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THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE
CHAPLAINS ASSOCIATION OF THE ARMY AND NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES 1751 N Street, N.W., Washington 6, D. C.
The Professional Journal for Chaplains and C N T E N T S
Religious Workers
EDITOR .......... CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM
ASSOCIATE ... CHAPLAIN MONROE DREW, JR. COVER: The Capitol Dome. Photo by Harris and Ewing Used by permission.
EDITORIAL BOARD
CHAPLAINS WALTER B. ZIMMERMAN, Arlington, CHAPLAINS IN POW HOSPITALS..................
Virginia; ARLINGTON A. MCCALLUM, Washing- ASSOCIATE EDITOR APPOINTED ..........
ton, D. C. and WILLIAM T. BRUNDICK, Wood- PSYCHOLOGY AND SEX ...........................
stock, Virgimia.
stock, Virginia. RE-CHURCHING THE RETURNED SERVICEMAN ...
THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN is not THE ASSISTANT LOOKS AT HIS CHAPLAIN ........ the official mouthpiece of the Chief of Chaplains A NEW CHAPLAIN HISTORY ....................
of the Army or of the Navy. The fact that an
article appears in its columns does not indicate CHAPLAINS FOUND THEM ......................... 8
the approval of the views expressed in it by any
group or any individual other than the author. It CITATION FOR LEGION OF MERIT ................. 9
is our policy to print articles on subjects of inter- MISS CHAMBERLAIN, CHAPLAIN........ 9 est to chaplains and religious workers although MSH B LN A AI some or all of the opinions advanced may be at FOR MURDERERS ONLY ............................ 10
variance with those held by the President of the
Chaplains Association, the members of the Execu- NAVY MOTION-PICTURE PROJECT ................ 10
tive Staff and the Editors. IT HAPPENED AT PEARL HARBOR .................. 11
DUTIES OF A TRANSPORT CHAPLAIN .............13
The Chaplains Association of the CHAPLAIN JIM, USA ............................. 1..
Army and Navy of the United States
ArmyV andF NnCHAPLAIN CLIFFORD MERRILL DRURY, USNR. EXECUTIVE STAFF
EDITORIALS: Congratulations-Vacuum of Power-"So PRESIDENT I've Come to See the Chaplain"-The Watch Changes and
CHAPLAIN N. M. YLVISAKER the New Guard Mounts-Religion and the Great Decisions
VICE-PRESIDENTS of Life ......................................... 16
ARMY THE CHAPLAIN IN THE ARMY AIR FORCES ... ... 18 CHAPLAIN D. C. SULLIVAN .............. I SC COMPULSORY CHURCH PARADES ABOLISHED... 19
CHAPLAIN P. B. FAY .................. II SC TRIPTYCHS ................................... 21
CHAPLAIN J. P. TYLER ................ III SC CANADIANS CONDUCT SCHOOL OF FAITH 2
CHAPLAIN R. L. ALEXANDER ........... IV SC
CHAPLAIN C. A. STRIDSBERG ............ V SC A JEWISH CHAPLAIN SPEAKS .................. 23
CHAPLAIN A. N. CORPENING ........... VI SC COMMISSIONED IN REGULAR ARMY 2
CHAPLAIN W. A. MUNDAY ........... VII SC
CHAPLAIN J. J. O'BRIEN ............. VIII SC TRANSFERS TO REGULAR NAVY ................ 2
CHAPLAIN C. A. CARLSON ............ NWSC CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN THE ATOMIC AGE ........2
CHAPLAIN B. A. TINTNER ........... At Large MORE FROM BEHIND THE BARBED WIRE........2
NAVY THOUGHTS, ACTIVITIES, TECHNIQUES ........ 29 CHAPLAIN E. L. ACKIss ............ At Large TO THE EDITORS ....... 31
CHAPLAIN E. P. WUEBBENS .......... At Large
CHAPLAIN R. J. W HITE ............. At Large BOOK REVIEW S ................... ..............
MEMBER POETRY-The Lately Come .......................
COLONEL A. S. GOODYEAR On Vision High ........................
CHAPLAIN ALVA J. BRASTED, Ret'd The Citadel of Brotherhood .................
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY-TREASURER
CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM Prayer ...................................3
VOLUME XVII JULY-AUGUST, 1946 NUMBER
Published quarter by the Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United States. Issues are dated January-February, AprillM July-August and October-November. Publication, Editorial and Executive Offices, 1751 N Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. Entered as S1e Class Matter at Washington, D. C., additional entry at Richmond, Virginia, under the act of March 3, 1879. Mailed to individuals eligible for bership in the Chaplains Association under payment of the current membership fee of $2.00 per calendar year. Subscriptions to all others not eligible membership are $2.00 per calendar year. Foreign subscriptions (non-members) are $3.00 per calendar year. THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAP does not carry paid advertisements.
Chaplains in POW
Hospitals
By ROBERT P. TAYLOR, Chaplain, U.S.A.
Narrated in humble style, but in words that burn with fire, we find this story of Chaplains in prison camps gripping us with its sheer drama. Chaplain Taylor has made a significant contribution to the permanent record of The Chaplaincy.
IL
I-HOSPITAL NUMBER Two ON BATAAN We also decided that the Chaplains' religious programs AFTER the American forces had surrendered to the would continue daily unless stopped by the Japanese.
Japanese on April 9, 1942, Chaplain (Colonel) Al- Regular daily services were planned for the Protestants. fred C. Oliver requested that I be assigned to Hospital Daily Mass was said for the Catholics by Chaplain Talbot. Number 2 on Bataan. There were at that time, 1 500 Each evening, Corporal Ernest 0. Norquest blew the patients in the hospital. Chaplains William Dawson and Church Call and hundreds of men gathered in the Chapel Talbot had served the patients during the four months for the public worship service. They sang, prayed and of battle. I joined them in the Chaplaincy of the hospital listened to a message fromlone of the Chaplains. on the 11th day of April, 1942. Services continued for several days and no Japanese The Japanese ordered that the 1,500 officers and men said a word about them. Late one afternoon, about April be incarcerated within the area normally occupied by the 15th, the service had gotten under way and the Chaplain hospital. Within a few days, Japanese guards came and began to speak. Several cars came down the road that led
;,,, .. . o "' -" aalongside of the Chapel. The ccpants of the vehicles>L placed a fence around the camp. It was from that time a alongside of the Chapel. The occupants of the vehicles typical prison camp. were the Japanese general and his staff. When they came During the following month, prisoners in our hospital abreast of the Chapel, the cars stopped and the officers had much hardship to experience. The Japanese came in got out quickly. A tension crept over all who were in the trucks and carried away the small amount of canned foods Chapel, because it appeared that the final test of our that had been held in reserve for extremely critical pa- privilege to worship was imminent. The Japanese officers tients. There was only rice left for the officers and men looked at the Chaplains' flag as it rippled in the breeze. of the hospital, a very inferior grade of moldy rice. They studied the calm, sincere expressions on the faces of
Combat units of the Japanese Army took up offensive the worshippers. The Chaplain paused in his discourse Positions against Corregidor around us. Artillery gun em- and asked the Japanese interpreters what their wishes placements were located on all sides of our hospital camp. were. The interpreter spoke to the General and after For almost a month, we were subjected to the hazards of words between them, said in reply to the Chaplain, conbattle even though we had surrendered an d were, at that tinue." We did continue. The Japs turned and walked very time, being guarded as prisoners. The guns of Cor- away. regidor retaliated and as a result of shells exploding in We were indeed happy that the Christian flag had been and around our camp, several men were killed. Many honored and that the Christian ministry, which meant so others Were wounded. much to the 1,500 patients in the hospital, had again been
Two chapels had been constructed within the hospital victorious over even the enemy of our country.
grounds. One was used by Protestant personnel an d the The hospital patients were removed from Bataan after other by Catholics. We chaplains, captured in the fall of Corregidor fell. On the 25th day of May we were all Bataan, did not know what the future status of our pro- transferred from Bataan to Cabanatuan by way of Bilibid gram of ministry would be. The American Flag had been prison in Manila. furled in defeat and surrender. TH CABAN UAN HOSTAL
We wondered if the Nips would also order the Chaplains' flag down. The hospital within Cabanatuan Military Prison Camp
After discussing the possible reaction of the Japanese No. 1, was organized and opened for patients on or about toward our religious program, we decided that the Chap- the 5th day of June, 1942. The first group of patients lains flag would continue to fly at the entrance to our was made up of men who had been transferred from Camp bamboo Chapel. We would not lower it of our own O'Donnel and those who had been taken out of the Bataan decision. The Japanese would have to order it. hospital. From the fifth of June, 1942, to September of
1
1942, several thousand patients passed through the Caba- the grave said the appropriate ceremony for the dce natuan hospital. Chaplains who served the men of the hospital iwee Many things contributed to the perplexities of the hos- usually faithful and consecrated to their task and oppo pitalized men in Cabanatuan. The sick men had no beds tunities. The greatest blessing to the camp during all upon which to rest. For a long time, the Japanese pro- dark days of sickness, starvation and death was the real vided no beds for our patients and consequently they were the power, the comfort and the spiritual strength i forced to lie on the hard floor of a building or upon reached the personnel of the hospital. Much of this bamboo slats. In either case there was no comfort for them. made possible by men of God who dared to subject the The sick had no clothing. It was the rainy season and selves to exposure to disease in order to reach their me many days and nights of dampness and coolness found with the message of life. hundreds of men without sufficient protection for their Regular Sunday services, morning and evening, we bodies. Sick officers and men had no food for the proper organized and conducted. Catholic Chaplains held di nourishment of their bodies. For months, the only food Mass for their men. Two and three nights each weekve provided for the prisoners of war was a poor grade of rice devoted to Bible study or lectures on appropriate subject and water weeds. Critically needed medicines were not Each Wednesday night a midweek worship service wa provided. Hundreds of men had malaria, dysentery, scurvy, conducted for the men. Bibles and New Testaments we pellagra and diphtheria. The Japanese would not permit distributed to the men who did not already have th. any medicine to come into the camp. Almost all of the men had carried a New Testament int During the period from 1 June, 1942, to December, the camp. During the war on Bataan, they had carried 1943, more than 2,000 patients died in the hospital. New Testament in their shirt pockets. When they w Assigned to minister to the patients of the hospital were to prison, they carried their books with them.
several Chaplains. They included Chaplains Dawson, I have never seen men respond more readily to the m Zimmerman, Carberry, Talbot, Zerfas and Taylor. At a sage of the Kingdom. They were not panic-stricken, fri4gh later date, some of the Chaplains were transferred out ened, or driven to religion by their devastating condition and others, Chaplains Tiffiney and Riley, were assigned They were merely responding to the innate urge of duties in the hospital. At all times we had Chaplains serv- to worship the Supreme Being. They were complyi ing and ministering to the patients. with the teachings which they had received from chil The huge hospital was divided into sections for the hood in the churches of America. The Gospel message purpose of the Chaplaincy, each Chaplain serving a par- Christ was to them as a fountain in a desert and as fo ticular area. As the patients were ill and could not walk for the hungry. long distances, the Chaplains set up Chapels of worship During 1942, 1943 and 1944, many men embrace convenient for the men. Hundreds of them were unable w . Christianity and were baptized by the Chaplains i to leave the wards and were administered to by Chaplains Were ie t C ~~. ... hospital.: Most of thmwr nlune obcmeCh
who went to their bedside. Many devotional services were hi hospital. Most of them were influenced to become.Chi e w tians by personal contacts made by the Chaplains. In fa conducted within the wards for the patients who requested 1 them. The Chaplains also Communion to se much of our ministry in the hospital was conducted at desired the memorial gaV those who bedside of men who requested a conference with t In the early days of the hospital, Chaplains served, in Chaplains.
addition to their regular 'duties, as distributors of milk to Holidays, such as Christmas, Easter, Mothers' Day the extremely ill patients. The Japanese brought to the Memorial Day were featured by special 'services wi hospital a few cases of "American evaporated milk" and the hospital. Christmas Eve nights the camp choir ma the Commanding Officer of the hospital asked the Chap- tours through the hospital and sang Christmas carols. lains to see to it that the milk actually reached the desig- Easter Sundays, we held sunrise services and theIn nated persons. For a long time while men were so weak came in large numbers to sing and worship the Ris sick and dying, we went daily through dysentery wards Christ. On Memorial Days, men who were hardly able s c k a n d d y in g w e we n t d a iy th r o u g h d y s e n te ry w a r d s l e v ... .. w a d m a e i s st n e u e t f r p e m s i n lifted the heads of patients and gave them two or three leave their wards made insistent request for permissi ounces of milk. join in the Memorial Day Service at the cemetery.
Patients of the hospital died rapidly and in great num- .There, for three years, Army and Navy Chaplains-pr bers. Fifteen, twenty, forty and, as many as forty-six men oners themselves-served and served faithfully thousand per day died within the hospital. This continued from the of men who passed through the hospital at Cabana first of June, 1942 until about the first of 1943. At the 111-THE Moji HoSPITAL latter date, the death rate began to decrease.
At first the Japanese would not permit Chaplains to ac- Sixteen hundred and twenty officers and a few enlist company the bodies of the deceased to the cemetery. They medical men sailed for Japan on the evening of 13 did permit us to conduct religious rites for the dead within cember 1944.. The second day at sea brought disaste the camp. Each day for many months, the Chaplains of our convoy of nine ships. All were bombed and S the hospital conducted funeral rites for the dead before including the Ora Oki Alaru, on which we had b they were carried out of the camp area. At a later date sailing. About five hundred officers were killed. the camp commander ruled that the Chaplains could ac- remainder swam to the shore on Subic Bay, Luzon. company the dead to the grave. From that time on, the The second ship, on which we continued our jQ Chaplain went out with the burial party each day and at from Lingayen Gulf, Was bombed on the 9th day of 2 The Army and NAavy Cha
1945, in Techow Harbor, Formosa. We lost about hundred and fifty officers and men as a result of ct bomb hits on the ship.
The third ship was nothing less than a hospital ship.
had been through the bombing and sinking of two s. Consequently, all personnel were in bad condition. ay were wounded and all were weak from starvation a treatment. We sailed on the thirteenth of JanuWe had no clothes, since losing almost everything in e sinking of the ships. We soon reached cold weather ind many men died of exposure to the cold conditions f the ship. We had food only one time each day. Four Meshared a canteen cup of dry rice once each day, except or the days when we failed to get any at all. There was Water. Men died of thirst. I have seen West Point ings go in exchange for a cup of water: We reached Moji n the thirtieth day of January, 1945. We had lost scores of menwho died on the last ship as it sailed from Formosa SJapan.
Throughout the trip, doctors and Chaplains ministered to the wounded and sick as best they could. Each night, the Chaplains conducted devotional services in the hold f the ship for the men. The dead were buried at sea each day, with Christian rites being said by the Chaplains. At the beginning of the long journey, there were 16 Chapins on the detail. Fourteen of the sixteen had been killed Sthe bombings, or had died of starvation and exposure Sroute to Japan, or shortly after arriving there. One hundred and ten patients were sent to Moji Hospital from the reception center at the docks of the harbor. at di App id t was a Japanese hospital with Japanese doctors and Associate Editor Appointed Icorpsmen officiating. We were placed on grass mats and
- HAPLAIN MONROE DREW, the new associate edliven blankets. There were no fires in the buildings and itwas cold, both outside and inside. Snow, sleet and ice tor of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN, entered the .ere everywhere about the hospital area. The Japanese naval chaplaincy in June 1944. He was then serving as did nothing for the patients for several days. They did pastor of the East Shore Community Presbyterian Church, s some rice each day, with a small amount of vege Richmond, California and Boys' Work Secretary of Richeussme rice each day, with a small amount of vege- .
ables and fish. Within eight days after being admitted to mond Y.M.C.A. After his course of indoctrination at the the hospital, 70 out of the 110 patients died. I pulled Chaplains' School at Williamsburg, Chaplain Drew served
from a cold pallet on the floor each day and con- at Coast Guard Headquarters and other Coast Guard actayselfvtie fro aahntn col pale ono thebe floor eahdatncn
ducted the funeral ceremony for the dead: Chaplains tivities in Washington, D. C. from October 1944 to June lalph Brown and Edward Neagle both died in the Moji 1945. He was then ordered to the heavy cruiser, USS Hospital Chester and joined her in Japanese waters. Each night before sleeping, the Chaplain conducted When his vessel came to Philadelphia for preservation devotional services for men of the two wards in the hos- in March 1946, Chaplain Drew was ordered to the Chapi We had lost all of our New Testaments and Bibles, lains' Division of the Bureau of Navigation to supervise pitl We ha los al of our New TetmnsadBb,, some public relation matters including the making of a but we quoted in unison passages from the Scripture. The some public relation matters including the makg of a
ents we spent in devotion constituted the only bright number of films designed to dramatize decency. Chaplain
we spen ..n I. t nuri no bu 0N
'spots of our experience in Moji Hospital. Drew is one of about 100 Navy Reserve chaplains who
fer a long voyage of disaster and death, and after elected to remain on active duty until 1 July 1947.
S'months in the wo ase .. a d d a an afe Chaplain Drew is the composer and author of the Navy Sot 2 various camp-hospitals of Japan, Chaplain Hymn, "Padres of the Sea" printed in the JulySonly about 250 officers and men surviving. God, with % comfortng5 b ,August, 1945, number of this journal.
oforting presence, blessed those who died, and for .M. D. oe reason sustained a few who came back to tell the ir of His goodness and greatness to us while in the dows of misfortune. 16th Annual Convention
There will probably be little said about the Chaplains of
Bataan, Corregidor, Prison Hospitals and Camps of the THE CHAPLAINS ASSOCIATION
ese. However, they were men whose lives, works
v~ vr.@. er~e hs ive'wrw Shorehiam Hotel. October 23-25, 1946
chievements will live on in the minds of the few Shoreham Hotel October 23-25, 1946
ivors of the Japanese prison camps. SEND IN YOUR RESERVATIONS BEFORE OCTOBER 1. $August, 1946 3
Psychology and Sex
By ROBERT W. PRATT, Ch.C., USNR
This worship of the instincts with the consequent
believe, ap- slavement by them is a revival of Rousseau's 18th-cen The writer of this article has, we believe, p- hilosophy of a "return to nature" which to him m proached the subject of "sex" from a stra- that which was "least specifically human, least rati |> tegic angle.* We reprint it in order to preserve that which was "least specifically human, least ratil'] tegic angle. We reprint it in order to preserve and least disciplined." Upon this philosophy was b
) :this worth-while contribution and to present an1es iole.Upnt hlspyW
this worth-while contribution and to present the Romantic Movement which while producing in lit it for thought and development. Chaplains ture some masterpieces from the disciplined minds will do well to study its implications. Wordsworth, Byron, and Shelley, from the unbridl morals of the same men produced lives of immorality a
sin. In this period to Thomas Godwin this anarchy
C ONTRARY to many people's views Christianity is not morals was theoretically ideal, but the entire pict a religion of negatives. It is addition, not subtrac- changed for him when Shelley practiced it by living o tion. It approaches the V.D. Problem not on the surface of wedlock with his own daughter, Mary Godwin. but by offering a man something better and by a realistic in recent years this concept boomeranged on Mrs. Bertr approach to the physiological and psychological factors in Russell whose husband practiced their philosophy. the sex problem as a whole. The fallacy with this approach is that it appeals In the early Christian era the body was considered to be man's weakness rather than to his strength. It treatsI something evil. Manacheans explained man by a struggle as a helpless slave of his instincts and as a mere anA between light and darkness. In the struggle some light The present emphasis on V.D. prevention assumes t (man's soul) became surrounded and trapped by some some men must have sex relations. The hero of an a darkness (man's body). Man was thus explained as being V.D. picture recently shown at our base was the wise in constant conflict trying to save his soul from his body. who took a "pro." Please do not misunderstand m Many of the practices of early monasticism are explained am merely trying to say that such necessary sex hygti by this view of the body as something sinful.' Some tor- instruction can be presented without making men feel itured their bodies. St. Anthony was never guilty of wash- some say, "Some men must have sex experience" and w ing his feet. St. Abraham for fifty years after his con- out making heroes out of whoremongers. As this is a vi version washed neither face nor feet. Some refused-to see social question upon which Jews, Catholics, and Pro their own nude bodies. A certain Paula said, "A clean tants agree, why not make a hero out of a clean young a body and a clean dress mean an unclean soul." St. Eu- who not only protects himself physically but morally a phraxia joined a convent where 130 nuns never washed spiritually as well, and, at the same time, the home, their feet and shuddered at anyone s mentioning a bath. foundation of our civilization. "Greater is he who We remark of such people as having "the odor of sanc- conquered himself than he who has conquered a ci tity." These were good people who had a perverted idea Make him the hero for our men. of the human body. The Christian view of all man's instincts including Those who view the body and its instincts as evil at- is that they -are natural and good when used for tl tempt to solve the sex problem by suppression. Thus these proper end. The Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant religi drives are placed in the brig of the subconscious which agree in this view, naniely that the physical union in' eventually results in jail breaking and various pathological is reserved for those who have a love union of mind' disorders. soul as well as body and who have accepted the so But today the pendulum has swung to the opposite side. responsibilities of a home, the basic unit of all society. Whereas sex was once considered to be a demon it has Christianity appeals to that which is highest in man now become a deity. Millions bow at the altar of Diana his strength, not to his weakness. It applies to sex expe of the Ephesians (the goddess covered with breasts). ence the same psychology that you and I apply in 6. Like the pagans of old they worship at those temples where spheres. In wartime we appeal to the heroic in of the so-called temple virgins are but temple prostitutes- things, why not do the same in reference to sex relatifl ,Ask the boys who have been to Pompeii about some of the There is- a reason for such denial. That it is natural fo souvenirs the "kids" sell there. On the walls of their man to be moved sexually under proper 'stimuli all quarters and in their minds are their little shrines, their agree, but that is no argument for promiscuity. All w idols-sex organs-and their conversation is punctuated agree that it is natural for a man to want to be at he frequently with their favorite religious term of four let- with his wife and children, but in time of war we do ters. Instead of being chivalrous knights who protect appeal to the natural. There is an instinct of self-prese women and children many men in service have become tion, but the law of love, a higher law, enables one to wolves who seek merely to devour and destroy woman- "I 'only regret that I have but one life to give for hood and the home. country." It is natural to eat when hungry, but we Wo
*This article from Sunday Edition, Oran Navy News. lynch a man who drank the milk meant for a star
4 The Army and Navy Chapi
baby, It is natural to sleep when tired, but does that excuse
the man who sleeps on watch? No, it is not the custom of society to appeal to that which is most natural, society Re-churchingf the Returned appeals not to the animal but to the heroic in man. Serviceman The psychology of Christianity is that of sublimation,
of accenting the positive and eliminating the negative. By CHAPLAIN E. L. ACKISS, USN Christ knew that suppression was wrong, for such powerful instincts must have an outlet; he also knew that such At the Southern Baptist Convention, in a meettincts were meant for good. He never stooped to ing of chaplains, a former chaplain* discussed degrade such God-given instincts; rather He consecrated ways and means of interesting the returning servthem,; for that is what sublimation means, to make sublime, iceman in church attendance. He gave his expericonvert, set apart, dedicate to a higher purpose. This ence which is briefly as follows: principle applied to the tendency to fight would direct that While in the service, he found a small atnpulse toward sin, social injustice, and other enemies tendance, plenty of men available to attend, of man rather than toward one's fellow man. He would good religious facilities, but little interest. not say that a temper or the spirit of fighting is bad in Selecting a few choice men as a council, it was itself but he would say that such energies should be made agreed that church attendance "combat" teams to obey rather than control the man. would be formed. These teams met previously He would say to us today that we should control our- about 30 minutes before church time. After selves by yielding to our higher nature. Let love for your- conference and prayer, they went through the self, for manhood, womanhood, childhood, your country, available barracks personally inviting the men and for God keep you straight. Remember you have just to attend church. There was enthusiastic and won a war to protect our homes. Be strong! Protect kindly competition among the teams as to the woman even against her own weaknesses. number the teams of one to three men could Find an outlet for sex by wholesome fellowship with "bring" to church. One man brought 17. Atthe opposite sex. Find families where there are children tendance jumped to over 200%. The matter upon whom you can release your paternal instincts. I be- was worked out with increasing detail and high lieve that men who can be heroic in fighting for woman- selection of the combat units. The idea spread ood and children abroad can also be heroic in their sex through the camp to various other chapels in lives when they see the real issues at stake. the area. Christ made the body neither a demon nor a deity This same plan was tried with another camp idol), but He made it divine, a temple. He made it His with similar success. slave to serve His main purpose in life. No greater honor When the chaplain was demobilized, he could be given the human body than that God came to called in a group of returned GIs in his church, live in it (the Incarnation) to reveal his intention for each talked over the matter, and planned for similar one of us. He would say to us today, "While millions teams but with a somewhat enlarged program. have presented their bodies as dead sacrifices, present yours This program included a visit of welcome to as living sacrifices (holy, acceptable unto God)." Sex was the returning soldier or sailor with the offer to made for man and not man for sex. Do not desecrate or be of any help possible from job contacts on eify your instincts, but rather direct and dedicate them. down or up. The church council of GIs made good on this offer of help and in the visit com155 1..1..bined with the word of welcome was the general acquaintance with the men.
WHAT? First Postwar Convention. Later this man was visited by a team and W ? Te S invited to church as well as informed of the
WRE? The Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D. C. desire of the church to offer the church home, WHEN? October 23-25, 1946. etc., for himself and family if appropriate to
Wadd this. The church organized its area and
Y?Inspiration, Information, Continuation of Feb went to work with excellent results.
:' .. went to work with excellent results.
I0wship! The idea spread and the American Legion Post of that town and county invited themselves
A A R Iin on it and is busy promoting "A Go To >te :' .Church Sunday" for the whole county and area lateral on National Defense: in which the Legionnaires will form themselves
ymen ". in "combat" teams and endeavor to have a treAll clergymen interested in the promotion of a program in "combat" teams and endeavor to have a tre.... Pmendous turnout in all the churches in the area. o national defense should obtain the material put out by mendous turnout in all the churches in the area. ftieAerican Legion. Write to The American Le ion The success of all of the above is predicated a L Legion, on the assumption that the man will be, given ional Defense Division, Indianapolis, Indiana. Askomtigwti h he c e c
for broncos titled "Resmonsibility to omm something worthwhile when he comes to church.
brochures titled "Reponsibility to Community, State
and Nation" and "Answers to Questions and Objections *Chaplain George Simmons, Ringgold, Ga. arding Universal Military Training." 1l-August, 1946 5
The Assistant Looks At His. Chaplain
BY HAROLD WILLARD GLEASON
Former Sergeant, Medical Department, AUS.
SNE of the newer philosophers-an Existentialist, peculiar to army life. He is understanding, gregarious,
' perhaps-stated in a recent essay that the three great- enthusiastic-things to be expected of the clergy, I 'sup est paradoxes in modern life are the married psychoanalyst, pose, but somehow extra-reassuring in the hodge-podge the church-going astronomer, and the army chaplain. I of life in camp and field. Above all, his steadfast faithin have no loubt that this cynical sage could find, if he God and man are characteristics which endear him to the wished, many quite willing and able to contest his opinion assistant and to all his khaki parishioners, in an environof normal life as against psychiatry, and science versus ment which at best is transitory. religion; but his third imputation, that a man of God has GI Criticism and Warning: no place in the fighting forces of his country,should evoke Now, the average GI, being uninhibited by mariny of the immediate rebuttal from anyone who has had intimate taboos of a milder civilian society, is often inclined to be contact with the Chaplaincy, and who knows thereby that more outspoken-even about untouchables such as chapits spirit and work are entirely consistent with the highest lains! We have all heard accusations from time to time traditions of civilized religion. If such a defense were to that this chaplain is rank-conscious or that chaplain thebe made, furthermore, who would be better qualified atrical, this one too rowdy or that one too pedantic. Ordithan a legion of chaplains' assistants to bring testimony narily these opinions embraced individual chaplains, and that (1) army chaplains, like prison chaplains, are never as often as not were prompted by inconsequential prejuinflueniced by the immorality of their surroundings; and dices. One more far-reaching shortcoming, however, noted
(2) their splendid performance in fulfilling the religious and deplored by some chaplains, more assistants, but needs of American soldiers away from home more than mostly by the enlisted men themselves, is an ever-present justifies their military assignments? tendency toward secularism. Ingenuity and Character: Wide is the path and broad is the way that leadeth to
If I can judge from my own experience, I should say secularism amongst army chaplains. It is a pernicious inthat the average recruit entered the army with an essenti- fluence, commonly progressive in effect, which almost inally hazy view of the calling of a chaplain. He knew, of variably, if the chaplain could but see it, results in a gencourse, that the chaplain was a uniformed approximation eral lessening of his own idealistic program and a iniof a civilian clergyman, and that by virtue of his training mizing of the prestige of the Chaplaincy as a whole. One he was authorized to conduct denominational religious palpable consequence of this secularism is the unfunny, services. Perhaps the rector of the recruit's home parish unproductive "TS card" myth, which, though harmless in had even directed him to look up his unit chaplain and to design, has given untold trouble and embarrassment to regard him as his friend and confessor. But beyond this the chaplain. Other examples of losing power for the vague orientation the embryo soldier knew little until he Kingdom are legion. actually fell into some chaplain's cure of souls and was Secularism: thus enabled to see the Corps in action. What, then, is this secularism? I should define it as a
For those few of us who were privileged to be chosen sustained preoccupation with a number of details which, as assistants came a swift and detailed realization of the though pertinent in many cases, do not directly concern true functions of the "M-1" chaplain. We quickly learned the office and work of a chaplain. The most obvious facet that his public appearances in the chapel and at important is no fault of the chaplain: the enormous amount of military exercises actually comprise a fraction of his duties. paper work which is heaped on chaplains of every echelon. We saw for the first time the unending stream of those Some of it, like the monthly report and the religious fund who travail and are heavy-laden pass into his kindly pres- is obviously necessary and represents a normal activity of ence for counsel, advice, and spiritual and material aid. the civilian pastor. But the great bulk of letters and requi We observed the impact on that mysterious army ingredi- sitions, reports and indorsements, should certainly be ent, morale, of the chaplain's determined, ceaseless cam- handled by competent clerical aid, leaving the chaplain paign to help his men grow in wisdom and stature, and in to make his appointed rounds and, devote himself to sPefavor with God andman. And those amongst us who cifically spiritual duties.
with God and Ad tho
served in combat marvelled at the faith first, and then A second manifestation of secularism in the Chaplain, the courage, tenacity and even ingenuity which the chap- may be seen in an undue concentration upon extraneous lain used as weapons in his own fight to impart the com- interests, whose best recommendation is that they are fort and stimulus of religion to his soldiers. "moral" or "constructive." Although AR 60-5 and othe As to the character of the individual chaplain, we as- authorities are designed to protect chaplains from such sistahnts found him almost invariably to be a superior per- distractions, there are many who apparently welcome ,adson. Like a vicar of a rural parish, his education and cul- ditional duties as special service officer, theater officer, ture make him stand out and above the crowd. His sense athletic officer and like lay activities. And since the cha, of values is well developed, a quality which stands him in lain is always considered a good "fourth" for any cogood stead in conflicts, juvenile and senile, which are mittee of other than a purely military nature, it often hap 6 The Army and Navy Chaplin
l at his availability for religious ministrations is superiors repeatedly attempt to divert or coerce him, he sharply cut. Further impositions upon the chaplain's time, has recourse to the authority vested in him by regulations such as civil relations and liaison work make deeper to brush these aside and continue to fulfill his distinct roads upon the average chaplain's time and energies, vocation. His struggle with the masses of clerical work and keep him away from his curacy, the troops, and his while in garrison is a thorn which must be pulled from ule, the propagation of faith and morals. his side by some 'future legislation, which should either Still a third evidence of this inclination toward secular- give assistants more power in property and personnel matism, which does so much to weaken the impetus of the ters or delegate them to other administrative officers. Chaplaincy upon its congregations, is found most com- When purely secular interests like these, however, occupy only among the younger, newer chaplains, who are still half a tactical chaplain's time, something should surely wed by the impersonal enormities of military channels, be done to free him for parochial duties. I know a Service ind the apparently unlimited might of the CO. It is the Command Chaplain who manages to conduct a daily servattitude of compromise and dalliance in spiritual matters. ice at Headquarters. I once knew a battalion chaplain While it is perfectly true that no chaplain should earn the who was away from his work so much he was dubbed reputation of a meddler or a guardhouse lawyer, fre- "Lieutenant AWOL." These seem to me eloquent exquently he goes to the other extreme and permits himself amples of secularism in and out of control. to be subordinated in everything he does, even in purely Perhaps in these lines I have laid unnecessary stress ofessional affairs. Among enlisted men, at least, a upon a single weakness, the tendency of many chaplains padre who is afraid or unwilling to "go to bat" for them to exploit their prophethood at the expense of their priestScases of real injustice or emergency is a marked man. hood. If so, it is only because this characteristic of the And what is the popular opinion of a chaplain who allows military ministry is its most obvious deficiency. I should callous or immoral lectures to be given in the sex morality never wish to let this prejudice obscure my own admiaourse; who looks smilingly on as unit commanders im- tion, nor that of thousands of other assistants, for the great pedetheir men from attending regular divine services; or body of saintly men whom we have seen working and ho obeys injunctions from higher headquarters (I have sacrificing, not as paradoxes to a religion of peace and read one, such directive) to preach a Sunday sermon on brotherly love, but as living proofs of the power and truth the subject "Encouraging Your Sisters to Join the WAC"? of that religion. To us assistants, the comrades and sons, Religion First: has come the ultimate knowledge of the high calling of
The alert, determined chaplain, I believe, can avoid the Chaplaincy. We can never forget that the inspiring any of the pitfalls outlined above by a firm; straight- motto "Strong in the strength of the Lord, they do not forward policy of putting first things first. When con- march alone" is not merely ~a wall ornament, but rather flicts occur between routine affairs and an opportunity to a bright banner of triumph which has led our beloved accompany his men on a road march or conduct an im- chaplains to spiritual victories beyond the count of statpromptu service, his course should be clear. When his isticians and above the irony of agnostics.
K A New Chaplain History
By CHAPLAIN ROY J. HONEYWELL
HE general history of the chaplaincy in the American All chaplains are invited and requested to send factual ATrmy is taking form but will not be ready for publi- accounts of their significant experiences to the Historical ation, for some time. A project of more immediate inter- Officer in the Office of the Chief of Chaplains and to add est to chaplains who served in World War II has been un- serious comments or criticisms of anything related to their dertaken by the Office of the Chief of Chaplains. This is work. Such raw materials will differ in practical value, an operational history of the Corps of Chaplains during but the item which seems trivial by itself may take on new this war. If the really important source rdaterial can be importance when related to other facts. Some chaplains found, this work will be of great value to all chaplains and may be unwilling to have their names used in connection have wide public interest, with facts or comments which they may submit. Such ref course, the normal records and archives are avail- strictions, if clearly stated, will be respected, but it is able, but this history will fall far short of its highest value hoped that anonymity will seldom be necessary. Even uess the author can have the benefit of the experiences with this limitation, the facts or opinions may be helpful. Of chaplains in the field and of their opinions on a score If this history is to become the great work it should be, o administrative and other problems which were related giving the true picture of religion in the Army and helpfo their work. Some chaplains had difficulties while others ing future chaplains adapt themselves to Army life, it enjoyed very happy relations with other officers or the vari- will be through the helpfulness of a host of chaplains who ous agencies with which they had dealings. Some solved have had experiences and who have opinions and are their problems by ingenious and instructive means. Some willing to share these for the common good before their olved methods and policies which would be useful to memories are dimmed by the haze which so often comes may of their colleagues in similar situations, with the passing of the years.
ugust, 1946 7
Chaplains Found Them
By JOHN OLIVER NELSON, Ph.D.
Director, Commission on the Ministry, Federal Council of Churches
Dr. Nelson here presents a brief statement of a most vital program of procurement-the procurement of ministers for the civilian church. He very modestly does not mention the splendid work he and his office are doing in contacting each of the many individuals who have expressed their interest in the ministry as a lifework.
M ANY a church in years ahead can thank Army and Contrary to what many civilians have thought, few of
Navy chaplains for its pastor. For as the final out- the decisions for a church vocation were actually prompted come of a historic program of referrals is studied, it is by combat or war experience. For most of the men, th plain that Protestant chaplains did crystallize and record long silences and steady routine of military life gave ai decisions for the ministry in a way which was strategic opportunity for continuous thought which had been de and creative. As the returns are now in-so far as tangible nied them in previous years of schooling and work returns can be considered-the project is seen to have been thought about the largest goals of life, about the limited an inspired one. scope of their vocational careers thus far, the transient
As every chaplain knows, the plan was evolved by the of human affairs in general, and so forth. It was as a General Commission on Army and Navy Chaplains, to result of such thoughtfulness that their decision for th6 record and send in the name and other data about each ministry arose-rather than in the heat of battle or as the Serviceman under a chaplain's charge who was planning outcome of sudden visionary experiences. In general, the on the ministry after his discharge. The response was far war decisions for the ministry which were made by men beyond the expectations of anyone who helped develop the of ability and training have been shown to be solid and idea. To date 3,979 names have been sent in and a few completely realistic. It is particularly great gain that are still arriving every month from chaplains in various these were recorded while such men were still in service, quarters of the globe. and that adequate follow-up was provided very soon.
WHAT SORT OF CANDIDATES? A SIGNIFICANT STEP
As the General Commission referred the names to re- Not only was this the sole example of a thoroughgoing spective denominational headquarters, letters began to go approach to vocational decisions for postdischarge li out to the servicemen from church leaders. Then as all but it was the beginning of interdenominational Protes the names were given to the newly formed Commission tant enlistment activity for the ministry which promis on the Ministry of the Federal Council of Churches, semi- great possibilities. In both points, this referral program naries were sent the lists, and each man also had a letter may be suggestive for future referrals in even wider fields. from the new Commission. One result was that many of The fact is, that there is no reason intending ministers the men were virtually deluged with mail regarding their should be sought out and encouraged any more than decision and their plans for further study. But the major intending doctors or lawyers or social workers, or those result was that despite the dislocations of war and the looking forward to any specialized profession. Military uncertainties of the future, almost every man was followed demands have made it advisable to test and know a man's with the concern of the Church with a thoroughness un- skills for assignment while he is in service-but very little precedented in history as he considered the ministry as a concern is shown for his continuing preparation, whie career. still in uniform, for civilian work ahead. If the chaplain
To be sure, many a hopeful whose name was faithfully is to deal with "the whole man," this principle of dealing sent in has proved unlikely as a prospect for the.ministry. with his vocational future touches a vast area of concern A large proportion were officers, but a large proportion Possibly the experiment of seeking out men interested i also were men whose education thus far was woefully the ministry may lead in future years to similar vocationl slight, and who were borne down with vocational ques- programs for other professions, carried out either by tionings about their future as civilians. One frank South- chaplains or by other officers. This program has been suc erner wrote to the Conmission on the Ministry that upon cessful enough to indicate the real promise of such service arriving back home he had decided not to enter the min- among military personnel in war or peace. istry after all, as his education was slack, and because "I On the other hand, the historic outcome of the program found my business here at home better than I was expect- in Protestants joining to set up an interdenominatioal ing"! One of the larger denominations has estimated Commission on the Ministry has put the churches in sp that almost half of the servicemen referred in this pro- cific debt to the Chaplain Corps in this past Var. Fo gram are really unsuitable as ministerial timber-but it is some denominations, there has beqn only desultory enlistgrateful to have the other hundreds of names which do ment for the ministry; in others, there has been informed. represent promising candidates. (Continued on page 32)
8 The Army and Navy Chaplai S. 7 D , t: :!t : ::.." : < > L .7 7 9 <
Chaplain Luther DK Miller, Chief of Army Chaplains, congrat ulates Chaplain Alfred C. Oliver, Jr. (Retired), upon the re ceipt of the Legion of Merit. It is of interest to know that the picture in the background is an oil presented by the Salvation Army to the Chief of Chaplains.
Citation for Legion of Merit
Chaplain (Colonel) Alfred C. Oliver, Jr., rendered ex- paign problems, including burial supervision, spiritual and ceptionally meritorious service on Luzon, Philippine Islands, moral welfare, betterment of living conditions, and the from 12 March to 9 April 1942 as Chaplain, Headquarters, improvement of morale under most trying conditions. Luzon Force. He exercised superior judgment and re- The contributions Chaplain Oliver made were a vital facourcefulness in the performance of many difficult cam- tor in the protracted defense of Bataan.
. ~protracted defense of Bataan. ",T [
Miss Chamberlain, Chaplain*
In the blue-clad ranks of the RAF, the chaplains have London, became Squadron Officer Chamberlain, the RAF's always been men. Even when the Women's Auxiliary Air first woman chaplain. rorce was born in June 1939-twenty-one years after the "When something like this happens," says Miss Chamoyal Flying Corps became the Royal Air Force-no berlain, "people think it's odd. But the Congregationalist woman was commissioned to lend spiritual guidance. On Church has had women ministers for more than twenty March 27, 1946, tradition was broken: The Rev. Elsie years, so there's nothing strange about it." Although Miss Chamberlain, 35-year-old Congregationalist minister of Chamberlain is technically a WAAF, she will minister to
*Pub :" o... men and women alike .
published by permission Newsweek Magazine. men and women alike. (Conined on page 28)
..y.August, 1946 .. 9
For Murderers Only*
By NORMAN COUSINS
This article by Norman Cousins should sear our souls. Can we not repeat the words of the General Confession, "We have left undone those things which we ought to have done, and we have done those things which we ought not to have done, and there is no health in us"?
"Escape after any period of tension is as natural as it to blame. In a democracy, the individual enjoys not only is necessary. But escape needs no champion these days- the ultimate power but carries the ultimate responsibility There is little point in attempting to deodorize what is Unpleasant as it is to have to answer for the avoidable happening in America today by calling it escape. It is diffi- deaths of countless millions in Europe, India and Chin, cult to find any name for it; but the overriding charac- each individual American today must be assessed with his teristic is a supreme insensitivity to the real world. . full portion of the blame..
We, the people of America, are responsible for the "Most Americans eat more in one day than most Eur inurder of upward of 20 million human beings during the peans eat in one week. . We are spending more during last few months. We had it in our power to save these a day on horse races than on food shipments abroad dur human beings but we let them die. We had all the infor- ing an entire month. . Our nylon lines form an awmation we needed last October. . yet as late as last ward contrast with the lines of thousands of Chinese month we were still engaged in the bizarre game of fact- waiting for the privilege to lie down in wooden coffins to finding. die. .
"Now that we are drenched with facts, now that we can "The issue and the graves are still open. Every week hardly see the starving for the statistics, what are we the death toll mounts, as does the guilt of the murderers. doing? Have we committed ourselves to an adequate Only an immediate and complete mobilization of Amer national policy of sharing? Have we limited by law our ica's resources-a mobilization for mercy comparable in, own food consumption? Or are we more concerned about size and intensity with the mobilization for war--a toadying to voters before the fall elections? begin to cope with the problem. The effort will not be
"It would be a mistake to believe the officeholders are easy or the cost cheap; but it can never be so high as the
*Printed by permission of the Saturday. Review of Literature. cost of a continued anesthesia of responsibility."
Navy Motion-Picture Project
FFICIAL approval has been given for a morale edu- mental and emotional health are more difficult to maincation film series, the content of which will be the tain, especially in the face of the increased hazards an responsibility of the Navy Chaplains' Division. complications confronting men today.
These pictures will be designed to dramatize "decency" It is felt that the educational, recreational and religio and the underlying values of American life. They will be opportunities offered by the Navy can be further improve. 20-minute short subjects, in the form of modern parables, and implemented by a series of motion pictures whi and will be distributed as part of the regular "film-fare" would (1) interpret and explain various influences which of the Navy. mold the character and behavior pattern of the individual
Chaplain Monroe Drew, Jr., USNR, has been desig- and (2) inspire and bring the audience, individually an
:7~~ Pir consiJ : () P: stent allegiance to "decec" united as technical adviser for the project, and will work collectively, to a more cOnistent allegiance to "decen closely with members of the Naval Photographic Service and "morality" as defined from the broadest possible poit and commercial film producers to insure inclusion of ap- of view. propriate subject matter. While treatment will not be confined to the use of one
Three months of research and investigation concerning technique in these pictures, present plans indicate that the possibilities of such a project have just been completed cast of four or five professional character-actors, will by the Chaplain's Division. Interviews with authorities in chosen who would represent a good cross section of per-i the visual education field furnished practical advice and sonality-types among Navy enlisted personnel. Their encouragement. Negotiations are now under way for the lationships one with another, and with their general assignment of script writers and film producers, as the vironment -ill be pictured as they face "real-life" sita pictures will be made with the use of civilian facilities tions in which major moral issues will be raised. under Navy contract. Subjects such as "Personal Integrity," 'Jungle La
SThe Navy is properly proud of the way in which the vs. 'Golden Rule,' ""Continence," "Temperance, .physical factors of "morale" have been taken care of, but (Continued on page 30) 10 The Army and Navy Chaplii
It Happened at Pearl Harbor
By J. P. FORSANDER, Chaplain, U.S.N.
were killed in the turret and near by when this bomb crashed through the turret.
In a letter to Chaplain Drury, former Editor of cahdtruhtetre Sa letter to Chaplain Drury, former Editor of The final report on the number of heavy projectiles the Army and Navy Chaplain, Chaplain For- hurled against our ship indicates that seven torpedoes were sander tells in simple, unheroic terms the tale P .
fired at us; six hitting the ship and exploding. In addition of the attack upon Pearl Harbor as he witnesd at. We h a url io as ext-t to these seven torpedoes, two heavy bombs were dropped messed it. We have published it in extract. on us, plus many incendiary bombs and much machine-gun fire.
About fifteen minutes after the attack, I heard voices
REPORTED aboard the USS West Virginia 28 No- coming from in back of where I was standing. This wa, member 1941, after six weeks' effort to procure trans- shortly after the USS Arizona had blown up. I had a nation to take me to Pearl Harbor. grandstand spot for this terrible sight, and the concussion On the morning of 7 December, 1941, just ten days after from this explosion far exceeded the direct hits made o arrival in Pearl Harbor, I was dressing and about to go our ship. The voices referred to were the voices of ~a
Ipadoo'o my Thekast voicesh refersed towr h ocso
the wardroom for my breakfast, when the USS West young ensign who had come'out on-the same transport ginia was hit by the first torpedo. The impact this tor- with me, plus three enlisted men. They were in the act of o made was scarcely more than had a five-inch gun releasing a life raft caught in the superstructure of the b fired in the vicinity of where I was standing. ship. They were on the inside and unable to get out; I was several minutes before I was fully aware of the was on the outside attempting to free the raft from the acthat we were under attack by an enemy. I did not place where it had become wedged. After some minutes ize I was in danger until I looked out of the port and itwas freed and thrown over the side. Not being a swim:the water up to the level of the port, and at the same mer I decided it might be well to put on one of the life ment felt the concussion of a second hit. I was in the jackets lying on the deck near by. While doing this, the a f dogging down the port when a,third blast was heard raft began drifting farther and farther from the ship, f elt. Almost immediately after this blast, there was a and I realized I would have to be able to take more than ity rushing of water all around me. I reached for my my hitherto two strokes I had mastered. With the help use and cap, and stepped out in the passageway and of the men already in the raft, I was pulled into the raft, Barely able in the darkness to see men moving about. and we started to get away from the side of the ship. We ship's communications and lights had gone out after soon discovered that we had no paddles to help us propel second torpedo struck. I inquired what was wrong, the raft, so we began paddling with our hands. Our first was told that we were being attacked by the Japs, and objective was toreach some of the men swimming around rally started for my battle station. The ship's com- in the bay and others clinging to the various pieces of incations being disabled, it was not possible to pass the debris that had been blown off the ships. The first man I ,d over the loud-speaker system or ring the General rescued was clinging to the wing pontoon from the plane arters gong. The passageway to the port side of the knocked off No. 3 turret. This pontoon had come bouncSwas blocked by oncoming traffic of men. Unable to ing down the deck at me where I was standing, but foreh the port side through this passagewayI then de- tunately hit the coaming of the hatch and bounced off d to approach my battle station, which was forward, into the water. We were able to pick up 10 or 12 men going up the ladder to the quarter deck, and then over who were swimming around in the water near the West he port side. By the time I reached the top of the lad- Virginia. Some of these men were from our ship, the the ship had settled to the bottom of the bay, and USS Oklahoma, which had capsized, and the USS listing to port so much that the whole port side was Arizona. Shortly after our having taken these men aboard, etwater up to the barbettes. the life raft a motor, launch from the USS Dobbin apattempted to get out on deck, but was unable to walk proached us. After transferring from the raft to the use of the list of the'ship, plus the added hazards motor launch, we picked up 5 or 6 more men and then Cted by the sudden wave of planes strafing and drop- headed for the Navy landing near the Receiving Station. g incendiary bombs on the ship. I decided to take my While in the motor launch, and still in the middle of ices under the hatch cover of the ladder. This ladder the bay, the second attack by the Jap planes took place. about 4 feet from No. 3 turret. While still hanging One plane singled out our motor launch and began strafing e stanchionris, holding the hatch cover; a plane from us with machine-gun fire. Prior to this attack, I had been I altitude dropped a 1,000-lb. bomb which went busy trying to clean the men pulled in from the water. ugh No. 3 turret all the way down to the deck of the Most of them were covered with heavy fuel oil, and were ding Room, tearing one of two planes loose on the ill from having swallowed oil and salt water. I cleaned abbut 10 feet from where I was standing. For- their faces as best I could, particularly around the eyes tely this bomb proved to be a dud. I was told men and the mouth. I had all but one or two cared for when
August, 1946 11
the second attack occurred. Had it not been for the fast nothing left out of $1,700.00 worth of personal belong thinking of our Coxswain to signal the engineer to slow ings brought aboard that ship just ten days prior to th down our speed, we would have been hit by this machine- attack. Thirty years of sermonizing and gathering of ma gun'fire. By slowing down, the plane lost the range on us, terial and books, were a complete loss, but the fact my thus making his strafing ineffective, for which we were life was spared, and the blow of the exploding bombs an very thankful. It was no pleasant feeling to be lying in a torpedoes under me did not do too much physical damage prone position in the bottom of that boat, wondering I feel most fortunate to have been spared, and to have ha where the slug would hit if I was hit. But again, the an opportunity to go through the war and serve ind, guiding hand of God was manifest. places assigned me. Outstanding among these experiences After reaching the barracks at the Receiving Station, and the memory that shall linger longest is the ever inI was taken over by Chaplains Thornton C. Miller and delible picture of having been privileged to have assisted C. H. Straus, who gave me a raincoat to wear, after I had in saving the lives of some 18 or 20 men, rather than to disposed of my oily and water-soaked white uniform. Then have taken lives. a search for some additional clothing was started. A pair of socks found here, shoes there, then some dungaree pants, and finally a shirt. Later in the day, underwear and a pair of better-fitting shoes were given me. After having FROM THE Bulletin of the A.A.F. Field, Homestea, assembled this wardrobe, I turned to with Miller and Florida, J. Edmond Early, Chaplain, comes this poem tha Straus to help erect temporary hospital quarters for the wrenches the heart. We have endeavored to locate both wounded being brought ashore. This I did until the word original source and the address of the composer. May we was passed that afternoon that all West Virginia personnel be pardoned if we violate any copyright! would muster and proceed at once to the USS Tennessee to assist in helping the wounded, and fight fires. I stayed THE LATELY COME aboard the Tennessee until dark and worked with Chap- By Isadore W. Bowser lain Robert E. Miller, who had done a magnificent job all day, caring for the wounded men of his ship. Peter was tired; his very halo drooped,
When I left the Tennessee, I went up to the Naval Hos- And so the Lord bent an attentive ear;
pital on orders from my Commanding Officer to minister "It's all these fliers, Sire; I'm plumb worn out. to the Protestant men, as, there was no Protestant Chaplain Couldn't we somehow get them out of here? attached to the hospital at that time. I worked until
3 A.M., Monday, going from ward to ward and operating "They zoom, and shake the minarets of heaven, room to operating room, assisting as best I could spiritually And think it fun to break a serried rank and physically. At 5 A.M., Monday, I arose and was again Of seraphim; they hedgehop in the golden streets; making the rounds of the hospital. This routine I kept I caught them teaching Michael how to bank! up until it was noon, when I was requested by the Medical Officer in command at the hospital to supervise the burial "The ten Wise Virgins' lamps keep going out, detail at Aiea Landing, where a temporary morgue had They stir up so much breeze; and who's to blame been set u on the dock to handle the many bodies being For all that recent trouble with the Foolish Ones?" brought ashore. In the two days I stayed on this detail I Indignant Peter blushed with honest shame. helped care for over five hundred bodies, plus assist in r placing caskets in the~ large graves in the new cemetery "And Zeus reports that his Elysian Fields on Red Hill. Are all cut up with landings, and the asphodel
The reason for not continuing with this detail is because Is ruined for this season. Please you, Sire,
of orders received from the Commander in Chief of the Can't Lucifer take over for a spell?" Pacific Fleet to proceed to Honolulu to assist the Force Chaplain and the District Chaplain with the many relief The Lord looked thoughtful, watched the sunset sky, problems that had arisen as a result of the attack. I Where unregenerate new-come angels soared shared office space in the Army and Navy YMCA with In gay formations, giddy echelons, Chaplain Thomas C. Miller, with whom I worked until While old St. Peter murmured wildly, "Lord!"
7 March, 1942, when I was ordered to report to the USS Pennsylvania for duty. And then He leaned down from His golden throne
I wish to pay my personal tribute to the outstanding And straightened Peter's halo with a smile. work that Chaplain Miller did during these trying weeks, "Peter, they were all very young, you know; and were it within my power to so do, I would most We'll let them play a while!" certainly recommend him for a decoration in keeping with the devotion and loyalty and hard -work put forth by A 1A A Chaplain Miller. The work in this office later developed into assisting with the evacuation of Naval dependents, Do you want to talk with the Chief of your Branch o which was a mammoth task. Service? He will be available at the 16th Annual Con The personal loss and results of this attack on the Fleet vention of The Chaplains Association, October 23-2 on 7 December, 1941 was great, for I had absolutely 1946, Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D. C. 12. The Army and Navy Chapin
The Duties of a Transport Chaplain
By CHAPLAIN W. H. TURNER, USA (Deceased)
-be the Recreational Officer, or, in his absence, the Special
our office has come this report prepared in Janu- Services Officer. Through consultation with either or both ary, 944, by Chaplain Turner. It has been for- of these men much helpful information may be secured wairded to us from his former POE by Chaplain about available participating personnel on board and the
William J. Lineback. Chaplain Turner met with ac- kind of activity or activities which will include the reater
kind ofeoacactivi e the, grete
cidental death while serving his command aboard number of men. In addition to such valuable information the USAT President Grant when it went ashore in the the names of men qualified to act as leaders in the respecChina Straits near Milne Bay in March, 1944. Chap- tive fields of activity can be ascertained. At a meeting the lain Martin C. Poch, Office Chief of Chaplains, then Chaplain should briefly outline his set-up and appoint Senior Chaplain, Milne Bay, together with Chaplains his leaders. Great care should be exercised to secure from Hawley, Clapper, Harre and Parks, conducted the each leader the following data for the Chaplain's records: funeral. We publish this study for its. value to all a. Full name chaplains. b. Rank c. Organization to which he is attached
d. Company or Battery, etc., within that organization
The Transport Chaplain performs a threefold function. e. Cabin number or location of quarters on ship
1. He is the leader in things Spiritual. f. Field of activity to be supervised.
II. He is the coordinating director of all recreational With this data before him the Chaplain is then in a posiivite a tion to prepare and publish his schedule of athletic activiactivities. ties
,i: { : "; .. .. t ie s I'I He is the organizing and promoting officer in alley.
:::, -< .,. ... .. .. ....- 2. Parti~ci ants
social (group) activities. 2. Participants
Equipment, space-facilities and leaders are very impor1.THE CHAPLAIN As LEADER IN THINGS SPIRITUAL tant, but all those without the actual participants in athThe Chaplain is first and always a Chaplain. His work letic activities are of no use whatever. The final requisite
Th Caplin isfirsta andtalways a Caana H: : .:v : .. :risite
in any other capacity at any time mnst always be considered therefore is MEN. How are we to secure such? Three q.,, i .., :.* ,, "i i'i a 'mediums are available to-the Chaplain .. subordinate to this primary factor. His obligations as a mediums are available to the Chaplain. Spiritual Leader on board an Army Transport are many (1) Through Company or Battery Commanders
anaied. With him on board ship are men of major ana If there is one man who knows his men or who should
vaid it;itn or hiefrethen oajo and .......
minor religious faiths. It is therefore the Chaplain's re- know them he is the Company or Battery Commander. sponsibility to see to it that the necessary facilities for (2) Through your Bulletin Board eligioas worship are made available to all groups. He (3) Through impromptu participation on the spot
st: There are some men who will neither offer their names
i ii to their Commander nor sign the same on a request bul. Provide facilities, schedule and announce services letin, but who will, due to the enthusiasm generated at for the three major faiths-Protestant, Catholic, and the event itself, promptly step up to share in the same.
.h-t, e even itself, promptly step up to share in the same
Jewish. The writer has found this to be especially true in boxing.
2.Arnge a meeting of all other groups desirous of.... .
Arrange a meeting of a other groups desirous of All in all before the voyage is completed there is usually having religious services at sea. This should be done good percentage of the passengers sharing in the Chap....a good percentage ofthme passengers sharin inathe Chapearly in the voyage so that the greatest amount of lain's athletic program. Prizes are anadded incentiveto
,sric~ may be given suchsmall groups. rga.Pie r aaddicniet
service may be given such small groups. participation and should therefore be provided by the
CHAPLAIN As THE COORDINATING DIRECTOR OF Chaplain out of the financial resources in his custody. Much
ALL RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES donated material can be used.
t is e Chaplain's responsibility to provide the neces- III. THE CHAPLAIN AS THE ORGANIZING AND PROMOTING sary facilities in equipment and location for all recrea- OFFICER OF ALL SOCIAL (GROUP) ACTIVITIES tonal activities on board ship. The providing of equip Social activities aboard an Army Transport may be ,-.:: : ,Socil activites aboard an _Army Tlransport may be ent and location, however, is not enough. Men are neces- enumerated in the following manner ,. .... g :enumerated in the following manner. y. The Chaplain does not provide the men. Two groups 1. Group Games (Indoor and Outdoor)
:: 7 : *. Group Games (Indtoor and utdoor) .. en are required. The Chaplain should see to it that an adequate supply SLeaers of games (with variety) is on hand. Space, weather and Traveling with a battalion or regiment as a part of its time determine the number and type of games to be anizational set-up is a Recreational or Special Services placed at the disposal of the respective groups.
cer. These men are the keymen of the particular 2. Movies
roup 's recreational and social activity. (The social phase One of the most important pieces of equipment the gven consideration in the following section.) Transport Chaplain should possess is a Movie Projector The haplain's first contact relative to recreation should (Continued on page 15)
ugust, 1946 13
Chaplain Jim, USA
By WILLARD KREIGH*
A MOST interesting program depicting the numerous himself confronted supply the major portion of the sc
t activities of United States Army Chaplaids is broad- for the broadcasts. High on the list of problems wh cast regularly over the Mutual Broadcasting System each the chaplain handles are those of homesick youngster Sunday morning from 1030-1100 hours, EDST. The pro- anxious husbands, soldiers contemplating AWOL, gram referred to is "Chaplain Jim, USA." It is written mances and family affairs of the men in his unit, gi and directed, in cooperation with the War Department, assistance to the wounded, aiding a financially embarrassi by Frank and Anne Hummert, popular radio authors and soldier and giving spiritual comfort and guidance to producers. The Hummerts have voluntarily given of their those who seek his friendly counsel and advice. And, mi time and talent to the Government. recently, that of morale lifting.
The strains of "There's A Long, Long Trail Awind- To thousands upon thousands of soldiers, "Chapl ing" introduce the program which realistically interprets Jim" with his brotherly understanding and wisdom at the chaplaincy and helps the home folk to understand the his faith in God, is looked upon as a father. One woun functions fulfilled by the chaplains. After listening to soldier who received immense spiritual help and court such a broadcast, they gain a feeling of assurance that through listening to one of these broadcasts stated," "their boys" are being given proper spiritual care and h e's just like your father." Perhaps "Chaplain Jim daily guidance in solving problems, spiritual, moral and help all of us in solving personal problems even tho emotional. In war and in peace, the Army Chaplain has we are not serving overseas, away from home in the A only one concern-the spiritual welfare of our men in of Occupation. Or perhaps, for the listening, informat uniform. However, now that the war is over the chap ~ay be gleaned that will be of great help in bringing co lains have served so heroically on the battlefields, the em- fort and cheer to a dear friend whose husband or se phasis has been placed on building a high morale among heart is serving his country with the occupation for the members of the Army of Occupation. With more For more than three years this "regular guy" has brou leisure time at the disposal of the soldier in occupied comfort and spiritual help to so many in his weekly ra areas, he is likely to become dissatisfied and weary in his broadcasts. He has helped the anxious to know that waiting for the day to come when he .will be sent back their son, husband or sweetheart; does not "march alo home. He may become lax and assume an attitude of. His chaplain is by his side giving unselfishly of his ti indifference and carelessness. Thus, the chaplain serving and love for his fellow man, in order that he who s' occupation troops must have a well-developed religious shall be served likewise by God, through the ministers
shacipa ion Served' hyl e d hog h m and recreational program to meet the needs of men, and His gospel. .. to give expert advice andconsultation. The chaplain with a pleasing personality can exercise a great influence on these men who lead a somewhat routine and humdrum existence. 31 m iam
The popularity of the program is evidenced by the gold
loving cup presented to "Chaplain Jim" by the Alexander Allen, Dr. Garrett L., Retired Army chaplain, ~Hamilton Auxiliary;, No. 139, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Baptist. in recognition of the moral and spiritual aid given by the "Chaplain Jim, USA" broadcast. A volume of "fan mail" Ripple, Rev. Thomas F., Retired Army chaplain, Methodist.
also reflects a large listening audience.
The weekly stories dramatize the problems of men in Arnoff, Nachman S., Captain, 0520677, 9 May the service. Many parents and sweethearts of the men in 1946. 'the service back home have written letters invariably end. ing with the benediction, "God bless you, Chaplain Jim.': Germain, Adrian H., Captain, 0500729, 14 These letters of appreciation would indicate that the Apn1 1946. drama possesses a universal appeal to all faiths--Catholic, Goldenberg, Frank, First Lieutenant; 093963, Jew and Protestant alike. 'They show that fear and anxiety 22 May 1946. have been allayed and in their place an educated and en- M 1. lightened spirit of faith and courage has been established. Higgins, Joseph F., Captain, 0504032, 1 May
While the names, places, and specific incidents are 1946.
fictional, the content of these broadcasts is as real as life O'Gara, Martin J., Captain, 0520710, 1 June itself. Most of the subject matter is gleaned from actual 1946. experiences of the chaplains while serving their men. .The numerous problems with which the chaplain finds Thornton, Marville E., Captain;, 0554384, Is April 1946.
*Mr. Kreigh has worked in the Office of the Chief of Chaplains, Army,
for five and one-half years, He is a Research Analyst in Technical Infor mation Division.)
14 The Army and Navy ChC
Chaplain Clifford Merrill Drury, USNR
By CHAPLAIN MONROE DREW, JR., USNR
HE return of Chaplain Clifford M. Drury to his civil- 1933 and was called to duty in December, 1941. He served ian activities as Professor of History at the San Fran- as Assistant District Chaplain in the Twelfth Naval Discisco Theological Seminary, San Anselmo, California, trict for a time, then as Senior Chaplain, U. S. Navy Yard, brings to a close his significant year of service as Editor of Mare Island, California. Chaplain Drury became District THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN. His untiring efforts Chaplain of the Potomac River Naval Command in Washandhis deep sincerity impress all who know Chaplain ington in March, 1944, and as additional duty was given Drury personally, and much of the increased interest in the responsibility of preparing a history of the Navy Chapur magazine is due to his outstanding direction. We, as lain Corps. At the close of the war he was given a fullan Association, express our appreciation for what he has time assignment in his work with the history, and comlone, and wish him continued success in his chosen work. pleted the first of three volumes before going, on inactive Chaplain Drury is a native of Iowa duty. This volume carries the story of
n arodained clergyman of' the Prei- duy.Theaol
and an ordained clergyman of the Pres- the Naval Chaplaincy from the year byterian Church, USA. He served dur- 1778 to 8 September 1939. Work is ing World War I as an enlisted man in well along on volume two which conhe Chemical Warfare Service, U. S. tinues the narrative from the date of the Army, Chaplain Drury received his declaration of the state of national B.A. and D.D. degrees from Buena emergency to 31 December 1946. Volsta College, his B.D. and S.T.M. de- ume three, containing a biographical rees from San Francisco Theological and service record of 3,352 chaplains Seminary and his Ph.D. from the Univer- who served in the Navy from the days sity of Edinburgh. For more than four of the Revolutionary War to 31 De1923-1927, he served as pastor cember 1945, will probably be issued in f the Community Church (American) the latter part of 1947 as a government in Shanghai, China. For ten years he document. Drury' will return to Washwas pastor of the First Presbyterian ington and active duty next year to comch of Moscow, Idaho, and was 'plete this assignment.
lled to the Chair of Church History This is the' first comprehensive and and issions in San Francisco Theo- official history of the Naval Chaplaincy lo ica Seminary in 1938. ''ever prepared. A vast amount of new
Drury is one of the eminent religious Chaplain C. M. Drury material regarding the Navy Chaplains Amdrica "author:of thC aplai'n C. M. D/rury, : ... 1 istorians of America, author of the is here made available for the first time. Spaldng-Whitman-Walker trilogy,* dealing with a fas- The inclusive nature of this volume, based upon exhaustive, inating period in the pioneer-missionary history of the, research in official and original sources destines it to be'LPacific Northwest. He is listed in IWho's Who among come the standard reference in this field. It is impossible Aerican Authors, and his work.has been widely recog- to enumerate the many ways in which Chaplain Drury has
zed. ' contributed to the effectiveness of the Navy Chaplain chaplain Drury was commissioned in the USNR in Corps and the work of the Chaplains Association. Official
-recognition of his leadership was made in his appointment rhe Caxton Printers, Ltd, Caldwell, Idaho. in March 1945 to the rank of captain.
The Duties of a Transport Chaplain 3. Concerts
(Conined from page 13) In the matter of concerts the same procedure is followed as in the case of Athletic activities. Leadership and paround). The use of a 16mm is strongly recommended. ticipating personnel may be secured through regular chanStch can be secured with AC-DC operation so much the nels. The location of instrumental, vocal, dramatic and ter but, if not, the securing of a Converter is absolutely other concert-talerit is not difficult. Here again the Chapperative for functioning of amplifier. It is suggested that lain should organize and promote but not direct the presha lain ascertain type and voltage of current on entation of any concert unless he finds that his leadership is ship before making any purchase of a Projector. is imperative. Allow the passengers to carry through in e laplain should be an expert in the operation of toto their'own athletic and social activities. Musical ine machine. However, the utilizing of other qualified struments with supplementary equipment such as orpators from among the passenger personnel is more to chestrations, stands, etc., should be available to particied:. .. :pating personnel.
Ju. gust 1946 ' 15
' 4 ', x a, : m : ..: ..w v .,. .
Editorials
Congratulations! ship in thought and action. We have earned the right t d a list of the successful candidates be heard. We have behind us a great tradition. Nowv O, n page 24 is printed anlst of the successful candidates. and appointee s to the Regular Army and Navy. Te 'must sustain that privilege. Now we must pay the greater and apointees to the Rxegular Arvmy~ andNavy. The . ...
: ... ., ... ri ... n ce of spirtual and intellectual labor in order tat
Navy Chaplains have been chosen over a period of months price of spiritual and intellectual labor in order tha, and have been assigned to their posts as this goes to press. may fill the vacuum with an atmosphere of God'sway lf.Should we lose ourseswtintelmiso
The Army candidates have successfully completed a screen life. Should we lose courses within the limits of hed ar problem-filled service-world" we will do good-bu t procedure and have been tendered commissions. .
We take this opportunity of felicitating these fine rep- scope of our well-doing will be limited. We chap have the opportunity to touch and mspire the whole nation resentatives of the Chaplain Corps of the Army and Navy.
in the Name of God. We can fill the vacuum.
They are the high score men within their various com-. ~1 We are the representatives of a special power. ,
munions. They have proved themselves psychologically We are the representatives of a special "power." fitted for this unique task. In academic preparation, pro- are so recognized and privileged. And we, working wi ...... mn: ~ethe military scene, are expected to do an even geae
fessional ability, and military achievement these men have the military scene, are expected to do an even great 'ess~na ablitY an, mlit a~eveent es .more vital work, than our civilian counterparts, the ove shown themselves to be choice material. Now, and m the more vital work, than our civilian counterparts, the e worked, much harassed, and (mn great measure) under. years to come, they will have opportunity of living up to wokd,. c rat the task entrusted to them by their church groups: the task paid, civilian clergy.
i If>" "" #' hre l we are to do ths work. we-must be wiring to a of interpreting their faith to the members of the armed If we are to do this work we must be willing to forces. the price. As channels of power we must be pure metJ f .ore s g {. :: 4,'. ith n o dross As reservoirs of power we must keet hi
The editor brings this word of greeting to other candi- with no dross. As reservoirs of power we must keep vessels clean. As sounding-boards of truth we must attude dates who did not receive appointment at this time. Their s ce. A sn g a o tu w m .::_. ... q. ) 'ourselves dailyto the Sound of Truth. Let us so iterpr effort has by no means gone unnoticed. In some instance ourselves daily to the Sound of Truth. Let us so inep they have made scores fvd hose maethe Presence of God that It shall fill each void and destr bhey have made scores favorably comparable to those each ,v u o ."
: ...... .... ": :: a: each: vacuum of power.
by successful candidates. That they did not qualify may be due to the necessity of maintaining a, denominational balance required by law. Many of them will continue to serve on active duty. Others will hold their commissions "So I've Come to See the Chaplain" in the reserve and will add their influence and ability to Each one of us has had the experience of seeing so the total program that is the task of the chaplaincy. husky GI walk shamefacedly into his office, twist h We are impelled to make this further statement: cap, shuffle his feet, and blurt out something like, "Si Whether the chaplain be a Regular, Reserve, National I've never been to see the Chaplain before, but now I' Guardsman, or in the Veterans Administration, he is, and got to have some help." The phrase, "Here's a shiny di, must continue to be, a prophet and a priest. He is singled go see the Chaplain!" is uttered rather lightly by all mil out by his Nation, his Church, and his God to proclaim tary personnel when the going gets rough. Even we the hope of religion to this sadly distorted world. the cloth will say occasionally in jocular vein, "Son, you ,So we say to all our comrades: "God bless us, every better see the Chaplain."
one!" .Now, it occurs to us that beneath this whole approa and underlying the whole business of "kidding" the ch
Vacuum of Power lain, there is a very healthy mind-set. This indicates t An editorial, appearing recently in one of the Washing- there are times in life when the power of religion is L, ton dailies, plunged the dagger into the quivering carcass only power available to man. It is proof that the effort of a national issue. We have forgotten the gist of the edi- each individual, from private to Commanding Officef torial. But one phrase we cannot forget. That phrase was: is finite. It is evidence that people recognize the fact "A vacuum of power. after all else has failed, after civil or military law h In economics, politics, and our socio-religious relation- proved unavailing, after even the best-meaning of advi ships there too long has existed a'"vacuum of power." We is given, there is yet a man to whom the seeker can'g have permitted the Do Nots" of a secularized morality It is the admission of this fact; when the man-made to outweigh the "This Do and Ye Shall Live" of the cedures fail, thee 'is an SOP yet to be tried- eGo, s e Galilean until these "Do Nots" have been reduced to the Chaplain!" one cynical commandment: "Do Not Get Caught!" True, there are times when "seeing the chaplain" is Now is the time for urgent conviction and decisive ac-' low-level escape mechanism. An individual', after havi tion. Now, we dare no longer reduce our religious at- violated all moral law, comes to religion for an easy W mosphere to a vacuum. "No" is upon us with every out. One does find such people in the service, and demand of elemental fission. Nowis the time to-be saved, They have their reward! for tomorrow this "vacuum of power" may shatter the There is basic soundness, however, in this approach. universe in a mighty explosion.' is evidence that our nation is God-conscious, and that We chaplains have a unique opportunity to take leader- servicemen come to His representative when all else
'16 The Army and Navy Chapi
failed.. Heein is the glory of the Chaplaincy-that men Each reader of this page is a marked man. By his calling shall continue to say-"I've done all else I can. Now I've he is a person of high standing in his community. He is a come to see the Chaplain." man who has succored men in their direst hour of need, Pand who has comforted loved ones who have lost happiness, and sometimes hope. He cannot avoid his responThe Watch Changes and the New Guard Mounts sibility-the task of calling his people to a new way. He One year ago our journal carried an editorial "A New must teach his parishioners, be they in the armed forces or Crew Takes Over." In nautical terms the Editor told of in civilian churches, that religion is vital to the great changes that had taken place-that Brasted and Goodyear decisions of life. had handed over to Drury and Weber. During this past twelve months Weber has been called to the Veterans Administration and Drury has recently returned to his, On Vision High professorial chair at San Anselmo. So again we have a (he flowing poem was rten byLieutenant Cm change of personnel with Drew and Elsam at the tiller and (The following poem was written by Lieutenant Coi in the chartroom of the good ship "Chaplains Association." mander John Andrews who, at the age of twenty-five, was
The watch has changed, but the ship sails on. The new one of nine who lost their lives ma bombing accident
guard mounts but the corps carries through with its ulti which occurred on 4 April 1946 at Culebra Island, Puerto
d os. b Rico. Lieutenant Commander Andrews was a pilot and ane who found dlght i music and poetry The messagepos Your editors come and your secretaries go but the work one who found delight in music and poetry. The message of the following p oem reveals the spiritof a -teat soul. of the Association goes on forever. (We paused a moment of the following poem reveals the spirit of a great soul to consult Honeywell, our literary authority, to be sure that His body lies buried in Arlington National Cemetery. A Tennyson's babbling brook really did accomplish some- tree was planted min his memory in the center of an unthing. We were assured that it finally joined a river and improved plot on the corner opposite the Protestant resumably, flowed into the sea.) So, we suppose, the As- Chapel at the Naval Air Station, Norfolk, on April 10th 'sociation, gathering influence and vitality as our chap- with appropriate ceremonies.) lains see their duty and do it (two bucks, please), will To soar aloft a man must dream, tay~lo erenly e'te itsorgaizai~n~ bans ,To soar aloft a man must dream, some day flow serenely between its organizational banks . to the sea of Final Fulfillment. His mind must climb, his soul must seem
Gentlemen! The ship is under your orders. But we need To home above the clouds in quest
Genteme! Te sip i Buwe eedOf heaven's bed to make a nest. a cargo of ideas. The corps is ready to guard the spiritual Of heavens bed make a nest. elfare of the nation. But we must have your articles, and Should not the. pleasures of his soul membership.
beship. Be gained from God's bestowing bowl Of life, the place where he was born
Religion and the Great Decisions of Life And not on high at early morn?
With great decisions being made in the political, economic, and scientific areas of life it has taken the action Why then should man forsake his home, one hundred and sixty-one natives on Bikini Atoll to To make the sky his field to roam; teach humanity the lesson that great decisions should be To leave the earth at bay; intent, nI trolled and guided by religious motives. In awe of nature's monument? In this journal we have printed a photograph of the
Religious Council of the Bikini Islanders gathered in I know why, for I've explored conference to consider the issue placed before them by the Above the clouds; alone I've soared united States-namely, would they voluntarily sacrifice And tasted of the morning sun
eir atoll-home to a great scientific experiment. True it When day on earth has not begun. ay be that other and more material considerations inuenced their final decision. But it is nonetheless true The right to breathe the rarest air, that they approached their problem from the religious bias To climb and glide, with stars I share aid came to a humanitarian decision. 'At dawn and dusk from heaven near To commend their sacrifice would seem pedantic. His- The beauty of the stratosphere.
will write the full value of their contribution. This,
however, is our privilege: that we point the lesson to our
people that religion played a large part in their decision. Canal Zone Chaplains Plan Organization g V -", Canal Zone Chaplains Plan Organization
eligion must play a larger part in all decisions the
lized world is making. For religion teaches that Under excellent leadership of Chaplain Kenneth M.
selfish-interest" cannot be placed above national, or Sowers the chaplains in Panama are organizing a Chapx an weal; and that the teachings of the Almighty over- lains Association. Of the twenty-four Army-Navy Chaprue the demands of class- or race-prejudice. Religion alone lains in the Zone twenty have sent in their membership an convince a careless world that "we are our brothers' dues for 1946. Of these many memberships are new. The epers" 'and that "the Kingdom of Heaven" is truly "at Chaplains in this area are working for a 100% memberand." ship club.
My-August, 1946 17
The Chaplain in the Army Air Forces
N March of 1942 there was established within the was to give to chaplains specialized instruction in those Headquarters of the Army Air Forces the Air Chap- things peculiar to Air Force personnel arid at the same lain Division. It was from this Division that the super- time to impress upon the chaplains their full responsibility vision and direction of the Chaplains' program within the as spiritual leaders. In conjunction with this training of AAF was to emanate. The AAF was on the threshold of the chaplains there was also established a course for te a rapid expansion from a very small force of men and training of chaplain assistants, for the purpose of estab planes to one of the largest and best equipped Air Forces lishing a greater degree of efficiency in their work of asin the world. It had early been determined by General sisting the chaplain in his duties. Twelve hundred chap H. H. Arnold, Commanding General of the Army Air lains and nine hundred chaplain assistants successfully Forces, that religion and the chaplaincy must have a very completed the course of instruction during the year i definite place in the plan and organization of the AAF if which the school was in operation. Chaplain assistants it were successfully to accomplish its mission. The Office who completed the course of study were placed under the of the Air Chaplain was established on the Air Force Staff administrative control of the Air Chaplain for assignment, in order that religion and the chaplaincy might produce Present plans contemplate the re-establishment of such a the most effective influence. The chaplain designated as school for the advance training of chaplains and the train"Air Chaplain" and charged with the supervision of the ing of additional assistants to serve with the Interim and work of the chaplains in the AAF was selected by the Postwar Air Force. Commanding General of the AAF with the coordination On 9 March 1942, Chaplain (Col.) Harry C. Fraser was of the Chief of Chaplains. ordered from the Headquarters AAF Combat Command
T-he duty -of the Air Chaplain was established as advisor to the Headquarters,- Army Air Forces and assigned to to the Commanding General on all matters pertaining to duty in the Office of the Director of Base Services as the' religion, morality, morals, and character building with Air Chaplain. Within a few months Chaplain Fraser was the supervision and administration of the chaplains' pro- transferred to the Office of the Chief of Chaplains to begram within the AAF and the procurement from the Chief come the Chief of the Air Liaison Division of .that office. of Chaplains of adequate personnel to meet the needs of Chaplain (Captain) Charles I. Carpenter was ordered into the AAF. The Air Chaplain recommended assignment of Headquarters AAF as the replacement for Chaplain Frase, chaplain personnel within the AAF and implemented such and became the Air Chaplain as of July 28, 1942. Chap. policies of the Chief of Chaplains as pertained to the AAF. lain Carpenter served in the Headquarters of the AAF in Adequate training for chaplains and chaplain assistants the capacity of Air Chaplain until January 1945 at whic on duty with the AAF was directed by the Air Chaplain's time he was ordered to the European Theater to become Office and, in order to further carry out the mission of the Staff Chaplain for the United States Air Forces in Europe Office, the Air Chaplain staff visited commands and bases Chaplain (Col.) Gynther Storaasli, who had been the within the Zone of Interior and overseas theaters. Con- ,Director of the Chaplain Transition Conference Course stant contact was maintained with civilian religious or- at San Antonio, Tex., was, thereupon, ordered into Headganizations, effecting the most cordial relationship possi quarters AAF to become the Air Chaplain. In December ble, in order that the complete function of the Church in 1945, when Chaplain Storaasli was named the Comthe AAF might reach a successful culmination. mandant of the Chaplain School at Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga. T he multiplicity of duties and responsibilities of the Chaplain Carpenter was recalled from duty with the Air office necessitated a staff for the Air Chaplain in the per- Forces in Europe and again became the Air Chaplain. sons of the Deputy Air Chaplain, the Chief of Assign- The present organization, together with personnel on ments and Records Branch, and the Chief of Planning and duty in the Office of the Air Chaplain, is as follows: Training Branch together with adequate civilian and en- Air Chaplain-Chaplain (Col) Charles I. Carpenter
Air C... .... .. p a. (Co. Charles 1. Cart er.
listed personnel to perform the necessary clerical and Deputy Air Chaplain-Chaplain (Lt. Col.) Constantin office, work. Through the cooperation of the various Di- E. Zielinski. visions and Sections of Headquarters, AAF, the Air Chap- Chief of Assignments and Records Branch-Chaplair lain was able to implement an adequate and effective (Maj.) Charles W. Marteney. program down through all echelons of command. This Chief of Planning and Training Branch-Chaplain program has effectively contributed to the successful ac- (Maj.) James F. Patterson. complishment of the mission of the Air Forces and the
chaplain has come to play his part in the smooth working AAF Team.
. TOP-RANKING SPEAKERS, CIVILIAN AND
Time brought to light the need of specialized and intenive training for chaplains on duty with the Air Forces. MILITARY, will appear at the sessions of the Chapsve training for chaplains on duty with the' Air Forces i ains Convention in October. Pan your work "so ta. The Air Chaplain established a course of training known s Convention October. Plan your work so tha t gyou ma be on the receiving end of this great gather, as the Chaplain Transition Conference Course at San you may be on the receiving end of this geat gathe Antonio, Texas in June 1944. The purpose of the course ing. And plan, too, so that you will take part in the
_____free discussion groups, denominational and service, that
*Prepared in,the Office of the Air Chaplain. will feature the meeting.
18 The Army and Navy Chaplin
Compulsory Church Parades Abolished
By HUGH MARTIN*
T was recently announced in the House of Commons But it goes deeper than that. Men naturally objected to that church parades in the British Army and the Royal being made to attend a service which for some of them Air Force were no longer to be compulsory. At first sight meant little or nothing. Many went in a spirit of sullen it may seem strange that this announcement should have resentment. Those who had no religious interest in civilian been widely welcomed in most of the religious press and life are little likely to acquire it through attendance at in church circles generally. While some have shaken their worship under compulsion. heads, there has been widespread agreement that the It is clear from the Secretary of State's announcement change will be in the interests of true Christianity. that provision will continue to be made for those who deCertaily the decision was not taken or advocated in any sire to worship, in accordance with their convictions. Parspirit of hostility to religion, or even because of any feel- ticularly welcome was his declaration that he intended ing that it is unimportant. The resolution, which was to encourage the development of "Padre's Hours," ofbacked by nearly two hundred members of all parties in ficially known as Religious Instruction Lessons. These te ouse of Commons, was moved by a practicing mem- informal opportunities for religious education and free er of the Church of England. Most of those who sup- question and discussion have been one of the most enported it in the debate emphasized that their concern was couraging features of the chaplains' work during the war. for religious freedom and reality, and there was little in They are something new in army life and in the hands of te general tone or even in the details of the discussion to the right man have provided a fine opportunity and one which Christian people could take any exception. It is to which many soldiers have responded. In the free give testing to note also that Mr. J. J. Lawson, the Secre- and take of the discussion the chaplain is often able to get tary of State for War, who accepted the spirit of the to grips with the real difficulties of the men and to remove proposal on behalf of the Government, is a Methodist their misconceptions. cal preacher. Several of the speakers in the House of Commons, While unable for technical reasons to accept the precise speaking from their war experience, paid cordial tribute form of the resolution, Mr. Lawson announced that in to the work of the chaplains. Whatever the reason, there due time steps would be taken "to cancel or modify'those is a good deal of evidence that they did a better job this paragraphs in the King's Regulations which provide for time than in the First World War. The large proportion
compulsory church attendance." There were special occa- of casualties among them, and the number of distinctions sions of national or regimental celebration when the regu- they gained, including several Victoria Crosses, speaks for ato should still remain in force. Emphasizing the Gov- the courage with which they carried out their duties. They ement's concern for the spiritual welfare of the troops, shared the hardships and dangers of the troops. When, he Minister declared his belief that religion could not for example, the commandos went into action their chaplourish in an atmosphere 'of compulsion. Compulsion lains went with them. At Dunkirk and during the evacuawas not ultimately in the interests of the churches them- tion from Crete several chaplains refused to embark for
selves, nor did it help the work of the chaplains. It also safety and insisted on staying behind with those who had iolved a lack of due regard for the individual rights of to remain. officers and men. The proposed changes were, he said, Talking about the attitude to religion of the British te result not of indifference or hostility to religion but Army in Tunisia and Sicily, a war correspondent said that Of a desire to make religious observances more sincere many men who were outspoken critics of the churches and and therefore more real. of parsons would make exceptions of their particular There is no doubt that this announcement will be gen- chaplains. They were brave men indeed, he said. It would lywelcomed by the men and women in the Forces, be easy to multiply such testimony. Anything that will , . ..remove obstacles from their path in attempting a most ad in these days of citizen armies a cross section of the remove obstacles from their path in attempting a most, n .... .. ~difficult task is to be welcomed .. .....
tire nation is involved. Probably most chaplains will be difficult task is to be welcomed.
Th eol o rian r roud of their tradition o
no less cordial in agreeing. They will be infinitely happier, The people of Britain are proud of their tradition o ad more able to do their real work, with a smaller con- religious liberty, and the mover of the resolution .was creation of men who are attending because they really surely right when he said that in a democratic society adult
t to worship. It is most unfortunate that religion citizens should be free to worship or not to worship as
should be associated in the minds of soldiers with what they chose, and that any other principle would be in
tbest, for some of them, a merely formal business and harmony with the totalitarian practices we had been fghtat worst positively irksome. ing to destroy.
is relly a understatement It s probably true This is a principle of Christianity no less than of deThat is really an understatement. It is probably true at nothing in army life caused more genuine annoyance mocracy. The churches have been untrue to their ow
S p : c creed when they have sought the aid of civil compulsion. an compulsory church parades. In part this was due to .Ms o them I ", l, t l et f polish" M w te Most of them long ago learned that lesson, and many
demand for "spit and polish" associated with them.
Si Christians have been advocating for years the step that
*Managing Director and Editor of the Student Christian Press, Ltd. has now been taken. Worship that is not freely offered
grgDrctor and Editor of the Student Christian. Press, Ltd. .
ondon). is no worship at all.
Jy-Auust, 1946 19
N ;?g : ''1?: c >, "sj : ;'< .2; : ":i
Altar Built By American POWs
VI
'14
4: il 1 1 1
American Prison Camp Chapel-Stalag XVII, Krems, Austria
"The Citadel of Brotherhood*
There was no temple for our Lord And comrade genius at our side
When we were banished to this place Created brushes out of hope
Of soldier-exiled. Yet we saw To paint the Cross where Jesus died.
Within the barbs His lovely face. So we have taken much of Faith
So we saved the precious wood And little of a common wood
Of crates from home and scraps of tin And nailed them crosswise, fashioning
And built on sands of solitude A Citadel of Brotherhood.
A House where God might enter. And divers creeds and various faiths
We laboured long in lengthy days Commune before the kindred rail For here the free democracy
*This poem has been sent to us by an unknown chaplain. We conjecture f God flows from a common Grail. that the author, "Stebbing," was an inmate of this POW Camp. Information will be appreciated.-EDITOR, -STEBBING.
Make Your Plans NOW to Attend the Chaplains Convention
October 23-25, 1946
Send In Your Reseroations Early
20 The Army and Navy Chapi I
Triptychs
By CHAPLAIN MONROE DREW, JR.
the custom for friends and well-wishers to present them with handsomely carved ivory diptychs or triptychs, twoor three-part hinged writing tablets waxed for the impression of the stylus. The early Christians adapted these luxury items to their own needs, using carved ivory covers for their Scriptures. The triptych, enlarged, became an altar painting which could easily be moved about in the catacombs for surreptitious worship.
"Triptychs have played an important part in the 'visual education' provided by the Church through the centuries.
"The furnishing of triptychs by the Citizens Committee called for much organization and judgment. No intensive drive was made for the gifts. The Committee sought merely to interest individuals, churches, corporations, and clubs in the project and left the collection of funds up to E theme of the triptych illustrated was suggested by them. Original triptychs average $400 in cost.
HEtee of therriptych mrae was suggested by .,. <-.
M. Drury, USNR, and was painted by Many in individuals wished to give triptychs as meC, ., M. Darury, USNR,; andt was painted by ., > .:: : ...
h.alain TulkC. A hi s a morials. Corporations dedicated them to their fellow Ifred Tulk. Although Mr. Tulk has workers in the service. Some churches and parishes retriptychs, this one will probably become his best known, wers i th cse hu ta he a p sepre
itistbeuse asthe f c o v e t, t sented triptychs with the request that they be considered for it is to be used as the frontispiece of volume two, the Hiro fth Cpin C s U d S s a loan and returned to the donors when there was no toy of the Chaplain Corps of the United States 'Navy further need for them.
yo further need for them.
Calin C. M. Drury It was dedicated recently,, i2 ,' .,, 7 ::
Chain C. M. Drury. It was dedicated recently, "A committee of nationally known artists selected dethrough the cooperation of the Citizens Committee for the
d Na as .. agf of th Ge. signs for the triptychs. The first ones to be painted-on Army and Navy, Inc., as a gift of the Greyhound Bus Lines woo f th A a on f folo !e
,se in theNaval Chapel val R a Labor :....wood for the Army and on steel for the Navy-followed forusi the Naval Chapel, Naval Research Laboratory,
asinton, D. C atory. the crusader theme. A parallel was shown between the .',. itc medieval and the modern crusader, both fighting for their Triptychs have been of great use to both Army and faith, their freedom, and their families. However, the Navy chaplains in their work during the war. They helped trend of the paintings was gradually away from the to create an atmosphere conducive to worship, and did this crusader motif to the purely religious.
crusader motif to the purely religious. in a practical manner. It is difficult for the uninitiated to "As the work of commissioning artists to paint triptychs appreciate the problem of creating "a chapel" within a few progressed, chaplains attached to groups who would be moments aboard ship or on the battlefield. The Citizens using them offered suggestions as to suitable designs. FreCommittee for the Army and Navy, Inc., under the leader- quently, the insignia of the unit was included. An attempt ship of Mrs. Junius S. Morgan has made an invaluable was made to fit the triptych to the function of the unit contribution by providing, from December 1941 to De receiving it. The triptych by Frank Reilly at a section base
member 1945, a total of 554 triptychs to Army and Navy shows Jesus preaching from a vessel to those on shore. acivities. While this has been the main activity of the Two Triptychs for Fort Dix and Maxwell Field deal with Committee, many other remarkable services were rendered, the Archangel Michael, Prince Militant of Heaven. ncIluding the distribution of some 625,000 pictures of all "Because different faiths are represented among our types to approximately 500 Army and Navy installations fghting men, the religious themes were of necessity broad.
rou hou th orld. A gra aoiyo hs pictu.es "The, men, the religious themes were of necessity broad.(:
throughout the world. A great majority of these pictures "The Committee worked through thirty museums, and were used for decorative purposes but a large quantity in cooperation with the America Academy in Rome and were used for occupational therapy work in various hos- the American Academy of Arts and Letters to enlist paintpital Academy of Arts and Letters to enlist paint papjters throughout the country in the project. The artists, over A triptych is an altar piece in three sections, of a porta- seventy-five nationally known painters, received a token blenature in this instance. These altar paintings represent payment of about $200 for each of the triptychs." segment of the iong and interesting history of religious Chaplains throughout the Army and Navy can give
i aa T a C N grateful testimony as to the help these altar pieces have Rear Admiral William N. Thomas, ChC, USN, Chief provided. In strange and forbidding settings they furSChaplains, in an article for the Naval Academy Ship- nished a touch of beauty and peace when needed most, ate, provides much useful information regarding this and represent one of the most thoughtful and effective 'ti of art. contributions on the part of civilian organizations during en consuls came into office in ancient Rome, it was the war.
ugust, 1946 21
Canadians Conduct School of Faith
By CHAPLAIN BLAKE G. M. WOOD
Khaki University of Canada
The writer is a priest of the Church of England and is now studying in Oxford University. Our Canadian brethren have initiated a project described herein that may well be developed in the American (U. S.) scene. There are possibilities in these "retreats" that should be explored by chaplains. The article will stimulate our thinking and, mayhap, "Yankee ingenuity" can build upon this foundation and discover something even better.
CANADIAN SOLDIERS ATTEND SUNDAY Stone, M.B.E., Senior Chaplain to the 2d Canadian SCHOOL FOR FIVE DAYS AND NIGHTS. That would fantry Division, Northwest Europe. Padre Stone bec be sensational, wouldn't it? It is sensational. It has hap- Deputy Assistant Principal Chaplain (P), Canadian pened-at a manor called Wyphurst, near a village named inforcement Units in England in the spring of '45 Cranleigh, in the lovely county of Surrey, England. immediately set about the organization of the Couset
Of course we didn't call the place a Sunday School. The Wyphurst. In this he had the full support of the higl Christian Citizenship Course was the inspired title given military authorities. this venture of faith. But right and comprehensive as the There was accommodation for only fifty men at W designation was, the men and women who came, volun- hurst Manor. As soon as our boys entered this beauti tarily,; to enter upon five days 'f concentrated Christian quiet place, they began to relax. It was interesting to W teaching, went away to talk simply of Wyphurst (pro- the development, that occurred with every new gri nounced Wipurst). Perhaps they did so because the The first night of their arrival as they sat around the g dominant feeling about their experience was not that they hall which served as common room, waiting to be i had been "on course," although it was an official course viewed by the chaplain who acted as "dean," there of the Canadian Army. Lectures there had been. But signs of uncertainty and shyness. Exactly what had chiefly they had known the most vital of all comradeships, let themselves in for? But after dinner together, the the comradeship which grows out of eating, talking and lecture, and the first evening chapel, any strain there playing with those who meet to think together about the had begun to ease. From that point on the spirit of significance of Jesus Christ. place took hold. One officer student commented.
How did there come to be a School of Faith run by the writing: "There was the utter lack of stiffness, the Canadian Army at Wyphurst Manor? We might trace its camaraderie between us all, whether private or pa inception batk to the establishment of the Padre's Hour. student or staff." Nearly every one must know about that by now. Field The recreational facilities at Wyphurst were by Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, ,always a means unnecessary extras. Having fun, good fellows staunch promoter of the chaplains' work, determined dur- getting away from the army routine, all combined to ing the North African campaign that all the men under duce normalcy and thoughtfulness. Devotions in, him should have a 'weekly period, whenever possible, with Chapel before breakfast and two lectures occupied their padre for religious instruction and discussion. Before morning. After lunch there would be volleyball long the Padre's Hour became an integral part of training lavender-bordered court or a game of baseball in the throughout the British Army and was adopted by the pasture. The whole afternoon was free until four o' Canadian Army. At home and abroad it provided chap- tea, followed by the third lecture. During that time lains with an unprecedented opportunity to teach and to men were to be found in the Quiet Room up in a.c guide discussion in the whole wide field embraced by of the house, writing or reading a book from the laym Christianity. For us Canadian padres it meant deeper theological library there. Others would be strolling a insight into how Canadian youth stood in relation to the the deep hedged lanes or across the fields by footpath Christian Faith. In training camps and in the field we stile to the big busy village of Cranleigh with its hand( came to understand better the moral confusion and spir- 13th-century church. Still others would be smashing itual immaturity of the generation that had to go to war. on the tennis court or making the air merry with splash
The Padre's Hour,demonstrated time and again what is arld shouts around the swimming pool. For rainy we commonplace, that this generation, and their parents too, there was the well-equipped games room and cantee. simply did not know what Christianity is and what it One might think that all this would have been teaches. The Christian Citizenship Course was designed tracting. Actually we found our diet well balanced. to meet the need thus strikingly revealed. Two other Army life had not been conducive to concentrated, set schools on similar lines were established on the Continent, thinking. But when classes assembled the men sho
In the forefront of those who saw the challenge to the just as much keenness as for the recreation-more Canadian Chaplain Service was H/Lieut.-Colonel C. G. F. they would have done without a variety of activity. 22 The Army and Navy Ch*a
e and discussion periods prolonged themselves far England. Then, bidding us be seated, he talked with us yond the scheduled limits, so intense was the interest. about Christ. None of us will forget the simplicity and This was the more remarkable, since men of all types deep sincerity of his words, nor the Christ-light in his a e for as many different reasons. "Frankly, I'was tired face. The Church, not only of England but of Christ d wanted a rest," one confessed. Some signed for the Universal, had come to Leatherhead to send forth two urse because they consciously wanted to tighten their Canadian soldiers to the greatest warfare of all." ip on and extend their understanding of Christianity. Many have said or written as much, though perhaps others came intentionally to prepare for full Church with less eloquence, on this or other aspects of what they membership. But all were caught and stirred by the spirit found as learners at Wyphurst. The secret of their experiSthe place and appreciative of the teaching and counsel ence is not hard to discover. It is the unerring truth that, fered them. wherever Christ is lifted up He draws men to Himself One of the things which impressed those who brought -and together. touch of skepticism with them was the cooperation and R areement 'among the padres on the staff. There were
.ree main subjects-Christian Doctrine, Introductory Heresy ble Study, and Christian Ethics-conducted by the Anc...Pre n a In ordinary talk men wil call him a heretic who departs lican Presbyterian, and United Church chaplains rectiv. Occasil ang a s.e from a certain average of Christian belief far enough to
>etiel Occasionally the staff exchanged subjects. ..
ofael denomi nations took these together. (The attract their attention. Men will speak of heresy as if it fe mn of all denominations took these together. (The..
e S were synonymous with error. It may be that the word is oman Catholics had a separate establishment.) Seminars Which students were divi. according to Church so bound up with old notions of authority that it must
lt wich students were divided according to Chaurch - ....teuterS:e
hi r background supplemented the lectures be considered obsolete, and can be of little further use.
e 'ein th evengr nd affor...ded op o tuit r And yet there is a sin which this word describes, which it these met in the evening and afforded opportunity for
I i ominational instruction and, equally im- described to Paul and Augustine and Taylor-a sin as
isictv enominational instruction and, eqalyi........ .. de, g a rampant in our day as theirs. It is the self-will of the ioranfor discusSion insmaller groups. Eastern Ortho- ., ., "
tant, for discussion in smaller groups. Eastern Or tellect. It is the belief of creeds, whether they be true or
ox, Baptist, Lutheran and Pentecostal chaplains dropped. t i t o' te b u
and Ss false, because we choose them, and not because God defrom camps scattered through Surrey andd Sussex to ae h.t
b., caress them. It is the saying, I want this to be true, of ad seminars as occasion demanded. The padres made a yn, ,"
oof seen ec o thi seir any doctrine, so vehemently that we forget to ask, Is it point of seeing each member of their seminars privately in ,, . .
.... -" - i e true?" When we do this, we depart from the Christian der to determine individual needs and give special help. ristian Story of the-rewards of this personal work would fill church, Which is the kingdom of God, and the discipleship
';;,Tesoryo the-rewarcds of this personal work would -fill _-. .;., ., ..
a volume. of Christ. With the danger of that sin before our eyes, wondr t, i, cn be si ta te vy remembering how often we have commited it, feeling its Small wonder that it can safely be said that the very
ast the men took away with them from Wyphurst was a temptation ever present with us, we may still pray with
ea t ,. th ento away wit the fro Wyphurs- was a all our hearts, "From heresy, good Lord, deliver us. iew respect and thoughtfulness for the Christian doctrine .ll our hearts, From heresy, good Lord, deliver us. f God and man, for the Christians' Book, and for the PHILLIPS BROOKS hristian Fellowship in the world. They left saying, time nd again, "Why don't we have something like this in
civvy street'" (Why indeed don't we?) Most of them A Jewish Chaplain Speaks: eft, regretfully, with fresh Christian conviction and purpose. Many who had come as dispassionate inquirers CHAPLAIN J. J. Nodel, USNR, now attached to HeadC qurtes FfthNavl DstrctNorfolk, Virgini,
remained to be baptized or confirmed as the result of the quarters Fifth Naval Disict, Norfolk, Virginia, 'ital experience and decision. makes the following estimate of his heritage as an Ameri. can citizen:
Sunday always saw the inspiring climax of our five days can citizen:
gether. The men, and on three occasions women, had Th is is the country which gave me its uniform of assembled on Wednesday afternoon. Now we knew each honor to wear; rather than the striped suit of a concenther pretty well and we each had some fresh understand- tration camp victim. g of the Christ Who had brought us together. At eight "This is the country which gave me the service num'clock there was the Anglican celebration of the Holy ber 402355 on its official records; rather than a number Ommunion and at half past eleven the Sacrament was for execution in a gas chamber or a crematory.
served according to the rite of another of the partici- "This is the country which made the Ten Commandating Churches-all welcome to either. Between times, ments and the Star of David part of its official military at the Service of Worship with Sermon, students fre- insignia and allowed me to wear it as a badge of honor; uently entered into full Communion with the Church of rather than make me wear it as a yellow badge of distheir choice. Upon occasion, the Assistant Bishop of grace. Guildford, Dr. Cyril H. Golding-Bird, would come to our "This is the country which built chapels for Jews in chapel to confirm Anglican candidates. the armed forces; instead of destroying and desecrating It was not an Anglican soldier who wrote, after attend- synagogues and temples built for the worship of God.
Sone of the Bishop's confirmations in All Saints', "This is the country that is giving my people equal Leatherhead: "He held in one hand a wooden shepherd's opportunity and representation in defense of its instiCrook such as is actually used in the sheep country of tutions."
ulYAugust, 1946 23
. .'.. .'
Bikinians Gather In Religious Conference
Commissioned In Regular Army Transferees To Regular Navy ,7 Dec. 1941 to I July 1946
MAJORS S. Rosen R. P. Kearns 7 cI 1o Jl
SJ. L. Anderton 'J. F. Shea G. R. Kennedy COMMANDERS John P. Kelly Charles W. Cliff
R. Blumenthal T. F. Shea J. N. Kessler Lloyd S. Hindman William H. Kettlitz Thomas C. Davis R. H. lumnt C. M. Smith L. W Knight FacsJ ls amn .Dl
A. V. Bradley J.MSmith T. V. Koepke Joseph E. O'Brien Francis. Klass Raymond P, De C. M. Buck C. G. Strippy G. A. Lehman Francis T. O'Leary John M. Kleckner George Felder, Jr
J. Davidson, Jr. R. P. Taylor E. M. Luettgen Joseph F. Parker Arthur M. Kuhnski James S. Ferris
W. B. DeChant W. F. Taylor, Jr. L. A. Madore Kenneth D. Perkins Robert F. McComas Charles C. Hart.
E. J. DeMarS P. J. Walsh T. J. McDonald Abbot Peterson, Jr. Joseph D. McDonald John E. Holling, G. E. Donelon H. W. Webster T. P. McHugh Raymond G. McManus Walter D. Krin J. P. Duggan H. W. Wicher A. E. McWilliams Clarence L. Moody, Jr. Loren M. Lindqt
E. W. Eanes W. G. Woods D. H. Mengel LT. COMMANDERS Leslie G. Moon Paul A. Lloyd E.E. Gibson E. A. Zund T. M. Midura Herbert C. Albrecht Julian P. Moorman, Jr. Harold A. Ma P. J. Giergerich rceil. C. F. Gunher D. G. Moore James A. Alley Thomas J. Mullins Louis H. Marc I:LC. F.abnter C. J. Murphy L. C. Habetz CAPTAINS E J O'Brien Charles D. Beatty John Novick William J. Mea R. S. Hall K. L. Ames J. A. O'Brien Max G. Beck James E. Reaves Paul F. Michel J. Z. Hanner J. D. Andrew M. R. O'Donohoe Cyril W. Best Aln R. Reed Frank R. Morto S. L. Hiebert M. W. Baumgaertner P. H. Oxnam Elmer E. Bosserman Joseph A. Reuter Algernon M. C R. A. Hill M. A. Braude D. C. Partin Matthew J. Boterse Richard W. Ricker Harry E. Owin R. M. Homiston G. J. Brennan H. C. Pennington Herbert S. Brown Henry J. Rotrige Edmund W. Pi BJ Hopson P. C. Breton E. F. Pine Herbert W. Buckingham Herman J. Schnurr Gerald H. Sarg H. E Knie J. C. Brucker W. E. Powers Joseph C. Canty Thomas S. Severtson Robert J. Scha
H Eni sR A B r y a n P T R a le y i
J. I. Koch R. A. Brnt P. T. Raeys Robert W. Coe Sidney H. Shears Harold A. Scot C. P. Malumphy C aricker F.L.Sam son John H. Craven Frank F. Smart, Jr. Earl D. Sneary
t/
C. E. McGee A.L. Cutress E. J. Saunders Ralph A. Curtis Otto E. Sporter Robert L. Stam R. M. MacLeod C. A. Dever O. E. Scott George L. Evans Marion O. Stephenson William R. Ste K. T. Melagin L. M. Durden G. C. Shaffer Milton B. Faust Lawrence C. Vosseler Jesse L. Swinso W. J. Moran E. Ellenbogen D. F. Shannon Joseph C. Fitzgerald Edwin L. Wade Joseph P. Trod F. E. Morse .E. V. Flowers A. B. Slivinski Clovis A. Frame John K. Wheaton Vernon W. Tu J. F. Nolan W.M. Frost J. W. Sparks John W. Hammons William W. Winter Robert H. Vitz
E. North Jr. F.. Hafied E.Sliman Edward C. Helmich Prescott Wintersteen George H. Wh J. C. O'Connor T. G. Hepner K. J ursto Fenelon Hewitt, Jr. Oliver F. Wiese Philip Pincus H H. Heuer H. T. Whitlock Richard H. Huff LIEUTENANTS David E. Wilk
H. H. Hee H.h~i T.initlcu
L. R. Priest J. J. Hlopko C. F. Wills Glyn Jones Henry E. Austin John A. Willia C. N. Quest G. Hutchins, Jr. U. J. Wurm William I. Jordan Paul G. Bradley Robert K. Wils J. C. Radlinski A. L. Johnson J. A. Zwack James W. Kelly George R. Brosius George A. Wr
24 The Army and Navy ChUPl
Christian Ethics in the Atomic Age
By WILLIAM H. BERNHARDT, Ph.D.
and there were great men upon the Roman throne, could DoctorBernhardt, has for years occupied the Chair not use unchecked power without misusing it. With the Theology at The Iliff School of Theology, Denver, decline of the Roman empire, the growing Catholic Church Colorado. He is at present Acting-President of this assumed control over the lives and destinies of western institution. man. Good as were the men who occupied the papal see, they could not resist the temptation to use power for repressive purposes when this power was virtually un..... checked. When Protestant clergymen had unchecked HE bomb which destroyed Hiroshima set in operation power in their hands, as was true of Calvin and John
a chain reaction in ethical thought whose consequence Knox, they, too, were unable to handle such power without e shall explore for many years to come. The first result mishandling it. Unchecked power appears to have a coras the unqualified condemnation of its use by many rosive effect upon the ethical perceptions of human beings. ristian thinkers. They asserted that the use of such a The possession of the atom bomb, then, means that small weapon was ethically unjustifiable in that it disregarded groups of persons may soon have in their hands power
Aistinction between combatant and noncombatant since which is virtually irresistible. It is the corrosive potendestroyed all life within the critical area. Furthermore, tiality of this power upon the ethics of its possessors which bme of them said it violated the "ethical law" which constitutes the central ethical problem of the new age.
stains that due proportionality must be observed be- New ethical safeguards must soon be perfected if the een the crime committed and the punishment meted out. possession of such power is not to produce men of little if Pe destruction of Hiroshima, according to this argument, any ethical perception. We may see again the rise of men ineant punishment far beyond what the city deserved. who, like Mussolini and Hitler, will use the power which the criticisms have been made of our use of the atom has come to them with utter ruthlessness. These men
b at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These are sufficient to developed political institutions which gave them undicate the nature of the first reaction of Christian ethicists checked power whose possession had results only too well O these of the new weapon. known to western man.
SThe problem of ethical safeguards is admittedly very 'iogressive Ethics:,
complex. At the international level, it requires, among The relation of ethical thought to the increasing de- other things, the invention and administration of political tructiveness of warfare follows a consistent pattern. The mechanisms whereby the power potentials of the world t reaction is this unqualified condemnation of the use, can be more or less stabilized and, to some degree at least, few weapons or new methods of warfare. This is fol- equalized. This is the problem now before the various oed by a qualified acceptance of the new weapons under conferences of the United Nations. Whereas this is a I en circumstances. Finally, the ethical thinker seeks to matter of great importance, it must never be forgotten that
vep an ethic adequate to the new situation. We are, political situations are extremely dynamic. Fluctations in n in the first stage of this chain reaction. It is not such areas are so frequent that for the present at least, it iicult to predict the arguments which will soon be used is hardly safe to trust the future of mankind to such provide a qualified justification for the future use, or mechanisms alone. dreatened use, of the new weapon in the attempt to save
umanity from threatened disaster. In defense of this Responsible Power:. sition, it should be observed that the goal or end of This gives rise to a second type of safeguard, namely,
a effort is normally the primary ethical consideration. the maintenance of sufficient military strength by every t the same time, we need to remember that the ultimate country to enable it to resist aggression and avoid conof he ethicist is the development of an ethic which is quest even though the costs be very high. This is an ethical equate to the demands of the new day. safeguard based upon fear, the fear of retaliation which
Inhced Pwill keep some evil men from plunging a country into
xh c e Power: .-. .w a : Z~ i a
Powh :war. The final problem, from the ethical and religious
The ethical problem posed by the discovery of nuclear point of view, is the development of men who can resist ssion and the production of the atom bomb may be viewed the subtle temptations inherent in the possession of power. another phase of mankind's age-old attempt to use It means the development of men who are, in W. E.
ethically. Unchecked power inevitably becomes ir- Hocking's interesting phrase, "unpurchasable men." It is rponsible power, 'and irresponsible power is but another to this problem, the development of an ethic for the new
for evil power. When the Roman emperors had age, that we now turn.
ally unchecked power over the lives of the inhabitants The ethic for the new age is in essence an ethic of rethe ancient Medit'erranean world, this 'control made sponsible power. Mankind has come into possession of
arrogant. Some of the great men who ruled Rome, the secret whereby almost incomprehensible power is now -August, 1946 25
available to it. This is true, whether we welcome it or not. end, then the use of atomic energy by democracies Once the secret of nuclear fission was discovered, atomic the enhancement and preservation of life is also justifi power became a primary factor in'the human equation. We must learn to live in a world of power, almost incredi- Universal Power: ble power, or we shall perish. If western man does not The third consideration in the ethic of responsible pe develop and use this power, then others will. If one group may be called a positive universalism. The ethical go of westerners refuses to use such power responsibly, western man has often been defined as the fullest another group may use it irresponsibly. This is but to say realization of each individual in so far as this is consi that, for good or ill, we are now plunged into a new age, with a like development on the part of all whom he touc the age of atomic power. The ethic of this age must be in any significant manner. This means that the et an ethic of responsible power, whether we like it or not. goal of each person is his own self-realization. The Several considerations must enter into the ethic of re- which is imposed on him, ethically, is that he should av sponsible power. Christian ethicists have, in the main, interference with similar purposes of others. Wh been fearful of power. This may be seen in the emphasis this is a good ideal, it may be strengthened consider which they have placed upon love as central characteristic Perhaps we should restate our goal as follows: The. of God. But God is not only a God of love; he is also. a of ethical living consists in such an organization of hi God of power. The ethic of the new day demands that interests as will serve to conserve and enhance all h we make place in our God-concepts for the attribute of life. This puts the emphasis upon the universal asp Power as well as that of Love. This will help us to realize all life, not merely American or English, but Rus that impotent love is not. adequate to the demands of this Chinese, German and all other forms. This is an day. What is needed, and desperately, is love supported upon which all men may unite: We are concerned by power. Ourselves, but only in so far as we constitute a part o The second consideration basic to the development of larger life of our globe. This is the ethical version of an ethic of responsible power is what has been called world" in the political sphere. If we can place our reverence for life." Our ultimate concern, ethically, is phasis upon life and its positive enrichment rather the conservation and enhancement of life. We are inter- upon ourselves, either as individuals or as partial gEI ested. in the preservation of Democracy, if we are Ameri- we may grow ethically to the place where the giga cans, or Communism, if we are Russians, only to the extent power which is now in our grasp may be used for that these ways of living conserve and enhance human rather than ill. life. We English-speaking peoples are concerned with the A new ethic is corning to birth. It. may be many Four Freedoms, but only in so far as these freedoms make before it reaches maturity. When it does, it will dot life at higher levels possible. This is but to say that we be based upon a conception of God within which p must not permit our ethical thought to become entangled as well as love has its place; upon a conception of ide and confused with secondary considerations. We are con- based upon reverence for life; and upon a positive cerned, ultimately, with life and its preservation and versalism in which national distinctions and divep enhancement. If power can be used for such purposes, political mechanisms will be subordinated to the co then the use of power is ethically justifiable to the extent vation and enrichment of the life for which we that it does so. If Democracy likewise contributes to this reverence.
Why We Clergymen Clear Our Throats
By CHAPLAIN IRA FREEMAN
Former Post Chaplaint, Fort Ord, Calif6rnia
Although a clergyman may be as wily as King Solomon, he takes as mit moral hara-kiri by doctoring the facts. Being in the pulpit, many risks during the performance of certain duties as a banzai charger. eyeshot of the culprit's casket, he did not dare pigeonhole the reqi 'If his tongue skids on a single sentence, he is a gone gospeller. Then, like funeral rites and discuss the current political situation. Time wi Job, he finds himself kicking both the day of his birth and his own dainty flying. The organist was flabbergasted. The mortician Was eying b self between the pulpit and the parsonage. You see, in addition to his gestively. The eyes of the audience looked like luminous inter other duties, he must serve his congregation in the combustible capacity of points. Somehow, regardless of the consequences, he knew he hlid an umpire. Hence, sooner or later-generally sooner-somebody will the deceased buried before the Resurrection. But what a line-uP! crown him. In that sense, he toboggans through the trinitrotoluenelike tenets Church was mined with the deceased's gang of daredevils. The of his touchy tribe on borrowed time. Many examples could be submitted. ready, to riot if a word of the truth was lisped. And, worst of A But the following slightly overemphasized illustration should be sufficient: enemies of the deceased were on hand, preening themselves for a Several years ago, Reverend JohA Doe was asked to officiate at the fu- of brimstony pronouncements. He knew they would can him if lh neral of Opossumtrotville's leading hypocrite. The deceased had sponsored washed any of the dead bellwether's badness. He was also aware more satanical' shenanigans than the average biped in Sing Sihg. He had would fool none of them if he went into an oral convulsion abo' always done his Christmas shoplifting early. The only harmless contribution forniia's waterproof weather. Suddenly, however, when he was abo lie had made to Christendom was the white of his eyes. Naturally, therefore, for a physical breakdown, he thought of a subterfuge that should Dr. Doe wanted to dodge his funeral. He squirmed! He sifted the contents He almost shouted: "Glory Hallelujah!" He was saved! So he cled of his brainpan for an excuse! He would have welcomed an inflammation throat once more, very vigorously. Next, he very deliberately rea of his vermiform appendix. But alas, he was unable to ooze out of the his spectacles. Then, after he had leered liturgically at his leading jam. He had to don a synthetic smile and accept the embarrassing as- long enough to re-establish his leadership, he began to wax log signment. about the Lord. He had not been asked to conduct' the Lord's funre When it was high time for the service to begin-the organist was actu- he praised Him so highly that the audience forgot all about the coQ Sally repeating the prelude-he floated to the pulpit. He was wondering sial subject 'ini the flower-laden coffin. And everybody was hapP5 what the Sam Hill he could say. Being a gentleman, he could not afford service ended. But nobody was half as jubilant as the resource to tell the truth about the deceased. Being a Christian, he would not com- behind the pulpit., 26 '- : The Army and Navy Ch
S .4 v . v , 5: 5 ''' .. : ,g ;' >'i; 'v
more from....
BEHIND THE BARBED WIRE
Experiences with Prisoners of War Sunday evenings at the Camp Peary stockade were devoted to music. The chaplain says that this proved to IE Army and Navy Chaplains who have worked with be an activity which appealed to an ever increasing
prisoners of War report an interesting and impresr.number of men. Records were purchased out of their ve inistry. Here are some of the more vivid reactions ... . .. e ministry. Here are some of the more vivid reactions Canteen Fund receipts which, together with those supplied adm Cd n A wt 6 by the recreational facility of the camp enabled them to
Amy Chaplamn C. A. DeBruin worked with some 6,400 !. .
C C. . w e wh s have a variety of the great works of the masters. "Thus eriman Prisoners of War in the Fort Custer area of the Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Tschaikowsky, Hayden, Wag,::+ ._ + . Bach, Mvozart, B~eethoven, Tschalkowsky, Hayden, .Wagate of Michigan. He succeeded in arranging services - . .te of Michigan. He succeeded in arranging services ner, Mendelssohn, and Sibelius, inspired, and brought d providing German-speaking ministers, some of them hope and vision to men who were very much defeated.
rsimaH f te sctterd cmps hichwer bi ope and vision to men who were very much defeated., isoners, in all of the scattered camps which were his "One of the first comments which the men made as in sponsibility. He served the American personnel in the "One of the first comments which the men made was in spitals and in the stockade, but his main activities were regard to the duties of the chaplain in the United States the prisoners themselves. Over a period of time he Services as compared to the German chaplains. Whereas tched theattitude of German prisoners change. Those their chaplains were charged with fulfilling only the reo ad been taken in NorthAfrica from the famous ligious duties of the office, we have additional responsiad ee tke i Nrt Aricaonr hne famose
rika Korps were arrogant and insolent. They firmly bility and privilege of personal contact and service. Our ,' f i a K o r p s w e r e a r r o g a n t a n d i n s o l e n t T h e y fi r m l y r e a i n h p w t t e m n a d h s h o a d o u c 1ieved, reports the chaplain, "that New York, Chicago relationship with the man and his home, and our cod other large cities had been leveled to the ground and operation with the Red Cross in matters of hardship and en tld this was not so they considered it propaganda." emergencies, were new to them in their conception of the t the prisoners taken during Germany's last days had duties of a chaplain. One reason for this is due to the low enough of their own country's doom to be far more ratio of chaplains in proportion to military personnel in
eat ion.er-o rs the German forces, where in some cases there were but o of the prisoner-pastors, ad been a Protestant two chaplains for a division of troops. ister in Germany and a Sergeant-machine-gunner in "Another comparison was prompted by the vast amount frica, told Chaplain DeBruii that it was possible for of devotional material that was made available by churches during the latter days of the war even before Ger- and private agencies for use by the service personnel. The any's defeat, to get the men to accept many ideas and men who were able to read English had much interest in terpretations which they would have rejected entirely our English devotional literature.
months before. He made the comment, during one "As with any undertaking, there are always personalities
the usual weekly censorings of his sermon by the which strengthen and support one's program, and so it aplain, "When I preach that sermon, they will be angry, was at Camp Peary. Having received the wholehearted t they must hear it!" support of the Commanding Officer, Captain Franklin, He was speaking to them that particular week on Jere- the next step was to find loyal and devoted men who 12:17, "if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up would assist in carrying out our program. Those indidestroy them saith the Lord." In that same conversa- viduals were found, in the form of a Bible Study Group, on, the prisoner expressed himself as knowing, "from which met each evening for devotions. They -were mindiSbeginning that Germany could not win, because of its viduals with whom were spent many enjoyable hours, men at apostasy-I was surprised at our early victories." of talent and training. There was Jean 'Hans' Elsasser of peaking of our American policy of re-education, the whom my first recollections are as the one in charge of soner said, "It is not so much re-education they need as devotions one evening last November. The scripture,for i.rtual regeneration." the evening was the closing verses-of the Gospel according ow widespread these attitudes were among the pris- to Matthew. 'Lo, I am with you always. . .' 'Hans' ers the chaplain does not indicate, but the influence of recalled how he had just read this passage of scripture, a few such individuals must have been significant. when he received his last mail from home in May of 1944, Navy Chaplains E. R. Weidler and R. H. Trower, and how he quickly answered his wife's letter, not knowrking in Camp Peary, Williamsburg, Virginia; and ing that it would be the last word that he would be able
Allen, Norfolk, Virginia, respectively, include in to send her for months. How those orders were received ir official reports a number of interesting observations. to relieve a hard-pressed sector, where for the next three plain Weidler arranged for the printing of four days all the fury of the battle of Italy swept on, until the ekly German church papers, and a weekly church bul- deliverance into captivity. During those days and the long which &created much interest. One of the most months that followed, with their anxiety concerning the ctive methods of interesting the men was that of pro- welfare of wife and children, only the assurance of the ig the New Testament in Basic English. "It proved companionship of God brought courage and strength to a practical approach to the English language, and one who was afraid and alone. 'Hans,' the church organuated Bible reading," he reports. ist, became our Concert Master of the Sunday evening
' 4u'ust, 1946 27
symphony. He gave much time and talent to the prepara- The text of the Certificate of Thanks mention tion and introduction of the music to the audience. Chaplain Weidler is as follows: "Another great lover of music, and one of whom we "As he cared for our Camp so unselfishly and brother may well hear much was Gerhart Schwachoeffer, a lad of It is our desire most deeply felt, to tell him this way, t nineteen. A student of the great Frankfurt organist, and his worships brought us religious edification and disciple of Bach, the blind Gottlieb Walscha. Gerhart was grammophone symphony concerts arranged by him,c in charge of the music on Christmas eve, when I con- tributed to relief our hard lot as. prisoners. We have ducted a service for both Catholic and Protestant men, just a shrine in our minds to him." as they would have done in their villages at home, where Chaplain Tower tells of a Catholic Priest among everyone joins in the observance of Christmas. Gerhart prisoners who, after his ordination papers had been ce was there and his talent, saved for the occasion because fled, served as "Catholic Chaplain" until his departure the hand grenade that hit him in the mouth didn't explode, "Perhaps the most interesting ministerial act I just broke a tooth! formed," the Chaplain continues, "was my first mili "In the String Quartette on Christmas eve was Jacob funeral. In February, one of the men, having grown Mauer, fondly referred to by all as 'Der Alte Jacob'-old creasingly more despondent concerning the lack of n Jacob. Perhaps the oldest one of the prisoners. I felt at- from home, took his life by hanging. I was called up tached to him because he came from the same village in by the Commanding Officer of the Camp to conduct t Germany as my father. He was choir Master in a large military funeral and was requested by the Protestant 'c Catholic Church. On the night that we played the Gre- gregation' to preach at the subsequent Memorial Sei gorian Chants he was almost like the guest of honor. With an Army guard of six soldier and their sergeant "The last time he had heard this great music of the charge and with twenty of the POWs, the body was tak
Church sung by trained voices was years ago when he was to the Federal Cemetery at Hampton, Virginia, where theKappel Meister, in charge of music. It was a thrill to read the Committal in both German and English watch him, his expressions of joy and pleasure, and of where full military honors were given. It was bitter iro relief, as if a jewel had been found which had been lost. that only six days after the prisoner's death word can
"It was the same thrill as we received on another eve- from his family of wife and two boys that all was wet
ning when we played the Overture to Mendelssohn's home!"
'Midsummer Nights Dream,' music that had never been "Work as chaplain to POWs," was, in the words played since 1933 in Germany. The younger ones had Chaplain Tower, "an extremely stimulating and profit never heard it, while for the older men it was as a dream work-a noble activity of good done by our milit from the distant past-a memory from another life. forces. It is not too much to say, that when the wh(
"Hermann Jansen and Siegfried Weissinger were story of the creation of some good in the midst of
among the first to return to Germany, two young men who war's wreckage will finally have been told, this partiu planned to dedicate their lives to the service of the Church. work of the Christian Chaplain will be found to ho
Hermann was active before the war as a leader of youth played its part."
work in a large Berlin Church. Siegfried, a student in the University, is returning to Tubingen this fall. Both men
have written since their return home, having expressed Miss Chamberlain, Chaplain
their thanks for our help. M Chmerlin Ca
"Among the last group to leave was Dr. Hans Kabas, (Continued rom page 9)
a doctor of jurisprudence, a keen legal mind. He came to Recommended by the United Board of Chaplains,
us via the war from the University of Vienna. He was Chamberlain had strong support in the Air Ministry
in charge our school. He had one desire to travel across Stansgate, Secretary of State for Air, is a Congregation America and see California. We spent many hours to- and took a personal interest in the cheerful young minist gether during the last days of their confinement here. He went to her farewell sermon at Christ Church if
",In parting Dr. Hans Kabas expressed the feeling which middle-class North London suburb of Freirn Barpl
one could not help but sense was in the hearts of all the where she had been pastor for five years.
men, when he said, as he presented me with their Certifi- Daughter of an Anglican father and a.Congregatio cate of Thanks, that they were leaving America with no ist mother-both of whom attended their own chuck hatred, but only with a longing to retain the friendship regularly-Miss Chamberlain took a Bachelor of Di which had been established and to carry back to their at King's College of London University. Last week,I homes the sense of freedom which here even in confine- started her new job at the huge Cranwell Station, hoe ment was so good. the RAF Staff College some 15 miles south of Lioc
"Whenever a group would leave we would observe at However, she thinks, "there'll be one great difference.
our morning Worship Service the Sacrament of the Lord's dealing with my 300 congregation at Christ Church, Supper. And on that Sunday evening we would hear again been dealing with people who come because they are the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven on Schiller's 'Ode to terested in religion. At Cranwell there will be all S Joy' with its theme 'the universal brotherhood of all men.' from atheists to what's probably the small minority
Thus we would send the men home." devout Christians."
28 The Army and Navy Cha
HOUGHTS, TIVITIES, ECHNIQUES THCII VIII ES
A Department of Helpful Suggestions and Materials for Chaplains
- The Dignity of Simplicity. (TAT is a department run for the information of The Work of Character. Chaplains. Should you have ideas you would care The Power of Kindness. ito share, please address them to this paper.-Editor.) The Influence of Example.
___The Obligation of Duty.
The Wisdom of Economy.
Value of Religion in the Home is emphasized in the The Virtue of Patience. following extract from Front Rank, May 5, 1946. Source The Improvement of Talent. of this is pamphlet "Building Your Marriage," by Evelyn The Joy of Helping Others. Millis Duvall, Pamphlet No. 113. Order from Public Affairs Committee, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y. Price 10. "It is a fact that couples having church Denominational Conferences at Chaplain School Claim connections have more stable marriages than those with Interest.
nne. Figures quoted from chart: Jewish homes-4.6% Outline:
btoken; Roman Catholic homes-6.4% broken; Protestant I. A brief history of the denomination concerned. homes-6.8% broken; Mixed marriages-15.2% broken; II. A description of its form of government. No religious affiliatioln-16.7% broken. III. A statement of its doctrinal tenets.
15 IV. A description of its forms of worship. Chaplains Looking for Ammunition on Temperance are V. The current working program of the denomination. referred to "The Clip Sheet" of The Board of Temperance Note: These presentations were factual. No compariof the Methodist Church, 100 Maryland Avenue, N.E., sons were made with other churches. Materials were posiWashington, D. C. tive in information. Discussion was limited to the memibers of the denomination present at the meeting. GIs In Japan Send Gifts for Scriptures titles an American Bible Society release telling of a collection of $426.00 sent to the Bible Society through Chaplain Ivan L. Bennett. The Clergyman Who Is Concerned With Disabled Vethis is another of the many instances where the U. S. erans should read Public Affairs Pamphlet No. 106, 30 soldier proved his Christian consecration by generous giv- Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y. Refer also, for ing. specific information on what Army is doing, to TM n 28-325, War Department Technical Manual. Chaplains Un-er e Te P s oh Ta o on Active Duty will be especially interested in this TM.
Under Title "The Purpose of the Trolan Councd of
Religion" we have the following statement of purpose for the U. of Southern Cal.: Elsewhere In This Issue Appears an Article on Navy :. To encourage the application of moral and spiritual Movie Project on teaching of morals and religion. Attenvalues in student life. tion is called to the American Bible Society films narrating 11. To assist each student in achieving self-realization the stories of the Bible. Write for information to Visual
through knowledge, activity, and faith. Materials Dept., American Bible Society, 45 Astor Place, III. To acquaint students with the great religious heritages New York 3, N. Y.
and to promote interfaith understanding and creative
unity of spirit. Pastors Interested in the Church Canvass should obtain IV. To develop leadership which will be imbued with a information from United Church Canvass, 297 Fourth sense of responsibility to society and to God as to Avenue, New York 10, N. Y.
how knowledge is used.
The Hand That Slaps! When using a foreign language For Economy of Wording and Richness of Thought we for the printing of an Order of Worship the Chaplain take the following from The Central Christian News, should take great care to use CORRECT German, or JapaKansas City, Kansas: nese, or French. Bluntly comes this notation attached to
The Value of Time. several German language Orders of Worship. "Chaplain The Success of Perseverance. Elsam: This German is abominable. The Chaplain should The Pleasure of Working. not attempt it unless he can use the language. It can only
Y-August, 1946 29
cause his audience to smile. Signed: SQ-o-o-o, A Chaplain's Prayer a word to the wise! By Chaplain Frank Johnson Pippin, Army
South Dakotans Take Note:, "Servicemen attending Lord, lend me strength for these, thy special sheep, Easter services in a tiny Congregational church in Hono- The men who go to battle in the night; lulu found this notice in the collection plate:-'This Give me the Shepherd's heart to tend and keep 2 Their spirits full of Thee, O God of Might. money will be used for missionary work in Micronesia, Their spirits full of Thee, God of Might. China, South Dakota and the whole world.' I watch them creep across the crops of fire The foe has forced the rebel earth to spawn Must for Chaplains! Read No. 15, June-July, 1946 issue And belch black death, as hate an.d hell conspire; of Prevent World War III, published at 515 Madison I hear them scream and see them die at dawn. Avenue, New York 22, N. Y.
n I feel so helpless when I see them fall, I grip no weapon, save the will to pray;
The American Jewish Committee publishes "Toward They swallow once the death-dust and the gall, Peace and Equity." Write to them at 386 Fourth Avenue But, God, I die a thousand times a day! (Dept. L.), New York 16, N. Y.
P IStretch me Thy steady hand to keep them still; ,, Tell me the healing word to stay their mind,
For What Follows We Thank "The Chaplain's Digest" Torn thei wod o ay c o n i,
i ',.,";,;. ,., ,:" 8 Torn by their wounds from any conscious Will, (Catholic), which excellent folder has, we are told, gone An k ei was won de ly i out of prin And keep me always wonderfully kind. out of print. Here it is:
MEMORANDUM The battle's done, the lulls are stalked by pain (We dunno. . This recently came from Fr. Sullivan, of And doubts they cannot bear, unless Thou come; Camp McCoy. He says it was posted in the officers' barracks with Show me the way to gather up again good results-both as to attendance at Mass and better transpor- Their shattered dreams of peace, and love, and home. tation and clerks.)
To: All Officers of this Command. Looking on them who sleep in silent trust,
1. Church Services are held in Chapel No. 2 every Sunday for Take what remains, that which belongs to You; members of this command. For Catholics there are, two (2) .r HII hours, 0800 and 1100 hours; for Protestants one (1) H hour; When their hot guns have dropped to cool and rust, 1000 hours. And the last bomb is huddled with the dew.
2. Uniform: Fur caps may be worn. Due to the great crowds, From The Christian Evangelist, 21 Feb. 194 which frequently constitute a fire hazard, identification tags must be worn, thereby insuring identification at all times. (TM 10-630, Sec. II, par. 6.)
3. I. P.: Officers attending shall cross I. P., enabling them to
arrive at grid coordinates 851.641-429.890 (Camp McCoy Sheet, Navy Motion-Picture Project Grid Zone "C") at proper H hour. (Continued from page 10)
4. Assembly: Nontactical. 'S 5. Chaplains shall cross I. P. 1/2 hour earlier, in organic trans- 'Good' Liberty," "Choosing Your 'Shipmates,' and "T Sportation, which they have, on paper. Importance of Your Reputation," will be the basis ft For the Chaplains, choosing the five subjects to be included in an initial seri LADISLAUS ADAMOWSKI to be called "For Which We Stand." T/5 (on paper) clerk. This undertaking will furnish an additional guarantee to the parents of actual and potential naval enlisted pe A Magnificent Brochure Is Published by the American sonnel that effective and progressive means are being us Monument Association, Inc., 80 Boylston Street, Boston to maintain and improve the sense of moral responsibili 16, Mass., entitled "Lest We Forget." You may obtain this throughout the United States Naval Service. These fil publication by writing for it to the above address. will, because of their nonsectarian nature, also fill /definite need on the part of the general public.
For Information Regarding Status of Conscientious : Objectors write for WD Circular 160, 4 June, 1946. Of
-value! Prayer
For Those Concerned With the Moral Conditions of Give me your patience, Lord Give me the time to get All Communities write for information to the American To face the day. All my work through Social Hygiene Association, 1790 Broadway, New York Give me your Gentleness Give me when day is do 19, N. Y. All clergymen should be aware of the moral Humbly I pray. A night of rest; implications of the May Act. Write also to the Social Give me your Cheerful Mien, Grantthat from sun to s Protection Division, Federal Security Agency, Social Secur- Your Wisdom, too. I do my best. :ity Building, Washington 25, D. C. for bulletin "issued -CHAPLAIN VINCENT SEKILSKI occasionally for the use of community leaders." The Catholic Bulletin.
30 The Army and Navy Chapid
To the Editors
anish Chaplain Subscribes: We Have Built On Strong Foundations, Chaplain!
A subscription and book order comes from Chaplain Harald Chaplain Julian E. Yates writes: "I have just been reading the dbaek, Hersom Pr. Hobro, Denmark. We print the letter April-May issue of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN and I om his bank through the Chase National Bank, New York City. hasten to tell you that it is the best issue yet published. Altogetl{er e Chaplains Association, it is excellent and I am proud of this, along with all the other 1 N Street NW, splendid achievements of our chaplains in the recent war. Their ashington, D. C., U.S.A. courage, devotion, resourcefulness, and accomplishments are order of] thrilling to an old-timer.. Auftrag the Rev. H. Sandback, Hersom, Denmark (Editor's Note:. Chaplain Yates (Retired) was Chief of Chapordre de ] lains from 1929 to 1933.) d for account of 'fiirRechnung your invoice of June 6th, 1946 Denominational Chapters???? ou ompte de
ourcomptede "No!" writes one of our chaplains very emphatically. '"Let's e beg herewith to hand you emphasize the points we agree on-and not tend to make points ierrechen wir Ihnen anbei $8.50 in cheque of New York. of disagreement." us vous remetton sous se pliJ
Please acknowledge receipt of this remittance.
Sie belieben uns den Empfang anzuzeigen. This Chaplain. Makes a Strong Point!
Veuillez bien nous en accuser reception. "I wish to continue my membership in the Chaplains AssociaAktieselskabet tion and am inclosing $2.00 . for the year. I feel definitely per pro. Kjcpbenhavns Handelsbank that we should continue the bond of fellowship created among us while we served as Chaplains with the Armed Forces, so that in. these postwar days we may face unitedly the moral, religious, plain Bennett on Japanese Chaplains: and spiritual problems which confront us. H EDWARD H. JONES,
have interviewed Rev. Isamu Chiba and have discussed the State College, Penna. inter of religious services in the Japanese Army with other leadof the churches. It would seem that the writer of the letter blished in the ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN may have been mis- Successful Retreats: :n.* Mr. Chiba and some other ministers accompanied the Splendid letters have been received from Chaplains Robert E. upation Forces in China, Philippines, the Dutch Indies and Lynch and Charles G. Erb,' S.V.D., testifying to the encouragelaya. They tell me that their mission was not to propagate ment and strength that has come to them and their personnel stianity in the Army or to minister to the men in the services, through Retreats. rather to serve as liaison between the Japanese forces and the ristian part of the civilian population. We Look for a Re-conversion Here: r. Chiba tells me that some Buddhist priests did accompany "Just a note to notify you that I have been discharged from the forces and that they conducted religious rites such as funerals. army and wouldn't care to subscribe for THE ARMY AND NAVY locations are that the privilege of distributing holy scriptures CHAPLAIN. SImaintaining contact with the Christian men in the service "You're doing a good work in the army and we trust that the generally denied to the churches. Chaplain Corps shall remain a vital and integral part of both the ith sincere good wishes, Army and Navy.
IVAN L. BENNETT, (Name withheld by Editor) Chaplain (Colonel) U. S. Army. Durham, N. C.
(The Editor has heard this argument used by many people who ggestion Could Be Developed by Admin. Chaplains: believe in the good works of the church but will not join up. ComeChaplain Frank M. Brown, Philadelphia, Penna., writes: in with us again, Chaplain!) I'm proud to be a part of a mighty cause. Thank you for your litter. . I'd like to see a chaplain on active duty-assigned to This On Our Aenda for the Conventin SHqts. Det., or one of the Service Units, contact personally ThisIs n ur Agenda for the Convention. Very chaplain being separated from the service and in a personal "We sincerely hope that a definite plan of organization for the Ssk him to join the Chaplains Association. I believe it could Associaticn will be proposed and adopted by the October C6nd one and done very effectively." vention. Decentralization of the National Association is, in our (Editor's comment: whether this could be done officially is estimation a necessity for effectiveness. Whether the decentralizablmatical The suggestion offers great possibilities for con- tion should be placed on a State level or Army Area level needs. ( rbl mt 'cal T h e s lgg est'on off e -s g reat p ossibilities for con t o tied and original work on the part of administrative chaplains, consideration." hope they will develop the idea.) JOSEPH R. KOCH, Sdeo he ) San Antonio, Texas. a Chaplain (Colonel) U.S.A., m! orton, Texas, Chaplain Arthur A. Kendall writes:
"I will never regret a day that I spent with the armed forces A Satisfied Customer: ur country. I would be ungrateful indeed if I did not I have been receiving THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN for ress my deepest appreciation to you and the staff of the ARMY the past three years and consider it a part of my reading. Kindl th ...... .. ..e yerancosdria par ofdy redig Kidl
dNAVY CHAPLAIN for the splendid help the magazine ren- see that the above change of address is checked. e the chaplains JOHN F. SMELTZER,
April-May, 1946, issue, page 13. Jonestown, Penna. ly-Agust, 1946 3T'
Japanese Christian Chaplains-not per se: thoughtfulness in sending me five copies of your magazine co Referring to page 13 of your last issue you have printed a taining the article by Chaplain Borneman.
quotation from The Watchman Examiner. Chaplain Daniel C. With assurances of my continued respect and regard, I am ICarr certainly has not given the full picture as we chaplains saw JAs. A. MEAD it in the Pacific.
It was my definite impression that the Christian "Chaplains" in Chaplains Found Them the Japanese forces were there for propaganda purposes and forC inud Te these purposes alone. Doubtless some of them accomplished (Continued from page 8) great good. But there is little doubt in the minds of those of us standardized effort in the field. As Protestantism has who served against the Japanese that the Japanese military au- faced its job whole, for the first time-recognizing ho, thorities never intended for their "chaplains" to serve primarily freely ministers now pass among denominational group. as ministers of God. d h Perhaps this attitude of the Japanese military made it almost ings once they are ordained-it has the power to influence impossible for them to understand the work of our own chap- importantly the sort of ministers to be secured for all the lains who were taken prisoner. They could not credit the Ameri- churches. This is an inspiring new situation. cans with the high calling to which their chaplains were dedicated Denominations have recorded their appreciation of the
-that of a spiritual, and not a political, service, whole program carried through by chaplains, and that MARTIN C. POCH, gratitude goes to hundreds of men who tactfully and Whashin to( ne) U.S.A. thoughtfully sought out candidates. In one aspect, the C i l U work of the churches is specifically indebted to the Chap.
lain Corps for seeking out young men and encouraging
From Senator Mead, New York: them in their intention toward the ministry. Chaplains Dear Chaplain Elsam: have made history in this seemingly casual, incidental part Your letter of June 28 is here and I deeply appreciate your of their varied duty.
T Book Reviews
THE PRIEST GOES TO WAR. Society for the Propa- riage, divorce, and kindred subjects. In some cases thi
gation of the Faith, 109 East 38th St., N. Y. 16, N. Y. would be a good book to place in the hands of the returned Folio, about 50 pages, 1945. $J.00. veteran who was experiencing marital difficulty and Iho The story of Catholic chaplains is here set forth needed some guide to help him analyze the situation,
-through a splendid array of pictures. It is that kind of a CLIFFORD M. DU pamphlet which you do not lay aside until you have turned every page. MEN UNDER STRESS IN AND AFTER COMBAT By Lieutenant Colonel Roy R. Crinker, M.C., and Majo
WAR IS MY PARISH. By Dorothy Fremont Grant. The John P. Spiegel, M.C., Army Air Forces, Blakiston, Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Philadelphia. 484 pp. $5.00.
184 pages with index, 1944. $2.25. A long and diligent search for a book which will be
valuable in aiding Chaplains, especially those returned
Not having access to official records, the author drew valuable in aiding Chaplains, especially those returne upon newspaper reports, personal letters, and verbal remi- to civil life, in counseling with former servicemen niscences for anecdotes and comments illustrating the been richly rewarded.
work of Catholic chaplains in action. The book appeared Case histories make dull reading but in this volume in the midst of the war when the end was not yet in sight. they are dramatic and exciting for the histories are statenmerit mids men made unde When inlun enf the not yetruggn.,
It was written to bring hope and comfort to families of ments of men made under the influence of the new dr our fighting men. Catholic families, for whom it was sodium pentothal. Menrelate the circumstances nd
primarily written, could read this account and take cour- which they received psychic "wounds."
.age. Doubtless thousands of former combat men have a nea
age rotic disorder brought about by the pressure of battle but there are also thousands of people who have never bee
'THE VETERAN AND HIS MARRIAGE. By John H. close to a field of battle who suffer a psychological i
Mariano. Council on Marriage Relations, Inc., New order. This book will be a great aid to all who seek to
York City, 1945. 303 pages. $2.75. help people become adjusted and relieve a stress.
The author in twenty-six chapters sets forth some prac- The authors do not recognize the value of religion as
-tical advice on marital problems, especially as they affect resource for assisting people so stricken. Every com the returning veteran. The book seems to be written more chaplain knows that a man definitely receives help wbe for an industrial personnel manager who is trying to ad- he has a firm belief in his faith. Psychiatry and religio
just the marital difficulties of his ex-service employees working together can achieve wonders.
than for chaplains or clergymen. The religious aspect of Possession of this volume should be a "MUST'
marriage is treated lightly. However, the book does con- every chaplain's library.
tain a fine digest of the laws of our land regarding mar- JOHN K. BORNEM
,32
ANNOUNCING VOLUME ONE
History of the Chaplain Corps,
United States Navy
By CLIFFORD MERRILL DRURY, Captain, ChC, USNR
Prepared under the direction of the Office of Naval History and the Chaplains' Division, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Department.
THE Chief of Chaplains, United States Navy, announces the publication of volume one of a threevolume History of the Navy Chaplain Corps. This volume carries the story of the Naval Chaplaincy from 1778 to 8 September 1939.
This is the first comprehensive and official history of the naval chaplaincy ever prepared. An accurate and vivid account is given of the work of United States Navy Chaplains over a period of 161 years. Following are some of the chapter headings and sub-titles of volume I:
* Religion and the Sea The Naval Militia and the National Naval
* Chaplains in the Continental Navy, 1775-1785 Volunteers
* The Beginnings of the United States Naval The First World War, 1917-1919
Chaplaincy, 1789-1800 First Chief of Chaplains
* Chaplains in the Barbary War First Jewish Chaplain
* Chaplains as schoolmasters a
* The pay of chaplains and related problems Collateral duties
* With Perry in Japan Chaplains with the Marines
* Relative rank The Years Between, 1920-1939
* First Roman Catholic Chaplains The Reserve chaplains
* "The Smoking Lamp is Out" Pacifists attack the chaplaincy
The work, containing approximately 600 pages with about 30 pages of illustrations, is well documented. It comes as the necessary prelude to an understanding of the status and work of Navy chaplains in World War II.
Naval Chaplains who served during the period, 7 December 1941 to 31 December 1945, whose addresses are known will receive a special notification from the, Chaplains' Division.
r-------------------------------------------------Other readers of this notice, who would I
like to take advantage of' a substantial dis- Please send me particulars about placing a pre-publicacount offered to all who place pre-publication tion order with discount for Volume I of the Historof orders, are invited to fill out the accompany- t r s e t History ing form and send it to the Chaplains' Divi- the Chaplain Corps, United States Navy, 1778-1939. sion, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, D. C.
W. N. THOMAS N am e ............................ D ate..........
Rear Admiral, ChC, USN
Chief of Chaplains
A d dress .........................................
OFFICIAL CALL
Sixteenth Annual Convention of the Chaplains
Association of the Army and Navy
of the United States
The first postwar convention of the Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United States will, by decision of the official staff of the Association, be held in Washington, D. C., October 23, 24, 25. As this will be the first convention held by the Chaplains Association since the beginning of the national emergency in 1940 it will of course give the first opportunity to the 12,000 chaplains who have seen active service in our national emergency to get together for a great reunion meeting. We hope that a very large delegation will be present.
All chaplains who have held commissions, whether in the Army, in the Navy, the Air Corps, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, the National Guard, or the Reserves, or who are now members of the new Chaplain Corps in the Veterans Administration, are entitled to representation at this convention.
The official staff of the Chaplains Association, which has been forced to function for the Association during the emergency, is making elaborate plans for a very worth-while program which will carry a general theme to be discussed throughout the convention and which will be planned in such a way that all Services will be represented. There will be given opportunities also for separate panel discussion groups and denominational groups, if this should prove to be desirable.
The three Chiefs of Chaplains will be present with the ranking chaplains of their several offices. The convention will be addressed by leading representatives of our national government and of the several Services of our military and naval establishments.
All inquiries regarding this convention or any matters pertaining to the convention program, or the convention registration, should be directed to the Executive Secretary of the Chaplains Association-Chaplain H. G. Elsam, 1751 N Street, Northwest, Washington, D. C.
By order of the Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United States
N. M. YLVISAKER, President.
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