Citation
The Army and Navy chaplain

Material Information

Title:
The Army and Navy chaplain
Creator:
Chaplains' Association of the Army and Navy of the United States
Place of Publication:
Washington, D.C
Publisher:
Chaplains' Association of the Army and Navy of the United States
Publication Date:
Frequency:
Four no. a year
quarterly
regular
Language:
English
Edition:
Vol.16, Apr.-May., 1946, no.4
Physical Description:
v. : ill., ports. ; 27-30 cm.

Subjects

Subjects / Keywords:
Military chaplains -- United States ( lcsh )
Armed Forces -- Chaplains ( fast )
Military chaplains ( fast )
United States ( fast )
Genre:
periodical ( marc )
serial ( sobekcm )
periodical ( marcgt )

Notes

Dates or Sequential Designation:
Vol. 11, no. 1 (July-Aug. 1940)-v. 18, no. 4 (Apr.-May 1948).
Issuing Body:
Official publication of the Chaplains' Association of the Army and Navy of the United States.
General Note:
Title from cover.

Record Information

Source Institution:
University of Florida
Rights Management:
Copyright, Army and Navy Chaplain. Permission granted to University of Florida to digitize and display this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
Resource Identifier:
07565770 ( OCLC )
34013778 ( LCCN )
ocm07565770
Classification:
UH23 .A15 ( lcc )

Related Items

Preceded by:
Army chaplain
Succeeded by:
Military chaplain

UFDC Membership

Aggregations:
University of Florida
Digital Military Collection

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Full Text
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THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE
CHAPLAINS ASSOCIATION OF THE ARMY AND NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES 1751 N Street, N.W.,
Washington 6, D. C.
CONTENTS
I SAW MISSIONS IN ACTION IN NEW GUINEA ................................... 1
"MAN'S NEED IS TO RETURN TO GOD!" ........................................ 2
CHAPLAINS IN THE ROYAL NAVY ........................................ 3
RELIGION IN A PRISONER OF WAR CAMP IN JAPAN ............................. 6
PRISONER OF WAR EVACUATION FROM JAPAN .................................. 8
VISITING OUR CHAPLAINS IN THE ETO: PART II ............................... 11
JAPANESE CHRISTIAN CHAPLAINS (A Letter) .................................... 13
SPAR CRADLE WATCH .................................. ....................... 14
A WOMAN "CHAPLAIN" ABOARD SHIP .......................................... 15
SOLDIERS AND THE POSTWAR WORLD: PART II ................................. 16
REGIONAL CHAPTERS ORGANIZE .............. .................................. 18
NOR RACE, NOR CREED, SHALL STAY THE DEED! ............................... 19
EDITORIALS: OUR COVER PICTURE .............................................. 20
THE GUADALCANAL CHAPEL
NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CIVILIAN PARISHES FROM BATAAN THROUGH CABANATUAN......... ........................... 23
FINAN CIAL STATEM ENT ......................................................... 27
CHIEFS (BRANCH) CHAPLAINCY DIVISION VETERANS ADMINISTRATION ...... 28 WHERE TO, CHAPLAIN? .......................... ......... 30
DISTRICT CHAPLAINS' WASHINGTON CONFERENCE .............................. 31
ASSOCIATION CHAPTERS HAVE GREAT POSSIBILITIES! ........................... 32
THREE DIVISION HEADS IN CHIEF'S OFFICE HONORED ......................... 33
WHEN THE CHAPLAIN COMES HOME ............................................ 34
BOOK REVIEWS ............................................................ 35
CONSTITUTION ............................................................ 36
THOUGHTS, ACTIVITIES, TECHNIQUES ........................................... 37
TO THE EDITORS ........................................................... 39
VOLUME XVI APRIL-MAY, 1946 NUMBER 4
Published quarterly by the Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United States. Issues are dated January-February, April-MaY July-August and October-November. Publication, Editorial and Executive Offices, 1751 N Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. Entered as Second Class Matter at Washington, D. C., additional entry at Richmond, Virginia, under the act of March 3, 1879. Mailed to individuals eligible for men1 bership in the Chaplains Association under payment of the current membership fee of $2.00 per calendar year. Subscriptions to all others not eligiblef0f membership are $2.00 per calendar year. Foreign subscriptions (non-members) are $3.00 per calendar year. THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN does not carry paid advertisements.




Saw Missions in Action in New Guinea
By CHAPLAIN ARNOLD M. MAAHS
Chaplain Maahs, now Director of Foreign Mission Reconstruction and Development of the American Lutheran Church, delivered the following address on 27 March 1946 at the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, Buck Hills Falls, Pennsylvania. Surely the foreign mission work of all denominations will benefit from the firsthand acquaintance of missions at work by Army, Navy and Marine personnel acquired during the progress of the recent war.
HAVE been in the Christian Ministry for over twelve tian so they could get something out of it. Their ChristianL years but I never would have believed that the Christian ity was that of conviction. Gospel works as well as it does except that I saw it suc- The war brought hardships and difficulties to the Luthceed in New Guinea. All of us who are Christians know eran Church of New Guinea. It is not necessary to state about the power of the Christian Gospel but all too often that Japanese were not good enemies. There are many our knowledge is purely academic. The very fact that we instances where the Christian natives died rather than are Christians and that we have Christian churches is a repudiate their faith. living testimony to the power of the Christian Gospel. In any evaluation of Foreign Mission Work there is apt But our knowledge is academic in that we lack contrast to be a confusion between Christianity and culture. The here in America between those people who are ethically important thing in evaluating a Foreign Mission Program good and those who are of the Christian communion. is the distance that the native Christians have come. There In New Guinea that contrast between Christian and is bound to be a culture lag. But the point is that these non-Christian is a striking one. There is such a tremendous people have come a long way from their heathendom and gulf between the natives of New Guinea and those of us their faces are turned in the direction of God. I looked who live in this aspect of western civilization which we over many Christian congregations in New Guinea and know as America. The New Guinea native lives in a saw men who had been cannibals. I saw fathers who had primitive community; ours is highly mechanized. There been cannibals worshipping God in the service of common was one thing which was able to bridge the great gulf be- worship with their Christian sons beside them. Less than tween the Christian natives of New Guinea and myself. It twenty years ago cannibals were still roaming the seacoast was the cross on my collar. areas of the Mandated Territory of New Guinea where Whenever a Christian native in New Guinea saw the this war was fought. American soldiers landed among a cross on my collar he immediately said that I was a "Mis- kindly, Christian people. The cannibals had become Chrissionary belong America." He recognized at once the com- tian. mon bond of all those who belong to the fellowship of It seems to me that the strength of the Lutheran Church Jesus Christ regardless of race or color, or degree of culture in New Guinea was apparent in three areas because: and civilization. The cross on my collar made us brethren 1. The natives were practicing Christians. Heathen re in spite of the fact that we lived in entirely different worlds. ligion is a part of the everyday life of the heathen native. In the interior of New Guinea I saw the heathen natives He now uses his Christianity in the same practical way. He still living in their filth, fear, and superstition. I realized begins his day with morning devotions and ends the day more than ever before that if the lot of these people were the same way. He uses his Christian faith. to be improved at all it would be up to God and the power 2. The native Christians are separatists. Entire comof His Gospel to do it. I knew man had no ethical concepts munities are Christian in New Guinea and a high degree adequate to the task. I also began to appreciate the prob- of spirituality is developed in a complex of likemindedlems which confronted those first missionaries sixty years ness. Here in America it is possible to be a practicing ago when they began the Lutheran work in New Guinea. Christian but separatism in the New Guinea sense is imThe Mission is now only sixty years old, as we count time possible unless we return to an agricultural economy. two generations. And yet in this short space of time, actu- However, it is possible for every Christian to be a sepaally only the years which belong to a father and his son, ratist in that he will not ally himself with those non60,000 heathen natives have been converted to Christianity. Christian elements-and influences in his own community. The war made a battlefield of Lutheran Mission terri- 3. Christian natives are mission minded. Since Christory in New Guinea. Missionaries were removed from the tia ity is a tremendous value in their own lives, they want field, taken prisoner by the enemy or killed. The Christian to share it with those who do not have it. Communities natives, left to their own devices, maintained their spiritual send out their young men to carry the Gospel of Jesus integrity and their faith. The reason for the faithfulness Christ to those natives beyond the next range of mountains of the Lutheran native is not hard to find. He had actually who do not have this message. The individual Christian been converted to Christianity. I saw no rice Christianity congregation sends the missionaries and supports them. in New Guinea. I saw no natives who had become Chris- r(Continied on page 10) April -May, 1946




"Man's Need Is to Return
to God!
There is a plausible heresy that conceives religion
as service to one's fellow man. But teachers and prophets of this doctrine forget that there is also the First Commandment as well as the Second one; and indeed that validity of merit in obedience to the Second Commandment must be motivated on reality of the First Commandment. One's neighbors are to be loved and served but the primary and fundamental basis of this
charity must be the love of God.
I serve man poorly if I substitute his service for worship of a living God. I serve man best and most effectively when I conceive of him not in the jargon of selfblinded atheists but in the warm, human, and divine relationship of a child of God, a brother of Christ and
K my own brother.
There must be a rightabout turn to God, a return to
faith, in penance and in prayer."
from A Statement by Francis Cardinal Spellman Archbishop of New York and (Catholic} Vicar of the Armed Forces.
2 The Army and Navyap
2 ,:,; -; .. .: : ; The Army and Navy ChapIifl




Chaplains in the Royal Navy
By REV. M. R. W. BROWN, M.A.
We are indebted to Archdeacon J. K. Wilson, The Chaplain of the Fleet, Admiralty, London, under whose direction the following article of great historical interest was prepared. Here is the story of the origins of many
of the customs and traditions of the United States Navy.
"J spect I grow'd. Don't think nobody never made me." life and pay were not such as to attract good parsons in
I Like Topsy and like so many other English institutions anything like sufficient numbers. These factors were conthe Naval Chaplain grew haphazard to meet the needs of stant from the seventeenth century up to 1812. From time the moment. His story has never been fully written. Here to time reforms were attempted, which gradually and haponly the main facts can be given. Further information can hazardly "shaped" the Naval Chaplain. be found in Professor M. A. Lewis's excellent book Eng- In order to remedy the shortage of chaplains Charles land's Sea Officers (Allen & Unwin. 1939-10/6d.-re- 1st gave "orders for preachers to goe in every of his ships printing soon). to sea," and tried to implement this by improving their
When Englishmen first went to sea in any numbers and status and pay. Previously the chaplain had received 14/for any length of time they took with them "shore-parsons" a month. Now in addition every seaman was ordered to to enable them to continue at sea the religious practices pay 4d. (a groat) a month for the Chaplain, in addition customary ashore. Perhaps these early seafarers were the to the 2d. a month he already paid for the surgeon. more particular about this, because in the small ships of In 1662 "Forms of prayer to be used at sea" were added those days at the mercy of wind and wave they were more to the Book of Common Prayer. They order the continued ready to "cry unto the Lord in their trouble" than when daily use of Morning and Evening Prayer, which we have safely on land! already seen in Frobisher's order, but they also make genAmong the foremost sailing orders of a great expedition erous provision for the special needs of those at sea. Most which sailed from Portsmouth for Lisbon in 1147 we read important in their influence have been the two prayers "to that "on board each ship there shall be a priest, and the be used in His Majesty's Fleet every day." They read: same observances as in parishes on shore, whilst everyone "O Eternal Lord God, who alone spreadest out the shall confess (join in a short form of prayer?) daily heavens and rulest the raging of the seas; who has comthroughout the week, and shall communicate on Sundays." passed the waters with bounds until day and night come
From this date onward such chaplains are sometimes to an end; be pleased to receive into Thy Almighty and found on shipboard, but in no sense were they "regulars." most gracious protection the persons of us Thy servants When an expedition was over the ships returned to their and the Fleet in which we serve. Preserve us from the own privateering or trading, and the parsons returned to dangers of the sea, and from the violence of the enemy;. their parishes ashore. Long after there came to be a regu- that we may be a safeguard unto our most gracious Sovlar professional fleet-indeed down to the end of the eight- ereign Lord, King GEORGE, and his Dominions, and a se eenth century-the naval chaplain remained almost a ci- curity for such as pass on the seas upon their lawful occa vilian. sions; that the inhabitants of our Island may in peace and
The great Elizabethan captains laid great stress on wor- quietness serve Thee our God; and that we may return in ship and on the need for chaplains. Hawkins ordered his
ships to "serve God daily (have a daily service), love one another, preserve your victuals, beware of fire and keep
good companie." God "was daily served" with the Elizabethan Book of Common Prayer, because that was used
ashore. Thus Frobisher ordered "Matins and Evensong
according to the use of the Church of England."
Francis Fletcher served as Drake's chaplain during his
three-year voyage round the world. Drake's relations with
him were far from peaceful. He was forced to excommunicate him for mutiny, and caused a "posy," which said,
"Francis Fletcher, the falsest knave that liveth," to be
bound round the culprit's arm. Drake threatened that he
would hang him if he took it off, or ever appeared before
the mast!
SFor such reasons some captains were not prepared to
take chaplains with them. Furthermore the conditions of Chapel-H.M.S. Formidable April -May, 1946 3




safety to enjoy the blessings of the land, with the fruits of the more I dread seeing my brother in such a disagreeab our labours, and with thankful remembrance of Thy situation of life." mercies to praise and glorify Thy Holy Name; through The 19th century saw the dawn of better things. In 18 Jesus Christ our Lord." the Admiralty wanted Chaplains so badly, that they really
"Prevent us, O Lord, in all our doings, with Thy most tackled the causes which made them scarce and inferior gracious favour, and further us with Thy continual help; All ships down to fifth-rate were ordered to carry the that in all our works begun, continued, and ended in Thee, Recruitment and control was entrusted to a permanent we may glorify Thy Holy Name, and finally by Thy mercy Chaplain-General paid by the Admiralty. "Groats" were obtain everlasting life; through Jesus Christ our Lord." abolished, and improved regular pay started. The incre
But this great advance could not adequately make up for ments of this pay-scale and the provision of pensions make the unfavourable factors we have seen at work. In 1676/7 it clear that "continuous service" chaplains were desired Samuel Pepys tried to set things right. He directed his
attack particularly against the poor quality of chaplains.
Only a candidate who gave the Secretary of the Admiralty a written certificate from the Archbishop of Canterbury or
the Bishop of London of "the piety, learning, conformity,
and other qualifications of the said person fitting him for
the said charge," was in future to receive a warrant to serve
as Chaplain.
Shortly after this Henry Teonge, the parson of a small
Warwickshire parish, was driven by pressure from his These regulations were successful. During the remainder creditors to spend four years at sea. He wrote a most at- of the century they were supplemented by other orders, tractive diary of his experiences (The Diary of Henry which in effect produced the modern position. In 1844 Teonge, edited by G. E. Manwaring, Routledge, 1927). chaplains were first appointed by commission. In 1860 it
On 5th June, 1675, shortly after he embarked, he wrote, was decided that "Chaplains shall not hold any military "And here I might tell you what Providence put into my rank, but they are to be treated with the respect due to their hands (useful to one so much in want). Early in the morn- sacred office. The Chaplain-General in 1879 received the ing I met a rugged towel on the quarterdeck, which I soon official title "Chaplain of the Fleet," and in 1902 became secured. And soon after Providence brought me a piece an Archdeacon under the Archbishop of Canterbury. of an old sail and an earthen chamber pot; all very helpful But this is not the whole story. Whatever the condition to him that had nothing." and rate of pay we must in every period allow for the work
By the 22d June, despite some bad weather, he decided and influence of chaplains, who were real men of Go, that "no life at shore is comparable to this at sea, where Some of them we know. For example, the saintly Thoma we have good meat and good drink provided for us and Ken, later Bishop of Bath and Wells and Nonjuror, whose good company and good divertisments, without the least voice was "like to a nightingale for the sweetness of it," care, sorrow, or trouble; which will be continued if we served at sea in 1683. Far more important, however, have forget not our dutie-viz. loyalty and thankfulness." been those chaplains, who without fuss and noise humbl From this opinion Teonge never wavered, did their duty. Although their deeds are unrecorded, th
But we must return to our main theme. Pepys' scheme are largely responsible for the trust and respect, whic of testing continued till 1812, and the Chaplains remained their successors receive today. warrant officers till 1844. Thus the modern chaplain holds a unique position. He
But the evils Pepys had tried to conquer reappeared after has a "sacred office." Out of respect for this office he is his death. During the greater part of the 18th century "commissioned," butbecause he has such a function he is they were aggravated by the general decline in religious different from any other officer. His duty is to be "a frien life. Lord Barham, First Lord of the Admiralty at the and adviser" (as the modern regulation puts it) to "all on time of Trafalgar, said that during his first 16 years in board." the Navy he never heard prayers or Divine Service used. Like other officers he messes in the wardroom. Since Yet the Naval Regulations definitely ordered "Divine 1939 he has worn the ordinary Naval officer's uniform Service to be performed morning and evening on every when serving with the Navy,or khaki when serving Wi King's ship according to the liturgy of the Church of Eng- the Royal Marines. land, and a sermon preached on Sundays, unless bad But his uniform has no marks of rank. He wears a cap weather or other extraordinary accidents prevent it." with a distinguishing badge and black-braided peak. Even
There were not sufficient chaplains to go round. Many this uniform is not compulsory. Before the recent war of them were unsuitable. Some went to sea because they clerical collar and stock, a sober suit, and either black felt had to; some were chosen by captains to minister to hat or college cap (much favoured) of plain braided yacht, their own comfort and amusement-like the chaplain ing cap were the regulation dress. On formal occasions th shown in Hogarth's painting of Captain Lord George Gra- old clerical court dress was worn. ham; others drew the pay without doing the work. Horatio For church services the dress is the same as ashore, save Nelson probably summed up the position when in 1781 he for an emblem woven in silver and gold on the ends of the wrote to his brother William who was considering becom- black silk scarf. ing a chaplain "the more I see of Chaplains of men of war, Thanks to this official position and to the tradition of
4 The Army and Navy Chapilig




trust and friendship which he inherits from the past the THIS ONE WOULD TAKE A PRIZE chaplain is in an excellent position for his work both with Chaplain Anthony J. Urbanski, while stationed at Fort fficers and men. All know that he has a "sacred office," Des Moines, Iowa, WAC Barracks, phoned the paint shop and that it is his duty to be a friend and adviser to all. for a door sign. They asked him to spell out the words. They expect him to live up to the first, and to be the second. Here is the sign as he received it:
The Chaplain of the Fleet is as unique among Depart-g mental Heads as the chaplain among commissioned officers. He is not an Admiral or Vice-Admiral, but an Archdeacon. He wears "gaiters" like other Archdeacons ashore.
He is always a regular Naval Chaplain of great experience. His "Archdeaconry" contains-in peacetime about
100, in wartime over 400-chaplains.
Since 1812 he has controlled the initial appointment of
chaplains, and thereafter, in friendly collaboration with
Captains, shaped their careers.
After a period of training by an experienced chaplain
the "new entry" goes to his first "parish." It may be a ship,
a Naval or Royal,Marine shore establishment, or a Naval
hospital. As far as possible the average number of parishioners is 1000.
He may have an Admiralty church like St. Michael and
All Angels, Depot Royal Marines, Deal. Or he may have
a little chapel like that in H.M.S. Formidable. He may
have to improvise in some spare space on board (not easy
to find nowadays) or carry his "portable church" round
with him.
At least since 1147 regular worship has been a constant
ideal for the King's ships. The modern regulations are in
substance and wording much the same as in Lord Barham's ancient custom to use the ship's bell as a font. days and much better obeyed. As then, so now the weather All these services occupy the chaplain for perhaps and the circumstances may modify the services or prevent hours a week. He spends the remainder of his time tryin them altogether. to be a "friend and adviser" to all on board, and it is hard The main service of the week is held on Sunday morn- in such notes as these to do more than give a list of some ing. All Officers and men not on duty are expected to at- of the forms this aim takes. Pastoral work and religious tend. Before and during it the church pendant is flown, instruction (for which there are considerable opportuni(This pendant has been used for this purpose at least since ties), welfare work, visiting (including the sick bay daily), 1778.) running the Ship's Library, organizing concerts, writing
When possible "church is rigged" on the quarterdeck. notes on ports and places to be visited, arranging games, The service is Morning Prayer with Sermon. Care is taken picnics, sight-seeing tours when the ship is in ports; these to choose good hymns, because sailors sing well and discuss and many other activities make his week a full one. the choice made critically afterward. The singing is ac- Most chaplains are Church of England, but provision is conpanied by a Royal Marine Band (when available) and made for the other denominations. They have their own a harmonium. The naval prayers quoted earlier are used. services and their own chaplains. A few of them go to sea, Many of the congregation know them by heart and are where they are accommodated in one ship for fleet or quick to notice any mistakes. The service ends with the squadron duties (they are never chaplains of particular singing of either the last verse of "Eternal Father, strong ships). There are usually three more in each of the main to save" or the first and last verses of "Holy Father in Thy shore establishments. Often ashore local clergy act as Mercy" and the National Anthem. "officiating ministers" to their own men. The system
The Sunday evening service, which in Barham's day was works well, owing to the personal friendship and good in theory compulsory, is now voluntary. It is held during understanding between the chaplains of all the churches. the "dog-watches," and often takes the form of a lantern What is the secret of success? First the chaplain must service yand hymn singing. develop a real love for his men and a pride in their traThe Holy Communion is celebrated "at least on every ditions and achievements. Second, and much more fundaSunday when practicable"-certainly far more frequently mental, he must strive to be a real ambassador of Jesus than in the 18th century. Christ. He can only do this if he tries to follow the advice There are prayers daily after the inspection of the ship's which Bishop Corfe of Corea (himself for 15 years a most company by divisions. They last for ten minutes and con- wonderful Naval Chaplain) gave to a young parson who sist of a hymn followed by the Lord's Prayer and two or was considering entering the Service "Say your prayers, three other suitable prayers. keep your idea of what a priest should be as high as I hope From time to time the Chaplain is called on to baptize, it is now, and God bless you in as difficult and fine a job marry or bury his parishioners and their children. It is an as a man can lay his hands to." April-May, 1946 5 ;i ..5




Religion in a Prisoner of Wa
Camp in Japan
By CHAPLAIN JAMES E. DAVIS, USN
Only two of the five Navy chaplains taken prisoners by the Japanese survived. They were James E. Davis and Earl R. Brewster, both of whom have written of their experiences for The Army and Navy Chaplain.
Davis was held for three years and nine months, during which time he
was the only United States chaplain in his prison camp.
C APTURED in Guam on December 10, 1941, after one OVERCOMING OBSTACLES
month I was taken to Japan for the balance of the The material obstacles were numerous. Although th ar, spending all except the last two and one-half months Japanese granted permission for services, they did little: the Zentsuji Prisoner of War Camp, Shikoku Island, aid us. Since no space was available for the purpose, son
n. of the prisoners gave up their living compartment for w.
is difficult to curb the expression of man's religious ship on Sundays. Those who did not desire to attend wev even in a prisoner of war camp in Japan. It was not visiting during that hour. There was not even one hym after the opening of the Zentsuji camp on January 15, book in the camp, and it was necessary for us to rack of that divine services were organized. On the second brains for the words of familiar hymns. As many vez y, services were held, and they were continued with as we could remember, we copied into notebooks p a few breaks until the end of the war. chased in the canteen. Thus originated the Zentsuji hym entsuji was fortunate in its religious program, since book, which made possible some lusty singing. A tabl st of the prison camps under Japanese custody had no was used as an altar and a navy tablecloth to cover it. A aplains, although a number of them had some form of cross and a pulpit were constructed from wood salvage religious observance without the aid of a chaplain. The from Japanese construction work in the camp. Fortunate Japanese did not disperse the chaplains among the camps, where spiritual resources are adequate, very little mater as was done to some degree in the case of the doctors. In aid is necessary. During those early days, well over a he fact, in some sectors, the chaplains of the Allied forces dred of the approximately five hundred prisoners in t were regarded with suspicion by the Japanese. Such chap- camp at that time crowded into the compartment. It lains as were attached to their military forces were largely unfortunate that the winter weather did not permit propaganda agents and were used in no small degree to holding of the services out of doors because in this whip the fighting spirit of the men. Their religious func- more people could have attended. After four or tion was relatively less significant in their military program months, a larger room, called the conference hall, than in ours. made available for religious services, entertainment, an
This may help to account for the fact that Zentsuji lectures.
ended up with seven chaplains, while so many of the As time went on, worship materials increased, than camps had none. Along with some instances of Japanese mainly to the Red Cross, International Y.M.C.A., and t perverseness, it helps to explain the difficulties encountered incoming chaplains. The new equipment included al by some of the American chaplains in the Philippines in cloths, vestments, communion sets, a metal cross, byn carrying on their work, and why religious services were and prayer books, and a good selection of religious boo prohibited altogether in some camps. for the library. Communion wine was manufactured
But religious observance was not prohibited in Zentsuji, the camp from Red Cross raisins and prunes. Flowers WVe and here we find an interesting development and expres- brought in from time to time by working parties, and0 sion of religion under abnormal and difficult conditions. some special occasions the Japanese furnished them. During the first six. months, I was the only chaplain in should also be noted that the Australian Catholic chapl wasFather Turner, secured some vestments from the R0n Zentsuji. During those early days, religious interest was Father Turner, secured some vestments from the Ro hCatholic bishop in Japan. This bishop also visited the cas high, largely as a result of the harrowing experience of once. He was the only clergyman in Japan who secured p the war. Many of us felt that we were living on borrowed mission to do this. On one occasion, the Episcopalian b time and were thankful to God for our preservation. We op sent some communion wine. We wrote to Kagawa b also strongly felt the need of divine support in our time of received no answer. We were unable to secure hymnbo trouble. As soon as we secured the necessary permission or other materials from any individual Christian church from the Japanese, we expressed our thanksgiving and in Japan. It was very difficult to do business through praise to God in worship. Japanese army.
6 The Army and Navy Chapl'




CHAPLAINS IN CAMP was a propaganda camp, this officer's attitude may help to It has been mentioned that eventually there were seven explain the relatively good treatment in our camp. haplains who were prisoners of war in Zentsuji. On July RETREATS, CONFIRMATIONS, BAPTISMS 9, 1942 one Church of England and one Roman Catholic
chaplain arrived with the Australian officers from Rabaul From time to time, there were confirmation classes and or near-by stations. As soon as materials were available, retreats. In the former, instruction was given to those who the Catholics were able to hold mass. They also had their were planning to become church members following their own prayer periods, classes, and retreats. On July 30, 1943, liberation. The retreats afforded those wishing it the optwo Church of England chaplains arrived, and on Septem- portunity to maintain maximum quiet, spiritual examinaher 2, 1944, a Church of England and a Catholic English tion, and meditation for a period of two or three days. haplain came in. These comprised the total of seven. The Without a doubt the most valuable weekly religious acrelatively large number of chaplains tended to make the tivity was the daily morning prayer period between morning religious work more interesting and easier for the chap- muster and breakfast. The Americans heartily entered into ains, as well as to give a wider variety of religious services this service which is customary with the Anglicans. For a to the P.O.W.'s in Zentsuji. However, it was unfortunate period of almost three years, these services were held each that the Japanese did not permit the distribution of the day by both the Protestants and the Catholics almost withchaplains to other camps where they were more urgently out a break. The five or ten minutes were spent in meditaneed'ed. Regular meetings of the chaplains were held for tion, prayer, and scripture reading. A prayer list was kept, business, and mental and spiritual uplift. There was also and special events and anniversaries were remembered. Svestry committee composed of two representatives from There were six Protestant baptisms in the camp. Many each nationality (English, Australian, Dutch, and Ameri- who had been baptized had a new spiritual awakening. an). Ten funerals were performed in the camp. All except There were religious activities other than the regular one of these were Protestant. The ceremonies were held Sunday morning services. Both the Protestants and Catho- in the camp, the bodies cremated outside, and the remains lics had a choir. Eventually, a piano accordion was avail- buried in a Japanese cemetery in a special section set ble for accompaniment. The combined choirs put on a spe- aside for the prisoners of war in our camp. Rock slabs, al concert on Easter and Christmas. Most of the music wooden crosses, and flowers were provided by the Japaas written in the camp, although in 1944 the Red Cross nese. This was decidedly different from the procedure ent some music for choruses. It was no easy job to secure when the Japanese captured Guam. At this time no Chrise time, the place, and permission for rehearsals. tian burial was permitted.
So much for the religious activities in Zentsuji. NatuSTUDY GROUPS rally, much was accomplished by the personal counseling A number of discussion groups were held on various of the chaplains and others. The trying conditions gave pertinent topics, from the Christian ethic according to ample opportunity for this. It is also interesting that the iebuhr to the place of the church in the postwar world. chaplains were often called upon to answer questions One special committee composed of representatives from raised by the prolific reading of religious books, of which each of the four nationalities completed a series of sessions there was a good collection in the library. on the subject, "What is Wrong With the Church and I have not been able to ascertain many definite facts What Should Be Done About It?" I have a copy of these concerning the religious life in other P.O.W. camps. The Wings. Since Zentsuji was an officers' camp, these discus- American officers who had been in the Philippines said that sions were interesting and fairly comprehensive. There the chaplains there did a great work. I have heard of inwere approximately 700 officers and 100 enlisted men in stances in which inspired Christian laymen carried on the camp during most of the time. where there were no chaplains. On the way home from There were Bible classes and series of lectures on church Japan I met one man who had been a loyal worker in history and comparative religions. On one occasion a Japa- Zentsuji and was transferred to another camp. He said nese officer attended my Bible class with his own Bible. that he had carried on there, giving regular religious talks He did not continue coming because he thought that it and performing funerals. This case could no doubt be would be bad for discipline. This man, Lt. Hosatani, also multiplied. In Singapore there were numerous religious ent me Perritz's Old Testament History. He was an ex- classes and activities. However, in some camps no reliEnglish teacher and a professing Christian but seemed gious services were permitted. But whenever it was possistrongly loyal to the Japanese government and army. ble, Christian P.O.W.'s carried on as best they knew how long with the fact that for the first year or so Zentsuji inthe spirit of their Master.
Addresses! This office is hard put to it to keep up with your changes of address. Will you do two things? First: Send us a card with each change you make. Second: Notify your last Postmaster of your change and arrange for the forwarding of THE ARMY
AND NAVY CHAPLAIN.
4'il-May, 1946 7




Prisoner of War Evacuation from Jap
By CHAPLAIN J. A. KNIGHT, USNR
The Navy chaplain on board the USS Sanctuary writes about his experiences and observations in the evacuation of allied prisoners of war from Japan.
"To proclaim liberty to the captives, and the wanted to talk about their faith that pulled them throw
opening of the prison to them that are their gratitude for life, their hopes and plans for bound." ISAIAH 61:1. future. I purposely refrained from scattering relig literature over the wards. Instead, I only let it be k
THE evacuation of allied prisoners of war from Japan that I had in my possession an abundance of Bibles, N was a thrilling and dramatic task performed joyously Testaments, and other religious material. If they as
by both Army and Navy personnel. The USS Sanctuary for religious literature, then I knew they wanted it (AH-17), the Navy's newest hospital ship and my parish would use it. I was swamped with requests for relig since its commissioning, played a major role in evacuating material. And the literature was used. A number of the liberated prisoners from Wakayama, the debarkation had entered camp with Bibles, but one of three things point for all prison camps in the southern half of the happened to them-they were destroyed by the Japan
Island of Honshu, and a smaller part at atomic-bombed lost, or worn out from heavy duty.
Nagasaki, the evacuation point for the Island of Kyushu. The prisoners came to church-many who should
The prisoners of war were of all nationalities. The remained in bed. They sang, they prayed, they listene.
American servicemen were those captured on Wake, awe to our Hammond electric organ. When we sang Guam, Bataan, Corregidor, Java, and from many of our Country 'Tis of Thee," they cried. I did my best to pra ships and planes which were lost. worthwhile sermons to them, but in my heart I was o
Strange as it may seem, these prisoners from America whelmed with humility, for these fellows' lives pread
and the allied nations were in good spirits and not espe- the noblest sermon I had ever heard. They had been tes cially bitter. Their physical condition was ghastly. Their and had not been found lacking in spiritual stren faces bore the marks of the horror they had endured so "Could we have endured likewise?" was the question long. For those who survived, the past three and a half our lips. I used every minute to counsel with these fell years were a nightmare filled with disease, biting cold, about their problems and their future plans. Many starvation, punishment, and hard work. I talked and asso- them had not heard from home for months or even ye dciated with hundreds and hundreds of these prisoners in Home was to them not a reality but a rosy dream. Japan and on the trips out of Japan. They talked freely remembered only the good, the fine, the beautiful at and without hesitation about their past, and the interesting their homes. Without being pessimistic I told them stories got from them will be remembered always. The things had changed at home. They should be prepare lives of these fellows-their courage, their endurance, accept heartache as well as joy. A number of these their faith, their prayers, their appreciation and knowledge tients would have to be hospitalized for a long time, of the essentials of life-were a cleansing experience and they expected to go straight home. I kept telling th a challenge for all of us. that I knew they would win in every way, for a per
Facilities were established on the beach for processing who had survived the treatment in a Japanese prison c
all prisoners as they arrived by train or truck. Before being surely would not be defeated by problems of adjust
transferred to the ships, the prisoners were fed, deloused, to normal living.
bathed, clothed, medically examined, given the opportunity of sending a cablegram home, and interviewed by the ELIGION IN THE PRISON CAMPS
War Crimes' Commission, a representative of each pris- Those of us who are interested in the value of relig oner's country, and a chaplain of the man's faith. in life, and especially in a crisis, immediately ask quest About the actions and reactions of the believers and THE LIBERATED ABOARD THE SANCTUARY unbelievers who dwelt in the dark tombs of imprisons
The chaplain's work aboard ship with the liberated "Were there mass conversions in the prison camps?" "i
prisoners was varied and challenging. In the realm of the Japanese permit the holding of religious services recreation we offered the complete facilities of the ship. "Who conducted services, if they were permitted?" '
Since the prisoners had not tasted ice cream since their a dozen other questions spring into the mind!
captivity, we furnished it between meals everyday. They There were services of divine worship held in all were given air mail stamps, stationery, magazines, books, prison camps. In some camps the Japanese forbade and games in abundance. They listened to the latest holding of religious services. When this happened, s phonograph recordings and were shown movies, given ices were held in secret. In some camps only the reat band concerts, and led in group recreation. of the Bible and the offering of prayers were allowedThese people were hungry for spiritual guidance. They preaching and no singing. "We missed our hymn-sing
8 The Army and Navy Chap!




A%4L
U. S. Hospital Ship Sanctuary
most of all, for it brought us joy in dark moments, and ously wounded by falling packages). They cried, and hen we had to give it up, it almost killed us." Thus prayed, and ate, and became sick; and then prayed, and ate, spoke one prisoner of war. and became sick again.
The fellows conducted their services. Only a few chap- A lieutenant of the Dutch Navy told a simple story of lains ever arrived in Japan with their fellow prisoners. how he became a "believer" in prison camp. He discovered e evacuated one chaplain-Sam E. Donald, of the U. S. one day Beverley Nichols' book The Fool Hath Said. With rmy-a Methodist from Virginia. He had literally gone time on his hands, he decided to read the book. He was through hell. Seldom had he been allowed to conduct serv- so impressed with its contents that he studied it thorices of worship, funerals, or perform the other duties of oughly. "The book is responsible for my conversion to the ministry. He functioned as a chaplain, but his good Christianity," he stated. His wife and little daughter, works were done in secret. whom he had not seen for five years, were members of the These prisoners were no ordained ministers but when Dutch Reformed Church. His countenance glowed with a a1owed, they conducted funerals for their comrades, ob- mystic radiance when he spoke of how thrilled these two served the Sacrament of Holy Communion (may the strict would be over his decision for Christ. "Now I can become ecclesiastics forgive them!), and worshipped devoutly.. a member of their church and attend with them." Hundreds of prisoners told me about their V-J Day During the processing of prisoners on the beach of Services of Thanksgiving. (At this point you are probably Wakayama, one bright-eyed British boy spoke to me and asking how they got the news. Well, the prisoners kept said, "Padre, at a time like this I gotta talk with a chapup with the events made public by Japan by smuggling lain." "Sure," I replied, "we'll sit down here and chat." newspapers from their places of work in the factories and He spoke rapidly and with deep emotion: "This is such a mines. The newspapers were taken back to camp and read wonderful experience, this freedom, that I want to thank in hiding by those who had learned to read Japanese. somebody for it. We wouldn't have survived another Then the information spread by word of mouth through- winter. We are alive, and do you know why or how? out the camp. Through this medium the news of Japanese Prayers kept us alive. It was an inner voice which gave uis surrender reached the prisoners before announced by the faith and hope and courage. We have so much for which prison officials.) All prison camps held V-J Day Services. to be thankful. Thank God for this day." The prisoners said that while they had sung the Doxology Yes, these prisoners tapped the rich resources of Chrisefore, now they lifted their emaciated and tear-strewn tianity for light and hope in the dark nights of their soul. faces to the skies and sang with joy and exultation, "Praise Buried in the tombs of utter emptiness and despair, they God from Whom all blessings flow, praise Him all crea- struggled hard to survive in the face of a thousand deres here below." One prisoners declared the angels structive foes. Many lost the fight, for the odds were too joined them in singing. They testified that this was the great. Those who live today won their toughest and longunforgettable moment of their lives. est battle because they possessed ample supplies "of the An experience of spontaneous worship took place when will to live" and faith in the purpose and worthwhileness the B-29 planes parachuted food to the camps. Never did of life. the story of the Israelites and the manna become so real
for them. Here they were starving, and the windows of WERE THERE ANY JAPANESE CHRISTIANS? heaven opened and rained food upon their heads (and this I asked hundreds of these prisoners if they had met any literally, too, for we evacuated several who had been seri- Japanese Christians where they worked in the mines, in
April- May, 1946 9




Jimmy Doolittle's men, Sergeant Jacob D. Deshazer, pla to return to Japan as a Protestant missionary. He was prisoned by the Japanese when his Hornet-based B-25 w forced down in China. In spite of the cruel treated which he received at the hands of the Japanese, he is firm convinced that love, understanding, and education are th weapons powerful enough to change the Japanese.
No prisoner ever said that Christianity had failed Japan, for most of them realized that before the war Ic than one per cent of the Japanese people were profession Christians. What Japan needs is more Christians, th testified.
THE PRISONERS' SENSE OF HUMOR
Never have I seen a group of people who possessed finer sense of humor. They told wonderful stories abo everything from the communal bath tubs which they sat to keep warm to the bushels of flea powder (sorely needed
Some of the healthiest of all the liberated prisoners of war dropped on their camps by the B-29 planes. The follow
in the ambulatory ward of the USS Sanctuary. ing is a typical story:
Outside one prison camp the Japanese guards had the factories, in the fields, and in the camps. Many re- prisoners build an entertainment platform. The Japan ported that they had met one here and one yonder. Such often demanded entertainment, and our prisoners
nished it. One prisoner composed a song entitled "Boots
people told them that they were Christians on the sly and wished it. One prisoner composed a song entitled "Boo. then went on to express their Christianity by little acts of In this song he sought to portray the endless marching kindness and mercy. For instance, a Japanese Christian and from the mines, fields, and factories. He sang it de kmdOness and mercy. For instance, a Japanese Christian ...".
, . ,., ens of times, and it was a Japanese favorite. When 11 would bring them a little rice, an onion from the fields, or ens of times, and it was a Japanese favorite. When B-29's dropped food and clothes on the camp, it so ha give them the half of a cigarette. It seems that sincere cmtsh > ..o opened that five hundred pairs of boots landed on the plt Christians will express themselves, even in a type of cata- nd h tered i o osandep comb life, form and splintered it into a thousand pieces. comb life.
For a while one prison camp had a guard who was a A CROSS DOMINATED DEVASTATED NAGASAKI
Christian. He did all in his power to make life bearable In the heart of atomic-bombed Naasaki we saw a s . In the heart of atomic-bombed Nagasaki we saw a sig for those prisoners under his jurisdiction. He liked to that etched itself on our memories There had been sing hymns, and one of the prisoners often accompanied beautiful Christian Church located in central Nagasaki. n him on a guitar. His favorite hymns were "Blest Be the Tie That Binds" and "Onward Christian Soldiers." the midst of complete devastation the frame of this chur
One prisoner related the story of meeting a devout and was still standing. The tower stood tall and erect, carryi sincere Japanese youth who was studying to be a Chris- on its peak a cross. The church tower and cross dominate the mass of ruins and stood as a silent but unfailing test' tian. He read the New Testament and asked many ques- the mass of ruins and stood as a silent but unfailing te tions about the teachings of Jesus. His mind was alert and money to a way of life where love and brotherhood philosophical. He hoped that one day he would be eligible supreme instead of hate and destruction. Nobody V to claim the name "Christian." forget the mystic beauty of this scene, and nobody, I prm
One group of prisoners made some splendid contacts will fail to profit from the experience of seeing such
One group of prisoners made some splendid contacts ?8
with a Japanese Salvation Army worker. This Christian sobering and worshipful sight. did dozens of merciful deeds for them. He even succeeded 1 1 in getting them some Bibles and prayer books.
Another group of prisoners became acquainted with a I Saw Missions in Action In New Guinea Japanese Catholic priest. He succeeded in getting permis- (Continued from page 1) sion to say Mass for the Catholic personnel in some of the It is their own responsibility and their own mission fid prison camps and also to conduct devotional services for Reports from other mission fields in other lands a the Protestants. similar to that from New Guinea. The younger Christi The prisoners expressed interest in the future of Japan. Churches evidence a strength and a devotion which W They were unwilling to believe, like some of our people, evident in the early centuries of Christianity. The streng that certain groups of God's children could not be taught of the young Churches is always evident in these th decency and respect for their fellow men or the love and areas, the actual practice of the faith, separatism and in worship of God. Certain of the prisoners fervently ex- est in missions of the extension of God's Kingdom. pressed themselves about how the present time is the great Obviously this power of God, inherent in His Gospel, opportunity for Christian missions in Japan. They declared not the sole property of any one denomination. Got that this was the plastic stage in Japanese life. The "seven Gospel will work wherever men and women open th devils" have been cast out. Something better has to replace hearts and their lives to its message. I saw it work in N the devils or else they will return. This is why one of Guinea. 10 The Army and Navy :haplo




Visiting Our Chaplains in the ETO
PART II
By N. M. YLVISAKER
During the closing months of 1945, the President of the Army and Navy Chaplains' Association, Dr. N. M. Ylvisaker, visited the European Theater of Occupation where he was given a rare opportunity to observe conditions and meet with many Army chaplains. A brief report of his experiences appeared in the January-February issue of The Army and
Navy Chaplain. Here is the second installment.
OUR first report from our visit to the ETO was made lain Corps and by the Corps itself. Nor did these men
from Paris, where we spent several days in constant hesitate to plead with us to help maintain the morale of touch with the ETO Deputy Senior Chaplain, with Chap- this Corps on the highest level of efficiency and efficacy lains in his office, with individual chaplains in the Seine during the trying months and years ahead for those who Base sector and with local American and French clergy, should be selected to minister to the men of the army of In the month of rapid travel to follow, frequent group occupation. It is no secret that most of these leaders today conferences, and almost continual personal conferences consider the chaplain to be one of the most valuable men with individual chaplains and ranking officers in France, serving in the armed forces of our country. What a recogBelgium, Germany, and Austria, we were to appreciate nition this is for the regenerating power of the Christian how valuable our Paris stay had been because of the religion and how heartening for those of us who have concontacts established, and because of detailed and help- sistently contended for a ministry to be placed entirely on ful information made available to us there. We were a religious-spiritual level! given a real introduction to overseas conditions affectingRENCE ARRANGED us as members of an army of occupation, and our pre- CONFERENCES ARRANGED liminary contacts in the Seine sector were to be for us an Chaplains' conferences were held during the month of orientation in approaches which must later be made November and early December at the following strategic throughout the theater, if our mission should be crowned centers, all of them at or near strategic army or military with any degree of success. headquarters: Le Havre, Brussels, Antwerp, Rheims, Let it be emphasized again that the entire Chaplains' Frankfurt, Wiesbaden, Heidelberg, Munich, Bamberg, and Association, and certainly its president, owes a debt of for Austria at Vienna, Linz and Salzburg. Visits were gratitude to Chaplain (Col.) E. R. Carter, Deputy Senior made to chaplains at a considerable number of individual Chaplain of the ETO, who with his assistants and with embarkation ports, at camps, prison camps, hospitals, uniArmy Base and sector chaplains did so much to make versity centers, concentration camps, war crime trials, and this tour not only possible, but prepared to meet any headquarters commands. We inspected chapels and emergency. It was through the work of his office that the churches set aside for army church worship service, even Washington directives for the tour were brought properly those placed in old French and Austrian forts. We were to the personal attention of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, invited to preach to or address large Army audiences at Allied Commander-in-Chief, with the immediate result Paris, Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Linz, and Vienna. And we that remarkable clearance papers were issued for the tour had the rare privilege, because of our status as War Corfrom ETO headquarters bearing General Eisenhower's sig- respondent, to sit in at the War Crime trials at Dachau nature and making it possible for the representative of the and at Nuernberg, where we not only listened in on the Chaplains' Association to travel in the status of a general proceedings as the crimes against civilization were charged officer. Only those who know travel conditions in war- against prisoners of high and low degree, but were the ravaged Europe can appreciate. what that means. Trans- guests of those in charge of the trials who discussed freely portation and billeting facilities of the highest order were personalities involved as their characters became revealed generously provided everywhere, and because of these through constant association while under guard by these orders ranking officers throughout the entire theater were officers, psychiatrists, psychologists, intelligence officers, most insistent that every reasonable provision be made for and chaplains concerned. our welfare, and every channel open for a successful con- More than three hundred chaplains attended the conclusion to the intention of the visit with our chaplains. ferences arranged. Oftentimes we discovered that chaplains had travelled by jeep up to two hundred miles over
CHAPLAINS OF VALUE TO OCCUPATION FORCES rough roads, through snow and fog and cold, to be present May it be stated here, too, that every one of these offi- at the conference. Most of the conference periods lasted cers, without exception, spoke only in terms of highest from two to three hours, with an address which tried to commendation for the service rendered, sometimes under strike a highly spiritual note given as a basis for the disthe most difficult circumstances, by members of the Chap- cussion period, which then became a feature of the conApril-May, 1946 11




ference-these periods being preceded or directly fol- follow from a system which makes it practically impossi, lowed by a fellowship dinner, arranged by the ranking for Catholic chaplains to reach the necessary seventy-th chaplain of the sector visited, points for redeployment or for eventual separation fro overseas units. It is obviously a system which does n
CHAPLAINS DISCUSS PROBLEMS work out in the Chaplaincy. And our recommendation
The discussion periods were made helpful by an invita- Washington was joined with that of every chaplain pr. tion given at the outset for all to reveal problems dis- ent at these conferences that this system be given nmei covered to exist or to persist, and to offer constructive ate study to be replaced by a system which applies-fo criticism or make recommendations for the improvement instance one which is based rather on length of service, of a ministry to which all of us were consecrated and about length of overseas service, combat experience, depended which we were all vitally concerned. The fact that most cies, demand for service in home churches, and fai of the conferences had to be dismissed before all problems situations and difficulties. had been cleared is, we believe, an indication of the lively There was evidenced the crying need for replacement interest which was taken in the discussion which always chaplains, this supply having unexpectedly been disco became a feature of the conference. Ranking chaplains- tinued in May, 1945, with the result that combat-we generally presided. At Frankfurt the ETO Senior Chap- chaplains were still kept active in important details. lain, Chaplain (Col.) Tiemrnan presided and took active There was the urgent suggestion that directives be giv part in the lively discussion period. But questions were fixing definite time for service so that home churches an directed as a rule to the president of the Association who, chaplains' families might have information which seem after the matters involved had been thoroughly aired, essential to them (and the chaplain) in the period of a promised attention would be given the more vital problems justment ahead. at issue by the Chief of Chaplains office when he made his report to Washington. We should like to announce here MORALS AND SPIRITUAL LIFE that this stated promise has been kept. Every one of the Then there was the very much more serious problems problems raised have been placed before the Chief of the moral and spiritual collapse so evident to all chaplain Chaplains of the Army through the detailed and exhaustive since VE and VJ Days. A deep concern for the welfare report deposited with him after a long hearing on our officers and men was apparent as chaplains grappled wi return to Washington. Through him the report has gone this problem at every conference. That restrainingin on up to the higher echelon in the War Department for fluences must be brought to bear at once if complete mo study and for final disposition. chaos is to be averted was plain as chaplains discussed wl
The problems raised covered a wide range of issues, was happening openly and boldly. One army, the 7th, 1 many of which had caused considerable irritation, some- already by command of Lt. Gen. Geoffrey Keyes, releas times because of lack of proper information, sometimes far-reaching directives for immediate correction of a sit because of misunderstanding, sometimes because of the tion desperate enough to claim staff attention. Our repot exhausting effects of long combat experiences and because to Washington demands immediate and effective acting of long periods of separation from home and home in- and we hope it will be forthcoming. It will no longer fluences. Some of these problems resulted from unsym- to condone a situation fraught with gravest moral at pathetic attitudes on the part of commanding officers. spiritual dangers to a nation which entered this waro Some came as a result of the general spiritual and moral moral grounds and on a basis of international righted breakdown following the sudden releases of emotions and ness and justice. We cannot condemn others for their fa tensions of VE Day. All of them combined to result in ures, and condone at the same time failures of which conditions of most serious consequences for those whose are ourselves guilty. The chaplain is in this tragic siti responsibility it is to be men of God in a time of moral and tion, the army's hope for a solution which must be spiritual tension, chaos, and disaster. mediately discovered. The army must give the chapl O its every assistance in the promotion of this import REDEPLOYMENT AND POINT SYSTEM ministry. And the message the chaplain has been given
There was the ever-present problem of redeployment declare must be preached and taught with power and 9 with its point system for discharge which for the chaplains sympathetic love, for there is in this message the power resolves itself into a most impossible situation. Chaplains save even a lost world. have been separated from their units at ports of embarkation, have become casuals, made surplus, and have finally ENTERTAINMENT too often been lost in traveling units (of chaplains), all It must be the purpose of the Special Service Departe because this system does not take into account that chap- and of the Public Relations Department to keep a wat lains necessarily must become surplus when there no longer ful eye on entertainment policies for the ETO. Cheap"A remain units to be served or to which they can become at- tawdry and bawdy entertainment will not help to build tached. The system tends, too, to destroy the denomina- increase army morale. This entire problem of proper e tional assignment of chaplains on the recognized army tertainment for the overseas personnel has given and pro rata basis of three Protestant chaplains to one Catholic. giving our chaplaincy much concern. The issue was raised by Catholic chaplains themselves who at the conferences called attention to the disproportionate GENERAL PROBLEMS distribution of denominational representation which must Many other problems were given consideration: presc 12 The Army and Navy Chaplo




policies of AMGaand UNRRA; POW situations with u h the judgment of God which has come upon this city, and problems for assigned chaplains, both American and those this people, and which is crushing these defendants, the POW priests and clergymen working under American leaders of Germany, I am going back to America to cry out chaplaincy direction or supervision; insurance adjustment with the loudest voice I can muster: 'It is time that we turn for chaplains having no dependents; GI Bill of Rights in back to God, lest a worse fate befall us!' its application to the chaplaincy; Regular Army commis- For we have souls after all, souls accountable to God. sions; Reserve Corps; garrison cap insignia (cross instead It is the glory of the Chaplaincy to help men discover that of rank); recognition for chaplain's assistants; favoritism fact, and it is the privilege of the Chaplaincy to reveal Him in matters of promotions and decorations; conscription who saves to the uttermost, Him who is Himself "the way, and its effects on the teen-age group; the ministry in hos- the truth, and the life: No man cometh unto the Father pitals and permanent prison installments; and a number but by Him." of other problems, some personal in character, others of a
general relationship to the work the chaplain is called upon to promote.
From all this we hope that it is apparent to anyone that I
these conferences were conducted in a spirit of earnest Japanese Christian Chaplains regard for the many serious difficulties encountered by
chaplains in the performance of their arduous duties. How THE question has often been asked-Did the Japanese heartening it was to see how serious and earnest were these IL have any Christian clergymen from their country as men, some of whom had seen long service in combat zones chaplains in either the Army or the Navy? We have heard from Africa to Austria, so many wearing ribbons de- that Shinto and Buddhist priests were often used as such noting many and significant decorations, almost all of them with duties that might be classified as morale-building still ready to give their utmost for men called to serve in rather than spiritual. An answer to the question regarding army or navy, and practically all revealing a sympathetic Christian chaplains is found in the following extracts from understanding of the desperate lot of those who yesterday a letter by a Navy chaplain, which appeared in the 13 as our enemies wanted to rule the world with ruthless vio- September 1945 issue of The Watchman Examiner: lence and who now as the vanquished realize they have in- "This morning, I attended a native worship service herited nothing but hatred and contempt and misery, de- which is conducted every Sunday morning in my little, struction and chaotic tragedy. thatched chapel preceding my own morning service. The native pastor of the congregation is Castro P. Quimba, a
CosT OF AGGRESSION graduate of the University and Union Seminary in Manila.
One cannot travel by car as we did approximately five Won to the Lord by Baptist missionaries, he was the pastor thousand miles through these war ravaged lands and not of the First Baptist Church, Manila, until the Japanese be brought to realize how the judgment of God has come forced all Protestants to form a single federation of to these disillusioned people. Cities totally ruined, homes churches. gone, churches no more, means of livelihood destroyed, "I was amazed when he told me that Japanese chaplains transportation centers, bridges, roads, railroads, rolling were very much in evidence during the occupation of the stock bombed out of existence, nations and peoples para- Philippines. These chaplains were commissioned officers lyzed, starvation, sickness, suffering, death stalking the in the Japanese armed forces and represented all faiths land like the furies of the Apocalypse-nothing but chaos -Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Shintoism, and so and tragedy everywhere as the result of the evil ambitions on. It was his privilege to work with three Nipponese of those who persisted in leading men away from paths of Protestant chaplains in Manila. Imagine my surprise when personal, civic, national, and international righteousness I learned that one of these chaplains was none other than and good will. We saw with our own eyes the depth of Akira Chiba, a Crozerite and former roommate of mine at degradation to which a people can stoop at the Dachau Baylor University, Waco, Texas. concentration camp where 238,000 persons met horrible "It was our fellow Baptist and Christian brother, Akira death, at the Dachau and Nuernberg trials where indi- Chiba, who posted a notice on the Protestant church in viduals and a nation sat facing the judgment seat of civili- Manila warning all 'Nip' servicemen to respect and not nation and the wrath of God. to mutilate church property. While posting this notice, he was singing 'What a Friend We ,Have in Jesus.' Mr.
"TURN BACK TO GOD!" Quimba sincerely claims that Chiba is earnestly preaching
We shall long remember, however, the prophetic words Christ and Him crucified to Japanese troops.
of the ETO psychologist, a young Jewish professor from "Trusting that this information will encourage your Columbia University, who during the long days of the heart, I am Nuernberg trial was charged with the responsibility of Fraternally yours, recording the emotions and reactions of those charged DANIEL L. CARR." with the crime against all humanity, as we concluded a
discussion at an officers' billet we shared together: "I was The editors of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN are one of those smart boys who at my university used to ridi- eager for more information regarding the part Japanese ule the idea of God and who helped my students mock Christian clergymen had in their armed forces. Can other Him. But now as I stand in this place of utter ruin and see chaplains supply further information? April-May, 1946 13




Spar Cradle Watch
By PHYLLIS WALKER
Specialist (W) 2/c, USCG (W)R
A unique project sponsored by the chaplain assigned to the Coast Guard in Washington, D. C., is here described by the chaplain's specialist. SPARs in their off duty hours rendered a real service to families of service personnel.
bers, while Mrs. Drew demonstrated briefly with saf pins and even-flow bottles. As Spars registered, they we questioned about their previous experience in caring f children and those who knew most about small babies we placed on a special list. Girls were attracted by the feeo fifty cents an hour which paid for many leaves and liberti as well as numerous Christmas presents. Many regard their baby-tending as an evening's recreation, for it a forded a quiet place to read or study away from the atmosphere of the barracks. Proud of their small char Spars brought in photographs and stories of cdte sayfi with all the zeal of fond relatives. Soon the orign sign-up of sixty Spars had increased to over 200.
As the service was available to all members of armed forces, girls became acquainted with British, Frenc and Canadian as well as American families. Spars we delighted with the hospitality extended to them by parent Favorite patrons were those who turned on the radio invited the sitter to raid the icebox. Small fry began beg for the return of a particular young lady in bluewh had taken the time for a romp or a story before bedtime
The hand that rocks the cradle-and brushes the baby's hair-rules the world. The attractive SPAR is Evelyn Sandstead, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Sandstead of Sterling, Ohio. The child is Marie Louise Drew, 13-monthold daughter of Chaplain and Mrs. Monroe Drew, Jr.
7OLUNTEERING to stand by as baby sitters, sixty
U. S. Coast Guard Spars mustered for duty May 1, 1945. Recreation Officer, Ensign Vera Meagher and Chaplain Monroe Drew, Jr., originated the plan and the Chaplains' Office at Coast Guard Headquarters was immediately chosen as the most practical location for the service. When May Day newspaper publicity awoke a staggering response from military families in Washington, it was obvious that a full-time yeoman with separate telephone would be needed to record and fill appointments. "Will the Spar be able to give my baby a bottle?" "Can she cook dinner for herself and two children?" "Can you send me someone every morning for ten days on a maternity case?" Clearly, Spars were needed on the domestic front to fillOW I LAY ME DOWN TO SLEEP"
Clerly S , o fll "NOW I LAY ME DOWN TO SLEEP the most 'crying" need of the nation's capital. ,,,SEP" '
th most "crying" need of the nation's capital. Serving on "Cradle Watch" duty, SPAR Nora Larkin he At an evening meeting Chaplain Drew gave a short talk Cameron Drew, three-year-old son of Chaplain and about the workings at the Cradle Watch to charter mem- Monroe Drew, Jr., say his prayers before retiring. 14 The Army and Navy Chapid




"This the first time my husband and I have been able to more dances brought girls in after established curfew go out together for 18 months," reported one young hours. Parents who were responsible for a lateness were mother. "I never have to worry when we leave the chil- put on the black list for one month. There were no repetidren with a Spar," was a frequent telephone greeting. tions of lateness after this penalty had been given. "Please send me Dorothy Frye,"' said one harassed house- Due to demobilization of the Women's Reserve of the wife," she thinks my children are good." Spars, it was necessary to close the Cradle Watch March 3, The Coast Guard authorities found that the program 1946 after it had been functioning for ten months. Apad a wholesome morale-building effect upon the girls proximately 4,000 appointments had been filled by the who took part. Barracks life had deprived the girls of nor- service and over 300 Spars had participated. Upon receivmal home relationships. The Cradle Watch took them into ing notice of the termination, one mother remarked, "I'd homes and gave them a little of the home touch which rather they'd take away my sugar coupons." And as they had sacrificed when they entered the service. Spars took inventory of the Cradle Watch's value, one Spars, in sympathy with a prominent educator, found Spar who had been on fifty-five baby-sitting jobs said: "A that there are no problem children, only problem parents. year ago I had never cared for a young child, now I could The tendency to play one extra rubber or stay for a few write a correspondence course in child care."
A Woman Chaplain" Aboard Ship
By LIEUTENANT RUTH SMITH, WAC
bottomed trousers flapping amongst the guns and ropes
Among the unusual stories to come out of the war is and the WACs jitterbugged in equally lively fashion on the following account of how a WAC officer con- their own decks. ducted Divine Service aboard a ship at sea. The coming of Sunday brought a great problem-where
__to turn for spiritual guidance. A young lieutenant said that he could conduct the services, a quartette was availIN April 1944 the rear echelon, Headquarters, United able but none volunteered to deliver the sermon. So the IStates Armed Forces in the Far East sailed for Manila committee in charge of the church services sought out Lt. in two small ships which were a part of a large and well Colonel Mary-Agnes Brown, senior WAC officer aboard protected convoy. The women assigned to the Head- inviting her to assume the robes for the following Sunquarters, Red Cross personnel, Army Nurses and members day morning. Colonel Brown, despite the fact that she had of the Women's Army Corps travelled on a converted never mounted the steps of a pulpit on the business end of fruiter, the Cefalu, an adequate boat but by no means a a sermon, agreed to do her best in the emergency. fancy one. When the time came, the usual GI congregation gathLt. Colonel Wayne Hunter, the chaplain aboard the ered-GIs in shorts, GIs in fatigues. An odd person here Cefalu, was active throughout the first days of the voyage and there was dressed in class "A" uniform. Some were
conducted all required religious services, but on the seated on the decks and rails, others leaning against the day Iof President Roosevelt's death he became ill. The bulkheads. The services proceeded as usual. When, howship's surgeon felt that an operation would be necessary. ever, Colonel Brown stepped forward and the GIs realized Signals were sent into the blue and after a few hours a that the sermon was to be delivered by a woman there was warship came up beside the Cefalu. A breeches buoy was a great stir and a great stretching of necks. Buddy nudged shot across and a Navy surgeon came swinging over the buddy and those on the edges of the upper decks and on waves to the fruiter. A consultation resulted in a decision the lower decks who apparently were not at church at all to move the Chaplain to a ship having adequate surgical gathered about. They lingered first from curiosity and facilities. A stretcher was fastened to the breeches buoy, then from interest. the Chaplain was lashed into the stretcher and swung Colonel Brown spoke of the American GI as a product over the sea to the warship. Everyone on the decks of of American history. She talked of American colonization both ships stood by cheering and Chaplain Hunter, despite and of the Christian philosophy basic to all early charters his dilemma, waved gaily. The Navy surgeon was returned set up for colonial governments. She compared the Mayto his ship immediately following the chaplain. Then the flower Compact and the Four Freedoms. She quoted Paul band aboard the Cefalu in appreciation of the Navy's aid at great length reading a selection timely even now in played "Anchors Aweigh." When the warship's sailors which Paul gives advice to his soldiers. Chaplain Hunter, heard the music, a plea went forth for boogie woogie and upon recovery complimented Colonel Brown suggesting the captains of the two ships decided to oblige. So, in the that she had proven herself well qualified for the ministry. midst of war in a combat zone, a troop ship and a warship / Colonel Brown, a lawyer in civilian life, is now on Genstayed side by side long enough for American boys and eral Bradley's staff at the Veterans Administration, Washgirls to play. The sailors jitterbugged on their decks, bell ington, D. C., as advisor on women's affairs. April-May, 1946 15




Soldiers and the Postwar Wor
By CHAPLAIN LEIGHTON E. HARRELL, U.S.A.
PART II
IV-THE COMMUNITY form few questions were asked as to family or his place i
Servicemen returning home are going to be surprised at the community, now these questions loom large. As a r the changes which have taken place in community life. In suit many girls who once dated him with little question previous articles we have mentioned the dislocations which now are too busy to see him. have taken place in family life. Changes just as startling If he remembers the community, he will find that it h have taken place in the community life. also felt the impact of war. Community lines have changed Many of the servicemen entered the service at the age of Friends have moved away. Some of the girls are marrie, 18. They will not clearly remember the prewar community some are working or have developed new interests. Tb conditions. Those who were older will have forgotten, "old gang" is gone. Many of the places of leisurely under the influence of three or four years of service, the amusement which once he knew have been stepped up toa civilian community as it once was. For a long time they wartime tempo. It is no longer the "old home town." I will think of the civilian community as they knew it as a is a strange new world. He also finds that the problem o soldier. rationing about which he laughed while in service no How does the soldier see his community? He is largely becomes very real. He sees men still in uniform gettin a hero. He has experiences which the rest of the community things which are now denied him, and at prices which mak 1 vlian prices seem outrageous. He will say, "So this i
wants to hear. Everything possible is done for him. He is civilian prices seem outrageous. He will say, "So this fed, clothed, cared for, and has all his needs met. In ad- what I get when I come back. The heck with it." dition he has been given spending money which he did The community must prepare itself for the home-comi not have to save and which he could spend for anything soldiers. After all it sent these men forth without thi which struck his fancy regardless of price. He returns home consent. It must receive them as they return. Much h a civilian. Money now means food, shelter and security, been written about the various aid committees which ma He wastes it and he is soon destitute. be set up for the returning veteran. It is not necessary The first few days he is home everyone listens to his review them. They are a step in the right direction. Placin story, but soon other returning service men with different a veteran in a suitable job will be no small contribution stories as well as familiarity with his story rob him of his toward postwar adjustment. However, there are othe prestige. He is just one more civilian trying to make a liv- things which ought to be done. The best in the USO ought M ing. to be conserved. Suitable recreation places ought to b
As a serviceman there was the USO and Stage Door made available on a community basis. There should b Canteen and church service organizations where things veterans' clubs or organizations which will help the vete were free or sold at a nominal price. Out of uniform the ans feel that unity with other veterans which he will miss doors of the USO and Stage Door Canteen are closed to a civilian. Making a definite effort to work the veteran int him. Everything now must be bought at high war prices. the community life will be worthwhile. Re-educating bot The theaters which sold him tickets at a nominal rate now soldiers and civilians as to the respective changes in eac charge him full price. In uniform practically all doors other will bring about an understanding not otherwise pos were open to him and little was said about where he came sible. from, but once in civilian clothes people begin to remember If the community approaches the problem from th which side of the tracks he lived on. angle that the veterans are a problem which have to b When he went into service, if he was old enough, he solved, it is doomed to failure. If, however, the communi was told his job would be waiting for him, but when he starts with the premise that here are people who hae returns he finds, even if he gets his job back, that those who traveled divergent paths and who are now brought togeth remained behind have gone far beyond him and the trades permanently, it is upon solid ground. There is muchi of war are mainly not suitable for peace. both that is good which needs to be conserved and While in uniform many girls considered it a patriotic spected. There may be some in both which needs to be fo duty to be nice to the servicemen. Sometimes these girls gotten and discarded. In any event, this is a problem c paid for'the evening entertainment while out with service- mutual adjustment and a mutual realignment of though men. Some girls permitted a standard of conduct disagree- ideas and practices will be necessary. able to themselves on the excuse that the boys were going One of the finest meeting grounds for such rethinkin overseas and might never come back. Out of uniform the is in the problem of these who return wounded or wit girls will commence to look over the boys thinking in terms a partial handicap. The veterans will feel that these bu of a prospective husband. The returned-men will find that dies need care and help. With such as a simple start a date with a girl means footing the bill, and that girls point new fields of cooperation will open up until bot thinking in terms of civilians will require a different learn that neither were slackers and that their mutual c standard of conduct. He also will find that while in uni- operation is as essential in peace as in war. 16 The Army and Navy Chaplci




It needs to be re-emphasized that the community prob- will welcome him without question because he is in unilem will vary from place to place. Obviously, the small form, and because the army is strange to most people he town has a different situation from that of the country, will be petted and pampered until he is sure that he is a crossroads or the large city. Factory communities will find superior person to whom the world owes not a living, but a different problem from the residential community. The a penthouse with all accessories. guiding principle is the same. Here returns a group of An education though helpful is not too necessary so men who have lived a type of life which does not primarily long as he can handle the instruments of death and comfit them for a place in the community. The community thus mand a following among his fellows. Since government enlarged must use its own background, common sense and equipment is issued for destructive purposes and may love to absorb them with the least possible friction. To this easily be written off he feels no incentive to take care of his end the community readjusts its own life and thinking to equipment, other than that which he needs to pass inspecmake a place for those who have returned. tion. In his training he is taught to destroy and to kill. His V-THE SOLDIER enemy must be ruthlessly put out of the way, and he is taught to do that effectively and with dispatch. He becomes
The returning veteran will find himself in a strange a veteran and discovers that what has been drilled into him world-and sometimes not a too agreeable world. That for several years he must unlearn. He must plan his life, world will have to adjust itself to the returning veteran, and the days stretch endlessly before him and the hours This is not to say, however, that the veteran himself has hang on his hand. Money which came and went without not changed. He has. The full import of these changes much meaning now looms large in importance. He needs it will not be apparent for sometime to come. The veteran not for luxuries, but for food, clothing, shelter, security himself does not know they have taken place. They are not and medical care. Civilian prices are out of reach and many only the change in physical condition, but there has been a items are not available. Motorists pass him up. Girls want psychological change as well. The veteran may not be to know who he is and where he comes from. Movies aware of this change himself. We are not speaking about charge regular prices. The freedom often accorded servicethe relative small number of psychoneurotic cases, nor men is now likely to get him in trouble. The ways of war primarily about the disabled or partially disabled. They must be unlearned and he must learn to conserve each present a case of their own. We are thinking of the aver- item. He can't turn it in and get a new one-whatever it age serviceman who comes back with the experiences of is. He finds that the education which was so relatively unwar and battle behind him. important is now a necessity if he wishes much advanceEven these servicemen may be divided into two classes ment. Open air is now exchanged for a house or office which, despite similarities, present different problems. which stifles him. Even when he gets with his buddies The first of these are those who were taken at the age of and they "lay it on thick," he is conscious that he is kideighteen, or thereabouts, without any business experience, ding himself for tomorrow it is back to the grind of making and the second is the older group which will return to take a living. He remembers his chaplain and goes to church up former threads of life. to feel strange in a well appointed building. The service
The younger men went into the army without any ap- seems too formal and bears too little on his own problems. preciable ideas of the business world, and without any The minister, because of his varied congregation, speaks knowledge of what it means to be responsible for them- of many things in which the veteran is not interested. The selves. In the army their lives were planned for them. church must raise its budget, and there is the question of They were told what to do. Because it is necessary, there is denominational lines. The veteran leaves the church cyniconly a limited amount of freedom of choice even in the ally bitter as he thinks of the informal service on the hillhigher grades of noncommissioned officers, and practically side where the chaplain spoke direct to his heart. none the nearer you approach the private. He arises when If the veteran is older he is startled by the change which told, eats what is set before him, dresses according to has taken place in home, community and church and he orders, and works or drills under supervision. As has been bitterly longs for the "good old days" before the war. If indicated, the necessities of life are provided-food, cloth- he is married his children may have grown up, or his wife ing, medical care, and a nominal amount of spending becomes more self-reliant under added responsibility. He money. His insurance, for his dependents, is deducted from feels he is an outsider and out of place. The longer he is his pay and when he receives what is left he can spend it in the army the worse it will be. as he pleases secure in the knowledge that recreation, These veterans have faced death without flinching. Many amusements with talent far beyond his normal purse, and of them have had an abundance beyond what they had ever all other essentials will be furnished just the same. Money known. They have had a social equality and a racial loses its value. If something suits his fancy he will pay an equality that makes them unwilling to return to their exhorbitant price for it knowing that he doesn't have to former ways of life. Worry about money. He may gripe about this or that, but These are the veterans which are returning-eager at there is a physical security that is deadening. When he first, then perhaps disillusioned and then cynical and bitter. goes on pass or furlough the USO and Stage Door Can- There is no short road to postwar settlement of these teen and many other organizations furnish all sorts of free problems. It will be as long and as heartbreaking a job to entertainment, train fares are at rock bottom, movies are reorient the soldier for peace as it was for war. There will at a discount, motorists will ride him free of charge and be many casualties-both among veterans and civilians. perhaps hand him a piece of money just as a friend, girls But for our future welfare these adjustments must be April-May, 1946 17




made. The government is giving all discharged servicemen NOR RACE, NOR CREED, SHALL STAY THE DEED! reorientation lectures trying to prepare them for the No. 1-The joy of children is the same whether their fa change. It is giving them discharge pay to help them get be white, or brown. These happy youngsters, many settled; it is providing information service so that each whom had never before seen a movie, go into a joy frenzy as Donald Duck appears on the screen. The mo
serviceman may know that he is getting all that belongs to was part of the U. S. Army's religious and good-will w him. It has enacted the GI Bill of Rights to provide other among the natives at the French Protestant Church Miss helps. But after all these things are done there is yet a long at Houailou, New Caledonia. Sponsoring chaplain' distance to go. Lonnie Knight, of Carrolton, Miss.
No other organization should be as able to help both No. 2-Chaplain George K. Davies, U. S. Navy, meets M civilian and veteran groups to make a mutual adjustment as shallese on an atoll in the Pacific. He was a guest at th w hv Christmas celebraton, their first in thirty years of Japane the church. This is its golden opportunity. Men who have rule, which forbade such services. felt the need of God in facing death will feel the need of No. 3-Chaplain Martin C. Poch and Japanese Luther the churches' sustaining influence if the church faces up pastor of church at confirmation of a Japanese convert n realistically to the problem. It will be too late to try when photographed from modesty). The woman standing no the boys come home. to the chaplain persuaded her husband, after 38 years This series of articles is not intended to provide an answer married life, to become a Christian. The two young wo at the left are war widows.
to the problems of postwar adjustment, for many of the No. 4-At a native-built chapel Chaplain A. R. A answers are not yet known. They are intended to make USNR, reads the days prayers to one of the parishoners, the readers partially aware of the scope of the adjustments No. 5-Chaplain Marvin R. Moll hands out gifts to chi to be made, and create in them an awareness that some- dren of the Catholic Orphanage in Puteaus, sur Seine, n thing must be done. The writer sincerely believes that if Paris, France. Pascal Brunarius, of the Lutheran Church, each church, or combination of churches, in a community Paris, and one of the nuns, look smilingly on. begins now to study all available material and acquaint No. 6-Heralded by many as the most heroic deed themselves with what lies before them a large part of the World War II. The sinking of the Dorchester is pictured
battle s won, for he believes that God has put enough love artist Ben Lewis, depicting the four chaplains, Poling, Fo
battle is won, for he beeves that God has put enough love Washington and Goode, as they stand in prayer and ben of our fellowman in the hearts of both civilian and diction on the deck of the foundering ship. veteran to enable them to clasp their hands successfully in No. 7-Chaplain Roy N. Hillyer, Tenth Army, holds spei the problems of peace as they did in the problems of war. Sunday Evening Service for Okinawans who desire become Christians at Shimabuka.
No. 8-Chaplain Keefe arranges meeting between Coloi
Regional Chapters Organize Marc Musser and Bishop John A. Gregg. Left to rig Chaplain Ivan L. Bennett, Theater Chaplain; Chaplain
SEWS of chapter organization comes into our office selm M. Keefe, 135th Medical Regiment; Lt. Col. Ervin
with gratifying frequency. Elsewhere in this paper Ludwig, MC; Bishop John A. Gregg; Lt. Col. Reinr we recognize the formation of the Tokyo-Yokohama Becker, MC; Lt. Col. Walter E. Becker, Exec. O.; Colone Chapter. Information has come that the San Antonio Marc Musser, Commanding Officer, 135th Medical Re
ment, Port Moresby, Papua, New Guinea, Summer, 194 Chapter is under way. Also San Francisco and Hampton ment, Port Moresby, Papua, New Guinea, Summer, 1 Rods Chapters have done good work in organizing. No. 9-Chaplains Hersh Livazer and Arthur Brodey, a
Roads Chapters have done good work organizing. Rabbi Marc Sa, of the Rheims Synagogue, present G
Chaplain William J. Lineback writes from San Fran- contributed gifts to French children on the Jewish holidr cisco: "The interest today in the formation of a chapter Hanukkah, 1945. was marked. Although the personnel in this area on active duty will shrink from now on, there will always be Let this Chapel become a vital part of your life wil quite a group and the number of former chaplains serving stationed at this Post. Utilize its privileges for worship the churches in the area will be rather large. The group for meditation, for consultation and for fellowship to th was all in favor of the formation of the local chapter." fullest of your ability. The bravest and best soldier is on An excellent report comes through Navy Chaplain Julius who has faith and confidence in Someone better and bigg J. Nodel, Secretary of the Hampton Roads Army and thar himself. The words of Lt. General Sr. W. G. S. Do Navy Chaplaits' Association. On February 15, the group bie, hero of the island of Malta, Acting Governor an met at the Mine Depot, Yorktown, Virginia. Catholic, Commander in Chief of that valiant band of men wh Protestant and Jewish worship services were held. "A bus have endured so much, are worthy to be remembered an then took the entire group to the place of the meeting emulated by every soldier. where they were first welcomed by the Commanding "To serve God and to follow Him is a very real an Officer of the Station. . Chaplain Zimmerman, Chair- practical thing in the Army. The help that He gives is als man, introduced the speaker, Bishop William E. Brown. very real and practical, as I have proved times withol
. ." The group ended the morning with lunch at the number. I COULD NOT FACE LIFE WITHOUT HIN Officers' Mess. Those who are trying to live without Him little know wh
Chaplain Joseph R. Koch, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, they are missing. It is no small thing to know that all sends us some pertinent and constructive criticism of our past has been forgiven, that help from the hands of national constitution and a copy of the Constitution and mighty God is available for the present, and that the whol By-Laws' of the San Antonio Chapter. These suggestions future for eternity is assured." will be seriously considered by the Constitutional Com- Chapel Number 2, mittee at work on amendments to the parent document. McChord Field, Washington 18 The Army and Navy Chapl




M*
NOR RACE, NOR CREED,
SHALL STAY
THE DEED!
4f
/ U




Our Cover Picture
a d N The strategic Russell Islands, thirty miles northwest The Army an a y Chap ain Guadalcanal, were occupied by American forces late
The r and February 1943 without opposition from the Japanese.
The Professional Journal for Chaplains and Religious Christian natives of the islands (note crucifixes arou Workers their necks) bump primitive dugout canoes against CHAPLAIN CLIFFORD M. DRURY latest word in rubber landing boats as they happily recei EDITOR gifts of cigarettes from the Marines. Official U. S. Mari ASSOCIATE EDITOR ....... CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM Corps photograph.
EDITORIAL BOARD
CHAPLAINS WALTER B. ZIMMERMAN, Arlington, Virginia; The Guadalcanal Chapel
ARLINGTON A. MCCALLUM, Washington, D. C. and In response to the request contained in the Januay
WILLIAM T. BRUNDICK, Woodstock, Virginia. February, 1946, issue of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLI for information regarding the chapel at Guadalcanal ( picture of which was carried in color on the cover of th THE ARY AND NAVY CAPLAIN is not the of- issue of our magazine), Chaplain (Colonel) O. G. Grote eTEo ARM i ANDhNAVYfCHAPLAI nis no ethe of- fend has written as follows from Cleveland, Ohio, unde
facial mouthpiece of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army Cleveland, Ohio,
or of the Navy. The fact that an article appears in its date of 13 March 1946: columns does not indicate the approval of the views ex- "The Memorial Chael in the Cemet at Guadal
pressed in it by any group or any individual other than "The Memorial Chapel in the Cemetery at Guadal
the author. It is our policy to print articles on subjects of was conceived, planned and requested by Chaplain Olive interest to chaplains and religious workers although G. Grotefend of Colonel Joseph Cleland, then Comman
some or all of the opinions advanced may be at variance
with those held by the President of the Chaplains As- ing Officer of Service Command, on June 15, 1943. Th sociation, the members of the Executive Staff and the plans and the picture were approved at once and the Cha
Editors.
dors. lain proposed that it be built of Native materials for its atmospheric qualities. The sketch was presented to th natives of the Native Labor Corps and they enthusiastically The Chaplains Association of the accepted the commission. It was built as a project of th
Army and Navy of the United States Labor Corps by two sections (50) natives. They worked
1751 N Street, N.W., on their own time to make carved and inlaid Lectern, alt Washington 6, D. C. furnishing, Baptismal .and bird decorations. Native a.
terials were gotten through the normal procurement for EXECUTIVE STAFF these materials, except those especially selected for there PRESIDENT perfect and superior quality.
CHAPLAIN N. M. YLVISAKER "The laborers were paid their day labor at the accepted CHAPLAIN N. M. YLVISAKER , ,
rate but they donated extra time. Some Gifts were sent VICE-PRESIDENTS by neighboring island Christian natives to be used in t ARMY Chapel.
CHAPLAIN D. C. SULLIVAN .......................... I SC "There has been much erroneous publicity given on th
CHAPLAIN P. B. FAY ............................... IISC Chapel (some favorable), and we have never said a thing
CHAPLAIN J. P. TYLER ..... ...................... III SC to the contrary. Other Chaplains have claimed credit for
it and no correction was presented. In the book T he
CHAPLAIN R. L. ALEXANDER ....................... IV SC it and no correction was presented. In the book The
CHAPLAIN C. A. STRIDSBERG ....................... V SC Found the Church There the designer and responsible
CHAPLAIN A. N. CORPENING ....................... VI SC Chaplain is anonymous, it appearing that this Chapel is
CHAPLAIN W.A. MUNDAY ........................ VII SC the spontaneous conception of the natives themselv
This is NOT true. This Chapel is different from any native CHAPLAIN J. J. O'BARIEN ......................... VIII SC plan ever made. Its plan is my own and its material and
CHAPLAIN C. A. CARLSON ........................ NWSC construction native. The picture so widely used in adver
CHAPLAIN B. A. TINTNER ....................... At Large tising and publicity is an original pen and ink drawing of
NAVY my former clerk, Goddard William Sherman, and wa CHAPLAIN E. L. AcKIcass ....................... At Large used on our Church bulletin and dedication program.
CHAPLAIN E. P. WUEBBENS ...................... At Large "The publicity was also garbled in the figures. Fir
CHAPLAIN R. J. WHITE .......................... At Large natives built it and started on layout by engineers on about
1st of July 1943, the dedication on September 16, 194 MEMBER The Chapel is 96 feet long over-all, 28 feet wide Wit COLONEL A. S. GOODYEAR 16-foot transepts. It seated 580 persons. Lowest attend
CHAPLAIN ALVA J. BRASTED, Ret'd ances during my stay there were about 750 for Protestan and 600 for Catholic services. A Hammond organ WM EXECUTIVE SECRETARY-TREASURER sent from the States and installed and used each service
CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM The Sunday morning services were broadcast direct fro the Chapel.
20 The Army and Navy ChapldI




"When the Chapel was built I was the only Chaplain working together in the same Corps. The returning chapwith the Service Command. It was my suggestion that the lain can be a leader in promoting interfaith understanding chapel be built in the Army-Navy-Marine Cemetery and and the development of tolerance. called 'Memorial Chapel.' (Incidentally a grand scheme As far as the Protestant chaplains are concerned, they for landscaping the- cementry was also proposed.) have learned to minister to all Protestants without denomi"A great deal of interest was shown when the Chapel national labels. Why should not this same spirit of cogot under way and it was a beautiful and impressive piece operation carry over into our home communities ? Surely of native work. The idea the natives built it as a memorial the return of eight or nine thousand Protestant clergy to was considered good propaganda and there is no desire to civilian life should make a tremendous impact upon the correct this. In fact the natives made it the finest thing they ecumenical movement. Many chaplains from divided could do for this purpose. The publicity at its dedication church "family groups," such as the Presbyterian and was made an 'international affair' and was officially partici- Lutheran have expressed keen disapproval of the conpated in by New Zealand troops and the British Solomon tinued divisions within their respective denominations. Islands Protectorate Official Resident Commissioner. Why should issues born out of the Civil War keep some
"During my year of use of this Chapel, it was attended ecclesiastical bodies divided? Why should language difby all troops of all services, regardless of nationality or ferences and national backgrounds of several generations color. The following creeds worshipped there in regular ago keep other churches apart? Many chaplains will feel services, General Protestant, Catholic, Lutheran, Christian that they can and should work for church union and the Science, Jews, Seventh Day Adventists, Latter Day Saints, elimination of unchristian competition, especially in the Episcopal, and various special occasions for denomina- smaller communities of the nation. tional services. New Zealand, Australian, colored and Another valuable lesson learned from war service is Native forces used it for services." found in a new understanding of the unchurched half of
An account of the dedication of the chapel is found in our nation. Clergymen in civilian parishes are so busy Henry P. Van Dusen's book, They Found the Church with the work of their own church that they have little There (pp. 44-45). A reference to the chapel is also found time, unless they deliberately take it, to become acquainted in Senator Mead's book, Tell the Folks Back Home (p. with the nonchurch element in their community. Many of 194). Undoubtedly the Memorial Chapel at Guadalcanal these clergymen have lived in a world all of their own, is one of the best-known chapels used by American service fenced in by the multitudinous demands of their own busy personnel in the South Pacific during the recent war. parish. Chaplains in the service have been thrown into contact with these nonchurch men and women and with
many of their dependents. Many a chaplain has had his
New Techniques for Civilian Parishes eyes opened to conditions that he never dreamed existed.
More than 11,000 chaplains who served with the armed This has been a good thing both for the chaplain and for forces during the recent World War have returned to these men and women who never or rarely ever before civilian life or will do so in the near future. An additional turned to a clergyman. When the ex-chaplain goes back 1,000 (approximately) will remain in uniform or serve home, he should have a golden opportunity to capitalize with the Veterans Administration. Those who return will on his service experience in establishing contact with these be taking with them new techniques and habits, acquired nonchurch ex-service men and women. The returning during the months and years of their war service, which chaplain should join some veterans organization and let can be applied to religious work in civilian life with profit. it be known that he is as accessible to the nonchurch man
To begin with, the close association of chaplains of all or woman as he is to members of his own parish.
faiths in the armed services should contribute to a better Many a clergyman in uniform has learned the value of understanding of other beliefs and to a more tolerant visiting those in the brig and those who are sick. Back spirit. Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish chaplains were home, these same clergymen might have lived within a few mixed together in the indoctrination schools--often shar- blocks of the county jail without ever paying a visit there ing the same room, eating at the same table, seated to- except when one of their own flock might have gotten into gether in the same class, and learning of each other's faith trouble. In prewar days the civilian clergyman was faithand practices. Human nature being what it is, it was not ful in visiting the sick of his parish, but rarely took the to be expected that differences of opinion should not at trouble to call on those who belonged to no parish who times arise. Difficulties of adjustment were found. Yet, were also ill. The ex-chaplain can carry back to his home through the enforced fellowship of indoctrination schools community the techniques of his Army or Navy experience and military service, Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish chap- and visit all in the hospital not visited by other clergymen. lains found that it was possible to cooperate without com- Again, how about working with the doctors and lawyers promising their basic religious beliefs, in the home community? Army and Navy doctors andRepeatedly, Army and Navy chaplains at home and lawyers frequently consulted with the chaplain about the abroad, at sea or ashore, made preparations for religious tangled personal affairs of some individual. Why cannot observances for those of their unit who were of a different these same techniques be used back home? The returnfaith from their own. A multitude of illustrations could be quoted to show how a greater appreciation and under- standing of the other person's point of view came as a SEND IN CHANGES OF ADDRESS result of men of different religious backgrounds living and
April-May, 1946 21




ing chaplain should take the initiative and let it be known connection with operations against the enemy on 20 that he stands ready to advise with the clients of the doc- March 1945, while serving as chaplain aboard a carrier. tors and lawyers of his community in their marital, social, Comdr. Alvo O. Martin, ChC, USNR, Congregational. and personal problems. ist, for meritorious achievement against the enemy while
Still another technique can be carried back home with serving as Division Chaplain during the campaign for profit, and that is the practice born out of necessity, of Iwo Jima from 8 January 1945 to 16 March 1945 and for drawing upon life about us for sermon ideas and illustra- the rehabilitation period from 17 March 1945 to 3 Sep. tions. Few chaplains were able to take even a modest tember 1945. working library with them. Many have testified that their preaching became more Bible centered. Chaplains who Navy Awards and Citations preached tomen facing death found that they could not do otherwise than to speak about the eternal verities of Previous issues of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN life. They learned from experience that service personnel have contained statistics on the number of chaplains from wanted short pungent sermons. While the returning chap- the two branches of the Armed Services who have been lain will welcome more time with his books, yet he will decorated. The disproportionate number of Army chap. surely take back home with him valuable new sermonizing lains receiving decorations in comparison to the Navy is attitudes which should be refreshing and stimulating to more apparent than real, because many of the citations for the home folk. Navy chaplains have not been released by the Section of f ft ft Medals and Awards, Bureau of Naval Personnel. The Articles on Chaplaincy of Other Nations citations for some Navy chaplains, decorated before re: Will Be Continued. turning to the United States, are among those not yet released.
We have responses from the Principal Chaplains of the released. United Kingdom, South Africa, and Canada, agreeing to send in historical accounts of the Chaplaincy in their par- The Army Honor Roll ticular countries. These records should'be of great interest. As of March 31, 1946, the records of the Office of the a a ~Chief of Chaplains show the following casualties and Most General Complaint. decorations of the Chaplain Corps: Most General Complaint.
The nonreceipt of the magazine is the most general com- 1. Casualties:
plaint the Editors receive concerning the publication and a. Killed in action, including 12 lost in sinking of the Association. We can only say HELP! Send in your Japanese prison ships, and 1 killed during change of address! We are simply snowed-under with bombing in Germany ..................... 77
returned magazines and returned first-class mail. b. Deaths nonbattle, including 5 died in Japanese prison cam p ........................... 77
c. Wounded in action, including those not hosEx-chaplain identifies picture of Easter service aboard ship pitalized ............................... 250
used in last issue of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN. 2. Returned to Military Control:
The service is aboard the Cruiser Sante Fe (CL60); a. From German prison camps...............21
the chaplain is Seth Russell, Methodist; the time is Easter a. From JapGermanse prison camps ............... 16
1943. I succeeded Chaplain Russell on the Sante Fe and b. From Japanese prison camps .1 have a copy of this picture in my files. 3. Decorations: JAMES B. STOREY, a. Distinguished Service Cross ................ 18
Charles Town, West Va. b. Distinguished Service Medal ...............3
c. Silver Star .............................. 152
d. One Oak Leaf Cluster to Silver Star ........ 11
Additions to List of Navy Chaplains Decorated e. Two Oak Leaf Clusters to Silver Star ........ 1 World War II f. Legion of Merit ....................... 76
Bronze Star g. Oak Leaf Cluster to Legion of Merit ........ 1
Lt. Donald W. Mayberry, ChC, USNR, Episcopalian, h. Soldier's Medal ......................... 22
for meritorious service in connection with operations i. Bronze Star ............................. 1100
against the Japanese enemy on Okinawa, during the period j. One Oak Leaf Cluster to Bronze Star ....... 102 from 1 April to 21 June 1945. k. Two Oak Leaf Clusters to Bronze Star ....... 3
Lt. (jg) Earl R. Brewster, ChC, USNR, Methodist, for I. Air Medal .............................. 9
heroic achievement while interned at the Prisoner of War m. Commendation Ribbon ................... 11
Camp, Davao Penal Colony, Philippine Islands area. n. Purple Heart .................. ..... .327
Capt. Francis Lee Albert, ChC, USN, Baptist (S), for o. One Oak Leaf Cluster to Purple Heart ....... 30 meritorious service in administering to the spiritual wel- p. Two Oak Leaf Clusters to Purple Heart ..... 3 fare and morale of Naval personnel whose duties were in q. Three Oak Leaf Clusters to Purple Heart .... 1 connection with operations against the enemy. r. Four Oak Leaf Clusters to Purple Heart ..
Comdr. Samuel Beecher Bennett, ChC, USN, Methodist, s. Five Oak Leaf Clusters to Purple Heart I for distinguishing himself by meritorious achievement in t. Foreign Decorations .................... 34
22 The Army and Navy Chaplain




From Bataan Through Cabanatuan
By CHAPLAIN JOHN K. BORNEMAN
--- bombardment front the air. Directly after the surrender, An amazing and heart-stirring account of the activi- Chaplain Perry O. Wilcox, the senior Chaplain on the ties of Army and Navy chaplains in Japanese prison "Rock," appealed to American authorities for their aid in camps in the Philippines is here given by one who securing Japanese permission to bury our fallen comrades. was there. The story he tells reminds us of the hero- Their bodies were already bloated and the stench from ism of the Christians in the days of the Roman them became almost unbearable. No single American persecution, officer would give Chaplain Wilcox assistance in this request and one who could have aided directed Chaplain
Wilcox never to use his name to the Japanese in any
C HAPLAINS of the United States Army and Navy who request.
participated in the surrender of our Philippine forces In many respects our work as Chaplains was hindered in April and May of 1942 might well have voiced the as much by the Americans as through Japanese prohibiwords of St. Paul which are recorded in his Second Letter tions. It was Chaplain Albert W. Braun who finally talked to the Corinthians, Chapter I, verse 8: "For we would not, to the Japanese and when he requested permission to bury brethren, have you ignorant of our trouble which came to our dead it was readily granted. us in Asia, that we were pressed out of measure, above The Japanese concentrated all Corregidor Chaplains in strength, insomuch that we despaired even of life." the hospital for several weeks and refused them permisThirty-three Army and four Navy Chaplains were sion to visit the combat men in the concentration area or to among those surrendered to the Japanese; of these twenty- hold services for them. This difficulty was overcome when one were Roman Catholic and sixteen Protestants. Out the Chaplains would get into the area under the guise of of this total of thirty-seven, twenty have made the supreme litter bearers when men had to be carried to the hospital. sacrifice. Chaplain Albert W. Braun and Chaplain Francis McSURRENDER Manus, the latter of the U. S. Navy, Chaplain Herbert The surrender of Bataan 9 April 1942 found many of Trump of the Navy, and the writer, paid many sub-rosa the Chaplains with their organizations and all of these visits to the area and held such services as were possible made the long, tedious and dangerous "Death March" under the circumstances. along that peninsula with death as their constant com- CABANATUAN panion. Some of the Chaplains were on duty in the Bataan
hospitals and a few managed to reach the sanctuary of a On 23 May 1942 the men of Corregidor'were taken to hospital and thus were not members of this most in- Manila but Chaplains were not permitted to accompany famous march. The end of the march was Camp O'Don- them. The excuse of the Japanese was that we had to take nell where conditions were so horrible as to cause the care of the thousand patients in the hospital. We had been death of hundreds of men each day. Here the Chaplains directed to prepare for this evacuation and stood under a present labored as best they could to ease the pain of men boiling sun from early morning until six-thirty that eveor togive them some attention in addition to spiritual. It ning before we were directed to return to the hospital and was here that Chaplain Alfred C. Oliver, Jr: senior Chap- await further orders. The 1st of July we were loaded into lain for the Philippine Department appealed to the Japa- a transport and taken to Manila and then to Cabanatuan nese to permit the Philippine Red Cross to bring in food which we reached 3 July late in the afternoon. and medicine which this organization was prepared to do. At Cabanatuan we were reunited with many of the The answer of the Japanese Commanding officer was not Bataan Chaplains but some of them were serving in Camp only a curt "NO" but a threat that if such a request would No. 3 and others were still doing duty in General Hospital be repeated the lives of the men signing such a letter No. 1 on Bataan. Chaplain Perry O. Wilcox was left at would be the forfeit. Conditions at the camp became so Bilibid as the Chaplain in charge and he was joined by bad that the Japanese decided to release the Filipino pris- Chaplain William T. Cummings. oners so they could die in their home barrio and the The Cabanatuan Camp had a hospital which ran a daily Americans were moved to Camp No. 1 at Cabanatuan. patient rate of more than 2,200 for more than a year. The This new camp was opened on 2 June 1942. Chaplains doing duty here had come in when Camp No. 1 The fortress of Corregidor was surrendered 6 May 1942 was first opened and were well organized under the zealand nine more Chaplains were added to the list of war pris- ous leadership of Chaplain Oliver by the time we arrived oners. We had been unable to bury our dead on Cor- from Corregidor. As nearly as can be ascertained four regidor for several days due to the constant shelling and years later the following Chaplains were serving the patients. under the most difficult and dangerous conditions:
EDITOR'S NOTE: The story of the Chaplains service in Bilibid Prison at tients under the most difficult and dangerous conditions: Manila is not included here nor that of Davao Penal Colony. The writer Chaplains Richard E. Carberry, William Dawson, Albert was not present in these camps. Chaplain Perry O.,Wilcox was the Chaplain D. Talbot, Robert P. Taylor, Mathias E. Zerfas and Leslie for Bilibid. Chaplain Albert W. Braun is one of the few surviving Chap- F. Zimmerman. lains who served at Davao. F. Zimmerman.
April- 14 23 Apri May, 1946




UNSUNG HEROISM No. 1 lost this total in two days many times. The tota . ~deaths for Camp No. 1 was 2,666 out of an averagepou Chaplain Oliver held a meeting of all Chaplains and deaths for Camp No. 1 was 2,666 out of an average popu each one was given an assignment in one of the three nation of 5,700. sinto which the camp was divided. We were in- The Japanese began to take working parties to Japan groups ta wh e c a n h dvie e e ee i and Manchuria and here Chaplain Oliver started to write structed that we could not hold services except at the risk l of our lives. Not a single Chaplain ever once refused to letters to the Japanese requesting that Chaplains accr panty our men. The reply was always the same-NO. The
hold services, in fact we became all the more eager to hold pany our men. The reply was always the same-NO. T reason given was that there were many missionaries where
as many services as possible for our men. Well do I re- reason given was that there were many missionaries where
asmemb ser icste firi tt mwen Chlai HIre- the men were going and these could take care of their spiritmember the first Sunday in that camp when Chaplain Her- ual needs. Only once before June 1944 did the Japanese man C. Bauman conducted Mass out in the open with full ua s Ol n be 194 he Jpe vestments and in sight of the Japanese. It is a picture break this rule and this was in October 1942 when 1,000
vs n men left our camp for the Davao Penal Colony. Then they which will forever be etched in my memory and that permitted four Roman Catholic and four Protestant Che .permitted four Roman Catholic and four Protestant Chap nothing happened is a miracle. For the most part Chap- 2P nothing happened is a miracle. For the most part Chap- lains to accompany the men. These Chaplains were joined lains knew no fear and their main objective was to minister in Davao by Chaplains Carl W. Hausmann, Hugh F. Ken to the men who were in such distress mentally and physi- nedy, Joseph V. Lafleur, Eugene J. O'Keefe, Joseph G 11ly nedy, Joseph V. Lafleur, Eugene J. O'Keefe, Joseph G. cally. Vanderheiden, whom we had not heard about in Camp
In each group the Chaplains visited every barracks each No. 1 since the surrender of the Philippines. These Cha day and talked with the men. In many instances it was lains wer e to ret urn to Camp No. 1 June 1944 with th
necesar toinfom te oerwokeddocors f aman lains were to return to Camp No. I in June 1944 with the necessary to inform the overworked doctors of a man
. exception of Chaplamn Frederick Howden, who died of who could not make sick call at the dispensary. Each day exception of Chaplain Frederick Howden, who died dysentery several months after reaching Davao. Chaplain
the Chaplains would lead a party of patients over five dysentery several months after reaching Davao. Chapla hundred yards of marsh and Cogan grass to the hospital. Morris E. Day and Chaplain Joseph V. Lefleur were on . .boat taking them to Manila in September 1944 and when The galling part was to carry the improvised Japanese flag t a te t a sete which insured safe conduct over the open spaces. Many it was torpedoed they became casualties.
i After the detail left Camp No. 1 for Davao conditions of these men entering the hospital were to live a matter e e et Camp No. a contain
8 2 became somewhat better. Camp No. 3 was discontinued of days or possibly two weeks before they were to be car-. ..
and their personnel joined with No. 1. Again there was
ried to the camp cemetery. The increasing death rate was and their personnel joined with No. 1. Again there w cause for alarm min July 1942 when in that month more than a reunion of many Chaplains we had not seen in a lo 750 died of dysentery alone. As Chaplains we aided each time. It was at this point that the Japanese surprised us . .again by'announcing that we could have services but that other in visiting with the men, kneeling beside them on a again by announcing that we could have services but tha all sermons had to be sent to the Japanese Headquarters filthy bare floor which was their bed, cheering them and all sermons had to be sent to the Japanes Headquarters offering prayer which they so many times requested before on Thursday for approval so that they could preached on Sunday. The additional direction was that a Japanese
a Chaplain suggested that this be done. The one thing interpreter would be present and follow our manuscript which the men wanted to hold on to above everything else The only difficulty was in securing paper as the Japanese was their prayer book or the New Testament. At times would give us nary a sheet. Chaplains paid for paper out these would be stolen from a man and the resulting com- of their scanty supply of money until a Camp Council motion was unbelievable. Never have I seen men so eager which was operating the Camp Commissary offered to buy for religious literature and the tragic part of it all was that this paper for the Chaplains. At one time they paid $17.00 we were unable to supply their wants. Late in November for 300 sheets of poor quality paper. We used can labels 1942 the Japanese did bring in slightly more than one and all kinds of scraps on which to write our sermons for hundred New Testaments and some fifty complete Bibles submission to American Headquarters where it was typed which were distributed to the men. The Bibles were for the Japanese. placed in the barracks so that all might have a reasonable The Japanese guards were drafted men and on their chance of reading it in full. Sunday in near-by Cabanatuan they frequently tangled
The Japanese would not permit Chaplains to hold grave- with members of the Regular Japanese Army who disliked side services for our dead until 24 August 1942 at Camp our Formosan Guards intensely. The Japanese CommandNo. 1. This difficulty was overcome when a Roman Catho- ing Officer solved this problem by declaring Friday as our lic and a Protestant Chaplain would visit the morgue daily Sunday and thus we had Sunday on Friday for almost a before the burial party arrived and hold prayers for the year and his guards could visit the houses of prostitution deceased of whom there were as many as forty-seven in in peace. one day. Late in August the Japanese suddenly directed
that Chaplains hold a two-minute service at the grave but CHRISTMAS PLANNING to the best of my knowledge no Chaplain ever paid atten- Christmas was about a month away and while we would tion to the time element and moreover following the not feel like celebrating the Chaplains made every prepaprayers the Chaplain officiating called the men to attention, ration for divine services. Our preparation for Christmas faced the East, our country, and saluted. Since the* Jap is a long story but it was held. Never will anyone present guards did not realize what was happening, or possibly forget the midnight Mass of 1942 held under the light of cared less, no unpleasantness occurred. Camp No. 3 was the full moon and a large gasoline lantern which Chap' in operation from 2 June until 28 October 1942 and in this lain Oliver persuaded the Japanese to lend for the occa, period there were only eighty-one deaths here while Camp sion. Members of the Japanese Headquarters Staff at24 The Army and Navy Chaplain




ended the Mass and appeared to display interest. Christ- Ministry, The Life of St. Paul, Christian Ethics, etc. It was as morning some of them also attended the Protestant very surprising and gratifying how much support we resevices. ceived from the men of the camp. The services were held Here again even on Christmas Day there was difficulty in a building given over to the camp library and for a ith American Camp officials. Red Cross food parcels had period of a year or more there was no electric light. Inrived just two days before Christmas and despite the genious laymen cut bottles in half, made a wick of cloth pleading of Chaplain Oliver, the supply officers were de- and floated this on cocoanut oil. It was a very poor light ermined to distribute these boxes during a time when but did provide some illumination to see notes for the diProtestant services were to be held. A satisfactory arrange- rector of the class while his audience sat in darkness. The ment was finally reached but practically the entire after- Japanese authorities finally permitted one electric light in oon and evening before Christmas it was necessary to November 1943 but it was the day before Christmas beargue with Camp officials as to the time of distribution, fore the American Camp authorities got around to installiThe men wanted to attend services so badly but at the ing it. same time they had to be present to receive this much MEMORIAL DAY needed box personally. The personnel of the Camp were
highly annoyed at the obstinate attitude of the Americans Chaplain Oliver tried in every way to provide for each themselves. special day so dear to the heart of every American. Christmas, Easter, Mother's Day, Labor Day, Memorial Day,
CHAPLAINS AND LAYMEN SERVE never went by without a special service. In 1943 after In early January 1943 Chaplain Oliver challenged all more than 2,600 men had been laid in our cemetery Chapthe Protestant Chaplains to join forces and organize a lain Oliver wrote a letter to the Japanese requesting perunited Protestant Church, with one service in the morning mission to hold services at the Camp Cemetery on Meand another in the evening. A committee of Chaplains morial Day with Americans present. Nothing was heard discussed this matter and wrote a Constitution for the pro- of this in a period of a month. Finally in utter desperation posed new church which was based on the Church operat- a Chaplain directly accused the Camp Adjutant of failing ig at the Army Medical Center, Washington, D. C. All to turn this communication over to the Japanese. This the Protestant Chaplains united in this organization and proved to be a fact because one-half hour later the Amerithese represented eight different Protestant denominations, can Adjutant called on Chaplain Oliver and informed him Committees were formed from among the laity which that the Japanese had permitted this service and that 2,000 included work in Religious Education, Music, House, Deco- Americans would be allowed to attend. The Adjutant rations, and Membership. Each of the three groups in further remarked, "Don't be disappointed Chaplain if few the camp was represented by five laymen and the hospital show up because the men really don't want to go to such area was also represented by their chosen laity. In order a service." Not only was the quota filled in a matter of a to insure equitable representation the By-Laws provided few moments but several thousand men were disappointed that only two officers could serve from each group and the because they were not fortunate enough to be selected n remainder were from among the enlisted personnel. the number going. The rotarysystem of membership on the Church Council Chaplain Thomas J. Scecina had organized a working was provided for so that a man had to be out of the Coun- party early in January and each day for five months this cil for three months following the expiration of his term group of fifty men had labored under a hot sun in order until he was eligible for renomination. In this way many to place the cemetery in proper condition. Our men were men were given an opportunity to serve the new church. deeply appreciative when they saw how the graves of their Chaplain Arthur V. Cleveland was chosen as the secretary comrades were cared for and expressed their appreciation of the church and kept an accurate record of the members, to Chaplain Scecina for his splendid work. Chaplains This included more than 1,600 men representing every state Ralph W. D. Brown and James W. O'Brien had made a in the Union and seventeen foreign countries. More than wreath from flowers which grew in the camp, which was 250 men were baptized, some by immersion, others by placed on the concrete monument which the Japanese had sprinkling, with the choice left up to the individual. The constructed. Flowers were sent by the Japanese Commusic committee was fortunate in securing the services of manding General and the Japanese Commanding Officer Mr. William Wirship, an Army bandmaster, who directed of the Camp but none excelled in beauty that made by a choir which would do credit to the finest church in the Chaplains Brown and O'Brien. Chaplains of the Roman United States. The advertising under the direction of Catholic and Protestant faiths participated in the services Major Owen Jensen, Marine Corps, attracted many men and a Jewish prisoner by the name of Ivan Kliatchko sang to church since Major Jensen very aptly illustrated sermon the prayers for the Jewish dead. topics for the coming Sunday services and placed' this in In 1944 Memorial services were restricted by the Japathe vicinity of Mess halls where it would be seen by every- nese to 100 men in attendance. The Japanese were losing body all through the week. The Religious Education com- the war and it was moving steadily toward the Philippines mittee under the leadership of Major James Bahrenburg, with the resultant cut in our privileges. Chaplains Oliver, M.C. provided a very active course in religious education. Taylor, Tiffany were held in a guardhouse because of
Classes were held in such subjects as: Old Testament their activity in providing the camp with medicine and history, The Life of Christ, A Study of Corinthians, Phil- money and hence could not attend. The services generally osophy of the Christian Religion, Looking Forward to the followed the pattern of 1943 with all faiths represented. April -May, 1946 25




CHAPLAINS' RETREAT AND CONFERENCE wide, just enough to give shelter to the altar and none of
The large number of Roman Catholic Chaplains in camp them could hold many men but the Chaplain would stand provided excellent services for their large group of men. in the entrance and speak to the large group of men outsi Mass was said each morning, many of the priests would as they came to attend Mass or for the Protestant service have to arise before daylight in order to say the Mass and Chaplains Baumann, Brown, McDonnell, McManus, and then prepare to go out on work details. The Rosary was Scecina directed the construction of altars on the Camp said each evening in each group, at night men would be side of No. 1 prison camp. Some of these were laboriously instructed and a time was set before Mass for the hearing decorated with carvings cut with the aid of a mess it of confessions. A retreat of all Catholic Chaplains was knife.H held late in August of 1943 which lasted for one week. HOSPITALS Permission had to be secured from the American Camp Nothing has been said in this article about the important Commanding Officer in order to release the Catholic and great work done in our Camp hospital by the Cha Chaplains from their work details. lains on duty there. It is a story which merits a sinl
The following week Protestant Chaplains held a three- article in this magazine as the hospital was practically a day conference on the religious work of the camp and one Camp in itself for fifteen months. Chaplains Talbot, Tay. day was given over to laymen participation. Much of lor, and Tiffany built chapels here and after the hospital value to the Chaplain was brought out in this day of very became a unit on the Camp side Chaplain Taylor had to frank discussion. construct so many chapels that he became a qualified engineer. This was necessary because the Japanese were
JEWS CARED FOR always reducing the hospital area and moving the fence The average number of- Jewish personnel present in This usually took away Chaplain Taylor's chapel and e camp was 121 which is a figure taken from a religious had to start afresh. In the case of every chapel an attempt census when the camp population was at its height. Men was made to beautify the surrounding ground through the of this faith were cared for in the early days of the Camp planting of tropical flowers. by Chaplain Oliver who held services for them. Later Chaplain Edward J. Nagel and then Chaplain Leslie F. CHAPLAINS PERISH WITH MEN Zimmerman directed their worship. Chaplains of all faiths In June 1944 the Japanese called for three Chaplains to had active laymen participation and for men of the Jewish accompany a detail of 1,000 men to Japan. It was the first faith Major Max Clark, USMC, was a strong leader. time they had permitted Chaplains to accompany outgoin details of any sort. Chaplain Oliver had pleaded with them
LAYMEN AID CHAPLAINS whenever a group of men left camp, either working in the
Roman Catholic Chaplains had the active support of Philippines or for Japan. The answer was always i such splendid officers as Lt. Col. Maurice Daly, Air Corps, the negative. This matter was overcome by the Cha. who in his student days at West Point had been an out- lains preparing consecrated laymen with an order o standing football player and later returned as assistant worship for Sunday services, the burial service, praye football coach; Major James Bradley, USMC, Lt. Col. for the sick, and baptismal service in case of dire ne. Conity, and Warrant Officer James O'Neil were among so cessity. Chaplain Samuel Donald had managed to bring many splendid officers who actively assisted the Chaplains forty copies of the Service Book for Ship and Field whe of this faith. he arrived at Cabanatuan from O'Donnell. One copy of
The Protestant Chaplains had the active participation of this was given to each outgoing group. Chaplains Stanl Lt. Col. Ulysses G. Peoples, Major Marshall Hurt, Major J. Reilly, John L. Curran and Samuel E. Donald answered Harry Packard, and Captain Donald Childress. Lt. Col. the first call for Chaplains to go to Japan. Following thi Arthur Shreve of the Headquarters Staff rendered invalu- there were many calls for Chaplains to accompany outable aid in securing material and giving liaison work so going details but unfortunately not a sufficient number o that the religious program could be more effectively car- men or Chaplains were taken from the Philippines early ried on. Chaplains of all faiths paid high tribute to Lt. enough to avoid disaster. Twenty Chaplains perished Col. Harold K. Johnson, Inf. who rendered outstanding with the men they served, right to the end, in the sinkin service in securing materials through the camp commissary of the prison ships taking them to Japan. such as paper, wine, hosts, and countless items difficult to The Chaplains shared the lot of the men fully and secure. asked no special favors. Rumor once had it that the Cha
Well do I realize the danger in mentioning the names of lains would be repatriated on the Gripsholm which was the just a few laymen when there were so many who contrib- ship assigned to carrying those selected for repatriation uted so much in time and effort toward the perfection of back to America. Chaplain Oliver in his wisdom called the Chaplains work. It is with regret that we realize most meeting of the Chaplains and stated that if such a cal of these laymen have been lost in the sinking of the ships would come Chaplains would be sent home in the follow carrying them to Japan as prisoners of war but their ing order: The sick, those with young children, Reservel memory will ever be precious in the minds of us who have Regular Army. No Chaplains wanted to go home and all returned, regardless of our faith, stated that they would remain with the men to the end.
Laymen were particularly active in the construction of No such call came and so we did not have an opportune' our altars and chapels. These chapels were for the most to test the statement of any Chaplain but I am reasonable part a grass covered building 20 feet long and ten feet certain that all would have stood by the men. 26 The Army and Navy Chcplai'




RELIGION PLAYS PART IN MORALE and in contact with so many Chaplains and clergymen. The
Chaplains were required to work on the various details church has a great work yet undone in a world of chaos; it such as chopping wood, farming, cleaning Japanese la- can be accomplished if we will turn to Micah 6:8 and as rines and spreading the feces on the farm or cleaning the clergymen use these words as our guide: . and what japanese guard company area. This work was done bare- doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love foot by Japanese order in order to prevent escape. mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God ?" It became necessary from time to time to request permission from American Headquarters to relieve a Chaplain from a work detail for just one day so he could prepare his Financial Statement sermon for submission to the Japanese. In one particular Receipts and expenditures: instance when I made such a request in behalf of a Chap- Receipts and deposits June 1, 1945 through lain, I was told that there were too many Chaplains in March 31, 1946 .................... $6,952.23
camp. Total expenditures June 1, 1945 through The camp morale program which had to be submitted March 31, 1946 ...................... $7,859.43
each week was 99o religious and I have an original copy Deficit ................................ $ 907.20
of a typical program which was given to the Japanese each week to prove the-point. Analysis of expenditures:
In our work we had to fight against selfishness, greed, Salary to stenographer ......... $1,992.51 teft, sodomy, and a general breakdown in character. Men Extra clerical help ............ 559.58
had to be bolstered spiritually and morally. No religious Office Supplies ............... 578.77
literature was available until March 1944 and the text- Printing A.N.C. & A.A.C..... .3,592.43
book was the Bible. It was a rich and valuable experience, Postage ..................... 609.40
something which no school can teach. Advertising ................. 339.02
Men were more than anxious to learn more about re- Miscellaneous ................ 187.72
ligion and for the first time many learned of Christ through the excellent course on the Life of Christ presented in a Total ..................... $7,859.43
gripping manner by Chaplain Herbert R. Trump of the American Army Chaplaincy: Navy. Chaplain Trump called this course, "The Man Cost of Printing $ 220.00 Everybody Should Know" and so many men remarked Cost of Printing....... ..$ 220.00 that they did not know Christ as such an interesting person Receipts ..... .............. 73.89
which was brought out in this course. On hand 2300 copies.
LEST WE FORGET Balance on hand, March 31, 1946: Now that we few have returned to America and are War Bonds (5-$1,000 bonds).. $5,000.00 (Facevalue)
Now that we few have returned to America and are Bank balance .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 3,488.07
again at work we have not forgotten our comrade Chap- Bank balance................3,488.07
lains and the work they did. They have inherited 'eternal Total .................... $8,488.07
life and are mourned by families and friends. I wish in some way or other I could convey to them the spirit of HAROLD G. ELSAM, each Chaplain of whatever faith with his loyalty to his Treasurer. chosen profession, his zeal in serving the men and his f a f faithfulness unto the end. It is rather difficult for us who have served under such adverse conditions when religion Revised Statistics was revealed as a potent factor in the lives of men to The October-November issue of THE ARMY AND NAVY make some discoveries. These observations are not new CHAPLAIN (p. 13) carried some statistics regarding the but stand out to us now as a magnesium flare thrown from total number of Navy chaplains on duty during the war. an airplane on a dark night. Here we still find, possibly Since the publication of these figures, further and more in an increasing way, selfishness, greed, lust for power, detailed studies have been made. According to the latest and petty politics. This is true among churchmen as well as figures released by the historian of the Navy Chaplain in the lay professions. I have seen Washington churches Corps, a total of 2,936 Navy chaplains saw duty from filled each Sunday and as I worship I wonder how much Pearl Harbor to the end of August 1945. Only 147 of this of an actual impression the service makes on the soul of number were separated from active duty, including all each one present. How much is carried out into the actual casualties, during the course of the war, leaving a balance battle of life where the Christian spirit counts? I am con- of 2,789 on duty on 31 August 1945. In addition to this fident that each Chaplain who served among the war number were thirty-three chaplains ordered to the Chapprisoners of Cabanatuan and has made the supreme sacri- lains' School at Williamsburg, who did not begin their fice could conscientiously face his Master and did receive indoctrination until in September. After the School closed, the words "Well done . enter thou into the joy of thy fourteen V-12 student chaplains were received into the Lord." Are we concerned about serving men through the Corps before the end of the year. These two groups bring spirit of Christ or are we more concerned about rank, the total of Navy chaplains on duty for varying lengths knowing men of influence, exercising the power of petty of time from 7 December 1941 to 31 December 1945 to politics? That I have wondered about since my return 2,983. April-May, 1946 27




'AA
Top Row, L to R: Elvin L. Hinerman, Branch No. 5, Atlanta, Ga.; Alf M. Kraabel, Branch No. 8, Minneapolis, Minn.; Henr W. Anderson, Branch No. 11, Seattle, Wash.; Edward J. Kroencke, Branch No. 6, Columbus, Ohio; Myndert M. Van Patte
Branch No. 13, Denver, Col.; Earl E. Ray, Branch No. 9, St. Louis, Mo.; Perry L. Mitchell, Branch No. 4, Richmond, Va. Seated, L to R: Edward S. Galvin (Acting), Branch No. 1, Boston, Mass.; Speer Strahan, Branch No. 12, San Francisco, C Harlin M. Campbell, Branch No. 7, Chicago, III.; Crawford W. Brown, Director, Chaplaincy Service, Washington, D. C Lewis C. Beissig, Branch No. 2, New York, N. Y.; Charles F. Gorman, Branch No. 3, Philadelphia, Pa.; Bryan H. Keathle Branch No. 10, Dallas, Texas.
Chiefs, (Branch) Chaplaincy Divisio
Veterans Administration
H ERE are the key field Branch Chaplains attending the for approximately each 500 patients. Chaplains are a I[IL first chaplains conference, Veterans Administration pointed under Civil Service regulations. The Chaplain in Washington, April 2-4, 1946. They are veterans of one Service under its Director, Chaplain Brown, is a component or both World Wars, supervising the chaplaincy work in of Special Services, Veterans Administration. hospitals in their respective areas.
Present plans call for approximately 195 full-time chaplains with an anticipated need for 600 full-time chaplains The following is a list of full-time Chaplains on duty by 1965. One full-time chaplain is provided for every hos- with the Veterans Administration as of February, 1946. pital having 150 beds or more, with additional full-time We shall appreciate having the names of any whom we and part-time chaplains as may be required. It is antici- have missed. pated that one full-time chaplain will be assigned to duty
Chaplains On Duty at Veterans Administration Central
Office and Field Stations
Chaplain Harry P. Abbott Chaplain Harry N. Bailey Chaplain Franklyn Beery Chaplain Henry J. C. Bowden North Little Rock, Arkansas Perry Point, Maryland Wadsworth, Kansas Tuskegee, Alabama Chaplain Kenneth L. Ahl Chaplain Peter J. Baker Chaplain Lewis C. Beissig Chaplain Edmund J. Bradley Los Angeles 25, California Lyons, New Jersey VA Branch Office No. 2 Los Angeles 25, California Chaplain Paul W. Bare New York, New York Chaplain Eustace Brennan Chaplain Harry W. Allen Coatesville, Pennsylvania Chaplain Harold E. Berger Wood, Wisconsin Los Angeles 25, California Coatesville, Pennsylvania Danville, Illinois Chaplain Crawford W. Brown Chaplain Crawford W. Bo
Chaplain Henry W. Anderson Chaplain William K. Barrs Chaplain Vincent A. Beyma VA Central Office VA Branch Office No. 11 San Francisco 21, California Canandaigua, New York Washington 25, D. C. Second Avenue & Marion Chaplain James R. Beamer Chaplain Henri Blanc Chaplain Walter Bruggeman Seattle 4, Washington Coatesville, Pennsylvania Oteen, North Carolina Perry Point, Maryland Chaplain Elbert L. Atkinson Chaplain Donald C. Beatty Chaplain Nathan Blechman Chaplain William J. Buehner Castle Point, New York Washington 25, D. C. Bronx 63, New York Dayton, Ohio 28 The Army and Navy ChaPl!o




Chaplain James S. Bunch Chaplain Frederick C. Frommhagen Chaplain Edward J. Kroencke Chaplain Lester N. Schoen Hines, Illinois VA Branch Office No. 3 VA Branch Office No. 6 Bronx, New York Chaplain Lyle L. Burdick Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Columbus 8, Ohio Chaplain Wilbert T. Seefeldt Hines, Illinois Chaplain Edward S. Galvin Chaplain Cecil H. Lang Minneapolis 6, Minnesota Chaplain Samuel J. Burgess West Roxbury, Massachusetts Roanoke 17, Virginia Chaplain John J. Sheehy Des Moines 10, Iowa Chaplain Jesse H. Garrett Chaplain Leonard A. LeClair VA Branch Office No. 1 Chaplain Charles P. Burke Waco, Texas Togus, Maine Boston, Massachusetts Castle Point, New York Chaplain Henry P. Gavigan Chaplain Alvin J. Lee Chaplain Claudius P. Shelton Chaplain Joseph H. Burke Aspinwall 15, Pennsylvania Jefferson Barracks 23, Missouri Richmond, Virginia Rutland Heights, Massachusetts Chaplain Elmer P. Gibson Chaplain Arthur A. LeMay Chaplain Raymond A. Shontz Chaplain Elias A. Callahan Roanoke 17, Virginia Bath, New York Lyons, New Jersey Tuscaloosa, Alabama Chaplain Leon B. Gilbert Chaplain Joseph A. Lenk Chaplain Lyle O. Snyder
Chaplain Harlin M. Campbell Lexington, Kentucky Hines, Illinois Brecksville, Ohio VA Branch Office No. 7
Chicago 7, Illinois Chaplain James M. Gilmartin Chaplain Joseph H. Lief Chaplain James E. Statham SChaplain Robert E. Carro Perry Point, Maryland Northport, L. I., New York Lake City, Florida
SalrFrancisco 21, California Chaplain Patrick J. Gleeson Chaplain Morris U. Lively Chaplain Gustav Stearns
Los Angeles 25, California Amarillo, Texas Wood, Wisconsin
Calain Paul E. Carson
Van Nuys, California Chaplain William B. Gold Chaplain Edward F. Maher Chaplain George W. Stough Chaplain Carl R. Cheek Roanoke 17, Virginia Brecksville, Ohio Hines, Illinois Ft. Howaird, Maryland Chaplain Charles F. Gorman Chaplain Jesse L. Malone Chaplain Speer Strahan VA Branch Office No. 3 Murfreesboro, Tennessee VA Branch Office No. 12 Chaplain Alfred J. Chevalier Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chaplain Joseph A. Mears San Francisco 3, California Surmount, New York Cali oehA er
Chaplain E. W. Hammer Hines, Illinois Chaplain Gerald H. Sutton Chaplain William L. Clewell Northport, Long Island, New York Chaplain Cheney M. Meiere Des Moines 10, Iowa Maron, InidianaChpanCey .eir
Marion, Indiana Chaplain George W. Hardy Augusta, Georgia Chaplain Albert D. Talbot Chaplain Dennis P. Coleman Legion, Texas Chaplain James J. Minehan Gulfport, Mississippi Bronx 63, New YorkegoeaChpanJmsJMihn
B 63 New York Chaplain Leighton E. Harrell Lyons, New Jersey Chaplain Elonza C. Tatum Chaplain Hollis W. Colwell Washington 7, D. C. Chaplain Perry L. Mitchell Montgomery 10, Alabama
sgeles 25, California Chaplain Bernard F. Harvey VA Branch Office No. 4 Chaplain William H. Teed Chaplain Thomas I. Conerty Bedford, Massachusetts Richmond 20, Virginia Wichita 2, Kansas VA Branch Office No. 2
New York, New York Chaplain Carl E. Haterius Chaplain Rupert L. McCanon Chaplain Frank W. Thompson Couins VA Central Office Excelsior Springs, Missouri Bedford, Massachusetts Chaplain Lawrence E. Cousins Washington 25, D. C.
Walla Walla, Washington Chaplain Edward P. McDonnell Chaplain Ennis P. Thorne Chaplain Thomas E. Hayes Bay Pines, Florida Bay Pines, Florida ChaF.plain Prick L. Cronin Palo Alto, California Chaplain Edward A. McDonough Chaplain Oscar Tittus Chaplain Harold Hayward VA Central Office Bronx 63, New York Chaplain Bernard V. Cunningham San Fernando, California Washington 25, D. C. Bronx 63, New York Chaplain Mervin B. Tollesfrud Chaplain Robert G. Hedrick Chaplain Alexander J. McKelway Minneapolis 6, Minnesota Chaplain Reuben E. Curtis Muskogee, Oklahoma VA Central Office Salt Lake City 3, Utah HWashington 25, D. C. Chaplain Frederick J. Toomey Chaplain George L. Cutton ChapVlain li L. Hine5man Chaolain John L. McLean Bedford, Massachusetts Dayton, Ohio Atlanta, Georgia McGuire General Hospital Chaplain Philip B. Trigg
Chaplain Rowland A. Davenport Chaplain Michael Hinssen Richmond, Virginia Bay Pines, Florida Portland, Oregon Dayton, Ohio Chaplain Odus C. Newlon Chaplain Karl A. Tubesing Chaplain Henry J. Davis Chaplain George F. Hood Bath, New York Ft. Custer, Michigan Huntington 1, West Virginia Augusta, Georgia Chaplain William E. Pearson Chaplain St. Clair Vannix Chaplain Wiley R. Deal Chaplain Flvnn G. Humphreys Waco, Texas Hot Springs, South Dakota Columbia, South Carolina Nashville, Tennessee Chaplain Laurits H. Pedersen Chaplain Myndert M. Van Patten Chaplain William J. Dempsey Chaplain Gilbert F. Hyde Fort Meade, South Dakota VA Branch Office No. 13 Newingion, Connecticut Fayetteville, Arkansas Chaplain Russell L. Phillips Denver 1, Colorado
Chaplain Arthur J. Denelfo Chaplain William T. Ivey Tucson, Arizona Chaplain Charles S. Van Winkle Northport, L. I., New York haplainChaplain Charles S. Van Winkle
Downey, Illinois Chaplain Ernest F. Pine Kecoughtan, Virginia Chaplain Leo A. Dufour Chalain eh Jacobs Dayton, Ohio Chaplain H. W. F. Vaughan St. Cloud, Minnesota hpanJoseph J Jacobs Chiaplin H. W. F. Vaughan
innesota Wadsworth, Kansas Chaplain John J. Powers Jackson, Mississippi Chaplain Ira D. Eavenson Chaplain Charles R. Jenkins Northampton, Massachusetts Chaplain Nathaniel C. Wallin
Gulfpo, Mississippi Fayetteville, North Carolina Chaplain Earl E. Ray Los Angeles 25, California Chaplain Norman E. Edwards VA Branch Office No. 9 Palo Alto, California Chaplain Rudolph F. Joop St. Louis, Missouri Chaplain Edmund W. Weber
SDanville, Illinois St. Louis, Missouri Chaplain Edmund W. Weber Danall, IlinisVA Central Office Chaplain Homer Elliott Chaplain Douglas L. T. RobinsonOffice
os Angeles 5, California Chaplain George W. Kautz apin Doulas L. T. Robinson Washington 25, D. C.
~Tuskegee, Alabama o Dayton, Ohio Chaplain Robert B. Wierer Chaplain Ralph L. Erickson Chaplain Bran H. Kethley Chaplain John Rooney Ft Washington, aryland St. Cloud, Minnesota VA Branch Office No. 10 Northport, Long Island, New York Chaplain John R. Esaias Dallas, Texas Chaplain William H. Rosenblatt Chaplain Mark Wingerd Atlanta, Georgia Chaplain Laurence H. Keating Los Angeles 25, California Aspinwall 15, Pennsylvania
~Chaplain Laurence H. Keating
Chaplain Joseph D. Ewers Downey, Illinois Chaplain Nathaniel B. Saucier Chaplain Harry T. Wright Los Angeles 25, California Chaplain Edward J Konisky Biloxi, Mississippi Mountain Home, Tennessee Chaplain Edward J. Konisky
Chaplain Albert S. Feller Chillicothe, Ohio Chaplain Ralph G. Saxe Chaplain David R. Wylie Roseburg, Oregon Chaplain Alf M. Kraabel Canandaigua, New York Bronx 63, New York Chaplain Stephen J. Fitzpatrick VA Branch Office No. 8 Chaplain Kurt W. Schalk Chaplain John L. Zielinski Hines, Illinois Minneapolis, Minnesota American Lake, Washington Los Angeles 25, California
April-May, 1946 29




Where to, Chaplain?
By J. WARREN HASTINGS, Ph.D.
Minister, National City Christian Church, Washington, D. C.
THE chaplain did a good job in the war. To this we all D. C., it was my privilege to meet and visit with ma agree. Clergy and laity alike are proud of the remark- chaplains during the war. Most of these men were fr able record made by the "men of the cloth." Their achieve- my own communion. Some were not. On a number ments during the period of the war are an inspiration to occasions I attended luncheons and banquets which wei all of us. only for chaplains and ministers. Thus I was able to ta
Whether he was serving in the swamps of the South Pa- with chaplains other than those of my own denominati cific, the plains of North Africa or in the midst of deso- All of this experience was to the good and as a result of lated Europe, the chaplain had an unusual opportunity to these meetings my appreciation of and regard for t observe the intimate life of the men he endeavored to chaplaincy was deepened. minister to. He saw men in all sorts of different environ- I have, like most all ministers who served their church ments and settings. He saw all phases of the lives of men. during the war period, heard many service people spe Whether they were wounded or critically ill in the hos- of the outstanding contribution some chaplain has mad pital or were in the midst of a handball tournament which to their lives or of the tremendous help and power he h, the chaplain had planned and organized, the spiritual been to their outfits. advisor was there to witness, counsel and help. Where the It is down the trail of appreciation of the chaplain ad men were, he was. Did ever any religious leaders have my friendship for him that I ask the above questions. better chance to study the men of their parish than the Turn, then, to the specific questions. Has being a chap chaplain? We emphatically say "No!" lain improved the minister or will it prove detrimental
Moreover, the chaplain had an unusual opportunity to him? You answer, "It has helped to make him a finer, travel in different countries, visit strange places, witness stronger, more effective servant of his Lord." Well, has it? the social and economic customs of foreign peoples and One chaplain of my acquaintanceship has told his denoi see the various religions of the world at work. Most of us national leaders that he considers himself among the ablest have to be content with a course in comparative religions men of his communion and that he is interested only in a while we are in seminary. The chaplain was able to com- very large church. Incidentally, this man was servmIng pare religions firsthand. with fine success to be sure, a medium-sized church when
Our knowledge of the actual operation of a mission sta- he entered the service. Another chaplain told me that he tion on a foreign field has come to us by word of mouth, could not return to the same general type of church he left written reports, a recitation of personal experiences and because he had become accustomed to a larger income than pictures. Our mental grasp of a mission station and how it his kind of a church could pay. operates is largely colored by our imagination. The chap- I realize many of these men have given several years of lain has "sat where they sat," and he has seen with his eyes their lives, in many cases, of their best years, to the serve and heard with his ears what goes on in a mission station. ice of our country. I am also very conscious of the fa The chaplain is a most fortunate human being. that I stayed home, served a good church, and had all th
Even if the chaplain never got out of this country he had comforts that home could afford during the trying and most unusual opportunities to study men close up. How- difficult days of war. ever, in this article, we are thinking primarily of the chap- Move closer to the personality of the chaplain. Has hi lains who saw service outside of the United States. faith in God grown as a result of his war experience?
The question uppermost in many minds is, "What has have read the writings of several chaplains who reported the rich experience in the service done for the chaplain? how vital their religious services were at the front, on a Is he a better minister of religion because of it? Is he a ship going into action, or in a foxhole. God was very close more understanding pastor? Is he more effective as a to them in those terrible hours. They must have felt the personal counsellor? Is he now, after the many things he presence of His Spirit more intimately than ever before set up in the service, more efficient as an organizer? Is he The returned chaplain should, therefore, show unmnls more missionary in his outlook? In short, is he a better, takable signs of a deepening faith. Possibly you have seen more effective, more vital witness for Christ than he was many evidences of his deepened faith. when he went into the service?" Is the chaplain, and I include of course any chaplain
I realize that no one is qualified to answer these ques- who served in the recent war, whether he is now out of the tions and that they are very intimate. It is, however, im- service or not, more passionate in his passion for foreP perative that some solid thinking be done by all of the men missions? Most chaplains I met fully agreed with th who have served as chaplains in the last war. Many of much quoted statement of the soldier regarding his forced them have returned to churches. Others are teaching. Prac- stay with some island people that "due to the work of th tically all are staying in religious work. missionaries he was feasting instead of being feasted
As pastor of a large downtown church in Washington, upon." In their deepening of faith do chaplains have 30 The Army and Navy ChaplOi




Left to right: Chaplains William W. Elder, Clinton A. Neyman, Ernest L. Ackiss, John P. Forsander, Stanton W. Salisbury, Razzie W. Truitt, John F. Hugues, Albert E. Stone, Reuben W. Shrum, John W. Moore, Roy L. Lewis, Homer G. Glunt, William A. Maguire, Paul C. Linaweaver, and Robert D. Workman. William N. Thomas, placing wreath.
District Chaplains' Washington Conference
FOR the first time in the history of the Navy, District above group-Salisbury, Hugues, Glunt, and Linaweaver
Chaplains were called to Washington for a conference -served under Chaplain Frazier during World War I. during the week of April 8. Time was taken during the All of the chaplains pictured above hold the rank of capmeeting to pay a visit to the grave of the first Chief of tain, USN, except Rear Admiral Thomas, who is laying Navy Chaplains, John B. Frazier, who lies buried in Ar- the wreath on the grave. Chaplains Workman, Elder, and lington Cemetery. All but four of the chaplains in the Lewis were in the Corps when Frazier became Chief.
firmer and stronger belief in the efficacy of missions? You of his country, one cannot but ask the question, "In the answer, "Some do and others do not." If this is your an- over-all picture did my pastor become a more effective swer, you are saying that no generalization can be made servant for Christ as a result of his period of service in the about a matter like that, so we had better leave the ques- chaplaincy?" tion unanswered. I wonder if an experience such as the Every chaplain must look within his own heart for the chaplain had in a foreign country should not have quick- answer. ened the missionary spirit of every one of them. Either
Christ can save the world or He cannot. We have been A Correction told on numerous occasions that the prewar program of The last issue of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN, in the church would not suffice for this new day in which we its story of the presentation of the Medal of Honor to find ourselves. What has the chaplain to suggest as pro- Chaplain Joseph T. O'Callahan, USNR, on 23 January
Caplai ihedatteWieus, errnusly gram improvements? I, for one, am anxious to try to fol- 1945 in a ceremony held at the White House, erroneously low him in the unfolding of his new and wider program stated that O'Callahan was "the first Jesuit to enlist in the
-providing he has a new and wider program. Naval service." The qualifying phrase should have been Granted that the chaplain has a broader vision of Chris- added: "in this war." Catholic Order men served in the tian work, finer appreciation of brotherliness, more under- Navy during the First World War, including at least two standing of human nature than when he entered the service Jesuits, Edward P. Duffy and John J. Laherty.
April- May, 1946 31




LUNCHEON OF D. C. CHAPLAINS ASSOCIATION
Speakers table, left to right: Mrs. C. M. Drury; Chaplain C. M. Drury, Editor, The Army and Navy Chaplain; Chaplain P rick J. Ryan, Deputy Chief of Chaplains; Senator James M. Mead of New York; Chaplain John K. Borneman, Presid of the Washington Chapter; Chaplain J. W. Moore, District Chaplain, PRNC; Mrs. J. W. Moore; Chaplain AIn Reed a Chaplain Eric T. Braund, now serving with the Methodist Chaplaincy Commission.
Association Chapters Have Great Possibilities
By CHAPLAIN HARRY C. FRASER
THERE are about twelve thousand good reasons for the an honest difference of opinion as to how an association of
formation of Army-Navy Chaplains' Association chap- chaplains should be organized and conducted. There is ters around the globe. Three thousand of these "reasons" seldom a difference of opinion as to whether one should wore Navy uniforms and the other nine thousand were be organized. Washington solved the problem by a simpl once attired in khaki. Many chaplains of the several world nondues organization. There is no initiation fee and wars in which we have engaged would welcome the op- nothing to lose if you are suddenly transferred to Tim portunity to meet and recall other days, to perpetuate buktu. A minimum of elected officers, plus a good profriendships and convictions that are held dear, and to pro- gram committee, does the trick admirably in the Nation's mote the interests of the Country generally. capital. A hotel willing to serve a good noonday meal a
When one chaplain was told that another chaplain had the fair price of one dollar was discovered. The manage reported an Army and Navy Chaplains' Association in the ment even encouraged the diners to stick around after th Tokyo-Yokohama area, Chaplain Number One recalled program for further "gab fests" if they so desired. The vividly his own attendance at a similar formation in Kara- Navy folk usually hold their District Chaplains' Meeting chi, India. That in turn will recall the get-togethers of immediately following the luncheon. your own experience when men of the cloth met to break A canny secretary-treasurer collects that one dollar as bread and seek common sources of inspiration in far-flung you enter the dining room plus ten cents for tips and plus parts of the earth. Some day the whole story will be another fifteen cents which covers incidental expenses, lik spliced together and what an interesting yarn that will stationery and stamps. That is all. No dues. No further make. obligation.
In the meantime, there are rumors of association chap- Of course, it should be said that Washington offers prO ters in the making in Chicago, San Antonio, San Francisco, gram material which is tops in quality and which attracts Norfolk and several other points. a capacity crowd of chaplains and their wives and friends
When two or more chaplains meet there will always be (Continued on page 38)
32 The Army and Navy Chaplain




Left to right: Chaplain Luther D. Miller, Chief of Chaplains; Chaplain Harry C. Fraser, Technical Information Division; Chaplain Roy H. Parker, Personnel Division; Chaplain Walter B. Zimmerman, Army Ground Force Liaison; and Chaplain
Patrick J. Ryan, Deputy Chief of Chaplains at presentation of three Legion of Merit awards.
Three Division Heads.in Chief's
.Office Honored
A UNIQUE ceremony took place in the Office of the Chaplain Parker, as Theater Chaplain, supervised the
Chief of Chaplains (Army), on 27 March 1946, religious activities in North Africa with an inspiring dewhen the Legion of Merit was awarded to three chaplains motion to duty. He demonstrated keen judgment and great on the staff of the Chief of Chaplains. Chaplains Fraser, leadership in brilliantly performing an important assignParker and Zimmerman were decorated for their contri- meant. bution to the great cause they have served. They are among Chaplain Zimmerman performed distinguished service the many chaplains who have brought honor to their Corps. in various important assignments in the Office, Chief of Chaplain Fraser distinguished himself by outstanding Chaplains and did special work with the Morale Branch, service in this office and in organizing and effectively di- War Department. Through his professional ability, rare reacting the Air Liaison Division and in his able dissemina- tact, and wide knowledge of military and civilian affairs, tion of information dealing with religious and denomina- he rendered invaluable assistance to the Chief of Chapti0nal activities. plains. April-May, 1946 33




When the Chaplain Comes Home
By LIEUTENANT JIM LUCAS
Combat Correspondent, United States Marine Corps
to his feet and repeated the epithet. The Raiders were
Here's plain talk from a man who's seen chaplains dumbfounded. "Now," Father R- roared, "you have under fire. You may not agree. But can you honestly heard me say it. And I'm a priest. How does it sound? say you're in step with your own minister who's The marine was shamefaced and silent. "It ought to turn away, or with the young man who will be your min- your stomach," the padre said and strode away. Apparentl ister after the war? it did, for there was a marked decrease in profanity from that time on.
There are wider problems than profanity for the chap.
W ILu t when he comes lain to solve. Relatively few of the men in any combat unit
ILL you recognize your minister when he comes are members of their chaplain's church. As one chaplain
home after the war ? Maybe you've never asked that ar mebr ofterca'anscu. Asoecali
home after the war? Maybe you've never asked that told me recently, "Denominationalism doesn't mean very question. But he has. He will not be &he same man who .,,
uesti. Bu, he s. w inter the ae much in the service. Protestant chaplains have worked left you, and he knows it. Our ministers often are pris- with Catholics, Catholics with Jews. A Presbyterian chap oners of creed. They live among those of their own faith, lain from the deep south remarked recently, almost as often to the exclusion of other contacts. But those now inhe e b th reat nth a wk i the army, navy, and marine corps have suddenly found it he were startled by the realization, that he had worked i te army, navy, and marine corps have suddenly foulnd it partership with a Catholic priest through four ofth necessary to live and work with men of different beliefs partnership with a Catholic priest through four of the and creeds; they have rubbed elbows with men from dif- toughest campaigns of the Pacific-"And there has neve ferent parts of their own country, good men, bad men and been a single major disagreement between us." When one Catholic priest was wounded on Saipan, the Protestant
just average men. Our ministers in the services are learn- chaplain who worked with him told me, "It doesn't seem ing that no one church has a monopoly on heaven. They re like the same outfit with that old character gone. learning that they must practice what they preach. Ministers may have known before joining the services
The chaplain has also learned that the taboos with which that each faith is broad enough to include them all. But churches sometimes surround their preachers, priests and the knowledge was too often purely academic. In uniform, rabbis vanish when he goes into the field. Few of his new the .wede actal w parishioners feel the necessity of pretending they are what they saw the idea actually work out. they aren't. They admit their own shortcomings and are The greatest difficulty experienced by chaplains of my quick to point out the chaplain's. They challenge him to acquaintance throughout the Pacific is that too many of show them a better way of life. But the average chaplain their Commanding Officers expect them to be sufficient enjoys the honesty with which his men approach him. unto themselves. One chaplain approached his new C.0
At home, ministers live and work with men and women an energetic young major who knew everything about who profess to believe with them. When the preacher tanks and was interested in little else, to ask when he visits a parishioner, the children are brought out washed should hold services. The major answered bluntly, I behind the ears. When he goes to dine, he gets the old don't give a damn if you ever hold services. That's your red rooster with dumplings. And he's accustomed to a baby." certain amount of deference. In the services no one makes To a chaplain who has been accustomed to relying on any attempt to impress the chaplain. He has a job and he his board of deacons for support in every decision he is expected to do it. Quite often it fs rough-and the makes, it is undoubtedly unnerving to be thrown suddenly chaplain must sometimes learn to be rough himself. on his own. But the majority of chaplains seem to have
chapainmus soetims larnto e rogh imslf.found it surprisingly exhilarating. They have developed
I know of at least one young chaplain who broke under found it surprisingly exhilarating. They have developed
the strain. His desire to be one of the fellows was too new channels of expression, new outlooks, new reliance strong. To his complete surprise, his concessions alienated a new sense of independence. And many of them will not them. His men, even the professed atheists, did not like willingly surrender it when they return to civilian life. to see their chaplain drink. They complained to his colo- A chaplain who weathers his first rocks and shoals wil nel that he swore too much. Probably they felt he was have much to take home with him-not alone in material neglecting his job. A machine gunner is expected to be a for sermons, although many of them can be expected to good machine gunner. A chaplain is expected to be a good begin, "Now when I was on Saipan . ." but in his ap chaplain. proach to the human problem and in his intolerance Of outside interference.
But good chaplains are in the majority. There is Father outside interference.
R-, the Raider padre. On one occasion he heard a marine In New Zealand, for example, my own active Chrisiafn use. a particularly vile oath. The padre jerked the offender ity was put to a severe test. My best friend was the pastor of the Methodist Church and one evening I orated at
*Reprinted with permission from Woman's Home Companion of April, length to him on the evils of British rule in India. My 1945. indictment was scathing and my friend, who was a 0loya 34 The Army and Navy Chapla




Britisher but, withal, a Christian, solemnly agreed that I I1 was right. I001k Re01iewS
The next evening I called to invite myself to dinner.
"Come along," he said, "a fellow countryman of yours is FIVE MILES CLOSER TO HEAVEN: AN ADVENTURE our guest." I went out to the house. Jim Lucas, said the BY PARACHUTE OVER THE JUNGLES OF INDIA. By Chappatr I want you to meet Tom Jackson, a fellow Ameri- B AAHT VRTEJNLSO NI.B hp pastor, "I want you to meet Tom Jackson, a fellow Ame- lain Harry F. Wade, C.Ss.R., USA. The Liguorian can. Pamphlet Office Oconomowoc, Wisc., 1945 (pamTom Jackson was a Negro. I am a southerner. My Pamphlet Office, Oconomowoc, Wisc., 1945 grandfather fought with the Men of Gray. My mother's phlet), illustrated, 60 pp., 25. people joined the Confederacy in Arkansas, my father's in Here is a fascinating account of an Army chaplain atTexas and Louisiana. I was brought up on the notion of tached to the India-China Division, Air Transport Comwhite supremacy. If I had not known my friend was in- mand, who had to bail out while flying the "hump" at capable of so crude a trick, I would have suspected he 22,000 feet over wild mountainous India jungles. The invited Tom Jackson on purpose to embarrass me. But he story of his subsequent experiences getting back to civilizahad merely assumed that I believed what I said when I tion is thrilling reading. This pamphlet is a worthy addihad lectured so vehemently on India. Self-righteously I tion to the growing list of publications giving firsthand achad belabored his King and his country for mistreating a counts of combat and war experiences by chaplains. helpless people. Could I refuse to sit down at the table
with my fellow American?
wihm elwAeia?. DOUGHBOY CHAPLAIN. By Captain Edward K. RogI sat. I suspect I am the first person of Lucas-Martin- DOUGHBOY CHAPLAIN. By Captain Edward K. RogGriffing stock to eat with a Negro in generations. I found ers. Meador Publishing Co., Boston, 1946. 2230 pp., him one of the finest Christians I have ever met. He had 21 illustrations, $2.00. come off a recently torpedoed destroyer, had faced the This is a vivid, almost day-by-day account of a Lutheran same danger for our country that I was facing. At the risk Army chaplain attached to the First Infantry Division, who of offending my family and my friends, I must say .that went through seven campaigns including North Africa, some of us have a long way to go before we can call our- Sicily, Normandy, and the Battle of the Bulge. Dr. Ylviselves Christians and prove it. This is another lesson that saker claims that Rogers is "the most decorated chaplain has been learned by many chaplains, of one of the most decorated fighting infantry divisions of Some chaplains fear, I think unreasonably, that they have the U. S. army." The author begins his story with an acbecome hardened. I have yet to meet a chaplain whom I count of the motives that led him to enlist. At times the would call a calloused man. book is slow reading as you follow him through all of the
Chaplain L- told me recently that he had seen a ma- detail and routine of a soldier's life, but then when you get rine shot in action, had helped to bandage his wounds, car- into the descriptions of battle, the story grips you. ried him out on a stretcher and watched calmly while the Among the unusual experiences recounted is that of maimed leg was being treated. capturing a German officer (pp. 177 ff.) who proved to
"Two years ago," he said, "I couldn't have looked at be a Lutheran minister who had been forced to serve in anything like it. At home I know I couldn't have stood it. the Army. One cannot read this book without having a I was squeamish about the sight of blood. But there I stood, tremendous admiration, not only for the author, but also watching him, touching him, sharing his pain, and I didn't for all,chaplains who went with their men into combat. feel squeamish." After thirty-three months of service, all but one spent overOur clergymen are developing their forthrightness, seas, Chaplain Rogers returned to his civilian pastorate, Most already had it but it is no reflection on them to say First Lutheran Church, Warren, Penna. that their civilian environment did not encourage physical
ruggedness. A minister who engaged in active sports was
a rarity. But certainly Chaplain L-'s ability to meet the GUERRILLA PADRE IN MINDANAO. By Edward emergency was more Christian than running and hiding Haggerty. Longmans, Green & Co., 1946. 257 pp. with his face at the sight of blood. It wasn't a question of hay- index, $2.75. ing become calloused. Father Haggerty, S.J., American Rector of the College of He will be a different man, however, when he comes Cagayan, Mindanao, did not leave the island during the back after the war is over. He will be forceful. He can be recent war, even though opportunities for repatriation expected to call a spade a spade. And I shall be sadly came to him. He elected to remain with his people and surprised if he.,doesn't offend some of the self-righteous share with them all of the dangers and difficulties of life citizens ho attend many churches. Some of our ex- under the conquering Japanese. For three years he lived chaplains may be kicked out of some nice pulpits by in- in the hills, moving from place to place to avoid capture, dignant congregations. But the church will be stronger all the time carrying oni his religious ministry as a civilian for these men whose eyes are opened to reality, priest. His sympathy for and cooperation with the forces And give the credit to the marines and their brothers in of resistance earned for him the title of Guerrilla Padre. the army and navy, the lads who have had a lasting in- This account of his experiences is intensely interesting. fluence on the chaplains. The teacher has been taught. Incidentally, the book throws much light upon the activiThe preacher went to war and heard a sermon. Will you ties of Amercan officers who received material aid from be able to understand it when he comes home? United States submarines. (Continued on page 40)
April-May, 1946 35




CONSTITUTION
of
The Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United States
A Constitution can be an instrument of action or a brake meeting. The members may vote either in person or by written upon the wheel of progress. Some strong criticisms have proxy. been levelled against ours. In case most of us have never ARTICLE VI. read this archive we reproduce it for serious consideration. Meetings and Elections It is in the hands of the Committee of Revision. Section 1. The regular meetings of The Association shall be held once each year, or as may be decided upon by the Executive Staff
The time and place of said meetings shall be prescribed by the mem
ARTICLE I. bers in convention assembled, or by the Executive Staff, with 2 The title of this organization shall be "The Chaplains Association days' notice to each member in case of the latter.
of the Army and Navy of the United States." Section 2. Special meetings may be called by the Executive St upon a written request therefor, signed by fifty members, in which
ARTICLE II. the object of the meeting desired is clearly stated. At least 20 days The offices and headquarters of this Association shall be in notice of such meeting shall be given to members.
WNashington, D. C., or at such place as the Executive Staff shall Section 3. Twenty-five per cent of all members in the Unite determine. States either present in person or represented by proxy shall con ARTICLE III. stitute a quorum.
The object of this Association shall be to foster a fellowship Section 4. The election of officers shall take place at a regular among the men who are serving.as chaplains in the Regular Army, meeting, shall be by ballot, and a plurality of all votes cast sl Navy, the Army Reserve Corps, the National Guard, the Naval elect. ARTICLE VII Reserve, retired chaplains and those who formerly served as chap- ARTICLE VII. lains; to disseminate information relative to the religious work in all Officers branches of the Army and Navy, and to be the medium for the Section 1. The elective officers of The Association shall b interchange of ideas and the development of methods calculated to chosen from the active members. advance good citizenship and to promote and maintain a high moral Section 2. The elective officers of The Association shall be and religious standard through the Army and Navy. President, twelve Vice-Presidents-three at large located in or nea
ARTICLE IV the vicinity of national headquarters, and one for each Corps Are who reside therein. They shall hold office for one year, or unti
Membership their successors are elected. Section 1. The Association shall consist of (1) active members, Section 3. The Executive Staff shall appoint a Secretary and (2) honorary members. Treasurer, and at its discretion an Editor or a Publication Commnuni
Section 2. The following persons shall be eligible to membership: tee, or both, for The Association publication, to hold office at it (a) Active members-All chaplains of the Regular Army, Regu- pleasure or until their successors have qualified. The Staff shall al lar Navy, National Guard, Army Reserve, Naval Reserve, Retired, appoint an Executive Secretary. Inactive and former chaplains. Section 4. The duties of the officers shall be those usually per
(b) Honorary Members-Honorary membership may be con- taining to these officers in organized societies. ferred upon such persons as, in the opinion of the Executive Staff, ARTICLE VIII seem eligible for this distinction upon the unanimous vote of this ARTICLE VIII. body. They shall pay no dues but shall be entitled to copies of such The Executive Staff publications as The Association may issue. Section 1. The Executive Staff shall consist of the President, th
Section 3. Any person desiring to join The Association shall for- Vice Presidents, and the appointive officers.
ward his application-to the Secretary, accompanied by the first year's Section 2. Three members shall constitute a quorum of the Edues, and the necessary evidence of eligibility. Applications will be ecutive Staff. referred to the Executive Staff for decision, and candidates will be Section 3. Vacancies in the Executive Staff may be filled by notified of the result. two-thirds vote of the members remaining, members so chosen to
Section 4. Schools, libraries, clubs, societies and individuals may hold office until the next election.
subscribe for the publications of The Association at the price fixed Section 4. The Executive Staff shall have charge of the gene by the Executive Staff, but shall be considered as subscribers only, administration of the affairs of The Association under the Articl and not entitled to the privileges of membership. set forth in the Constitution. They shall authorize the expenditu
Section 5. Any member may withdraw from The Association at of the funds, audit the accounts of the Secretary-Treasurer, control any time by tendering a resignation in writing to the Executive the records and property, define the policy to be followed by a Staff. Such resignation shall not be accepted, however, until all publications of The Association, and supervise their contents. Tb indebtedness to The Association has been cancelled, shall, in general, take such measures as they may deem most exped
Section 6. Any member may be dropped for cause by a two-thirds ent to further the aims and interests of The Association, and ina vote of the Executive Staff, or if he shall be more than one year in such By-Laws, not in conflict with this Constitution, as in the arrears in payment of dues. judgment may be necessary.
Section 7. The annual dues of all active members shall be fixed ARTICLE IX.
by the Executive Staff, but shall not exceed $3.00 per annum Revision of the Constitution payable at the beginning of the year of membership. The payment of these dues shall entitle the member to a copy of all publications Revision of this Constitution may only be made by a two-thi of The Association. vote of all members voting, either in person or by proxy, and at
Section 8. Membership of an individual shall date from Janu- regular annual meeting. Provided also that the subject matter of ary 1, preceding the date of the election, and annual dues shall such proposed revisions shall be submitted to the Members of T become payable on January I of each year. Association in writing and over the signature of the President, tl Secretary, at least 30 days prior to the annual meeting at which t
ARTICLE V. vote upon the proposed revision is to be taken. Rights and Obligations of Members * *
Section 1. Members of The Association of whatever class shall NOTE: The following approved action was inadvertently onitted be entitled to one vote each at all meetings of The 'Association ex- from the record of the proceedings; that the chaplains of the Mi cept as hereafter specified. Votes may be cast by proxy but the tary Academy at West Point, the Naval Academy at Annapolis, a proxies must be in writing. the Coast Guard Academy at New London, Conn., if not eligible
Section 2. Active members shall be entitled to vote for officers of membership by reason of being commissioned in the Army, Nay The Association or upon changes of this Constitution. Marine Corps or Coast Guard, be made honorary members of tl Section 3. Additional pecuniary obligation may be imposed upon Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United State members only by an act of The Association at a regular or special -ASG.
36 The Army and Navy Chapla




HOUGHTS, CTIVITIES, ECHNIQUES
A Department of Helpful Suggestions and Materials for Chaplains
gin, for your inspiration and use, we present the Here there are no quotas of how many from each group Department. This is your page. Your THOUGHTS, are admitted or allowed. Among these men there is no r ACTIVITIES, your TECHNIQUES are what build discrimination. No prejudices. Theirs is the highest is department. If you wish to pass along ideas or and purest democracy." stations from your sermons and bulletins, you may e this medium through which to spread the light. d material to TAT, c/o THE ARMY AND NAVY Do you like to dabble in figures? Sometimes they make APLAIN, 1751 N Street, NW, Washington 6, D. C. us think!
Population of the U. S., 1945 .139,621,431
W hite ................. 125,053,137
Resource Material for Chaplains Non-white .............. 14,568,464
Look up "Army Talk No. 114," WD, Washington, 16th Male ................... 69,694,981
ch, 1946-"The Veteran as a Citizen." Female ................. 69,926,450
M It is estimated that by 1950 the population of the U. S. SDowling, S.. in leaflet "Chaplain's Serice," will have gained thirteen million.
dward Dowling, S.J. in leaflet Chaplains Service, In 1950 there will be five million more children under III, No. 11, refers to RECOVERY, INC., 185 N. 10 years of age than in 1940. bash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. They publish a month- In 1899 only 22.5 per cent of the population of the 2 mimeographed news sheet ($1.00 per year) dealing United States was reported as belonging to the church. th improved psychiatric techniques. Fr. Dowling writes: In 1945 52.5 per cent were reported as having church "Just as chaplains can hold out solid hope for alco- affiliation. holic penitents in the example of the Alcoholics Anony- Population of the U. S. 24 years and under-54,984,127. mous, so he can do much the same for mental and nervous cases that come to him, by citing the example of Recovery, Inc. And as we are speaking of figures we quote this tabulation from the Christian Observer, Louisville, Kentucky: ethodist General Board of Education, 810 Broadway, Expenditures for the war .....$86,700,000,000 ashville 2, Tenn., publishes an interesting brochure, Savings and investments ...... $40,000,000,000 emobilization Bulletin." Annual subscription, 50 for Luxuries and gambling ....... $10,000,000,000 ssues. Liquor .................... $ 7,100,000,000
PRecreation ................. $ 5,500,000,000
Tobacco ................. $ 2,700,000,000
From Chaplain Robert O. Smith comes this idea that Cosmetics, etc............... $ 2,200,000,000
y be of help IF we practice it. He says "I keep a little Churches and charities ...... $ 1,600,000,000 k which I call a log book of ideas and experiences. ten an idea or a thought comes to my mind as I read or about my work . I don't think that I shall log in From Chaplain Ylvisaker's correspondence when on his ny original gems of wisdom in my little log book. But tour of ETO we lift the phrase: "GI and GIW." That er chaplains might." gives us something new to use. Would a chaplain therefore become a "GIS" if he is a GI Saint?
om Chaplain Roland B. Gittelsohn's burial service for ericans killed on Iwo Jima comes this great paragraph: CWO Paul M. Filmner of the office Chief of Chaplains "Here lie men who loved America because their an- calls our attention to a correction in the American Army estors generations ago helped in her founding, and Chaplaincy. On p. 44, line four, read: ".. called to other men who loved her with equal passion because active duty with the Citizens Military Training Camps and alater incconnection with the work of the Civilian Conserey themselves or their own fathers escaped from op later in connection with he work of the Civilian Conseression to her blessed shores. Here lie officers and men, vation Corps egroes and white, rich men and poor-together. Here re Protestants, Catholics and Jews-together. . From the cover of the November, 1945, issue of The
ay, 1946




American Lutheran comes this thought: "Religion is the not be so keen as in the capital. And, just that simplA fourth 'R' in education." ten thousand men, who served a common flag and a co 1 mon God, meet to honor both and to perpetuate awo The Executive Committee of the Federal Council while association. Write in to THE ARMY AND NA adopted a resolution on January 15, 1946, concerning CHAPLAIN and tell us what is going on in your sec "Religion and the Birthrate." You may find it in its CHAPTER NOTES FROM AROUND THE GLO entirety in the Federal Council Bulletin, March, 1946. Ex- should make an attractive news page in our official ass'c cerpt of interest is: ". . Without a necessary biological tion journal, THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN. provision for the future of the Church our best Christian efforts will fall short because they will lack an adequateSy constituency through which to work. Spiritual Point System
"Second birth is impossible without first birth In these days when service personnel have been countin Evangelism is most effective with persons who have their points, let us check our lives to see how many of the fol religious influences in their home background to which it ing points we have in our personal record. We are on the can appeal. It cannot be expected to make up for that pathway of life: type of group suicide which occurs when the part of the 1. If I always look for the best in each person, situation) population representing the evangelical heritage does not thing. reproduce itself." 2. If I resolutely turn my back on the past, good or bad, a live only in the present and future.
"Retreats are the answer," says Chaplain Paul J. Cuddy, 3. If I forgive everybody without exception, no matter 4 of the Diocese of Rochester, N. Y. In a conversation with he may have done; and if I then forgive myself wh a lieutenant en route from Munich to Compeigne he said: htedl "Retreats are religious exercises given to dulled souls to 4. If I regard my job as sacred and do my day's work to arouse them to the really important things of the world. very best of my ability (whether I like it or not). Usually a small group of men leave their work, or fun, the 5. If I take every means to demonstrate a healthy body y g upharmonious surroundings for myself. things that are keeping them busy, for four to seven days. harmonious surroundings for myself.
6. If I endeavor to makemylfofamuhsrieto
They live together, usually in a religious house 6. If I endeavor to make my life of as much service to y og gas possible, without interfering or fussing. There is time to think, time to pray, time to examine the as possible, without interfering or fussing conscience, time to plan the future." 7. If I take every opportunity wisely to spread the knowle of Truth to others.
Chaplain Cuddy points out the value of retreats for all
men who would do the will of God. 8. If I rigidly refrain from personal criticism, and ne
men who would do the wll of God. speak nor listen to gossip.
9. If I devote at least a quarter of an hour a day to pa
This Brother Says It With Two Years' Membership. and meditation.
It is a source of great satisfaction to me to consider how 10. If I read at least seven verses of the Bible every day, far our Country has advanced in its ministry to service 11. If I specifically claim spiritual understanding for my men and women on the part of the religious forces of our every day. land. The fact that we have the splendid Chaplains' Asso- 12. If I train myself to give the first thought on waking to ciation, closely integrated and functioning for the benefit 13. If I speak the Word for the whole world every day, of the entire religious ministry to our armed forces, has at noon. meant much to me . I am certain that we are able to 14. If I practice the Golden Rule of Jesus instead of me minister this time far more effectively than during World admiring it. He said, "Whatsoever ye would that War I, when I was an enlisted man, and saw little of Chap- should do to you, do ye even so to them." The imp lains' activities. THE ARMY AND NAvY CHAPLAIN has point about the Golden Rule is that I am to practice whether the other fellow does so or not.
done much to make evident our solidarity in service.
(Inclosed find $4.00 for two years' membership.) 15. If, above all, I understand that whatever I see is but picture which can be changed for the better by scien
Prayer.
And This Verbal Brickbat.
Told to one of us in a personal conversation with a
friend: "I think your paper lacks dignity and looks too U. S. Chaplains Give $15,000 for Use of Nippon, cheap." Seminary Army Chaplains have recently made a gift of 23
Of interest and value to all Chaplains is the recent WD yen (about $15,000) to the Nippon Theological Semin AR 600-900 entitled "Repression of Prostitution," dated The money was collected at Protestant services in the T 5 April 1946. area from men of General Headquarters and 98th Sg Battalion XI Corps and will be used for scholarships
Association Chapters Have Great Possibilities! faculty salaries. To date Christian education in Japan
(Continued from page 32) been confined to lower grades of sub-university trai However, at remote points, more humble oratorical fare and only two Christian Universities have been built i would prove equally attractive. The competition would years. 38 The Army and Navy Cha




.~P'.
To the Editors
Nre About Merchant Marine Chaplains. experience which Navy Chaplains derived from active duty The article in the January-February, 1946, issue of THE at sea, with Marines, and at overseas bases. Wide experiY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN by Commodore Telfair ence with service personnel on active duty does give to the night, U.S.M.S., on chaplains in the Merchant Marine clergyman who would serve as a Chaplain at training ives a clear picture of what it means to provide a religious centers agreat advantage. ad spiritual ministry to all men who follow the sea. On 23 March 1946. ne point, however, I feel that, in all fairness to the Navy, R. D. WORKMAN, correction should be made. The Navy did offer to pro- Captain, Ch.C., U. S. Navy, Formerly Chief of Chaplains, USN.
ide Chaplains to minister to the personnel of the Mari- Formerly Chief of Chaplains, USN. ie Service (Merchant Marine), both at training centers or officers and training centers for all other personnel. s a matter of fact, the Navy was under the impression No! You Have Forgotten Your Church Publication. hat arrangements had been made for us to provide the Following your published suggestion in the last issue of haplains needed by the Merchant Marine. The Bureau of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN, I inclose herewith one aval Personnel ordered two (2) Chaplains to the Mer- dollar ($1.00), coin of the realm, for six copies of Ameriant Marine Training Center at Sheepshead Bay, Long can Army Chaplaincy. sland, and one Chaplain to the Officers Training School You did not ask that you be informed of the disposal of t Great Neck, Long Island. the six copies, but here it is: The Navy Chaplain assigned to duty by The Navy De- 1. My prep school library. itent at Great Neck Merchant Marine Officers Train- 2. My college library. g School advised the Bureau of Naval Personnel, im- 3. My divinity school library. ediately after he reported there for duty, that he found a 4. My local city library.
plain (not Navy) already there on duty and that his 5. Headquarters of my college fraternity. presence (the Navy Chaplain's) was questioned. The 6. Could I keep this one? Bureau of Naval Personnel immediately corresponded ith the Commanding Officer at Great Neck and learned With every good wish for the continued high standard he following: the Merchant Marine desired to make its of excellence of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN, I am, wn selection of clergymen who were to serve as chaplains Fraternally,
ith the Merchant Marine and that the Merchant Marine HARRY C. FRASER,
ould like to have all such clergymen, whom the Merchant Arlington, Virginia. arine selected, commissioned as Chaplains in the United States Naval Reserve, with the understanding that all such lergymen selected by the Merchant Marine and commis- We Wish a Majority of Chaplains Had Done This. ioned by the Navy in the Naval Reserve, were to remain I wish to renew my subscription for THE ARMY AND n duty indefinitely where and as the Merchant Marine NAVY CHAPLAIN. During the war I have had this publicaigt decde or direct them to serve.
ht dede or direct them to serve. tion sent to my wife in Iowa, who in turn forwarded it to Since the Navy does not relinquish or surrender its au- me. It has been a very valuable and timely source of inhority or jurisdiction over its officers, the Bureau of Naval formation and inspiration for me, and I certainly wish to Personnel could not enter into any such arrangements with continue to receive it. he Merchant Marine concerning its Chaplains. Because ARTHUR C. MARSTON, of the foregoing indicated policies of both the Merchant Camp Swift, Texas. Marine and the Navy Department, those Chaplains who had been ordered to duty with the Merchant Marine, three Number, two at Sheepshead Bay and one at Great Neck, Kudos From a Sailor. ere detached by the Bureau of Naval Personnel and ordered to other duty. u on Congratulations on the last copy of our magazine. It ere t ote d.... is the best yet!
feel sure the clergymen who served as Chaplains with is the best yet!
,P. H..TOMLINSON, USN'R, Merchant Marine rendered excellent service. The only P Dn r,
Possible advantage which might have accrued to the per- Lake Denmark, Dover, N. J. onel of the Merchant Marine, had Navy Chaplains
istered to them, would have been that which derived Send More Ideas! We Welcome Them!
Send More Ideas! We Welcome Them!
t the training which was given to clergymen who ened the Navy, at our Chaplains' Training School and the The magazine is excellent and I am grateful for the news, the ideas, and the inspiration I received from it. ro's NOTE: Subsequent to our last issue we have learned that the EUGENE B. NYMAN,
ShiPping Administration is keeping eight chaplains on duty at train- C a inUSNR.
chols. Chaplain, U R.
My, 1946 39




We Can Still Serve All Veterans. that the rules of the Chaplains Association do not pe
I enjoyed the work very much and appreciated the fel- members on inactive duty, please accept the check as a lowship of the Chaplain Corps. I've read with pleasure extremely modest contribution to a good cause. the Chaplains' publications and would like to receive these ERNEST DARYL KENT if available . Thank you! May God bless the Chap- Guilford College, N C. lain Corps. RAYMOND COLDREN (REv.),
Liberty, Mo. We Hope All Who Have Worn the Cross-or Tablet LibertyWill Be Interested.
I think it would be very constructive and conducive
From a World War I Chaplain-A Large Order! the well-being of the Chaplain Corps, if all members o
I hope that the editors will continue to give a survey of former members would present ways in which the Cha books and also a list of articles being published by Chap- lain Corps could be improved. These suggestions coc lains; in fact I would like a survey of all new war books be published, discussed, and perhaps many of them cou if it is not too great an avalanche, be used. Since many of the chaplains are back in dcivili ARTHUR J. HANSEN, life, they would feel perfectly free to express themselv Arlington, Va. C. VAN SCHOUWEN, Munich, Germany.
And These Friendships Are Fine.
Your good publication. . has come to me after being BOOK REVIEWS delayed by a change in address. It is my desire to congratu- (Continued from page 35) late you on the many fine features and articles. I plan to TELL THE FOLKS BACK HOME. By U. S. Senate remain a subscriber after I am released from active duty. James.M. Mead. D. Appleton-Century Co., New Yor It will be one method by which I will be able to continue 1944. 298 pp. with index, $3.00. my friendships among the Chaplains. This book contains an account of Senator Mead's 45,4 Fraternally yours, mile inspection tour, with four other Senators, of all ma]oi JACOB S. MACKORELL, JR., American bases and fighting fronts in July, August, an Alexandria, Va. September 1943. Since it was written and published durin the course of the war, certain censorship regulations fo
bade the release of such information as names of place
It Has Helped Many Others, Too visited. The accounts of exciting events, with occasion Service in the armed forces has been a very valuable ex- humorous turns, easily carry the reader's interest. Sen, perience for me in many ways. Contacts with men of all tor Mead not only visited famous places, he talked w4 classes, races, and creeds have broadened my vision of the famous people-Churchill, Chiang Kai-shek, Nim task facing the Christian religion and more firmly con- Eisenhower, and MacArthur. On several occasions, vinced me that in the practicing of the Christian way of author had occasion to observe the work of chaplains i life is the solution of this world's problems. was always ready with words of praise. A most informant ERNEST C. BArD, and readable book.
China Theater.
M M OUR EYES WERE OPENED. By Arnold M. Maahs (L A Hospital Chaplain Appreciates Us! Col., USA). The Wartburg Press, 55 East Main Columbus, Ohio, 1946. 110 pp., paper bound, 50of
Have appreciated all the assistance, information, co- Columbus, Ohio, 1946. 110 pp., paper bound, 5
operation and help you have extended to me in the past. Chaplain Maahs, a member of the American Luthe May the Lord continue His blessings upon you in His church, became an Army chaplain shortly before Pe service and the noble and constructive program which you Harbor. He accompanied one of the first units to sail frr promote.in His Kingdom is my humble prayer. San Francisco for the South Pacific. For months he stationed in New Guinea where he had excellent opp
i Lk tunities to meet native Christians and to see the results Libraries Like It, Too! missionary work. This book Our Eyes Were Opened is
We are glad to have your publication in our library, summary of his observations. It would serve as an exc
JANNETTE E. NEWHALL, Librarian, lent mission study book for adult and young peo Andover-Harvard Theological Library, groups of our Protestant churches. The practical apprO Cambridge, Mass. of seeing the beneficial results of missions through ti f eyes of American service personnel should be most appa ing. Chaplain Maahs discovered that "these natives v
It Is Precisely These Reserve Chaplains Whom We Want. practicing Christians in spite of the bushy heads and
I am one of those Chaplains that are in the process of red loinclothes." The natives have been converted, not being returned to civilian life and inactive duty. None the a western culture, but to Christ. During the dark days less I would appreciate the opportunity of receiving the the war when many of the missionaries were forced to magazine and being considered a member. In the event they kept the faith. 40 The Army and Navy Chap




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To All Who Labor in the Vineyard
Teachers! We? Our Master was a Teacher of the Way of Life. He called on men to leave Their nets-the woven fabric Of past days of toilAnd follow the new road That leads along the paths Of effort
To the anterooms of God.
Workers! We?
Our Master was a Worker who knew the ache of toil.
He walked the hills of Galilee
And hauled great timbers home
To hew the yokeThe lintel of the doorThe beam that roofed the cottage.
He called men to be
Workers
In the vineyard of the Lord!
Leaders! We ? Our Master was a Leader who was raised Cross-high. He knew the disappointment Of the day
When, from His call to work, A young man turned away. He knew the joy and sorrow Leaders share Who walk God's way.
Yes!
Teachers! Workers! Leaders! We Who bear the burden of each day And serve the Lord, Must wear deep marks upon our souls! We cannot, dare not, work alone! Even as Jesus prayed That God, and He, and we Who follow, should be One, So may it be our task To heal
The broken body of the Church! To set men free!
H. G.E.




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