meetings of those chaplains so foERepublic. tunate as to be enabled to attend, it is imperative that a Matters of national import should be referred to' the delegate system be achieved. Such a procedure is thorough. Executive Staff which, in turn, is responsible to the Con- ly democratic and is about the only way in which we can,
CUnu mo h
6N Ci NA'
Continental U.S. Chaplains Association Areas.,Study in conjuncto with masthead4o'this edition
6 1 Th AryadNvyCailn




faiess, surmount the potential evils of a "proxy sys- is not divulging secrets to say that a very prominent chapThe writer is peculiarly sensitive in this matter be- ter finances its program by a monthly charge of fifteen use of the intellectual massage he received at the hands cents over and beyond the immediate cost of the monthly certain brethren during the recent convention held in luncheon. This system supplies the local treasurer with The Pentagon. Appointment of delegates will localize adequate funds for his local program of advertising. This the proxy vote and retain its democratic values whilst method painlessly extracts from each participant in the guarding against its possible abuses. local meetings the maximum of $1.50 for the ten gatherAnd dues? Ah, there's the rub; Clich6 may build upon ings of the chapter during the year. ich6 as we argue or analyze this point. The blunt story We are ready to proceed with the organization of chapIs this: we are publishing a good paper and maintaining ters. Let us get them going! The program is WORK, stenographic and clerical help upon a very meager budget. Chaplains work, whether we be in the active service or in The local chapter should be empowered to collect dues the reserve. And Chaplains WORK is always centered ad give a temporary receipt. The minimum of $2.00 per around the welfare of people. Contact your Area Viceanum should be forwarded to the main office from where President (see the masthead on inside cover). Or write a Membership Card will be issued. If the local chapter to National Headquarters. There is no reason why we needs certain sums to continue its local program there should have less than five hundred active chapters funcshould be no obstacle put in the way of such practice. It tioning before the San Antonio Convention in May!
Moral and Spiritual Advantages In
Armed Forces*
Hi E Army is one of the few places in the American to these men wherever they are with a vital and practical scheme where there is a planned and supervised pro- faith preached and practiced by men who are comrades gram of education and recreation to provide youth with of the soldiers in a common endeavor. fciities for the worthy use of their leisure time. An Army Much publicity is given to such evidence as there is of installation is one of the few places where a strenuous delinquency among our soldiers. We tend to forget that effort is made to drive vice out of the communities adjacent the moral breakdown apparent in our American life is it or to police those communities for the protection of not confined to the Army. Indeed the most pressing social
t or ohpolie se ommdunitines elu
t older when he is off duty. It is the only place where problem facing us today is that of juvenile delinquency a religious program for men of all faiths is conducted by among our boys and girls of high school age. When we the Government, with trained clergymen constantly in consider the perils of youth, of separation from their homes attendance and chapels provided with equipment and per- and the beneficent influences of church and school, it is onnel to carry on a comprehensive spiritual ministry well to recall the alarming evidences of moral disinteon our young men. gration among those who never left home.
In the four years since Pearl Harbor 8,000 Army chap- The repeated libel of those who insist that military trainls conducted more than 5,000,000 services with a cumu- ing or service degrades or debauches our sons or translative attendance of over 300,000,000 men. These same forms them into regimented robots or goosestepping milichaplains with signal devotion made more than 73,000,000 tarists is sickening. Upon what evidence do the critics base pastoral calls on the sick and the wounded on the battle- these assertions? Those who have served through training fields and in the hospitals all over the world. They have and combat with the men now in the Army know better. held more than 279,000,000 conferences with individual You who have received these men back into your homes soldiers in which they have brought to lonely, puzzled, again know better. There are weaklings among them, but fearful or seeking men the comfort, counsel, and encour- the vast majority have returned to their homes stronger agement of a strong and steadfast faith. At no comparable physically, mentally, and morally than when they went period in our history have so many churches been built, away and far more peace-loving and democratic for their so many services conducted for soldiers, so many Bibles experiences. They have learned discipline and comradeand other sacred literature distributed or a greater program ship through service, patience and endurance through sufof religious education and inspiration carried on. fering, initiative and confidence through achievement. These significant figures demonstrate conclusively that You do not win victories with moral weaklings. It takes the moral and spiritual welfare of the men in service has character to stand the test of battle, and these men had not been neglected in the past and will not be neglected what it takes. in the future. It is abundantly evident, as many have o a o t k e h
e tercThey are one and all typical of the kind of men who pointed out, that most men were nearer to the church and ..
its n emerge from either training or service with the American
ministry in the Army than they ever were in civilian g
life. The churches through the chaplains bring religion Army. We can confidently expect that the American soldier of the future will be even more strengthened-menExt act from a memorandum submitted by the War Department to th Sente Committee on Military Affairs, 8 April 46. tally, morally, and physically.
anuary-February, 1947 7




Probing Problems With The Veterans
By CHAPLAIN ROWLAND A. DAVENPORT
W HEN I first saw the suggested title for this paper, necessary. But after this introductory evaluation, then w "Probing Problems with the Veterans," I thought, must start to build that confidence to the degree it wil "What a flattering compliment to give any chaplain, let have a real and lasting therapeutic value. alone the chaplain addressed." Such a title calls for an To win this confidence I shall mention three things encyclopedical mind which I do not possess. A conference One, a misapprehension and two, positive approaches with Chaplain Anderson and the printed program have Others could be mentioned but these will suffice for this narrowed it down to the rehabilitation of the veteran in paper. First, do not for a moment think you are goin regard to his church and his religion, to be invited into their mental spiritual inner sanctum b War plays some embarrassing, discouraging and dis- becoming an ecclesiastical chore boy. They will ask you ruptive capers with the faith of one's youth. Many have to do this and that for them. Keep this down to the oi found the established church of our faith comparable in mum because such efforts accomplish little towards our many ways with the established faiths of our comrades supreme task. We run errands and they promptly forget and buddies. War made us more tolerant because we have us until the next time they want to save a nickel by having found that clergymen of other faiths could and did min- us use the hospital phone to communicate with the wife ister to our spiritual needs. Thus we have lost interest in or girl friend. They have the Red Cross, other Special building a high stone wall about our denomination. Some Service personnel, and Social Service as well as a host of have thrown the church overboard because they have felt other organizations better equipped than we to do this that the church failed them in their "battle of the bulge." work. As civilians we never had the need to test the church's The second approach I would suggest is sincerity. This' tenets and assertions. War gave these truths their severest was forcefully brought to my attention some weeks agoby test and they failed to pass that test. It might be, and a patient who asked me, "Would you compromise youth generally is, the fault of the individual, but we have called principles ?" This patient has a keen mind, does a lot of the failure a weakness of the church. Others came home constructive thinking and is considered unorthodox in his to what they thought would be a church alive to the world ward and in some limited theological circles. Basically, his and its needs to find that her chief concern is almost en- views are sound. Because I often agreed with him, while tirely personal. She had no vision. After a few feeble ef- his ward mates didn't, he thought that I was not sincere. forts to try and raise her eyes to new horizons, many have I had to go into a lengthy explanation on the psychology given it up and made the Legion, the Lodge, the Knife- of agreement and disagreement in regard to healing. The Fork Clubs and the Chamber of Commerce their avenues to make doubly certain that he would know that I was for Kingdom-of-God-expressions. Many have not been sincere I offered him some of my own ammunition to be able to use the freedom that army life gives the GI after added to his own philosophical arsenal of life. To our duty hours. The protection of home and family were re- patients life is severe, it is unjust and it is hard. They want moved which left the gate wide open for the partial, and their chaplains to show a consciousness of these facts, but in too many cases the full expression of the baser nature show it with a light touch. However, do not make the risof the human animal. These and many other reactions on take of being too light. Fundamentally this sincerity is the the part of the veteran present the chaplain with a real foundation for all confidence, a word which has as its challenge in the matter of religious rehabilitation, root a Latin word meaning "faith."
It is my conviction that people, regardless of their army The third and last factor to be mentioned as a help
:: P .. ... Y The third and last factor to be m entioned as a help i experiences, are basically religious. A few may be going gaining confidence is to possess an explainable and nto the interpreter of tea leaves, crystal balls, the human d a it o of the problem of pain an
" : .. ; . .. . . ._ cerstanaale interpretation of the problem ofrpain-an
palm, numbers, ghosts and the bumps on their heads for drstndb intrpetaio o -: .. palm, numbers, ghosts and the bumps on their heads for suffering. This question will confront us more frequentl their soul s cure, but the vast majority will come to us as in our rounds than any half-dozen others. These men an soo as the can se thtwaeteaswrt hi in our rounds than any half-dozen others. These ren and soon as they can see that we have the answer to their prob- women are forceably in the presence of this proble lem. No less an authority than the unorthodox Sigmund They live with it twenty-four hours a day. If they can Freu said. tha he preferre th pato inthsemates They live with it twenty-four hours a day. If they can 1) Freud said that he preferred the pastor in these matters. led to see, and adjust themselves accordingly, that pain It is the chaplain who has this cure. It is he who can give can be redemptive rather than punitive, we have don the greatest aid in putting Humpty-Dumpty together again much in pointing their mental eyes in the right direction.
> .. ..... :_ ., -much in pointing theirmental eyes in thegb dietin {when life is breaking up or> fallig apart. the .. ... when life is breaking up or falling apart. After these introductory remarks I shall present
The biggest factor in accomplishing this task is to gain
The bi t f r in an history of five cases in which I have tried to give religious the confidence of the patient. Without this we cannot do hito o c gi peigs
, .. . .. rehabiltation to hospital patients. a thing. Our position as chaplains instills some trust in ehaa to ial pa t i e, s h our ability to offer help. The popular phrase, "Tell the We had a terminal case in Mr. W, who had a malign chaplain," is not without foundation. Illustrations are un- cancer of the abdominal cavity. The patient liad become e V n A aware of it about three months prior to his admnisiOn.
*A paper presented on the occasion of the Veterans Administration At the- time he was apprehensive of its existence as his Branch No. 11, Field Chaplains Instructional Meeting, July 22 and 23, e hd e r s Ts d 1946, Seattle, Washington. father had died from the same malady. This had canus
8 'The Army and Navy Chapl




so to make quite a comprehensive study of the the little devotional booklet in view on his bed table as
ase. some of the religious zealots who infrequently visit our
en I first called upon him the day following his hospital might see it, and thinking he was all right, pass
trance to our hospital, he was already on our surgical him by. Otherwise they would try to make a saint out of
ard. He greeted me with a heartiness shadowed with him against his will, which I wouldn't.
subtle reserve. I handed him some literature which brought About three days later, Q came into the office and of ithe remark that I was too late and there was not anything all books in the world for an atheist to carry around, he that I could do for him. He displayed a hopelessness that had the Holy Bible. He wanted me to explain a certain called for supreme efforts. passage. Before he left, I learned the real cause for his Knowing his serious condition, I made it a policy to atheism. He and his wife had become estranged during ehim very other day. Sometimes it was a passing "Hi," his long absence overseas and this, coupled with the deal and at other times I would be seated and chat for several that she had given him under the power-of-attorney, made minutes. During the first three weeks there was nothing him bitter. She had sold his poultry ranch (worth several could do which would break through this wall of despair. thousand dollars) to her father for a mocking sum. Su diseases often change a person's personality in a Before he was discharged, I had him renouncing his marked manner so I didn't press my position as chaplain atheism and making an effort to get his wife and child to although I had offered to have prayer once or twice which come to the northwest to live in order to get away from :he tuned down. the influence of her father. What has happened since, I The night before the operation, I made a short visit and have not heard. Home relations have a powerful influence for the first time felt the bars were down between us. upon one's faith. The next afternoon I was there as he was regaining con- On another occasion I was giving out some New Testasciousness. He recognized me and made a feeble effort to ments furnished by the Portland Gideons. The first pahold out his hand. I took it and received a feeble clasp tient I approached inside the door of a certain ward said accompanied with a muffled "Hello Chaplain." He al- that he didn't care for a copy as he never read it. I relowed me to offer prayer and I went away thinking of the plied, "I am concerned that you do the best thing possible old adage that as long as there is life there is hope, but for your recovery. Your own ideas and ideals are a big it didn't last long. Again the drain of the disease began factor in the regaining of your health. This Good Book to show its evil ways and he was carried deeper into the has unlimited resources to give you." He replied that he elstrom of despair. I offered on several occasions with- knew of its good and he admired people who could hold in the next month to read to him or to have a prayer. I the views I presented. He went on to tell me that when as turned down in each case until the day before his he was a youth he was made to go to church three times th. Then he said that I could pray if I desired. on Sunday and once during the week (doesn't this sound am not too discouraged over this case as I blame the familiar?) and he figured that he had stored up enough disease more than I do all other factors. Just how deep during those days to last a lifetime. That was no place to his religious faith was before this attack, I do not know. get theological, so I left him and went to the other beds. Ordinarily we would say such hopelessness degrades the There were seven others in the room and all wanted a, Deity by suggesting He is insufficient for the needs. How- New Testament and all flattered me with the request for ever, we must remember that "despair defies despotism" my autograph. As I left the room I stopped at his bed even when we are physically sound. again and asked if he played cribbage, seeing a board on The second case has to do with Mr. Q. Mr. Q. had a table near by. Before I could get set for what was to been injured in the South Pacific which compelled him to happen he was getting out of bed and had challenged me ,, -*., -'to agame. I couldn'tturn him down and by the end of talk between closed jaws as every time he opened them to a game. I couldn't turn him down and by the end of y would make a cracking sound, much as we do by crack three games he had won two and was happy. Ing the knuckles of our hands. He was constantly doing Cribbage became my contact with Mr. S. The Bible and this, first to the amusement and later to the weariness of theology might be with many others, but not this friend. everyone. As I entered his ward several of those who had He gave me a standing invitation to come any time. He een there a few days welcomed me with "Hello, Chap- called me his pupil. Now and then I would broach the pie." This brought Q's attention upon me, followed with matter of the church, then he would close up like a clam.
Slok which said, "Here is something different to take For the next few sessions I would stay clear of the suboy interest." I chatted a moment and asked him what ject and let him thaw out. aith he professed. He replied that he was an atheist. Then came the day that he made a concession. He said Smothered laughter followed his remark. There was a sud- if I could win the next game in cribbage he would go den inflation of his self-importance. To his atheism, I to Chapel. By coincidence I gave him a pretty fair drubeed As a hospital chaplain, I am here to help make bing. Sunday came and no Mr. S. I was not surprised as tter Protestants out of the Protestants, better Roman he was a cardiac case and the nurses did not allow many tholics out of the Roman Catholics, better Jews out of of them to leave the ward-just in case the old pump failed eJews, but I would be switched if I am going to make to function properly and they needed immediate help. effortt to make a better atheist out of an atheist." The My mistake was in thinking that the Chapel attending ughter which my comment drew made me feel that the -concession was the surrender of his indifference. The lid core was even. As I left I told him he had better keep was literally blown off within the next twenty-four hours.
nuary-February, 1947 9




Some very good friends of Mr. S. drove some distance to "How?". Then began the long process of instructioni see him. They were very religious and church-minded, is going on today. Selfishness is a most difficult foe They wanted me to make certain that S. was all right with takes more than vision and willingness to do such thin his Lord. I consented, thinking that my John the Fore- William James tells us that the normal opener of runner had made the road clear for me. deeper levels of life is the will. No wonder so many At the first opportunity I broached the subject. Sickness such shallow lives, they have no will to live deeper. did not prevent him from expressing his convictions. He The fifth and last case which I will relate deals w was positive and final. I continued to call regularly, but Mr. A., a man who was raised by his ministerial fath during the next two weeks most of the time I found him on a home missionary field. When quite young theyre asleep and the larger number of those times, I was almost ceived a missionary barrel from the East which did i certain he was playing possum; but cribbage would not let have a single thing that this growing lad could wear, l him sleep nor play possum. After that I would always let there was one lone book that attracted his interest-a bo him set the conversational topic and pace. He thawed out on shorthand. For over fifty years now he has been a co a bit before his discharge, but I never was able to find the reporter. answer to the question his friends wanted to know. Our His particular physical trouble caused a wakefulnesi faith is important to us because we think and know it is night associated with considerable pain. He did not w important, but Mr. S. thought otherwise. to resort to hypos as he did not want to lean upon th I bungled this case and from it has come this guiding too much, so he asked me what he could do to make the, principle towards all indifferent people. Don't rush ahead hours less nightmarish and easier to confront and be of your lines of communication. Some cases such as termi- I suggested that he try to memorize each day some p, nal ones may justify some added pressure, but don't make found thought, not always Scripture, as good as they we the mistake of letting yourself get into the position where but anything that might appeal to his sense of worth you must rebuild your foundations. Indifference is the started him out with a prayer from the writings of Rei 'greatest evil that we chaplains have to confront and the hold Neibuhr and to this and others, he has added most incurable. It is the "dry ice" that kills spiritual life own choice quotations. whether inside or outside the hospital walls. He would tell you, if he were here, that these a
Mr. R. was a great lover of the out-of-doors. He never dulled the pain and made the long dark hours quite b missed the opening of the hunting and fishing seasons. able. In fact, he has caught himself rather enjoying th His tales of big fish that got away made him a star mem- as there were few if any interruptions. Such quietness ber of the Ananias Club. He had them hanging from trees know to be a great healing factor. It was in his case by their tails and running like jack rabbits on their yen- cause he went home sooner than we expected and is qu tral fins. But R. was a cancer case. He wanted to know well although he will never be in perfect health. why he had to suffer such agony with no hopes of recovery. These five cases dealing with indifference, hopeless Then, to top it all, he was developing an unbearable case domestic problems, selfishness and wakefulness are l of selfishness. We understand this reaction because pain a few of the different cases that you and I as chapl is so personal and it drives our thoughts inward. will be called upon to treat in the rehabilitation of My problem with R. was to straighten him out on this hospitalized veteran.
matter of suffering and at the same time try to break him As I have talked with others who have had hos of the other cancerous growth that was getting hold of experience and compared their comments with my ow him, selfishness. To gain his confidence was little effort experiences I have come to these conclusions: 1) We nii as he had considerable foundation material. I told him guard against the tendency to advise before we make pr that the greatest and Perfect One had to suffer untold er diagnosis. 2) We must avoid the Scylla of haste and pain and from that had come the life we know to be most Charybdis of unpreparedness. 3) We must have a b fruitful and satisfying. There are no exceptions although philosophy of life "not clothed in yards of all-but impe the degree and amount differ widely between individuals trable dialectical jargon" but one that is clear in our < and this in disregard to the rightness or the wrongness of thinking, intellectually challenging, easily explained their private lives. I went on to tell him there was some- quite readily understood by those that we meet. It must thing that he could do that would make his ward the envy grounded in history, Scripture, and experience. With th! of the hospital and that was to make himself the unselfish opportunities that are ours, there is no group of men w considerator of the welfare and conditions of the others. can give so much and profit so greatly. It was Theo< His room could be a Mecca for the others to gain inspir- Roosevelt who once said "Far and away the best p ation and comfort. This view took several trips to get that life offers is the chance to work hard at work w across. When he did see the idea, his first comment was, doing." We have it.
ARE YOU FISCAL?
Your Membership Card Will Tell You!
*0 The Army and Navy Cha




The Christian Problem In Palestine
By FRANCIS J. BLOODGOOD*
HE first world war is remembered as a struggle in ful witness. To this historic record can be added, beginEurope. That is the part in which Americans shed ning with the 19th Century, witness by the Anglican Comtheir blood. But there was, from the standpoint of mili- munion, and various Protestant Churches. Yet this story tary operations, a smaller affair which liberated the Holy of the Christian minority in the Holy Land is almost unLand from Turkish and Moslem rule. In spite of the to- known. The proclamation of the Christian Gospel among ce associated with the Crusades, which were a failure, the children of Israel, and the children of Islam, in the this last Crusade, which did succeed, seems to have made very land of the Child of Bethlehem, is ignored. In fact, little impression on our consciousness. for Christians, Jerusalem is the forgotten city.
Ip fact, most people here at home acted as though the St. Paul left Jerusalem to deliver his appeal to C-esar Holy Land were a dream. I first went to Jerusalem as a in Rome. And Christian attention moved from Jerusalem pilgrim in 1935. While there I had a birthday and my and has concentrated on Europe. For example, we all are mother wished to send me some money. When she went ready to help the World Council of Churches in Christian into her Wisconsin bank and asked to have this done, the reconstruction in Europe, and in Japan and China. But we cashier expressed amazement that there was on earth a city are Christian isolationists as far as the Holy Land is connamed Jerusalem. Such an experience is not confined to cerned. Wisconsin. The District Commissioner of the Jerusalem Yet in Palestine there are one hundred thousand ChrisDistrict, Mr. Pollock, told me his father, who lives in Ire- tian Arabs, and about ten thousand Armenians. The Arland, was called to account by the village postmaster for menians are all Christians. Armenia is the oldest Christian addressing a letter to Jerusalem. nation. Located in the land of Mount Ararat, where the,
It is true that we study maps of the Holy Land in Sun- ark is reputed to have found safe landing, the Armenians day School. But the teaching is not related to other events became Christians twenty years before Constantine legalin the world. Even when we study the Journeys of St. ized Christianity in the Roman Empire and thus gave it Paul, we treat them as though he went around in Utopia equal status with Judaism. Instead of the Mediterranean area. The first fifteen Bishops of Jerusalem were HebrewNow we hear of Palestine in the newspapers. We hear Christians. Our Blessed Lord had proclaimed His mission of the land as a place of strife. Do we remember that to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. He, also, prophePalestine and the Holy Land are one and the same place? sied the destruction of Jerusalem. This took place in 70
It is the land of the Child of Bethlehem. There He was A.D. Jewish nationalism clashed with the strength of the born of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Violence greeted His Roman Empire. But there was another clash which had Birth. His Mother and St. Joseph had to take him as a refu- even wider results. The Jews have never given up hoping gee to Egypt. He grew to manhood in Nazareth, in Galilee, for a Messiah, although they reject Jesus of Nazareth. In iNothernPalestine. He went about doing good. Violence 135 A.D., the Jews again revolted. This time they had as followed Him. The Pharisees were satisfied to put Him out their leader BAr Cochebas (the name means son of a star). of the-~ynagogue. But the Herodians charged Himr with He claimed to be the Messiah and he ordered the Hebrewsetting up a Kingdom in opposition to Cesar. He died Christians to deny Jesus of Nazareth and accept him. This on a Cross for all mankind. His death took place in Jeru- they refused to do. So the early connection of Christianity salem. We do recall that He wept over the city be- with Judaism was broken on the issue. After the failure cause it did not know the things which belong to its peace. of Bar Cochebas, the Jews themselves repudiated him, and He rose from the dead, there just outside the walls of said he was not the son of a star, but the son of a lie. Jerusalem. In an upper room, in a home in Jerusalem, He But Jerusalem had its name taken away by Emperor instituted the Holy Communion. From the Mount of Hadrian. It was called Aelia Capitolina. The Jews were olives, close to Jerusalem, took place His glorious Ascen- required to live in Galilee. The tiny Christian minority s ton. He gave orders that Christians should bear witness began selecting Greek bishops. to Him, both in Judea and Samaria, and unto the ut er- It is interesting to see Christian history in the services most parts of the earth. in the Church of the Resurrection in Jerusalem today. BeIn the eighth verse of the first chapter of the Acts of ginning directly after midnight, daily, no matter what the te Apostles is the plain command of our Lord. He orders toil and tribulation, the Liturgy of the Greek Orthodox US to be His witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and Church is said. For the Patriarch of Jerusalem is the Orthounto the uttermost parts of the earth. We do proclaim the dox Church, which is the ancient Church of the Holy Land. hristian Gospel to the uttermost parts of the earth. But Following the Greek Service, is the Liturgy of the Are heroic witness of Christian martyrs in Jerusalem, and menian Church. Then comes the Liturgy of the Latin all Judea is ignored. All honour to the Greek Orthodox, Church. The Roman Catholic Church is known as the
the Armenians, the Franciscans, for their long and faith- Latin Church in the Holy Land. Of course, we know the
*ch ; ,,New Testament was written in Greek.
plainn Bloodgood was American Chaplain to the Anglican Bishop New Testament was written in Greek.
Jerusalerm, 1945-1946. From 135 to 325 A.D., Jerusalem had Christian Services ..nuary-Februa.ry, 1947 1




in the homes of the people. Then the great Churches were the Hebrew University and the Haifa Hebrew Tech' built after the excavations of the Holy Places had been Institute. These schools are included in the institute ons ordered by Constantine. Hadrian had built a statue to under the GI Bill of Rights where study facility for Amer himself in the temple area of the Jews, he had built a statue ican ex-servicemen is given. In all, 100 students are ex to Jupiter over the site of the Resurrection, and a temple pected." to Venus over the hill of Calvary. The devotion of the Jews to Palestine is part of their
Jerusalem became the center for Christian pilgrimage. inheritance. But I am certain that Christians also kn, Even after the Mohammedans took Jerusalem, in the their inheritance in the Holy Land. There are competent seventh century, the pilgrims kept coming. The Moham- institutions for Christian study in the Holy Land. medans were friendly to the Christians and the Jews. Mo- largest schools are Roman Catholic. The Franciscans have hammed himself had sought to be all-inclusive in his pro- a fine college. The Armenian Seminary is first class. The nouncements. Anglicans have St. George's Collegiate Church, ful
Speaking of women, Mohammed had said, "Four staffed with experienced professors of theology. The Meth women I revere above all others; the sister of Moses, the odists have a famous language school, where missionary Mother of Jesus, my wife Kadiza, and my daughter, come to study from all over the Near and Middle East. Fatima." The Methodist Institute, which is conducted on inter
Later there were family quarrels among the Moham- denominational lines, is the Newman School, on the medans. As these family feuds increased in intensity, Street of the Prophets, in Jerusalem. There is a non-sc some of the emotionalism boiled over into hostility to the tarian school, the American School of.-Oriental Research, Christians and the Jews. The Christians were ordered to which is supported by many American Universities for wear crosses weighing ten pounds around their necks. The graduate work in the archaelogy of Palestine and Trans Jews were required to wear bells. jordan. The Orthodox Church has the famous Seminar
The Crusades did not help matters. The Latin Christians of the Holy Cross but, sadly it is closed for lack of funds, seemed to be uncertain as to whether they were liberating The number of Moslems who served in the American Jerusalem, or conquering the Greek Christians of Con- Army and Navy, and Air Force was, I suppose, small Sstantinople. Finally, they did smash Constantinople in But, the principle of religious liberty, surely imbedded in 1204 A.D., and called it the Fourth Crusade. the GI Bill of Rights, would give all who desire, and can
We have heard of the famous Christian Cathedral in qualify, the right of study in the Holy Land, if ayone Constantinople, which was made into a Mosque, after the religious group already has been recognized.* Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453. The Christians The Holy Land is not a place of academic calm, and is in Jerusalem kept themselves poor by paying the Turks to not to be confused with the Garden of Eden. But there refrain from making the Church of the Resurrection, and must be a number of ex-chaplains, and men who plan to the Church of Calvary, into Mosques. study for the Christian Ministry, who would welcome the
For centuries, while the Turks ruled the Holy Land, the opportunity for study in the land of the Child of BethleRussian Orthodox Church was the chief support to the hem. Christian minority in Palestine. This support came to an As an act of Christian Faith, a number of interdenriabrupt conclusion with the Russian Revolution of 1917. national Christian organizations are thinking of openin So we have the 'situation of the liberation of Palestine branch headquarters in Jerusalem. Social work is ve from Moslem control coinciding with the weakening of much needed in Palestine. For example, one of thefe Christian support to Palestine. Christian social workers in Jerusalem told me of findlg
Today, the intense issue in Palestine is political, racial, old and infirm people who live in caves sixty feet und and national. We must remember the dreadful suffering t p l.
,'.. ., . ... .- the present level of the Holy Cilty.
Sof the Jews at the hands of Hitler. We must remember hrsn l the Holy C i the centuries when the Arabs were subject to the Turks. Christians in the Holy Land use this prayer constant
American Christians have never been inclined to pil- Is it asking too much of Christians in the United States t grimages to the Holy Land. If we are to be more than request that they say this prayer every Friday in their p mere sentimentalists, we should go to the Holy Land to vate prayers, and once a month on Sunday in public wormake an act of thanksgiving for our redemption by Jesus ship ? Christ. We should recognize Palestine as the Christian out- "I Almighty Father, Who by the life of Thine Incarnat post. In Palestine, the Christians are the minority. To the Son hast hallowed and sanctified the land of Palesti Jew, Christ'is inadequate. To the Moslem, Christ is in- forever; forgive us, we beseech Thee, the strifes whereferior. There is no place in the world that has a greater with men have defiled it; cast out the spirit of hatre. religious claim on us as Christians to do our best for the wheresoever it has power over the minds of men; deliver Gospel of the Saviour of all mankind, and there is no. us from the pride that fears not God and the selfishnes place in the world where the obstacles to Christian work that regards not man; and teach us to seek first h are as serious as in the Holy Land .. .. Th i are as serious as in the Holy Land. Kingdom and Thy righteousness, and to find them min h.
On Easter Morning, 1946, there appeared in the Pales- Sn Crs or ,, on, Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen."
tine Post, the only 'Palestine newspaper published min English, this notice: "Twenty-one American students,, dis- *We have heard by word-of-mouth that this principle is aPplic ble
ared soldiers arrived last week for courses of study at requiring only that each institution be recognized by the War DeP 12arged sordier, a d lt whment.-EDITOR.
12 The Army and Navy Cha19




The Chaplain's Study and
Devotional Life
By CHAPLAIN JOHN E. FRAZEE
Veterans Administration Hospital, Boise, Idaho
GEORGE ADAM SMITH, eminent Scottish theologian The Chaplain who neglects his own soul's needs will Uand divine, concluded one of his volumes by relating have nothing but a heap of burned-out ashes to offer for e eperience of a certain group of Alpine mountain the inspiration of those he wishes to help. More tragic te experle c I adp. M or tragic
climbers. For days, they had struggled upwards toward still will be the loss sustained by him in missing completethe coveted prize. They had endured privation and hard- ly the "joy unspeakable and full of glory" which comes ship, scaled dizzy heights, crossed storm-swept ridges, and with the realization of God's presence. spanned perilous depths. Now, at last, the day of their I am indeed grateful that this particular subject-"The reward had arrived. It was early morning. The air was Chaplain's Study and Devotional Life," was assigned to clear. The breezes sharp. The men were within a few hun- me. This is not because I feel competent to deal with it dred yards of. their goal. They crawled cautiously in the adequately, but because it compels me to face honestly glow of the morning starlight. At length, the lofty peak my own shortcomings and examine my own cnscience, to was silhouetted against the fore-gleams of the newborn discover whether 6r not I have failed to live up to the day. The very atmosphere was electric with anticipation. light that has been given me. I am grateful also for this The object of their long arid perilous quest was almost unusual privilege of sharing with you, my fellow colwithin their grasp. Its transcendent glory was about to be leagues in the Chaplaincy, some of the thoughts and pracrevealed-sunrise in the Alps! tices I have found to be helpful which have grown out of Suddenly, spurred by impulse and impatient to throw my study of this subject. off the restraints of caution, one of the party sprang to his Who is there of us who does not encounter daily the feet to make a wild, dash for the peak. He was followed by experience of our Lord when the hem of his garment was one and another in rapid succession. Whereupon, the touched by the finger of faith? When He was thus apguide, aware of the unobstructedvelocity and overwhelm- proached by that poor, needy, helpless woman, He realing power of the winds, gave the rope by which they were ized that the help which He had imparted to somebody all bound together, a quick decisive tug, yanking them was at a personal cost to himself. "Somebody hath touched backwards, lest they be hurled into eternity. He shouted me," said Jesus, "for I perceive that virtue has gone out imperiously, "On your knees, on your knees!" of me."
As we Ch .. ..i unetk"smti worthwhile in
As we Chaplains undertake something worthwhile What Chaplain is there among us who has not felt the fulfillment of our calling, we must approach our work physically and spiritually exhaustd again and again when, iur knees. If we are to comprehend the
n hich is ours, it will mprehend the glory of the ~during a busy day, the demands of his patients have been calling which is ours, it will be because we have been so numerous, so urgent, so exactihg and so insistent? It On our knees. The daily anticipation of some new and is at such times that we are brought to realize how inwonderful revelation of God's presence will be realized s a such times that we are brought to realizehow n
as He finds us on our knees sufficient, how inadequate we are. Virtue has indeed gone
on'l as He fndu n u knees. out of us and we are helpless to replace it of ourselves.
It was not for naught that Moses, when he came before Thus it is, in the first place, that the Chaplain must have te presence of God, was first admonished to take his access to some source of re-vitalizing power outside of oes from off his feet. Otherwise, the occasion of such himself, for the edification of his own soul. a onerfl elt i o woudav resulted in a mere o heeii~t~o i ownSo.
wonderful revelation would have resulted in a mere Furthermore, if the Chaplain is to be "thoroughly fur:nt. The burning bush which was not consumed
ideu .h b n dn nished unto all good works, as he is expected to be at
l ave degenerated into a heap of gray, lifeless ... to
m aea' i all times and in all places, it is essential that he shall choose eaningless ashes, instead of the vital inspiration which t, Mhe it was. the better part, as did Mary of Bethany. While her sister Hifad the disciples heeded the Martha was to be commended for her industry in doing that they should watch and pray, the calamities which orc things for the Lord, Mary was engaged in the blessed cue tt dk ngth a va, te navoied. had S rivilege of receiving what He so freely offered, namely, au failed drkght ght havebeen avded Had St. Himself. Most of us are quite willing to work ourselves
. ,-to i~sciphne himself, it is highly probable. ...
at he himself mdisciplineght have i highly probable to the point of exhaustion, if necessary, in the business of
might have indeed become a castaway.
doing things. Few of us are wise enough to choose conp*A Paper presented on the occasion of the Veterans Administration, sistently the better part-the art of becoming like Him by
4 No. 1, Field Chaplains Instructional Meeting, July 22 and 23, dWell COstantly in His presence. SSeattle, Washington.
Iry-February, 1.947. 13.




If the countenance of the Chaplain is to radiate the whom I was very fond, was a Roman Catholic. Wherif glory of the Lord, as did the face of Moses when he re- and wherever we met each other, it was the most natural turned to his people from the Lord's presence on Mount thing for us to exchange greetings in a hearty, spontaneou Sinai, he must first of all practice the art of dwelling in manner. God's presence. Among our patients, there are those who, Early one Sunday morning, I met him passing along one' like the Greeks, look for the Lord among his people where of the principal corridors of the hospital. I hailedhi they have every reason to expect He should be found. with the customary "good morning" and inquired as The same demand is made of us Chaplains, "Sirs, we what in the world ailed his arm. He paused lone enough would see Jesus." Unless we first of all possess Him our- to inform me in a quiet, restrained voice that he wa selves, we can hardly expect to bein a position to intro- bringing the Blessed Sacrament to the wards. As for h duce Him to others who know Him not. right arm which appeared to be in a sling, it became cl
On this point, there should be left no room for doubt that such was not the case. His hand was hidden in i concerning the Chaplain. The evidences ought to be as un- blouse, holding close to his heart the ciborium which co mistakable as those presented by the Apostles themselves, tained the consecrated hosts. My friend believed that When the people observed the spirit which animated those was actually bringing Christ to needy sickbeds. I was some early witnesses, "they took knowledge that they had been how convinced that he was not mistaken. with Jesus." Think of Simon Peter, for example, the very I believe also, however, that the heart of the Chapla shadow of whose person was a positive influence for good! itself may become the sacred ciborium, or cup, where Needy people received a definite blessing, by merely com- Christ actually resides and by means of which He mai ing within the shadow of the presence of one who him- be brought in a very real way to those who need H self was overshadowed by the presence of his Lord. But if the Chaplain himself does not first of all poss
Dr. Richard Cabot, beloved Boston physician and pro- Christ, he can hardly hope to share Him with somebo fessor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, on one else. "Abide in me, and I in you . for without me occasion was asked by a pupil of his if he believed in the can do nothing." Thus, I have endeavored to set forth miracles of healing as recorded by the New Testament. understanding of what the Chaplain's daily need is-th Following a pause of several moments, the renowned realization of the presence of the indwelling Savior. T teacher thoughtfully and reverently replied, "I never en- wonderful experience is made available to the Chapla ter a sick room without the feeling coming over me that through the discipline of his prayer life. did I possess a thousand times the personality I now have, Back in 1931 there was published a treatise on the s I too could perform miracles." ject of prayer. Up until January of 1945, this little b
To the bedside of the sick, the doctor brings his knowl- had passed through thirty-nine editions. The author, edge of, medicine. The surgeon brings his skill, the nurse Hallesby, Doctor of Philosophy, is, or was at one ti and the attendant bring their comforting arts, the librarian, professor in the Independent Theological Seminary, 0s the Red Cross, and the hundred other welfare agencies Norway. In my opinion it is by far the most satisfy each bring their own respective services. What, then, is dissertation on the subject that I have ever read. The I. left for the Chaplain to bring? guage is strikingly beautiful. The argument is convinc
The answer to this question must, of course, be given throughout, a masterpiece of logic. I most heartily co by each Chaplain for himself. It is essentially a matter of mend it without reservation. personal conviction. For my own part, I am unable to Professor Hallesby bases his thesis upon the twenty escape the finality of those simple, straightforward words verse of the third chapter of the book of Revelation: "BI of our Savior: "He that abideth in me, and I in him, the hold, I stand at the door and knock: if any man hear same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me, ye can voice and open the door, I will come in to him, andW do nothing." As I understand it, the answer to our ques- sup with him, and he with me. tion resolves itself into this inevitable conclusion. The Briefly stated, the author's argument is this. Prayer Chaplain is pre-eminently the one who brings Christ to response. It is an acknowledgment of the presence the sick bed. He is the living ciborium, or sacred vessel, someone outside ourselves who has come to offer his h in which our Lord is brought for the purpose of blessing He has taken the initial step toward us. The 'next His people. Apart from Christ, the Chaplain is little else must be a voluntary decision on our part. In the words than an empty vessel-a withered branch that has become the author, "To pray is to let Jesus come into our hea separated from the lifegiving vine. He has no unique con- It is not our prayer which moves the Lord Jesus, ,t~ribution to bring to the relief of needy men. is Jesus who moves us to pray. He knocks, thereby STo my brethren of the Jewish faith, who might feel makes known His ,desire to come into us. Our praYe compelled to take exception to this, I would reply by say- are always a result of Jesus knocking at our hearts' d ing that so far as I personally am concerned, if the name to pray is nothing more involved than to let "Jehovah" were to be substituted for the name "Jesus" in into our needs. To pray is to give Jesus permission to e this connection, still the truth of the conclusion would. ploy His powers in the alleviation of our distress. remain the same. To pray is nothing more involved than to open the doo The idea was brought home to me most strikingly, early giving Jesus 'access to our needs and permitting
in my career in the Navy. I was assigned to duty at the exercise His own power in dealing with them. . Pray National Naval Medical Center. My senior colleague, of is something deeper than words. It is present in the 14 The Army and Navy Cha




e it has been formulated in words, and it abides in with each other the same blessings derived from a comthe soul after the last words of prayer have passed over mon source. To me, this is a most uplifting and inspiring our lips." realization.
IWhat is the technique by which prayer is thus exer- Concerning the time that is best suited for personal cised and the door opened? Here again, every Chaplain devotional exercises, there is no question but that the early must decide for himself. Each one will use his own method morning hours are the best because they usually find us at
-the one which, after experience and experimentation, our best. The best of our time and the best of ourselves has proven to be the most effective; should be devoted to such an important obligation. BeSpeaking for myself, I have experimented at consider- fore our associates break in upon our time, before cares able length over a period of not a few years. Even yet, and duties distract our attention, and before fatigue takes however, I am not at all sure that I have found the tech- its toll upon our state of alertness, we should and must nique of response to the knock on the door, beside which get off for a good start, by seeking God first. The knock there is none other. Of this I am reasonably certain, that on the door must receive some sort of an immediate rethe devotional technique which I now follow proves to sponse. be most effective in meeting my own spiritual needs. But it must not be imagined that one's prayer life or As I grow older, I long more and more for a certain, devotional study habits should be restricted to a comparadefiite unity of spirit among spiritually minded people, tively few moments in the early part of the day. Like Yearn for a more inclusive fellowship for believing Brother Lawrence, we too should learn to "practice the Christians. This feeling was accentuated during my- Navy presence of God," throughout the entire day. Many, many experiences. Separated, as most of us were, from the inti- knocks will be heard at the door, calling us to secret prayer. mate fellowship of those who thought, felt, and acted as These will be heard frequently as we perform the routine, we did in spiritual matters, for the first time I was asso- incidental duties of the day. The myriad tasks must never ating with those who thought, felt, and acted quite dif- be allowed to become perfunctory. Each one should be ferently. Yet, despite those diversities, I was aware of a performed as a "sacrament," to the glory of God.
wodefl, new. fellowship which -was being substituted .........
wonderful, new fellowship which was being substituted Concerning this all-important consideration, there is a for the old. Among my new associates, I was delighted very suggestive chapter in, "The Art of A inistering to the to discover choice characters with whom I had never had Sick," by Dr Cabot and Chaplain Dick, which book, by any previous occasion for contact. This new experience of the way, is on our Selected Bibliography sent out by Cendiscovery, in my opinion, was the greatest single blessing tral Office. The chapter by Chaplain Dick to which I refer, bo out of the travail of that frightful war. Isn't it too has to do with the so-called "'sacraments" of the sickbad that such a demonstration of hatred and blood and room. Everything that is done for the comfort and welltears was necessary before real tolerance, sympathetic ap- being of the patient, and everything that he is encouraged
:>;.... ... ,being of the patient, and everhng that he is encouraged preciation, abundant good will, and unselfish love could to do for himself, should be recognized as constituting become possible among good people of differing faiths? Significant signs, or symbols. The Chaplain should help Since such was the case, I began to realize that this new the patient to feel and understand those realities which fellowship was born at a terrific cost. More and more I are symbolized by the hundred and one acts performed have cherished the hope that it might survive the postwar in the sickroom. Thus, in one way or another, the Chapazards of apathy, disinterestedness, suspicion, selfish- lain's devotional life is, or should be, one continuous ness, and bigotry. process.
Among other things, my spiritual integrity demands Finally, if the Chaplain is to become a master workman Some sort of a basis for the continuance of that fellow- in the fulfillment of his high commission, he must actualship. Now that we have become more or less segregated ly "study to show himself approved 'unto God, a workonce again by the old established barriers of isolation, I man that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the long more than ever for a share in the blessings of a larger word of truth." The Chaplain must, by the nature of his
fllwship. 'calling, be "all things to all people." He must study the It was out of this longing that some months ago I was people of his care. He must be able to put himself in led to undertake a new form of discipline, a new technique, their place. He must be able to see life from their pera new manner of response in my daily devotions. First of spective. He must, in so far as it is possible, live their lives all, there is the Epistle" for the day-First Peter 5: 1-11, with them. He must learn to deal with them at the point
spring passage, filled with practical counsel for all where life makes its greatest impact on their thoughts. pastors, including Chaplains! Then follows the "Gospel" Here, let me strongly recommend another excellent for the day-Luke 22: 24-30, those sublime utterances of i r go. Dr. Cabot Sconcerning true greatn In a te ae chapter in the book referred to a moment ago. Dr. Cabo our Lord concerning true greatness! In addition, there e speaks of that point of impact as "life's growing edge." shorter selections from the Book of Daniel, the Gospel It is at this point that we come closest to those whom we
ofMthwanPsals 88and 109. .are trying to help, for that is where they actually are. Thus, within a year s time, many, if not most of the ex- Their thoughts, their dreams, their interests, their concellent passages of both the Old Testament and the New cerns, their aspirations, their whole selves are centered are introduced. From day to day, the reader anticipates upon their respective growing edges. some new delight. Each day he unites'with that unseen It seems to me that this is what the Apostle Paul must fellowship of those who everywhere share in common (Continued on page 23)
anuary-February, 1947 15




Editorials
"And, Seeing the Multitude- They graced our makeshift shelves in the palm-froz
Were one able diligently to search the records of all "cadjan" hut for months. Each night we would look l0 chaplains what astronomic figures of church attendance ingly at their calm dignity, dreaming of the day ~when one could compile! How many service personnel have come they would find place in our study back home. And nc under the direct or indirect influence of the Chaplain they stand, these handsome ebony elephant book end, we will never fully know. But this we do know. More than pressing between their broad backs the few select volume twelve thousand "Soldiers and Sailors of God" have "seen we keep upon the console. the multitude." ,We glance at these books as we write. Tolstoi, Fosdic
They have looked with compassion on men and women Buttrick, Gerdtell-The Hazen Lectures, Morgan's Voic in the' hour of need. They have ascended the mountain of of the Twelve Hebrew Prophets, The Children's Bibl each demand made upon their time, energy and patience. God's Wonder World by Bryant, Alice in Wonderlan Even if these chaplains have not been able to open their and. a volume of Shakespeare. These pamphlets ?-guid mouths and teach with the wisdom of Jesus, they have books, The Smithsonian, Arlington, The Lincoln A done what they could to bring strength of character and morial, The National Gallery, The Handbook of Aoun moral fiber to the crowds that have thronged them. Vernon.
We chaplains can never forget those thronging crowds. Yes, this it what we dreamed of ten thousand mile We have seen them at the gangplank, in the foxholes and away and only last year. Last year? What aeons have corn on each shell-torn, blood-marked beach. We have seen between! For now these stately book ends have journey them as they rushed to General Quarters and have prayed from their native land and stand serene, guarding tl over their mangled bodies. We have mingled the "Come, treasured domesticana of our simple home. ye blessed of our, Father" with the agony of each battle- We reach for B. A. Abbott's At the AMaster's Table, field-and we can never be the same. Turning to the meditation for the New Year, we read What now? The sharp, rank odor of a regiment on march Samuel V. Cole's lines: is only a memory. The cramped, homesick forms of men, O Thou who sealest up the past, huddled deep in a trooper no longer call to us for com- The days slip from us, and the years fort and for strength. The "sweating-out" of a mission Grow silent with their hopes and fears: has achieved nostalgic memory. Translated by time these 'Tis Thine to keep all things at last. experiences have resolved themselves into the long, hard We have not done the things we would pull- of a civilian pastorate, or the tedium of a military A blotted page we render back; post. 'And yet, whate'er our work may lack,
Yet the multitudes are here! Now we have their prob- Thy work goes on, and Thou are good. lems of domestic and economic adjustment-now we see Thou movest in the moving years; children growing up in a social order that has been Whereyer man is, there Thou art touched, oh, so lightly, by the hand of the Galilean. Now To overrule his feebler part, our tasks are less glamorous but so vital and essential to And bring a blessing out of tears. human happiness. Thou opener of the years to be,
We continue the ministry so selflessly rendered during Let me not lose, in woe or weal,
the war years. It is the ministry for which we are trained The touch of Thy strong hand I feel Upholding and directing me.
and which we can perform only as we keep close liaison with The Chief. Let us, with Him, ascend the mountain, You ebony book ends, stand peacefully here! No matte look out upon the throng, and open our lips to teach them where the call, nor what the duty be, you are at hoe. saying "Blessed! Blessed! Blessed are ye- You are a part of our domestic serenity. You give us know Sedge that our dreams have come to be.
Those Ebony Elephant Book Ends
We bought them in Galle, Ceylon, for sixty-five rupees. Windows
Joe, our wizened, fifty-year-old rickshaw "boy," stood by Every life must have windows open toward the eas smiling. Joe could never understand why the crazy Ameri- Where there is no vision, the groping people perish stil can padre would hire him for the day and make him leave Is it enough, however, that we turn our eyes toward th his rickshaw behind as we trudged the native city together. sunrise? Is the pilot who knows where he is going mo Only when we assured him that we needed the exercise necessary than the captain who knows where he has been did he become professionally reconciled. From the factory Youth looks forward; but it was an understatement whe we bore them triumphantly back to the New Oriental Browning cried out, "Youth sees but half." The pilot se Hotel and later from there to our quarters in Kandy. a lighthouse and a mile or two of channel. The capta The first polishing they received was an application of has the log of thousand leagues of sailing. Where the shoewax-Johnson's was so unobtainable. is no backward vision, he people grope and blunder 16 The Army and Navy Choplai




rish. Janussees the coming year. He also sees the mil- of New Hampshire across the. perspective of the years.
-ium that has been. He served his country and his God with equal zeal. This History has been defined as a record of significant events, cost him in succession his church, his home, his family, at makes an event significant? Many things, no doubt, and his life, but the verdict of the centuries shows that
t theeast of these is the light it may cast upon the his military service was a magnificent success.
foces which determine human conduct. The element of In this war there were chaplains who undertook their he and some fortuitous incidentals may be in doubt, but ork with splendid preparation and equipment. They
wor wit splndi prprto an eqimn .e
there is little question of the ultimate product when the brought to their task the accumulated wisdom andex hmn spirit is acted upon over long periods by the forces perience of the past. They met problems again and again, Iof justice and good will. Gunpowder and fire are no more knowing that others had gone that way before and how certain in their reaction than human personality long sub- they went. They followed the way that leads to success, Ejected to the active manifestations of cruelty and greed. marking its bounds more plainly for those who will come The dictators forgot essential parts of the records of after them. Beside them were others who repeated the ,erxes and Cambyses, Casar and Napoleon, when they blunders of the centuries with the futility of the blind sought to establish a tyranny that would last a thousand who seek to lead the blind. They, too, should mark the years. Those who seek to outwit the clock and circumvent pitfalls so that their brethren may not come into that place the multiplication table, begin by ignoring history. It is of torment. the laboratory notebook of the crucible of life. The history of the chaplaincy is being written. It will Chaplains have made history. They should study it. seek to look both east and west. In the nature of things There was a chaplain in the Civil War who made a shred the sunset colors will be dominant Those who left a record of history. His religious training and experience were ful- of black or yellow may owe as much to their colleagues as filled in amass of platitudes. Called to minister to a pris- those who wrote in crimson and gold. Help us, brethren, oer awaiting execution in his hour of need, he was some- to open windows toward the light and toward the shadthingless than a tinkling cymbal. A robust chaplain of the ows that we may help our younger brothers to see the way Revolution left a record which towers like the granite cliffs and walk therein. R.J.H.
The Candles Are Lit Again!
ENTERING around the ruins of what was considered day morning, and at a later hour about 25 Japanese Episcothe most beautiful church in Japan, the Anglican palians hold their own services. Some 60 Japanese children .Christ Church, Episcopal, located on the famous Bluff sec- attend Sunday School. tion of Yokohama, is one of the best 'GI" stories to come Mr. Douglas W. Overton, American vice-consul who to light since the occupation began. for five years prior to the war taught American History Exploring the rubble and gutted buildings on the Bluff and English in St. Paul's University, Toyko, is now one ne day last year shortly after the Occupation Army en- of the church's responsible and guiding members. He ered Yokohama, four or five soldiers came on what was points with interest to the fact that the church is entirely eft standing of a church of fine Norman architecture. self-sustaining-the pastor's salary (200 yen per month) Recognizing it as an Episcopalim edifice, the church of is paid from receipts from a gift shop in the front part their own faith, the men set themselves to the task of of the little Japanese home which houses the chapel. At clearing away the debris (incendiaries had struck the roof the suggestion of a Japanese member, each contributes an and little was left but the walls) and setting up an altar article, preferably something he has made, and from the within the skeleton framework. sale of these items of Japanese craft two churches, one in Soon, however, came winter rains and cold weather so the Yokohama-Kamakura area, are now being supported. he little "'congregation" rounded up a Japanese Episco- The Yokohama Brotherhood, headed by a Japanese conpali bishop and together they arranged for a chapel in tractor as its president, is a recent organization which grew a small Japanese house next door. out of the Japanese congregation. It has as its mission the The altar was moved over. An old strip of blue material raising of church funds through nonprofit enterprise. It was found and a Japanese woman sewed it together for also has as an objective the establishing of an English a altar hanging; four rusty door hinges were made into school for Japanese. wall sconces, and a Japanese carpenter hand-turned wood- One of the plans proposed by the Brotherhood for raisn candlesticks for altar candles. Until other vessels could ing funds is the showing of religious films in rural areas. b, procured, beer cans were consecrated to the service of But this called for a movie projector. Mr. Overton said he acramental wine. felt this manifestation of initiative on the part of the News of the small chapel spread and services, held now Japanese who, since the occupation are inclined to "sit by an English-speaking Japanese clergyman, began to at- around and wait for the Americans to do it," did indeed ract new attendants, both American and Christian Japa- deserve a helping hand, so he wrote to a friend in the ese. At present some 15 or 20 American and British offi- States outlining the problem. The friend told an interested ts soldiers and dependents gather for services on Sun- group the story. As a result, a $400 projector is on its way
*From Pacific Stars and Stripes, Sunday Comic and Feature Section. to the Yokohama Brotherhood. nuary-February, 1947 '17




Predominant Considerations In Counseli
Military Personnel
By CHAPLAIN T. R. LEEN*
I T is highly desirable that the counselor become thor- will enable the Chaplain to become thoroughly famil oughly familiar with the nomenclature used by medi- with the area which the psychiatrist and medical staff cal personnel in the classification and assignment of con- serve unto themselves. valescent patients for several reasons, some of which may Three books which had been prepared and distriba be stated as follows: To intelligently converse with mem- by the Air Surgeon should be carefully studied by all Cl bers of the medical staff, especially psychiatrists; to prop- lains serving in convalescent hospitals. The first booki erly approach classified patients in the hospital area; to be entitled, War Neuroses in North Africa; the second bo aware of the majority of symptomatic expressions of devi- is entitled, Psychiatric Experiences of the Eighth Air For ations from normal personality expression; for collabor- the third publication to which I refer is, A Study of ation and reference purposes; to be aware of the relative ners Returned From Combat. The Chaplain cannot di implications of therapeutic procedure in order to avoid effective piece of work in a convalescent hospital unk interference with the procedures established by the medi- he has carefully assimilated the important contribti(i cal staff in charge; and to be able to facilitate the reali- which have been made by medical personnel in these thr zation of the desired goals of treatment. In order to be- books. Undoubtedly, there will be other books of a simi come thoroughly familiar with the general scope of neuro- nature produced in the not too distant future. psychiatry, it is suggested that the Chaplain procure a copy There are three books which are extremely helpful t, of Training Manual 8-325 which will afford him much the Chaplain who desires to have a better understand helpful information, and which will help him to become of human personality and the processes by which acquainted with the nomenclature used by medical psy- sonality adjustment is effected. These books are listed chologists. Particular attention is directed to Sections III, the general bibliography that follows: Schaffer, The P IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVIII, chology of Adjustment; Thorpe, Psychological Foun and XIX. For use in conjunction with Training Manual tions of Personality; Allport, Personality: Psychologi 8-325, the Chaplain's attention is invited to Technical Interpretation. Manual 8-320 entitled, Notes -on Psychology and Per- Supplementary to these two books, attention is invit sonality Studies in Aviation Medicine. It is suggested that to a book which I regard as a "must": White, Psycho the Chaplain become familiar with Sections I, III, IV, V, In Living. This last book is a book which the Chali VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII and XV of chapter number will want to use rather constantly, and which ma' one, and Sections I, II and III of chapter number two. loaned to certain personnel who have a desire to re-oe The material treated in these two books is to be found in themselves regarding living in general from a soundP larger textbooks, of course. However, it is believed that chological point of view. The psychological principles the Chaplain will find in essence the basic information volved are believed to be academically acceptable; h which is necessary and desirable to gain sufficient insight ever, the book is written in popular style and techni
- to do an effective job of collaboration with medical per- terms are eliminated. sonnel, and to fulfill his obligations as a counselor from It is not possible in a brief treatment such as this is this standpoint. Much of the literature suggested in the do more than suggest approaches and techniques whi bibliography contained in this manual will afford the should be helpful and productive of acceptable resu 2-Chaplain supplementary information regarding the vari- For an elaborate treatment of the principles and techniq. Sous classifications of deviations from normal personality of counseling, the Chaplain's attention is invited Behavior, and will be exceedingly helpful in enabling him Rogers: Counseling and Psychotherapy. It will be to make an intelligent approach toward the job at hand purpose, however, to suggest in brief consideration Wh with confidence and assurance that he is more prepared are integral in an effective counseling perspective J for his task than the average Chaplain who has not It is well for us to give brief consideration to some been introduced to these materials. It is further suggested the main emphases of -personal counseling which ha that Chaplains who are interested in maintaining insight value in practically all counseling situations. regarding contemporary developments consult the hospital Counseling can be done where strict privacy pfre medical staff librarian with reference to articles appearing Most men who have serious problems will not discuss thi in periodicals from month to month. A vast amount of problems in the presence of others, nor in an area wh helpful information; necessary to maintaining the proper there is the constant awareness of the nearness- of Ot type of insight, is contained in articles published in the personnel who might overhear some portion of the eg professional journals to which the hospital medical li- versation between himself and the counselor. Where:t .,.,- : ... .versation between himself -andthme counselor. Wia brarian has subscribed. A proper survey of this literature it is possible, an area should be set aside in which absol
*Deputy Staff Chaplain, Fourth Air Force. privacy prevails. It is needless to say that the coun
- ,-8 -~. .T The Army and Navy C




l give the counselee ample reason to believe that all The Chaplain should refrain from "typing" people, and tters discussed during their conversations together will should maintain an attitude of suspended judgment reintained sacredly in confidence. garding any categorical placement of the individuals inUnless the counselor obtains permission from the coun- volved until he is thoroughly familiar with all of the facts lee to discuss these matters with other professionally that can be obtained. Chaplains should refuse to make a lated personnel from whom assistance can be obtained decision for the counselee and should encourage the counr from whom help in dealing with the problems involved selee to make his own decision. Personality growth is prean be obtained, under no circumstances should he reveal vented when the counselor makes a decision for the coun he material of private conversation to anyone. It is im- selee. Refusal to force the counselee provides for perpssible to establish "rapport," which more than anything sonality growth, increased confidence in himself, personal lse involves an attitude of whole trust on the part of dependability and affords self-directed integration. the'counselee, unless the counselee is assured that the The Chaplain must avoid anything which would imply counselor can be trusted completely to maintain the strict- a lack of interest, that which would destroy confidence or est of confidence as we have indicated. When complete that which would imply indifference; he must encourage trust on the part of the counselee is assured, "permissive- confidence, manifest warmth and responsiveness, genuine ness" obtains. The counselee in other words, feels un- interest and, as we have said before, "permissiveness." hiampered a-nd unrestricted in what he discusses with the The Chaplain should be constantly alerted to any effort; counselor. He has been assured that he can discuss even which might be made on the part of the counselee to draw te most personal and sometimes the most socially un- him in as an "ally." acceptable aspects of his "inner world," and his secret The Chaplain should become aware of all contributing relationships with others which sometimes he recognizes factors about which he can get information from outside as unacceptable to the society of which he is a part. Effec- sources that are available. tive counseling is contingent on the establishment of "rap- The Chaplain should prepare himself to manifest in-'
Thevove Chaplete shoust prear himselfssmanness
port" which involves complete trust and "permissiveness" exhaustible patience and not allow himself to become diswithout which, many times, vital relatively important turbed at any negative responses or any hostile reactions material would be completely overlooked. In conjunction on the part of the counselee. Returning to the matter of with these important phases, it is also important to recog- establishing "rapport" and insuring permissiveness," it nize that the counselor must not indicate by facial expres- might be well for us to point out the desirability of using sion or otherwise that he has exercised moral judgment in various instruments to put the counselee "at ease," to inreference to the material which the counselee has revealed, sure that he becomes relaxed and to facilitate the lowering To do so during the "information-getting" period would of defense mechanisms. A warm, free and cordial attitude cause the individual to withhold considerable information on the part of the Chaplain does much to help the counwhich might prove relatively valuable; it would cause him selee to feel at ease in the presence of the Chaplain; howto adopt a defensive attitude more readily, and would en- ever, that which temporarily diverts his attention from courage mental reservation and equivocation far more than the crux of the situation enables him to release some of is desirable. the tension which he has developed through concentrating There are a number of cautions which should be men- on the problem which he has in mind and in anticipating tioned perhaps at this point of our discussion which are approaching someone else about it. This is not always the closely related to those phases which have just been dis- case, of course. Then again, one has to evaluate the apcussed, and may be listed as follows: Chaplains should proach of the counselee before using any instrument to exercise extreme care to insure proper respect for the divert his attention which might cause him to feel that sacredness of the personality of the counselee in relation an extremely serious problem was relatively unimportant to the cultural and spiritual heritage which has made him to the counselor. In other words, if the man comes into what he is, e.g., Cultural behavior patterns peculiar to cer- your office with tears rolling down his cheeks, it wouldn't tain cultural groups; personal and family religious affilia- be wise to ask him if he has seen the new picture which
oi spiritual idealism, etc. The Chaplain should take in- a friend of yours has sent you of certain combat areas in ventory of his own biases and prejudices, evaluating their the South Pacific. Social imagination and good common Significance, and as much as is humanly possible, eliminate sense are relatively important in this situation. If, how' : .. .. ... it ine ut this fat thf hw
then from having an active part in his evaluation, analysis, ever, the man's tension seems to be due to the fact that he and definition of the counselee's problem situation, as has made an approach to you as a professional man and
well as the direction which the counselee should take to an officer as well, it is highly valuable to use anything that effect adjustment. Objectiveness of approach is funda- you believe he might be interested in to divert his attention mentally necessary in all effective counseling. for a few moments before approaching the matter about
The Chaplain should exercise necessary control to pre- which he has come to see you.
vent his arrival at premature conclusions and superficial At this point it is of great importance that the Chaplain judgments regarding the implications of the relative fac- ascertain if he possibly can, whether the counselee has tors involved in the counselee's problem situation, which put forth the real or basic problem which is disturbing Of course does not exclude the inter-personal relations him, or has introduced a matter of lesser significance as an of the counselee, nor does it exclude the personality of "ice-breaker" or to feel the Chaplain out regarding wheththe counselee himself. er or not he can be trusted with reference to something U Vua-February, 1947 19




more serious and which is costing him more basic difficulty. completely the remark, implications in any contrbuti The exercise of keen judgment on the part of the Chap- situation, or with reference to any contributing cause. Th lain is very important at this point. Sometimes casual in- principle involved in the repetition of sentences or phrases quiries regarding his feelings toward others and the mili- as they have been stated by the counselee is based on the tary situation in general will serve as leads into the areas psychology of the association of ideas which have unique in which the man is having greatest difficulty. Of course meaning and significance to him. It will be more possible many times what seems to be the major problem to the to get the exact meaning or connotation which he at counselee is but a partial expression of the deeper and tributes to the basic ideas involved if he is permitted to more difficult personality disturbance. It is important that clarify his own terminology, and if the association which counselors generally are not easily satisfied with dealing is uniquely characteristic of his usage is involved. Authowith the surface matters when there is any real indication ties in the field of vocabulary and diction maintain that that the more important problem lies deeper. no two persons ever learn a word under exactly the same
For a survey of interviewing techniques, if the Chaplain set of circumstances; therefore, it follows, strictly speak is interested in thoroughly covering the field, two of the ing, no word can have the same connotation for any two very best books available are listed in the bibliography: persons. The emotional tonality varies and, therefore, Garrett, Interviewing, Its Principles and Methods, and causes each word to have a different emotional flavor for Bingham and Moore, How To Interview. These are in- the individual as the result of his previous associations valuable in the sense that they give a far more complete with the usage. treatment of the subject of interviewing than can be found In conjunction with the statement which we havejust in any acceptable books on counseling. The depth level to made, proper emphasis should be placed on the alertness which the interview will be guided by the counselor is of the Chaplain to observe and note some of the physiology proportionate to the implications of the problem. The ical aspects of the person's behavior during the initial initial statement of the problem as the counselee sees it interview particularly, and in all interviews subsequent to at the time that he comes to you for counseling will be the initial interview. Observations of hesitancy in the fib indicative, to a large extent, of the amount of exploration of conversation, places where stress and strain are evident, necessary. The counselee should be encouraged to state marked points of conversation where the individual ind as well as he can- his problem or difficulty as he sees it cates emotional reaction such as blushing, crying, laughat the time that he comes to the Chaplain, as has been re- ing, etc., in fact anything which would indicate a shift ferred by the previous statement. Without a clear state- of mood or that the individual has experienced strong ment of the problem or difficulty on the part of the coun- conditioning in relation to the experience about which he selee from his point of view the counselor has no basic on is speaking, generally are to be regarded as worthy of atwhich to proceed. However, if the counselee has stated tention and later clarification. It is sometimes necessary his problem as he sees it and is assured that the counselor to pass over certain points of stress or places where. maintains a wholesome understanding and willingness to change of mood is indicated because of the intensity of help him, he will more readily pour out his difficulties reaction, but the counselor should later return to those in detail which will serve for the most part as clues to points for the development of further clarity of relatively the counselor, which will enable him to proceed more ef-, significant aspects. Withholding and evasion are occufectively with the interview. It is important at this point rences to be considered in this relation. The counsetori for the counselor to have in mind the processes by which should never force the counselee in conversation. He open personality is motivated, conditioning, etc., which im- ly admits that he is not capable of conducting a satisfacplies that he should be aware of the basic psychology of tory interview if he finds it necessary to force the counseled conflict and personality disturbances, the processes of in conversation. emotional conditioning; alteration of the affective nature Every effort should be made to ascertain resources which of the individual, basic and acquired urges, thwarting and are available to the counselee both within himself and i frustration, modifications and attitudes formations. For he the environment of which he is a part. By this I mean the will have to draw upon his background and his accumu- Chaplain should ascertain what qualities and what prelated insight with reference to these factors and the im- vious experiences, ideas, or wholesome associations the pinging forces and elements which converge to modify individual has come to possess which can be drawn upon human personality. Therefore, at this point he should in relation to the, problem with which he is confronted. exercise a keen awareness with reference to the possibility Outside of himself, a brief inventory of the resources of any one of the factors entering into the situation as the which are available to him in the area of which he is a individual has defined it. part, such as money, friends, family, etc., should be made
Wherever, in his belief, there are contributing factors by the counselor. With particular reference to convalesce the counselee should be encouraged to clarify relative fac- patients, this is important. The Chaplain should emphasle tors or relatively significant aspects of his life and his per- not what the individual has lost as a result of combat sonal relationships to those who are a part of the social perience, but what he has in terms of capacity and ability situation involved. Many times the counselor at this point on which he can draw in his efforts to compensate or nake will find that it is necessary to repeat certain sentences up for his losses. Therefore, this is of particular sig or certain phrases which the counselee has used in order cance in relation to counseling convalescent patients. to project a sequence of thought which will clarify more, The Chaplain should not be content with just a supe20 The Army and Navy Chaplai




statement of the facts which are apparently relative, and value are encouraged. Perhaps it should be pointed e should constantly attempt to get all of the facts which out that the religious resources available to the counselee it Is reasonably possible to attain. Sometimes that which are not to be minimized by the counselor. Those have seems to be a remote aspect of the situation is basically great value in the process of enabling the individual to te clue to the most dominant contributing factor in the arrive at a satisfactory life adjustment, which of course, entire situation. Therefore, careful evaluation of the facts involves the harmonious relationship-to both God and which are apparently related is desirable. man. After the counselor has enabled the counselee to openly At this stage the counselee should be brought to the discuss all phases which are related to his situation, and realization that he is about to proceed on his own initiative all of the facts are obtained which can be obtained, the and will power in carrying out the implications of his new time has come for the counselor to guide the individual perspective and decision to which the counseling processes in the processes of facing the integral factors involved as have helped him to arrive. It is not desirable that the counthey have been objectified. The counselee then is encour- selee become dependent upon the counselor, for this would ged to make a proper evaluation of the integral factors prevent personality growth and sense of personality adeunder the guidance of the counselor. The resources avail- quacy. However, it is desirable that the counselee feel that able to the counselee which he has revealed in his con- he can call upon the counselor at any time and that the versations, and the emotional resources of which the coun- counselor will continue to maintain understanding and elor has become aware are reviewed and discussed thor- warmth of interest in his progress. The assertion on the roughly in relation to the problem. Alternative approaches part of the counselor at this time that he has full confiwith, reference to a solution are then discussed and dence in the ability of the counselee to draw upon the reeighed thoroughly. The feelings and attitudes of the sources which he possesses and the resources which have counselee are frankly discussed and evaluated in relation been made available to him is of great importance and to these alternatives. After proper evaluation the coun- will project a desire on the part of the counselee not to selee is encouraged to segregate from a number of alter- let the counselor down, as well as the desire to deal effecnatives, if such is the case, those which will most likely tively with the factors in the environment which have esult in constructive integration of personality and whole- caused him his difficulties. some adjustment. Narrowing down his alternatives, the Of particular value in dealing with convalescent patients ounselee is encouraged to make a definite decision with and returnees is the pamphlet entitled, When He Comes reference to the matter with which he has been con- Back and He Comes Back Nervous, published by the Refronted. The resources which are available to him are habilitation Division, The National Committee for Mental again reviewed and efforts to avail himself of their worth Hygiene, Inc.
More About Japanese Chaplains
EDITrOR's NOTE: Chaplain L. A. Johnson, Jr., 11th Airborne A short time before the war, the government forced all Division, sends an interesting letter dealing with this matter. He Christian Churches to unite and this organization became refers to the article "Japanese Christian Chaplains" by Daniel o ht Cr Carr-see April-May 1946 issue. An extract follows: known as the Japanese Federation of Christian Churches.
S e Ai a 1946 isL. ater, on 24 October, 1942, the name was changed and
In the course of the past eight months, after talking at it became the Japanese Christian Church.
length with Japanese Christian clergy, Japanese army per- .From this organization the Japanese Army recruited sonnel, and Japanese civilians concerning the attitude of civilian Christian Clergy and paid them approximately one e'Japanese military toward religion in their ranks, I hundred and fifty yen (Y 150.00), or the equivalent offound the following facts: an officer's pay. During the Japanese occupation of the The very nature of the relationship which existed be- Philippines these clergymen were sent to that area in teen Shintoism and the Japanese militarists rendered it an effort to propagandize the native civilian population impssible to completely segregate and channel all forms an. effort to propagandize the native civilian population.
possible to completely segregate and channel all forms through the principles of Christianity, to the ideology of
religion, their basic and secondary functions, and their the Japanese government.
timate goals, as sanctioned by the Japanese leaders. The same practice was followed during the Japanese
As for* Cop"fCaliswowr eiie The same practice was followed during the Japaniese':
As for.a Corps of Chaplains who wore a definite army occupation of China.. However, in that area, Buddhist
orm and insignia and drew direct salaries from the
uform adseis ndrewa distsiref c h e priests were obtained in similar manner, paid as officers,
my for services rendered as commissioned chaplains, an sn in w t s j .
epae had .and sent in with the same objective.
panesehad none. In the field, Uiit commanders It is very evident that the service rendered by the were responsible for selecting men (either enlisted personnel b fo s ig (e r p Christian clergy among the minority of Christian soldiers
or. officers) from their organizations who had. .
sed either as priests or appren 1 and the civilian population of the islands was of superior ieras priests or aprentice priests before mduc- .
tio into the armed forces. These men were charged with quality and is worth honorable mention. I think it wise to the responsibility of conducting burial services and saying add that instead of following the pattern as required by rayers wherever possible. This duty was not allowed to the Japanese army, the clergy, in nearly all cases, allowed nterfere with their primary duties as soldiers. the doctrines of Christianity to dominate their activities.
nuary-February, 1947 21




Build The Community
By CHAPLAIN GEORGE W. JENKINS*
TN 1883 a small group of Americans went to North At my former station parents became concerned abo I Africa. With the authority of the State Department the use of leisure time by their youth. The chaplain they removed from the sands of Africa the body of a the suggestion of the Parents and Teachers Associati, former United States Consul at Tunis. The remains were sent out letters to secure a trained recreational leader 0 returned to Washington, D. C., and buried with State youth. Through the courtesy of the Methodist Church honors. trained leader was sent to the station. A Youth Centeras
The former Consul at Tunis had been a wanderer from in the process of being set up when the writer was de
his boyhood. Strangely enough, the wanderer loved home tached.
the more for his journeys. Indeed these singular honors However, such a center required volunteer help andCO were paid to him because he had written a song in 1823 operation between churches, public schools and exist entitled "Home Sweet Home," which captured the heart Scouting organizations on the base. Officers, civilians ad of America. enlisted personnel are working at a common task dear
The citizen was John Howard Payne, composer of their hearts.
Opera, who from 1851 to his death served as Consul at When leaders show ability and devotion to their coi Tunis. munity work, the chaplain should bring it to the atten.
Each war has enlarged this natural sentiment for home tion of their division officer. In cases of outstanding de
in the heart of the serviceman. Whether he sang "Tenting votion to community welfare, the writer sends a cornmei Tonight," "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" or "I'll dation for such services to the Commanding Officer. F Be Seeing You In All the Old Familiar Places"-the home all such services that require extra time provide a well thought and the beloved community was foremost. living water of community spirit. Whoever is faithful.i
Bob Hope knew how to reach the heart through home- these things is deserving of the attention and support o
appeal. After a talk with Gary Cooper over his experiences the leaders of the community.
with enlisted men, he confessed: CHAPELS MUST BECOME CHURCHES
"Those men . those soldiers . they're not
The highest values of the community are perpettiatedj
just the bunch of crap-shooting, wolfing guys we in worship. The military community needs to particp
:' ..... . .. ..in worship. The military community needs to partiapt
like to joke about. Those men are men with the
depet n k s f g more in worship. The chapel will remain a kind of au deetemotions andt keenest. feeligs men} can
have about evrthing tha t life holds dear.n tion of a half-hour sermon until effort is made to bri
have about everything that life holds dear."
The building of ts close fellowship of heart and h worshippers into a conscious participating fellowship
The building of this close fellowship of heart and home Here the chaplain's work is limited by his own den
is one of the supreme duties of the chaplain. His station n, hcha s h m a d s ol y toa.
. ... . ,. nation, which says he may adde members only to apt and his post must become homelike. This has been an al- ticular chch." In this day of the so-called "ecumeni a
:, .. .. .. .. .. ticular church." In this day ofthme so-called "ecureuC,
most impossible task during the war and demobilization m o P a n e n b i
_~~ 8 .- mmd of Protestantism new experiments should eint because of the turnover of personnel. Men, now, are set- ated to build a true creative fellowship.
tling down to tours of duty and the obligation falls heavy What advantages would an og ized and freat .What advantages would an organized and creativefe.
upon us to build the community. lowship offer to a permanent base?
STATIONS MUST BECOME COMMUNITIES 1. Servicemen would have a membership in a comma
"Thou shalt know thy neighbor" is one of the first com- ity where they lived and worked and spent their lve
mandments of the community. The chaplain may have op- 2. When they transferred to other bases, they wou
- 1{ carry on" their fellowship. As participating M~portunities to see that people get acquainted in his recrea- carry on" ther fellowship. As participating m
tonal and welfare duties. bers of churches, they would become conscious Of
:tional and welfare duties.
However, formal dances, teas, and receptions may tend their community good. .
3. Officers, enlisted men and civian s would have wid
to accentuate cliques rather than promote common under- .
, ... ... .... .. sight into the scope of the chaplain's task.ii
standing of those relations necessary to make good neigh- insight into the scope of the chaplain's task.
bors. Rank clusters like bunches of grapes and seems to 4. Such an experiment would be useful to churches o
u ..... side who are gropingfor the wider fellowsip.
spurn variety. It is only a sign of hunger and thirst for side who are groping for the wider fellowship..
spr How could such work be initiated?
communal expression. In most instances men of rank will aplas interested such an approach th
appreciate and further the efforts made by the chaplain Chaplains interested in such an approach to their wo ap preia cn f rt. t would have to gain consent of the Chaplain's Departmfe ,- to bil cmui sirit ,the General Commission, and their own denominator
One area which needs the help and interest of the whole The current r am of the Nav offer in at
; Vch~e de ;LZ_: __. ..: .Th cuirt praofhea Nvy offering opportuni community is work with our children. In many stations ch cpan fora n e a osu do wel couei where adequate recreation is provided for the enlisted to fel of
men, the children of the station are neg-e ese age research of sociological nature in the broad field e, the childreofth staionar neglected..
negecd community relationships on military stations.
*Chaplain, USNR. The world has enlarged our view of the cormuni,
'Bob Hope, I Never Left Home, page 82. (Continued on page 23)
2 .The Army and Navy Chav p




Alexanders Reunited After Wartime Separation
By JAMES O. POWELL, Journal Staff Writer
HE globe-trotting Alabama Alexanders were reunited the Distinguished Flying Cross, a Presidential Unit Citarecently in Montgomery. Col. Richard Alexander, vice- tion with one cluster; also served in paratroopers and esident of the National Association of Army and Navy made 21 jumps. He is now discharged and working in the caplains, and his four sons met at the Jefferson Davis city engineering department. Hotel after serving in war theaters all over the world. Melton A. Alexander: A staff sergeant in the famed They had not been together since before the war began. 82d paratroop division; has made 16 jumps, including a Col. Alexander is a former. pastor of the Lowndesboro test from the new C-82 troop carrier ship; holds division's Baptist Church and a former professor of social science at awards. toward College, in Birmingham.
These are the family's servicemen and their records: The Colonel: Served in Africa as senior chaplain for the military railway service; later as senior advisory chaplain for the American Graves Registration command; he set up religious ceremonies and procedures for American military cemeteries in Africa and Europe; was awarded te Bronze Star, and the French Chaplain's Cross.
Chief Petty Officer Richard Alexander, Jr.: Served aboard the cruiser Wichita in 14 campaigns; he saw service i Russia, Casablanca, Guadalcanal, Rennel Islands, Attu, Kiska, New Guinea, Philippines, Okinawa, Guam, Saipan, Tian, Nagasaki and Sasebo; holds the Navy Department citation, individual campaign ribbons, and the Philippine iberation 'Medal with two clasps.
Lt. (jg) Owens Alexander (now discharged and announcing here for radio station WSFA): Served in New Guinea, the Admiralty Islands and the Philippines; was an aide in fleet headquarters.
William M. Alexander: As an aerial gunner, flew 47 Chaplain Richard L. Alexander, Lieut. Colonel, and his four sons. missions with the antisubmarine patrol in U. S. and Euro- Left to right: William (Bill) Maxwell (Paratrooper Sgt.), Richard L., pean theater; holds one battle star in American theater; Jr. (Chief petty officer-Navy), The Chaplain, Owen Fitzgerald ,two in European theater, the Air Medal with two clusters, (Lieut.-Navy), Melton Lee (Sgt.). All have served with signal honor
__ . .and distinction. Each and all have received citations, commen*From The Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser. dations and decorations.
The Chaplain's Study and Devotional Life add to that list, works of other competent authorities. If
(Continued from page 15) he has not done so already, he should read one of the most
have had in mind in offering that advice to young recent contributions, Peace of Mind, by Rabbi Liebman. Timothy. We too, as Chaplains, must pursue our devo- This much-talked-of treatise will shock the conservative tional studies in the direction of life's growing edges. If thinker, but it will certainly stimulate him tb think in terms Our ministry is not to fall' short of the mark, we must of the growing edges of life, as its impacts are felt upon study people as we find them, and learn to deal with them the lives of the people of our own day and generation. where they are. We should be adept in the art of prescribing the "word of truth" to given situations. This requires Build The Community that we shall become thoroughly informed mn our knowle ge of God's word as it is revealed in Holy Writ. It is re- (Continued from page 22) quired of us, also, that we shall become skillful in apply- Belief and doctrine need not hinder our march to the ing its truths to life's growing edges. homelike community. Elton Trueblood has said that
Moreover, wotes growing edges: C.Emire no chel as a
Moreover, we should not be ignorant of any extra-Bibli- Christianity won in the Roman Empire, not chiefly as a cal revelations of God's word. It is incumbent upon us to belief, though it was a belief, but more as a "self-conscious inform ourselves of the best findings in those fields ad- fellowship."2 Jacent to the purely "religious," especially the social sci- Today, chaplains and ministers are required,to build ces. Some splendid books in the field of psychiatrfy, for this fellowship across sectarian frontiers, if need be, and sample, are coming from the press in fairly rapid succes- into wider 'communal expression. A great opportunity is son. Every Chaplain owes it to himself and to his profes before us if we work intelligently and co-operatively. Let iOn to familiarize himself in the use of the tools made us make our stations communities; our chapels, churches. available to him in the Selected Bibliography. He should 2Elton Trueblood, The Predicament of Modern Man, page 93.
January-Fcruary, 1947 23




N!
School Children Want To Know!
How Can We Have Security In Atomic Age? which mankind now has in its hands, a force for peace
W. WI. Waymack, who left the Des Moines Register- and progress and happiness, not a force for destruction Tribune to join the newly created atomic energy commis- and misery. sion, has replied to a question from two school children It was with boys and girls like you in mind that Conin such manner as to warrant widespread publication. gress declared this. It was with boys and girls like yo Copies of the two letters appear below, in mind that the President of the United States, in a stateEast Prairie School, Skokie, Illinois. ment to the world at the time of the appointment of the William Wesley Waymack, Atomic Energy Commission, re-stated that great pupose Member of Atomic Energy Board, It is not only fine and proper and admirable for boys Des Moines, Iowa. and girls like you to be asking about your chance of living happily in the atomic age. It is also very encouraging. Fo
Dear Mr. Waymack: it is only by thinking about it very seriously, by asking the
The pupils of East Prairie School in Skokie, Illinois, question that you ask, and then by doing the things that would like to ask your opinion on how you think a per- must be done, that this new force can be made to serve son can live happily in the atomic age. We are very much humanity gloriously. interested in the age in which we will probably live. It can be made to do that. For the good possibilities as
We would appreciate it very much if you would please well as the bad possibilities of this new force which edu tell us your opinion on this topic. cated men have broken loose from its prison in the tiny
Yours sincerely, atom are so vast that as yet we can only dimly compreJUDITH FEIND, a pupil in the seventh grade at East hend them.
Prairie School. GREAT DISCOVERIES and great inventions, Judith and
DICKIE EDMAN, Grade 6. Dickie, are always like that. They have their terrible Des Moines, Iowa. dangers, if they are used badly. They have their magnifiMiss Judith Feind and Mr. Dickie Edman, cent opportunities for making a better and happier world East Prairie School, if they are used wisely. Skokie, Illinois.
n. Long, long ago, some ancestor of ours who would probDear Friends: ably look funny to us if we could see his picture, invented
I must begin by saying very frankly that I cannot answer or discovered the wheel. Just try to think what that h
andtl~at donotthik a y p rso onea~th or discovered the wheel. just -try to think what that has, your question, and that I do not think any person on earth meant through all the ages since then, especially now. It can answer your question, in any positive and confident is the wheel that makes the fire-spitting "tank" possible. way. It is the wheel that also has made possible our transpoYet your letter touches me very deeply. I intend to show tation, our marvelous methods of communication, our comit to all the other four members of the Atomic Energy fortable houses, the kind of clothing that we wear, an Commission. They will smile, Judith and Dickie. But it even the quantity and quality of the food that we eat. will be a sober kind of smile. And I think that, while you The greater part of these benefits have come since, did not intend it that way, your letter will be felt and re- The greater part f thesime ago, a few other criome since, ioly
membredas chllege o th comisionas rea asa relatively short time ago, a few other curious and imagimembered as a challenge to the commission as great as the solemn words of the President of the United States native men found out how to combine the energy of fir
age so ttand more poignant. With that simple device, the wheel. As soon as mankind as great as that and more poignant.... .,
For the question that you ask, on behalf of the pupils was able to put this mysterious force of heat to work, inof East Prairie uSchool, gets to the very heart of the ques- stead of relying just on animal muscles and the wind (to Ervast P'ramre School, gets to the very heart of the ques- blo the ship al, you. know, a whl "nw, ord tion that the whole world faces. How can the boys and blow the ships along, you know), a whole "new world girls of East Prairie School in Skokie, how can the boys opened up. For a century or two we have been calling it "th: e machme age"' or "te mndustri age. It has brought
and girls throughout all this vast country, how can the the machine age" or "the industrial age." It has brought
-. .agro .. .. .a..;. ^. us many problems, new ones always showing up as fas
boys and girls in every land "live happily in the atomic us many problems, new ones always showing up as age as we get old ones solved. But, one by one, through edaWe do not have the answer to that question, Judith and cation and optimism and vision, we have solved most o Dickie. But indeed we must find it, them. .
It is because of the overwhelming necessity of finding IT HAS BROUGHT us terrible wars, too. They are th
it that the Congress of the United States enacted the law greatest of all our problems. Even before atomic energy ar called the atomic energy act of 1946, under which the new rived, mankind, and especially the people of America, wh Atomic Energy Commission has been set up; And in that are the most fortunate people in the world, had come to law the Congress of the United States declared the pur- recognize that international wars must be ended and that pose of the whole American people to be the purpose of the only way to do it was by international organization making this tremendous and revolutionary new force, And now atomic energy is here. The blinding flash and the gigantic mushroom over Hiroshima announced
*With permission of The Columbus Citizen we publish this article. march of man, for good or for indescribable evil, into We chaplains will do well to read'with care and with deep penitence this a "ne ,, letter, and the reply.-EDIToa. another new world. 24 The Army and Navy Chapl
N "g -,z i ~ N ,J,# ; ; 2 [ *




it akes the building of international peace through 1 THINK 1 CAN SPEAK tor the five humble humans who ternational cooperation so much more urgent than even have been called by the President of the United States to iwas before that there is no way of using words to de- start trying to make, in America, this giant a benevolent ie the urgency. servant, when I say that we hope and pray to be able to America, through the declaration of its Congress and do, with a little wisdom and much devotion, what we &words of its President, has said that. have the obligation to do for you.
if the world can have peace, then this new force that For you, the pupils of East Prairie School in Skokie, education has released from the tiny heart or "nucleus" of Illinois, are yourselves part of tomorrow and you repree atom, which is itself so tiny that it cannot be seen, can sent all of tomorrow. emade to serve all the Judiths and Dickies of the world It is mankind's tomorrow that your Congress, President, Sa force at man's command. It can produce for them your commission are thinking about-indeed, it is what ore comforts, more leisure, better health, more of real they exist for. Respectfully, edom, a much happier life. W. W. WAYMACK.
tate V. A. Deputy Raps Vet Critics
PEAKING to the New York City Army and Navy Chaplain (Colonel) James O'Neill, First Army Chaplain, Chaplains Association's luncheon, Monday, Decem- was the host at the luncheon, which was given in the Offit 9, at Governors Island, Mr. David P. Page, Deputy cers' Club on Governors Island, N. Y. Chaplain William A. Administrator for the State of New York and Puerto E. Austill, Senior Chaplain for the New York, New Jerico, hit at critics of the "52-20 Club" and defended the sey, Delaware Military District, made the necessary artablishment and operation of this and other legislation rangements and the program and correspondence were r veterans and GI's. also handled by his office. Chaplain Darlington announced The Army and Navy Chaplains heard Mr. Page declare the Association's next meeting, January 13, at the Brookt over 85 per cent of the veterans are not taking ad- lyn Navy Yards, with Bishop William A. Arnold, Bishop ntage of "a chance to get easy spending money by rob- of the New York Archdiocese, as the guest speaker. ig the taxpayer's pocket." The V. A. official stated that Bishop Arnold was, until late in 1945, Chief of the Corps twas unfortunate that a small minority abused the bene- of Chaplains, U. S. Army. s provided for the veterans and added that it was also fortunate that the majority were judged by those few ho "just seem to hang around idle."
Mr. Page, a former Army Colonel, who headed the blicity and Psychological Warfare Section of the First army's Staff in 1944, stated that the veterans are deservig of a chance to "make up for lost time in their schoolg and also to have a chance to look around for a posiion which fits their ability, pays well, and satisfies their esire for a permanent spot."
Realizing that many of his listeners were former chap:s who are now back in their own parishes, Mr. Page vited questions after concluding his short, informal talk. nong the problems discussed were points in the "G.I. ill of Rights," the Veterans Administration's organizaonal set-up and officials, the V. A. Job-Placement Proram, hospitalization, educational supervision, and the in>iration centers and aids provided by the many V. A.
cal offices and its roving representatives. ATTENDING CONFERENCE
Cha1 -ATTENDING CONFERENCE
Captain Henry Darlington, the New York State
nard's Senior Chaplain and President of the N.Y.C. Left to right: Lt. Col. James H. O'Neill, 1st Army Chaplain; Thomas Ay a d Navy Chaplains Association, was toastmaster, J. Courtney, Ass't Chief Chaplain of the Vet. Adm. Br. No. 2-N. Y.
Navy Chaplas Association, was toastmaster, State and Puerto Rico; David P. Page,, Deputy Administrator, Br. cnducting the business session and introducing Mr. Page. No. 2 (Guest Speaker); Harry Darlington, Senrior Chaplain of the N. Y. State Guard, and Lewis B. Beissig, Chief Chaplain of the VetReleasea by Hq. I Army. erans Administration.
SEND IN YOUR MEMBERSHIP DUES!
n uary-February, 1947 25




6- '') O
Jil
38th GRADUATION CLASS FORT OGLETHORP, GEORGIA Left to right, First row-Staff and Faculty: Chaplains David T. Ray, Martin H. Scharlemann, William P. Maxwell, Gynther Storaasli, Robel J. Sherry, Robert L. Schook, ArthurC. Piepkorn, Charles F. Steck. Second row: Chaplains Albert F. Click, Ralph P. Boyd, Lawrence M. Neits Ray L. Allen, Ellie H. Colvin, Robert F. Thornton, Paul E. Winslow, Charles M. Buck. Third row: Herbert Wicher, Wilson C. Hammon, Anre T. F. Nowak, Francis D. Bridenstine, Charles D. Rooney, Delbert Barney, Reed Probst, Elder E. Wehking, Charles Fisher. Fourth row: Chare SM. Smith, James G. Barrons, Luther G. Schliesser, Werner R. Saar; Philip Pincus, Raymond O. Rhine, Brannon J. Hopson, Hansford I Gober. Fifth row: Irwin C. Bailey, Jr., Richard B. Cheatham, George F. Daum, LewisM. Durden, Robert B. Mathis, Delbert C. Partin, Jni Jedlowski, Robert A. Bryant. Sixth row: James E. Fish, Silas L. Weems, John C. Brucker, Harmon D. Moore, George A. Lehman, Joh Fellows, James A. Skelton, George L. Murray. Seventh row: Edson R. Burchell, Howard E. Munson, Francis L. Sampson, Elmer P. Gibso Herman E. Knies, John 1. Koch, Gomer S. Rees. Eighth row: Anthony A. Dudek, John W. Handy, Thomas M. Midura, Ernest F. Pine, Thoma F. Shea, Cecil L. Propst, Kermit T. Melugin. Ninth row: Walter R. Floyd, Johln W. Kilburn, Carlton W. Harrod, Harlan D. Morris, Richd E. Spellman, John S. Kelly.
Know Your Chaplain
By CHAPLAIN WILBUR S. HOGEVOLL
As far back as the history of warfare, so dates the ex- present capabilities in relation to personal achieveet istence of an officer, designated as Chaplain. The three professional, moral and spiritual. major divisions of religious beliefs as arranged in the The Chaplain is not a miracle worker or soothsayer. Army are, Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish. Therefore, the is your friend, and vitally interested in your welfare Protestant Chaplain serves all Protestant denomrninations, all times. He is 'always glad to help you obtain pr' such as Disciples Church, Presbyterian, Methodist, Bap- decisions and adequate answers to your problems asN tist, Episcopalians, Lutherans, etc. The Chaplain is as- as your aspirations. signed according to the quota of the Church which he Only the courageous, sacrificial, stout-hearted ian represents, and proportionately to the number ratio of one worthy of the name American. America must remla 'Chaplain for a minimum of 900 men. God-fearing nation if she is to bring peace to a cha The Chaplain is a clergyman or minister in Army dress. world. The struggle will be severe, but with every His duties in the Army are principally the same as those working together as a team, we can accomplislf this of the civilian ministry. Among his many duties we may sion. An Army or nation is no stronger than its weake note the following: counselling with those who seek and constituent. The Chaplain who loyally serves God, mJ need help with their problems, visiting and comforting and country is strengthening himself, in order that hem those who are sick, and conducting religious services with help to strengthen you in your daily tasks. Join hands< the purpose of inspiring men to live up to and above their the Chaplain; he is working for you, work with '26 The Army and Navy Ch




The Chaplaincy In The
Local Communi ty
By CHAPLAIN KURT W. SCHALK
INTRODUCTION which have taken place in community life. Dislocations
s .... b i e in family life are just as startling as are the changes in
Should be a sinple matter to speak on the subject as- h
I ne defines "the local community" as that ,, the life of the community. How does the veteran see his signed me if one defnes te local community as tat .h ,, ome community after three, four, five years of service?
I eographical area which is commonly called com- ,: .,, :
Geographical area which is commonly called com To be sure, for a long time he will think of it as he knew
ad" r U. S. Reservation. There are patients and their ,9 ., ,:,,
or U. S. Reservation. There are Paents ad the it as a soldier rather than as it once was. Regardless of ors who should have our constant attention. Chaph s l hv C the changes, regardless of other returning servicemen with s ought to be present on visitors days, if possible, to t.. t. to different stories of heroism as well as familiarity with his available for counsel and consolation. The annual Hos- 1 a p story robbing him of his prestige, regardless of neurotic i Day provides a wonderful opportunity for personal b y, e e n r o p e e symptoms of which he reads in magazines, and regardless acts. Secondly, the large number of personnel em- n ma g ...... , .. of the fact that he is just one more civilian now trying to yed ~here have need of our personal interest in their make a -he i js o me cin now tyn t e a c make a living-the veteran is determined that what hap-.
of work, spiritual leadership and pastoral care, just E.p ." ....
e nd r a ened in Europe and in Asia must not happen to his counnuh ~as' they. need recreational activities. Although . :...... ....
. mh .. lug try, and his generation. is called upon to guide his country s (.ian employee lives mn adjacent communities, yet his i ......P ..
an employee lives n adjacent communities, yet is destiny. The responsibility is his, and the nation which
er interests are with the institution and with those d o h depended on his courage and stamina to protect it from Work and live there. Chaplains should take time to i Se occasionally, symahetic and its enemies now expects him as an individual to claim his
with them occasionally, be sympathetic, and always right of leadership, a right which he earned honorably and ncerned over their morale and personal welfare. An op-which is well deserved.
!mkybegivn the (du "which is well-deserved,. :. otunity may be given them (during the noon recess, preito seek the C m (ing t hd e non rcerss pe At the same time, his outlook on life has probably been
ffrby ose h haplain's advice on matters of a
o altered by what he has seen, suffered, and done. And while onal or pastoral nature. Thirdly, all employees and 1,, ..fal .o t re a d mye in we do not agree with those who see in every returned r fandes, both resident and non-resident, may be in- 0 .ted to the public services of worship ad other religious member of the Armed Forces a neurotic, neurasthenic, or
cltotepublic serie o f wrhpand other reiiu .
cities, especially on Sundays and Holy Days a psychopath, it cannot be denied that, nevertheless, some are home, or coming home, with such neurotic symptoms as
I. THE VETERAN'S COMMUNITY morbid anxieties, suspiciousness of others, complaints of
ca commune, in its broader sense, nervousness," the feeling of "going crazy," or an exaghe local community, in its broader sense, is the adS ated area, veering a number of communities gerated self-sufficiency, especially with reference to past j.jcnt populated area, covering, a number of communities C) experiences. Some of these symptoms disappear after the ahn reasonable travel distance from the hospital to i the Chaplain is assigned. Various patriotic civil first three weeks back home. Normal American living will th oaniains igne ounaitic ave in do wonders here. Nor should it be denied that the afterrch organizations in these communities have in math of war brings them back with personal difficulties
patdemonstrated their ability in assisting and ma- ;. L ~ ,' ,. ,
a dn the i asl assisting of many kinds. Thus, when a man's personality problem ayidinmg the chaplains as well as their untiring in- ,- ..-,, ... ..
in chaplains their untiring in- becomes so severe that he cannot carry on his work or his
our veterans' hospitals, of which I shall speak relations with other people, he needs a good pastor who knows something of pastoral psychiatry.
the meantime, you are kindly asked to bear in mind
fact that any community today is well populated with II. THE CHAPLAIN-CONSCIOUS VETERAN
trans of two world wars, some more than others. At
rate, veterans of all wars have become influential Our returned servicemen and women expect to find in
's in their communi ties, especially during the post- their home church leaders men of understanding, their best
period. Beyond their bonds of comradeship there is friend, in whom no confidence is misplaced. They have vitally important fact that this recent war was a dif- been accustomed in the military service to find the chapt kind of war, and that merely winning the war lain visible six full days of the week anyhow, and in many
t make the world a perfect place to live in. instances, seven. Back in civil life, they soon note that oreover, servicemen and women returning home are they have need of a pastor who is of the chaplain type;
ht face to face with changes, wise and otherwise, who understands the veteran, having undergone some Changes; who speaks his language; who does not mince paper presented on the occasion of the Veterans Administration, words; and who is right there.
ch N 1, Field Chaplains Instructional Meeting, July 22 and 23, There may be no fundamental difference in the message
eytle, bruary 147shington. . t2e ms
I r-Pebruary, 1947 2




brought by civilian clergymen and chaplains, but their in particular considered counsel and advice, and to methods of operation are so vastly different that religious- him in every possible manner. No victory of peace c ly untrained thousands already look upon religion in the be won without the victory of the home. The church being Army and Navy as something vastly different from what the spiritual mother of the home plays an even greater they had known or heard about at home. While many part in the making of a peaceful mind and a nation a churches place the emphasis upon the preaching or liturgi- peace. Here. then, is our field of influence as servants, cal services, the returned veteran knows other phases of re- God and His Church, in addition to our duties in the fied ligious ministry: (1) The ministry of personal counselling, to which we are assigned. Let us always represent theYVet i.e., dealing with the intimate problems of the men's lives erans Administration in our capacity as pastor, spirtu l, and discussing frankly major issues which find no place leader and director, counselor and advisor. When ti in most pulpits of civilian churches; and (2) the ministry permits and the way is open, or better: God willing/ of personal contact as lived day in and day out without advisable to contact the patriotic and other benevolent any break or exception until Uncle Sam rewards him with civic and church organizations in the neighboring cor the meaningful emblem of the Lame Duck. What has he munities which may be interested in the chaplain's coun done that is so different from churchianity? He has shared sel and advice based on training experience with the vie the soldiers' training and combat experience, he has been to building the veteran's morale and welfare. The com there where the soldier was, he has seen, he has heard, and munity must prepare itself for the home-coming soldier smelled, and tasted; he has made sacrifices to bring cour- and sailor, nurse and other servicewoman. Assisting variage and cheer on the beach of Normandy, in the dirt and ous aid committees in placing a veteran in a suitable jo.
grime of Hurtgen Forest, the suffering on the snow-coy- will be no small contribution toward postwar adjustment.
ered Ardennes battlefields, and during the many dangers Suggesting to him to join veterans clubs or organizations in connection with the Roer and Rhine crossings and the which will help him feel that unity with other veterans, confusion in the Ruhr pocket; and he has risked his own which he misses as a civilian, and assisting in re-educating life to bring in the wounded, dying, and dead, and even both veteran and civilian as to the respective changes in liberated the captured. No comparable situation is general- each other will bring about an understanding not other. Sly found in civilian life. wise possible.
The veteran feels the vast majority of the men and It is necessary, of course, to establish contact with th
women in the service know the chaplain personally and family of the hospitalized veteran, in particular in such at one time or another have come under his influence. cases as the seriously ill and the discharged, and to writ Over there, many a man who never gave religion much letters of condolence to the bereaved of deceased patient thought at all, was glad to have the Chaplain around. VA chaplains are oftentimes requested to officiate 1 Now that he is home again, or is coming home, let him funeral services and/or bring a message of comfort to t be glad to know the "chaplain is there, too.". I mean now mourners. In the near future communities may want to the VA Chaplain. While the church in his community may call on us to participate in the re-committal service fo well ask "What can the church do?", let us rather put the comrades whose remains have been shipped home from question this way: "What can the returned soldier do and overseas cemeteries. The assistance of chaplains to chuJ where can the VA Chaplain help him do it?". I have no leaders and veterans organizations and other charital answer to this question; I merely present it to this body and benevolent groups in our common effort to serve the of chaplains and other responsible persons of the Veterans community in general and the veteran in particular will Administration concerned with the health and content- much desired, and frequent contacts should be made wil meant of veterans. As a matter of course, the Chaplain can- representatives of recognized organizations of this kin not afford too frequently to absent himself from his place They have been of assistance and material aid to chaplas of duty. On the other hand, many a chaplain in the mili- in developing morale activities and decorating chapelI tary service agrees with me in the conviction that so-called terrors, purchasing equipment and various helps whh "preventive medicine," figuratively speaking, is applica- could not easily be obtained through government chan
ble to the veterans' morale and welfare to the same de- nels.
gree as it applies, in the literal sense of the term, to his What is more important, however, is our giving rath body and mind. As for myself, the discussion of this par- than receiving. "Where there are no visions people perish ticular matter on the floor of this conference will be much As chaplains we should strive, with the help of diVi appreciated. grace, to be a source of inspiration to these organizations
III. THE CHAPLAIN'S OPPORTUNITIES IN THE whenever an opportunity presents itself, and labor ins VETERAN'S COMMUNITY son and out of season, and not ask for any reward sa No other organization should be as able to help both that of knowing that we do the will of our divine Lo
civilian and veteran groups to make a mutual adjust- Successful in his community contacts may that chapel
ment as the church. This is its golden opportunity. If call himself who has succeeded in not merely contact
the church has any specific mission in these days of re- organizations and community leaders but becoming kio habilitation, it is that of bringing the returned veteran, among the vast majority of average veterans who do6 his wife and family the comfort and consolation of our belong to said organizations, nor are reached by them holy religion, to be a source of inspiration, ever to hold seemingly care for any contact. I venture to say there e
before them the vision of better days, to give the veteran (continued on page 30)
28 The Army and Navy Chapl




7 When Johnny Comes Marching
Home With A "BCD"
By. JOHN H. GALBREATH*
"Dear Mom and Dad, The court-martial has given me Fear of sea or combat
nine months in the brig and a 'BCD.' This may be, Poor choice of companions or perhaps has already been a part of the experience of Over-attachment to his wife, parents or girl friend Your parish, for during World War II, approximately Inability to get along with his companions or officers 70,000 men have returned to the civilian community with Inability to perform his duty for physical or psychoa discharge resulting from disciplinary action. It is essen- logical reasons tial, therefore, that we should know just what such a dis- Emotional instability arising from an unfortunate carge involves, and what we as ministers and church family background (One-half come from broken members can or should do for these men. homes!) Briefly, a bad conduct discharge may result in the fol- Among the factors outside the service and the man himowing: He who receives it does not receive mustering- self which occasion these offenses are: out pay and is eligible for only limited benefits.from the Sickness at home GI Bill of Rights. Unless it was received through a sum- Financial hardship at home mary court-martial he is not eligible for the veterans' un- Marital trouble (his own or his parents') employment benefits or the vocational rehabilitation serv- The birth or prospect of a child
ice. He holds no veterans' preference for a civil service Over-indulgent wives and mothers position. He may not wear the honorable discharge but- Conflict with transportation schedules ton, the uniform or decorations. In many unions and com- Detention by the civilian police panies, he loses his seniority privileges otherwise accrued The military situation sometimes gives rise to occasions during his period in the service. His opportunity for em- which in themselves or coupled with the factors above lead payment and his hope of holding a responsible position to the man's disregard of regulations: in the future are jeopardized. Assignment to duty for which he is physically or Considerably more serious is the dishonorable discharge. tempermentally unfitted
ts holder receives no veterans' benefits, is not permitted Inadequate or poorly executed leave and liberty policy to hold public office or to vote. In effect, he loses the rights Discrimination in granting rates and other privileges f American citizenship. In practice, just how much dif- Inadequate medical attention ference such a discharge makes depends upon the nature Poor disciplinary policy-either over-lenient or too of the employment he desires and the publicity which his strict discharge receives in his community. Inexperienced or inadequate officer leadership. What kind of man receives a disciplinary discharge? The Army and Navy have been carrying out an enlightScannot be overemphasized that a military offender is ened rehabilitation policy in order to return these men to not a criminal. 94% of the men in confinement in military duty, or to prepare them to assume their responsibilities would not have received disciplinary action had they as citizens. But for those who receive a disciplinary disbeen before civil courts. Only one man in twenty is guilty charge, the problem of assisting these men to make their hef assault or sex offenses 90% of them were con- proper adjustment back into civilian life rests with the
et, assault or sex offenses. 90 of them were con- j1 h
ie fur being 'over the hill"-on unauthorized leave, community. And no part of the community is better able
's" and "DD's" were not awarded for absenteeism in toaid these men than the church.
civilian life during the war! Before the men are discharged from the U. S. Naval hat ltifue d urg e a Retraining Command, Norfolk, Virginia, one of the larghat aitue should be taken toward the man who re- est Naval disciplinary and retraining units in the country, ceves such a discharge? No blanket statement can bemade or n a n e they are interviewed personally by the chaplain, and for if, r The reasons for a man's going over the hl those who so desire, a letter is written to their minister, va'yfrom that of the lad who went home to take over
h uties of his minister who was i, to the one who priest or rabbi advising him of the man's return and receleb his min of boot training by taking a questing such attention as may be wise. About one-tenth hundred-di completion of the men desire such a letter. Many do not plan to reay.pree. Factors within the man himself, for.
hich h spree. Factors within the man himself, for turn to their home community. And those who do fresucfemay or may not be responsible, which lead to quently feel that the fewer people who are aware of their
hoffmensesicknessclude: disciplinary discharge, the better.
Intoxication The church has much to offer these men. Most of us Dislike of his duty would do well to re-think some of our attitudes regarding Dislk our responsibility to our nation, community, family, to
*Chaplain, USNR, Inactive ourselves and to our God. The present trouble in which auary-February, 1947 29




these men find themselves usually arises out of an incorrect need the understanding and healing which only the ch evaluation of one or more of these fields. The Christian can bring. outlook on life should hold our sense of responsibility in proper balance.
The dischargee will be faced with the problem of choos- The Chaplaincy In The Local Community ing his friends once more. This is particularly true of the (Continued from page 28) man who goes into a new community. The importance of legions of them, many of whom need careful, prayed his choosing those who will be an asset to him cannot be handling. Here is a field for the finest of guidance, a overemphasized. A poor choice of companions is all too chaplains may be able to render just such invaluable sey frequently the cause of his confinement in the first place. to the community and individual veteran. To take the a SWhile the church is not primarily a social club, yet Chris- tude that consideration of the returnee should be batian fellowship has had a vital place in its life whenever on regarding him as a problem is to make a bad beg the church has demonstrated spiritual strength. Whether ning. To assume that they who have met the exacting it be in the men's bowling league, the young married cou- mands of separation from home, business, church and co ples' group, the men's Bible class, or the Sabbath morning munity, etc., will fail now is to go from the sublime worship, there is no better place for a man to find new the ridiculous. Each time we hear communities, orga friends of the right kind than at his church. zations of church leaders referring to the returned service
One of the most important friends the dischargee should man and woman as a problem we must impress upon i. have is his minister. The Army and Navy have seen the the wisdom and necessity of regarding them as norw importance of providing the services of the chaplain-a although they are not the carefree youth or young an man who should hold the confidence of those about him, and woman they were prior to the military service. and to whom others may go to discuss their most personal IN CONCLUSION, the field chaplain of the Veterans situations. He must be able to go to his chaplain expect- ministration has a big job on his hands. It will do ing, not a browbeating, but sympathetic and understand- good occasionally to get away from the hospital and c Sing help. As a man returns from the service, he should and tact community and church leaders and representati will expect this from his minister. And just as much of of veterans organizations, the American Red Cross,ai the chaplain's work is beyond the realm of the obviously other recognized groups of the benevolent kind. He spiritual, so too, the minister may on occasion offer such return to the hospital with the knowledge that those bui mundane assistance as a lead to possible employment or dies "that people talk about" need care and help. Ofl. housing. again the chaplain realizes he is wanted on the spot; Very frequently the cause or result of a disciplinary dis- "the harvest indeed is ripe, and the laborers are few,"
charge is friction in the man's relation to his wife or -what is so important-the opportunity is his once ag, family. The best assurance of a happy home lies in their to be "all things to all men." Above all, the responsibi sharing an active Christian life. The American Youth Comn- is his to make his knowledge of the veteran's needs know mission recently pointed out that homes in which the par- to those who in this day of rehabilitation would be tr ents are not church members have two-and-a-half times and strong and brave enough to tackle the problem-w as much chance of being broken as those where both par- would be friend to the veterans regardless of race, cre ents are on the roll of a Protestant church. These men and social standing-who would "be giving and fo need the stability which an active Christian life can give the gift"; and who "would look up, and laugh, and 10 them. Their children, too, need the church. All too often and lift"-to the glory of God and for a healthy and pr the maladjustment of a parent will be reflected in the life ductive citizenry in a society which allows all its citizens of his child. There is no simple way to prevent this. But be healthy and productive.
certainly a strong program of religious education within Permit me to call to your remembrance a few wo the church should assist in developing within the child a taken from the final message to all separated services healthy, Christian outlook on life. and women-this includes each of us- (and I may ad
The man who returns to your community with a dis- has been my great privilege to read this message of Ge
charge resulting from disciplinary action in all probability eral Marshall, former Chief of Staff of the War Dep has no criminal tendencies. He may be a man who has ment, twice weekly for six months to veterans with CD had difficulty in fulfilling the requirements of military dis- on the occasion of their separation from an honot cipline. To the problems of readjustment which every vet- military service in time of war). These words may eran must face, he has the additional burden of a discharge be addressed to the chaplains of the Veterans A
which may have disgraced him and his family in the eyes tration in their particular capacity as servants of G of the community. Our Lord said, "They that be whole "I know that the people of America are counting on0
need not a physician, but they that are sick." These men I know that you will not let them down."
ARE YOU FISCAL?
30 The Army and Navy Chap




HOUGHTS, CTIVITIES, ECHNIQUES
A Department of Helpful Suggestions and Materials for Chaplains
aboard ship, or in your church or synagogue at home. We With this issue, TAT inaugurates a clearinghouse have some ambitious plans for the use of films in the work formation regarding the use of Audio-Visual Aids. of the Chaplains Association. You can be of great help continue to solicit your ideas and reports concern- in just expressing interest! other activities.-Editor.) "Human Relations on the Screen" is the intriguing title Religious Screen of a brochure sent us by J. D. Nobel, Regional Director of (the Cleveland Round Table, National Conference of ChrisVisual Aids in the Church," by William L. Rogers and tians and Jews. It is a list of 16-mm. films and slides avail1 H. Vieth (published by the Christian Education able at the Cleveland Public Library, for the purpose of is, Philadelphia and St. Louis; Price $2.00) is a neces- "creating better human relations." A remarkably fine list, text for anyone actively interested in the film field. too. Rogers has been the executive secretary of the Reous Film Association, Inc., since 1942. Dr. Vieth de, New Films Available
ped the Department of Visual Education at the Yale inity School and is now Horace Bushnell Professor of A"Marie Louise," Academy Award Picture on the plight istian Nurture at the same institution, of children in Europe, is now available for exhibition by churches and religious groups, exclusively. This is made e Religious Film Association, Inc., publishes a "Cat- possible by the National Council, Protestant Episcopal of Films for Church and Communi Use," available Church, through American Film Services, Inc., 1010 Verog community mont Ave., N.W., Washington 5, D. C. All AMFILMS gthe publishing houses and book stores of its nineepub ng h s ad bo s o i n- distributors will have it. This picture is in 16-mm. sound, n member denominations, or direct from its office at 45 i wl hv T picur. is in16m. ,. or Place, New York 3, N. Y. This is the most complete in French and Swissme: one and German with English subtitles.; rental, objective listing and description of available resources Running time: one hour and twenty minutes; rental, flms and slides for church use. $15.00 per day.
.. "For All People," thought-provoking and dramatic film magazines for the religious film worker might include A lm World," published monthly at 6060 Sunset Blvd. dealing with the issues of interracial relationships and, to d y a se v., a lesser degree, of juvenile delinquency, is of equal value ywood, Calif., subscription rate $3.00 per year; "Film
od Cf, s to all churches and all faiths, and may be used with profit Radio Guide," published nine times a year at 172 Ren- by grous promoting civic d social interests Produced ve., Newark, N. J., subscription rate $3.00 per year; by groups promoting civic and social interests. Produced "The Edua a ,, ub's rat $. e by Cathedral Films, Inc., for The United Christian Mis"TeEducational Screen, published at 64 East Lake
ee, Chicago, Ill., ten times a year, subscription rate sionary Society, it is available in 16-mm. sound from any 3.0 per year. distributor of Cathedral Films. Running time: 22 minutes; rental, $8.00 per day.
S"Visual Aids Handbook and Catalog" has just been sed by the Methodist Publishing House. It offers, New Faces ComeBack," produced by the Royal Cana7 a, dian Air Force Film Unit and the National Film Board of ngwith a great deal of useful information, "Three Reaable Budes for a Aids Canada. This 16-mm. sound film tells the story of an RCAF
Gets for Starting a Visual Aids Program in.
urChurch." SFlight Engineer and his three years in a plastic surgery hospital. It stresses the responsibility that rests with civilhe Navy Chaplain Corps' Film Project is making good ians in completing the rehabilitation of wounded veterans.
t Available only through National Film Board offices: Canapgress. Script for the first film in the "For Which We d" chrtr tein i e dian Embassy, 1745 Massachusetts Ave., Washington 6, caracter education series is bemng written in New
rk by John Grierson, world-famous film maker. A ni D. C.; 84 East Randolph St., Chicago 1, Ill.; or 620 Fifth
yJohn Grierson, world-famouS film maker. A numSof inquiries have been received concern Avenue, New York 20, N. Y. Running time: 28 minutes;
iqUiries have been received concerning the availlity of these motion pictures. It is hoped that the first rental, $3.75. fiEve twenty-minute short subjects will be completed by I ly fall. General Items A MAlarriage Booklet, "Whom God Hath Joined Tot us know what you are doing in the use of audio- gether," by Chaplain Frederick W. Brink, USN, has been ,isal aids, whether in your active-duty post or station, printed through the courtesy of the Chaplains Service
uary-February, 1947 31




Corps of Los Angeles. It is an excellent pamphlet, and is again. It's a big job and it can use recruits; guys who wil available to you, free of charge, by writing Chaplain Brink work at it on the spot, not just view it with apprehension
at his station, U. S. Naval Disciplinary Barracks, Naval from a comfortable distance of three thousand miles.'
Operating Base, Terminal Island (San Pedro), Calif. In an overseas chapel of the Second Marine Division was found this admonition:
The Inauguration of Captain W. W. Edel, ChC, USN, Here is a quiet room,
(Ret.) as the 22nd President of Dickinson College occurred Pause here a little space,
October 26,1946, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Representatives And in the deep'ning gloom
of one hundred and eighty leading colleges and institutions Pray for God's grace.
of learning were present. Chaplain John W. Moore, USN, Let no unholy thought
District Chaplain of the Potomac River Naval Command, Enter thy musing mind.
brought greetings from the Secretary of the Navy, the Navy Things that the world hath wrought, Unclean,-untrue,-unkmnd;
Chief of Chaplains, and the Navy Chaplain Corps. Leave them behind.
Pray for the strength of God,
Awards: On December 19, 1946, an award of Com- Strength to obey His plan.
mendation with citation from the Secretary of the Navy, Rise from thy knees less clod was presented by Rear Admiral Glenn B. Davis, USN, Than when thy prayer began;
Commandant, PRNC, to Captain John Warner Moore, More of a man.
ChC, USN, "for outstanding performance of duty as Chaplain of the Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn., Regarding continued world food shortages, it is interfrom September 1, 1939, to August 11, 1943." This is the esting to refer to the Congressional Record, 79th Congress, second Commendation Chaplain Moore has received. Second Session, to which Jerry Voorhis of California de.
The Government of China has also presented to Chap- livered speeches in the House of Representatives on Martch
lain Moore its Decoration of Yon Hui, or the Cloud Ban- 7, 25, 28, April 4 and 18, 1946, on the continued use of ner of China, for his service as a member of the Staff of grain, corn, barley, rye, rice, and other food and feed
the Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Pacific Fleet and Ocean products for the manufacture of liquor and beer.
Areas. At the time of Mr. Voorhis' reports, American distillers M and brewers were using 225,000 tons of scarce cereals a Volunteer civilian ladies, known as "Chaplains' Aides," month, nearly 25 per cent of Europe's entire requirements
assist the chaplain two days each week, writes Army Chap- from us.
lain F. M. Jones. These ladies do social service work, make It is even more interesting to watch the Distilled Spirits calls, and in general resemble "Grey Ladies." Institute, Inc., in its clever illustrated conversations called "The Old Judge Says . ." According to that worthy,
The Chaplains' Aid Association, affiliated with the Na- the distillers produced 1,200,000,000 pounds of distillers'
tional Council of Catholic Women, reports that during the dried grains, for the year ending last June. This proves, fiscal year ending September 30, 1946, the sum of $54,- says "The Old Judge" in newspapers all over the coun005.36 was expended in its work of supplying a wide va- try, that grain is not wasted min distilling.
riety of ecclesiastical and other equipment to Catholic Evidently the Institute is laying down a barrage through Chaplains in the Army and Navy,. small-town and rural newspapers, for we saw another delightful if disgusting demonstration of their technique,
The of defeated Germany, says Deb Myers, with the old boy's advertisement sounding off as follows: Thforme problem of defeated Germany, says Deb Myers, "The time has come when every enlightened commuty Tre Yank correspondent, in the New York Herald- should realize that alcoholism is evidence of a disease that'
Tribune Book Review of December 29,1946, shoud im- just as real as any other. Scientists have proved by research press us with the fact that an occupation army, any oc- m Y g the Sarmy, is gd fr k g dw ait must be treated professionally. You've got to get at cupation army, is good for keeping down a beaten enemy, underlying causes of the alcoholic's abnormal behaviour.
but not much good for anything else. Too many people, .(Go tl t t th hl Jd
r .,, ". .'. . (G..o tell it to thne Chaplain, judgee.)
including men of good will, who should know better, ex- o
pect too much of the ordinary soldier. A soldier's ultimate
job is fighting, tearing down old worlds, not building de- EDITOR'S NOTE:
cent new wolds." With this edition we find Chaplain Drew taking over
Mr. Myers goes on to say, "That is the job of men of "T A T." He brings to our columns a vital interest in ad
good will, and too many of them have been shirking the a compendious knowledge of the religious audio-visu
job, glibly, of course. They have criticized the American field.
GI's-the plain beat-up enlisted man whose duty is to Our Editorial Page is enriched and strengthened by th take orders-for not setting a democratic example to Ger- contributions of "R.J.H." To those initiated into the many. Maybe the time has come for some of these well- mysteries of our office these cryptic letters mean hard and intentioned, high-minded critics to go to Germany them- ceaseless work, profound historic and literary background, S selves; to sacrifice plush jobs and lush offices and help do and a winsome spirit rolled into the person of Chaple
whatever they can to help make the Germans good citizens Roy J. Honeywell.
32 The Army and Navy Chapli"




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A Navy Prayer
(Written by Rear Admiral W. N. Thomas, Chief of Navy Chaplains, while Chaplain at the Naval Academy)
Almighty Father, whose way is in the sea and whose paths are in the great waters,
whose command is over all and whose love never faileth: Let me be aware of Thy
presence and obedient to Thy will. Keep me true to my best self, guarding me against dishonesty in purpose and in deed, and helping me so to live that I can stand unashamed and unafraid before my shipmates, my loved ones, and Thee. Protect those in whose love I live. Give me the will to do the work of a man and to accept my share of responsibilities with a strong heart and a cheerful mind. Make me considerate of those intrusted to my leadership and faithful to the duties my country has intrusted to me.
Let my uniform remind me daily of the traditions of the Service of which I am a part.
If I am inclined to doubt, steady my faith; if I am tempted, make me strong to resist; if 1 should miss the mark, give me courage to try again. Guide me with the light of truth and keep before me the life of Him by whose example and help I trust to obtain the
answer to my prayer, Jesus Christ our Lord.
Amen.
(This prayer was composed at the request of the Regiment of Midshipmen in 1938, and is used each Sunday at Annapolis.)

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