Citation
The Army and Navy chaplain

Material Information

Title:
The Army and Navy chaplain
Creator:
Chaplains' Association of the Army and Navy of the United States
Place of Publication:
Washington, D.C
Publisher:
Chaplains' Association of the Army and Navy of the United States
Publication Date:
Frequency:
Four no. a year
quarterly
regular
Language:
English
Edition:
Vol.16, Oct.-Nov., 1945, no.2
Physical Description:
v. : ill., ports. ; 27-30 cm.

Subjects

Subjects / Keywords:
Military chaplains -- United States ( lcsh )
Armed Forces -- Chaplains ( fast )
Military chaplains ( fast )
United States ( fast )
Genre:
periodical ( marc )
serial ( sobekcm )
periodical ( marcgt )

Notes

Dates or Sequential Designation:
Vol. 11, no. 1 (July-Aug. 1940)-v. 18, no. 4 (Apr.-May 1948).
Issuing Body:
Official publication of the Chaplains' Association of the Army and Navy of the United States.
General Note:
Title from cover.

Record Information

Source Institution:
University of Florida
Rights Management:
Copyright, Army and Navy Chaplain. Permission granted to University of Florida to digitize and display this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
Resource Identifier:
07565770 ( OCLC )
34013778 ( LCCN )
ocm07565770
Classification:
UH23 .A15 ( lcc )

Related Items

Preceded by:
Army chaplain
Succeeded by:
Military chaplain

UFDC Membership

Aggregations:
University of Florida
Digital Military Collection

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Full Text
*HAPLAIN
1A




THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE
CHAPLAINS ASSOCIATION OF THE ARMY AND NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES 1751 N Street, N.W.,
Washington 6, D. C.
CONTENTS
MINES INTO FLOWERPOTS ....................................................... 1
A "THANK YOU" TO CHAPLAIN YLVISAKER ....................................... 2
WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE OF THE CHAPLAIN CORPS? ................................ 3
THE CHAPLAIN BENEFITS, TOO! ...................................................... 5
ATTENTION- ALL CHAPLAINS .............. ......................................... 7
HUNDREDS OF ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS RECEIVE DECORATIONS ................ 8
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO THE CASUALTY LIST .............................. 10
CHAPLAINS MILLER AND WORKMAN WIN HIGH RECOGNITION ....................... 11
CHAPLAINCY IN THE GERMAN ARMY ................................................ 12
SOME STATISTICS ABOUT CHAPLAINS ............ ................................... 13
AMERICAN ARMY CHAPLAINCY ....................................................... 14
WHAT THE CHURCH EXPECTS OF RETURNING CHAPLAINS ............................ 18
A CHAPLAIN FACES THE FUTURE .................................................... 19
'ROUND THE WORLD THE CHAPLAINS PREACHED THE WORD .......................... 20
EDITORIALS-THE CALENDAR YEAR MEMBERSHIP .................................. 22
WILL PACIFISM RETURN? ........ ................................... 23
WILL THE RETURNING CHAPLAIN BE DIFFERENT? ..................... 24
KEEP THE USO .................................................... 25
CHRISTMAS ABOARD A U. S. WARSHIP ................................................ 25
A HOBBY SHOP ..................................................................... 27
WHAT'S NEXT FOR ARMY CHAPLAINS? ............... ................................. 29
THE NAVY GOES HOME ........................................................ 30
THE CHAPLAIN AND DEMOBILIZATION ............................................ 31
PLANS FOR THE RETURNING CHAPLAIN ............................................. 32
WHAT WAR SERVICE IS DOING TO MINISTERS IN UNIFORM ......................... 34
T A T DEPARTMENT ........................................................... 36
CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY DECORATIONS ............................ ............... 37
BOOKS BY, ABOUT, AND FOR CHAPLAINS .............................................. 38
TO THE EDITORS ................ ............... ......... 40
VOLUME XVI OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1945 NUMBER
Published quarterly by the Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy of the United States. Issues are dated January-February, April-ma July-August and October-November. Publication, Editorial and Executive Offices, 1751 N Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. Entered as Sees Class Matter at Washington, D. C., additional entry at Richmond, Virginia, under the act of March 3, 1879. Mailed to individuals eligible for me bership in the Chaplains Association under payment of the current membership fee of $2.00 per calendar year. Subscriptions to all others not eligible membership are $2.00 per calendar year. Foreign subscriptions (non-members) are $3.00 per calendar year. THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPL does not carry paid advertisements.




MO a
MINES INTO FLOWERPOTS
Isaiah's well-known description of peace contains the words: shrubbery letters "MD S" is what was once a deadly mine, now ".. and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their shorn of its lethal power and serving. as a flowerpot. If the abovespears into pruning hooks." If Isaiah had lived in Washington, mentioned "ifs" were a reality, surely Isaiah would have added to D. C. in August, 1945, and if he could have produced credentials hisdream of peace: "and turn their mines into flowerpots." to get by the guard at the entrance of the Navy Receiving Station A close-up of the novel flowerpot is used on the cover of this issue in Anacostia, he surely would have been attracted by a strange of The Army and Navy Chaplain. Here is a perfect symbol of the sight at the Mine Disposal School. There behind carefully tended return of peace in our day.




A "Thank You" to Chaplain
Yloisaker
So many are so new to the Chaplains Association
of the Army and Navy of the United States that it is
necessary to invite their attention to names of the
chaplains who hold official positions in the Association. This list is printed on page 22 of this issue. At the head of the list under the title "President" is the
name of Chaplain N. M. Ylvisaker.
S Re-elected to this office at the last annual meeting'
of the Association held in 1940, Chaplain Ylvisaker has given largely and freely of his time and energy to the business of the Association through the critical war years. In his double capacity of President and Director of the Service Commission of the National Lutheran Council, Dr. Ylvisaker (also a Chaplain on inactive duty from the Army Reserve with the rank of Major) has traveled extensively through the United States, promoting a better understanding of the chaplaincy. He has been a popular leader at Chaplains Conferences and Retreats. He has spoken frequently before service clubs, churches, patriotic rallies, and groups of service men and women. He has been an indefatigable worker for everything which would help the chaplain. As a civilian he has been able to take a leading part in promoting national legislation
in behalf of chaplains. Chaplains who may never have
heard his name are debtors to the service he has so
effectively rendered.
We, who know just a part of what Dr. Ylvisaker has
been able to do, join in extending to him a hearty
"Thank You."
2 The Army and Navy Chaplain




What About the Future of the
Chaplain Corps?
sires, either through personal correspondence or interview,
ARMY-NAVY-VETERANS ADMINISTRATION or through the opportunity offered by War Department Circular No. 243, 10 August 1945. That circular tells the
The three Chiefs of Chaplains of the respective Corps of would-be Regular what to do and how to do it.
the Army, Navy, and Veterans Administration spoke be- Your desires will be given as much consideration as the fore the September meeting of the Washington, D. C. chapter of the Army and Navy Chaplains Association on the best interests of the Service will permit. We have won a general theme of the chaplaincy, war. We now have a peace to win.
Believing that the remarks made then are of interest to Continue to consult your supervisory chaplain for the chaplains in the three branches of service and to those latest development in your own particular case. who have returned to civilian life, a summary has been Many men serving overseas should be released. Chapsubmitted by each Chief for this issue of The Army and
submitedabylains who are unable to "take" foreign service should be Navy Chaplain. first considered for discharge that physically able men may be retained. That should cover the priority of discharge
THE ARMY CHAPLAIN IN THE POSTWAR PERIOD for limited servicemen and men overage..
As for the remaining ones who wish further service but
By CHAPLAIN LUTHER N. MILLER do not desire permanent retention, they will be retained as
This has been a fast-moving war-once we got in mo- long as the size of the Army warrants. After -all, that tion. I want to try to give you a picture of the Army figure, if and when decided upon, will determine the size chaplain in the immediate postwar period, although some of the Regular Army and the number of Regular chaplains of what I have written down will be subject to revision by which will be required. Until more is known of our part the time it reaches you. There is much that we do not in the tremendous job of policing half the world, and just know as yet about this postwar period. Some few things what our army of occupation will need-and for how long we do know. -all estimates will be just estimates.
The Army has discontinued the acceptance of chaplains. In the meantime, we are not accepting chaplains and are We are trying to be fair as each individual case comes up discharging only those who can and should be spared, until for separate consideration. We want to be fair to the in- such time as more definite plans can be made. dividual. We must be fair to the War Department. Undue To the chaplains who would stay in for awhile-or hardship, when properly authenticated, is still given first longer-there is promising service with men, and for a choice as a way out. We have released a few chaplains continued freedom from all extracurricular activities which when it has seemed that their services would be more valu- might detract from the job the chaplain is ordained to do. able to the Church elsewhere. This list has included sev- To those who long to leave us and return to familiar eral bishops and a couple of college presidents. So, if you tasks and familiar scenes, we can only say, "God bless you" cannot qualify under undue hardship, just get yourself as you go. Your family, your Church, your community, elected bishop or to a college presidency. It's as simple your Nation look to you to carry on back in the home-side as that. pastorates with that same singleness of purpose, that same
The great bulk of 8,000 Army chaplains will fall within eagerness to serve, be the costs what they may, that has three classes. The first class is composed of men who have led sixty of our colleagues to make the supreme sacrifice found service with the Colors good and would like to and thathasgiven some 800 chaplains approximately 1,200 remain, war-won decorations for "service over and above the call
The second class would be that larger number who do of duty."
not wish to consider the Army as a career, but who would "What do ye more than these?'" Well, records more like to remain for a touch of peacetime soldiering or for perfect and more important than those in the War Dethe travel and experience which an army of occupation on partment archives attest to what you have done--what some far-flung frontier might offer. THEY have done-more than these. Your country asks
The third class just wants to get out-and pronto. The that you carry on. "Take it easy" is not a slogan that saves last class should be considered first. They will admit that. souls. And, you will carry on-you and the 5,000 or more When the good of the Service will permit, they will be in- lads who have signified, during this war, their desires. to cluded among the "outs." That will make them happy and enter the ministry from the services. it will make room for that other group who will stay in There will be plenty of opportunity for all. The semipermanently or at least until we see the end a little more nary will offer you a refresher course, or more advanced clearly than we do today. courses, if you wish to cushion your return to the civilian
By this time, most of you will have recorded your de- pastorate in that profitable manner. Church boards of October-November, 1945 3




every communion are looking for ways to aid you in that Navy and about 60 in the Reserve. At the time of Pea orientation and integration that might well come between Harbor, the Corps had grown to 191, of which 91 w active service with the Colors and active service in the Reserves. From this time, there was rapid growth. community. February, 1942, the school of chaplains was opened
An ever-widening future lies before the returnee chap- Norfolk, Virginia. Large classes of volunteers from lain. His range of opportunities has been unconsciously churches and synagogues and seminaries passed through broadened by his own splendid record of service with the the indoctrination period. The Corps continued to gro forces. The soldier who was hardly on nodding terms with until, when hostilities ceased, there was a total of 2,8 his local pastor in prewar days has learned that he has a chaplains on active duty with the Navy, Marine Corps, an 24-hour-a-day friend in his chaplain. He will settle for Coast Guard. nothing less than a service-pastor back in Homeville when During the conflict 12 lost their lives in enemy actio he returns. seven were killed in accidents, four died from natur
This idea of the pastor on staff level with the great and causes and one is still missing. A total of 113 had bee near-great of his little world in khaki, appealed to G.I. Joe. separated from the service between January, 1942 an The chaplain had the contacts, knew the answers, or where August, 1945. to find them, and was eager to serve. The soldier liked During the First World War, the maximum strength < that, even if his chaplain did wear his collar a little dif- the Corps was 203. The record of service by chaplains ferently than he was accustomed to seeing it worn. the past had been a glorious one and the recognition giv
The chaplaincy was never more appreciated by soldier their work in the war just concluded has elevated the pla and civilian alike than it is today. Our recently celebrated of the chaplain in the Navy to a higher plane than ev 170th Anniversary gave us a most heartwarming display before. The self-sacrificing devotion, the consecration t of praise and publicity. And so, the returnee chaplain God and country exhibited by chaplains during Wor will be welcomed by G.I. Joe andG.I. Jane on the campus War II has increased the stature of every chaplain in u and in industry, as well as in the community pulpit that form. Prospects for effective service to our peaceti sent him forth. Navy are exceedingly bright. The job to be done is mo We have been teaching men in uniform that they do not challenging than ever before . I would not attempts march alone. As we return pastors to the churches which deceive you by saying that peacetime chaplains will ha loaned them, we know that they will carry on in that same a snap! Quite the opposite holds. Chaplains now fa spirit. They will continue to assure the G.I. Joes back home their toughest jobs . demobilization . inactivi that "They do not march alone. . morale at low ebb . these are the jobs which r main. Effective service calls for even greater consecration
FOR NAVY CHAPLAINS CONTINUES than we have shown during the weary months of battle. NED FOR NAVYCHAPLAINS CONTINUES
What of the future size of the Corps ?
By CHAPLAIN W. N. THOMAs The need will, naturally, depend on the future streng (Condensed from a talk given by Rear Admiral W. N. Thomas. ofthe Navy. If the Secretary's figures of 500,000 enlist ChC., USN, at a meeting of Chaplains of The Washington, D. C. Navy men, 100,000 Marines, and 52,000 officers are A r e a S e t m e . ..9 4 1 ,
Area, September 14, 1945.) cepted, we will need 300 or more additional chaplain
The people of the world are now at another crossroad Since Pearl Harbor, 100 Reserves have transferred to t of history. Peace has come once more and we face a task Regular Navy. The anticipated need for 300 will : of reconstruction, the magnitude of which has never be- above and beyond this number, or a total of some 500 fore been witnessed. The war just concluded has been the all. world's most costly-in material, natural, physical and Chaplains who can qualify are asked to consider th spiritual resources. Millions of people face the task of need and the opportunities offered by service in t complete readjustment to the new life that faces them. Regular Navy.
As the process of demobilization of our armed forces All procurement has stopped and the future Chaplai gathers momentum, chaplains, too, face the problem of Corps for the present will be made up of those who tra where they will go-what they will do. Many will be fer from the Reserves. anxious to return to the parishes and churches which they Legislation is in prospect which will change the prese left when they entered the service, others face the future maximum age from 34 to 39 years. The mechanics f with uncertainty, still others will Weigh the opportunities transfers and for the future security of chaplains are bei offered to them by continuing to serve as chaplains to the worked out. men who will make up our permanent Naval Establish- More important to you, however, are the great oppo ment. tunities of the chaplaincy in peacetime. Not only w It is to that latter group of chaplains, Reservists who chaplains be given more to work with, greater cooperation can meet the qualifications for service in the Regular Navy, and wider fields for service than ever before in history, bu that I would point out ,some of the considerations which there will be the usual rewards of serving these-o may be of interest. We can do this best by taking a brief finest young people. So many chaplains during the w glance at the past, by taking inventory of the present, and have mentioned the field being "white unto the harvest. by anticipating, as far as we can, the needs and prospects The field is still there! The Navy offers a unique paris for the future. -found only on shipboard. These are your "parishio On July 1, 1939, there were 91 chaplains in the Regular ers," your shipmates-I doubt that anyone can put in
4 The Army and Navy Chap




words the joy and deep satisfaction that comes to a chap- ligious faiths min the existing hospitals. Plans have also been lain who sees the realization of his ministry afloat bear discussed and methods worked out relative to the procurefruit in the lives of his "shipmates." In peacetime, too, you ment of Ecclesiastical appointments now being used in learn to know your men . you become acquainted with Army chapels. The Veterans Administration has been astheir families, you are invited into their homes. Their sured of every possible consideration in this regard. joys and sorrows, their thrills and disappointments, all be- A census now being taken, a little better than eighty/per come real and stimulating. The Naval Chaplaincy offers cent complete, reveals 64 per cent Protestant, 31 per cent a great challenge to the young clergyman eager to serve Roman Catholic, 3 per cent Jewish, 2 per cent no denomiwhere there is genuine need for his services. The Naval nation or church interest. Chaplaincy offers genuine opportunities for a fruitful The interest expressed in the Chaplaincy Service has career of service to God and country. been much greater than anticipated. Many more applicaY I THE VETER S tions have been received than there are existing vacancies. ITHE CHAPLAINCY IN TH EEANS
TEHPINCY.. NBecause of this fact, the Veterans Administration will not ADMINISTRATION be able to utilize the services of many obviously wellBy CHAPLAIN CRAWFORD W. BROWN qualified chaplains. It should be stressed here that a great
The Chaplaincy Service of the Veterans Administration many of these chaplains have had a rich and varied excame into being on June 15 of this year. The following is perience at home and overseas. Many have acquitted thema brief summary of what has taken place in a short three selves with honor and distinction. However, the fact re months. It is believed that the many readers of this maga- mains that all applicants will not find placement. zine will be interested. The writer would be greatly at faultif he did not take
At the beginning, it was.necessary that much time be this opportunity of expressing his deep appreciation for Spent in organizing this Service. Methods and procedures the splendid cooperation received and interest manifested had to be adopted. Minimum requirements had to be es- by the Chief Chaplain of the Army, the Chief Chaplain of tablished. Contact had to be made with the several En- the Navy, the Geheral Commission of Army and Navy dorsing Commissions of the churches. The classification of Chaplains, the Military Ordinariate, the Jewish Welfare chaplains appointed for duty had to be determined. Sev- Board and all other Endorsing Agencies. It has been treeral conferences were held with the chief of the Construc- mendously heartening and encouraging to one charged tion Service of the Veterans Administration relative to the with the responsibility of the Service to have received such planning of chapels which would adequately serve all re- wholehearted support.
The Chaplain Benef its, Too!
By CHAPLAIN A. J. UNGERSMA, USNR
manity inescapably is broadened. Few civilian parishes dfA Navy chaplain, who has seen action in the fer the complete cross section of male America that is to be
the waters off Okinawa, tells something of the found on the average ship of the Navy or regiment in the benefits he has received from the service. Chap- Army. The chaplain works with men, plays with them, ad lain Ungersma speaks for many of his colleagues vises, consoles and preaches to men who represent every in the chaplaincy who know that they will re- walk of life. Men who are the holders of several university Turn to their former duties bigger men with degrees, and men whom the Navy schools rescued from
Keener spiritUal understoadng than ever before. .;. eg .. ,..
keener spiritual understanding than ever before illiteracy are to be found in close proximity in the orbit of
the chaplain's daily work. Thus the inevitable experience
for many chaplains has been the discovery of people as they
M UCH has been written and said about the fine work really are, stripped of the masks, artificialities and affectaaccomplished by the chaplains for men in the armed tions which are so common in our daily life and dealings services. It is perhaps time to point out that the chaplain with each other. also has benefited in many ways from his wartime activi- At home it is often possible for the minister to lead a ties. By this is not meant that he has acquired a store of sheltered existence which begins almost as soon as he anfascinating anecdotes with which to enliven his sermons for nounces his call or his decision to enter the Church. He is the next two decades. However valuable such a store may doted on, treated with exaggerated respect and adulation be, it is not nearly so important as the less tangible items by good people who only have the best of intentions. Such affecting the chaplain, whether he served on a mighty misguided attention, if accepted at face value by the battleship, on an isolated spot of sand in the Pacific, or in genial candidate, can endanger the modesty of the most a hospital or base far from enemy territory. stalwart man of God. When finally graduated and settled However wide the experience of a clergyman may have in a parish, he does not have to make his way as does a new been, when he becomes a chaplain his contact with hu- doctor or lawyer, but immediately is received socially as an October-November, 1945 5




important member of the community. People habitually a short, but complete sermon is more effective than treat him as a slightly different type of person, not a saint flowery but unfinished dissertation. Christian humility exactly, not a sinner (of course!) but, he is-The Minister. furthered as one learns that the composition of a really wi Then through long years of custom, good people are prone ning and helpful ten- to twelve-minute sermon is far mo to exhibit only a certain, shall we say genteel? side to the difficult than that of a diffusion lasting half an hour pastor. Even in their confessions they try to spare him the more. Increasingly the chaplain discovers that his ow sordid, raw side of life, so as not to shock the good man. deeds and daily life are scrutinized more carefully th That there are many exceptions to this is readily ad- the points of his sermon. This is because he lives with mitted. Many a man in pursuit of the necessary years of men throughout the week, whereas in civilian life, it is t college and seminary training has turned his hands to a sermon that is dissected during the week. variety of odd jobs. Before brush companies and magazine This daily association also has its advantages for t agencies rescued college boys from the doldrums of unem- chaplain. He discovers that the fiction and cinema portray ployment, they turned to everything from dishwashing to of the typical news reporter, likewise is an accurate ch, firing a boiler. One cannot mix with laboring men, skilled acterization of many of his men. Apparently hard-boili or unskilled, without learning there is a side of life not usu- and worldly-wise, yet they are softhearted. They in tu ally exposed to the minister's gaze. Nevertheless, society often seem to be trying to fit a pattern of toughness f seems determined to wrap the clergyman in a cocoon of which they have no real desire. The chaplain thus fin respectability. His job is to preach the gospel, comfort the again the living truth in the old platitude: ..There is sick, visit the poor, supervise the Sunday School, and keep much good in the worst of us..." The rougher and mo the peace. He must not get too practical in applying the violent the exterior of a man, the surer the chaplain iso Gospel, nor too ambitious for the church. In all sincerity finding a sentimental core, perhaps loneliness and tragedy good people elevate the minister to a pedestal; he is a dermi- as well. But he must have the keys of love, kindliness, a god, apart from real life, and they are chagrined if he re- patience, with which to unlock the personality of such me I fuses to occupy such a position. Some few men fall into easy He shares then their joys and their heartbreaks, he admir error-they accept the pedestal and spend a lifetime posing their pictures of wife and baby. And with them, far t thereon. Fortunately these men are rare; the majority of frequently, he is dismayed and baffled, at the unbelievab clergymen seek ways to circumvent the pedestal and the callousness and selfishness of those loved ones who wri insulation of the cocoon. If this picture be overdrawn for the letters beginning: "I don't know how to begin this purposes of clarity let no brother take offense. His personal and then end with a request for a divorce. experience undoubtedly is an exception. Nevertheless it From the hospital where the chaplain goes to offer ho cannot be denied that there is an easily recognized pattern and comfort, he often comes away lifted up in heart a of conventionality into which a minister is expected to fit. mind. He who went to bring cheer, himself has receiv Into this state of affairs for many men burst the demands fering serves to put whole-bodied complainers to sha of the chaplaincy of the Army and the Navy. To just a few In the brig the chaplain who never saw a jail in civil li of the many volunteers came an early disillusionment and learns deeper meaning in Christ's injunction to visit himi cynicism. Perhaps the disillusionment in some cases was prison. On the fighting ship the chaplain acquires qui due to the fact that the chaplains, overlooking the complex joy and pride in his crew when, he sees how apprehensi nature of their work, expected to find in their assigned boys become men, calm and efficient under enemy fi. unit just another congregation. Although the prime duties After the bombardment at Okinawa when our ship escape of the chaplain are religious, in order to do effective work practically untouched, one of the crew said warmly: he must first win his way as one whom men can respect. 'had a feeling that the Man Up There would see That which is automatic or taken for granted in a civilian through." At this a shipmate laughed: "Just luck, plen congregation must be earned in the armed services! Here of others 'got theirs' that week all right." The reply cam the chaplain is fortunate who discovers that in his epistles "That's true, but it is just as true that we did escape. I' Saint Paul has invaluable advice which is as eminently prac- rather believe in God than in luck." tical as it is spiritual. Whatever of cynicism came to some An admiral's aide seeks out a chaplain in a restaurant men may have been due to the mistake of considering the a foreign city; both are strangers en route to dangero chaplaincy a temporary stopgap instead of a tremendous duty, but that is no obstacle. The chaplain's insigne is opportunity tcbring men back to the Church. That the vast once a high symbol and an invitation to friendship. In tl majority of chaplains have been made better ministers course of a heart-to-heart talk the aide states: "What I ilk seems obvious to those who have seen the high educational about our chaplains is that when I feel myself slipping, I value of some of the rough jolts, as well as the spiritual can go infor a talk, or to worship service and get a new gri value of the choice experiences they have had. on things, on myself, on God!" His testimony and war
One of the many things a chaplain learns is that a com- appreciation of the chaplain's work encourages one wh fortable sermon barrel, presumably adequate for the also knows the meaning of weakness and loneliness. Give average parish, simply does not fit the lives of virile, but such tasks, such material to work with, one chapla lonely, frightened, puzzled men. Such a barrel is best con- plants, another waters, but all can trust to God for the I signed to the deep six as soon as possible. Emergencies and crease. Truly, the chaplain who quietly perseveres receiv battles have a way of interrupting services and consequently many benefits from serving others.
6 The Army and Navy Chaplai




Congratulations, Chaplain Cleary!
Chaplain William R. Arnold (left) congratulates Chaplain William D. Cleary on his promotion to the grade of Brigadier General. In the absence of Chaplain Luther D. Miller, Chief of Chaplains, Chaplain Arnold pinned the shining new star on, the uniform of the Deputy Chief of Chaplains at appropriate ceremonies which were held in the office of the Chief of Chaplains on 27 September 1945. Members of the Chief of Chaplains' staff attended the ceremony. Chaplain Cleary has been Deputy Chief of Chaplains since 10 July 1945. Chaplain Arnold, former Chief of Chaplains, is now titular bishop
of Phocaea near Smyrna in Asia Minor and military delegate of the Military Vicar of the Catholic Church.
Attention All Chaplains
All clergymen, who at any time have served as chaplains in any branch of the armed
forces of the United States are eligible for membership in the Chaplains Association, in
accord with the provisions of the Association's constitution.
Special emphasis is placed upon that fact now for the reason that some chaplains apparently are of the opinion that only chaplains on active duty are eligible for membership.
Quite the contrary is the case. Frankly, the Association is and always has' been particularly interested in enrolling as members such chaplains who are not on active duty.
The Chaplains Association f the Army and Navy of the United States provides the one
logical and reasonable connection between the chaplain who returns to his civilian career,
and the military chaplaincy.
Keep alive your pleasant memories of service in the Army or Navy as a chaplain. Meet
with fellow chaplains at conventions in the postwar period. Advance the interest of the military chaplaincy. Join now with fellow chaplains in an Association dedicated to the
advancement of the chaplaincy.
JOIN THE CHAPLAINS ASSOCIATION NOW. KEEP UP YOUR MEMBERSHIP.
October-November, 1945 7




Hundreds of Army and Navy Chaplain
Receive Decorations
W HILE statistics of decorations granted to the person- Episcopal; Lenaghan, Arthur C., R. Catholic; Lyons, Michael
nel of the other Corps of the Army and Navy are R. Catholic; McBride, James L., Presbyterian USA; McDaniel not available at the time of this writing, yet the very high Kenneth E., P. Episcopal; McSween, Allen C, Presbyterian US Mahoney, John P., R. Catholic; Marken, DeLoss I., Disciples
percentage of chaplains of both branches of the armed Christ. services who were decorated for heroism and/or for meri- Miller, Frank L., Presbyterian USA; Miller, Luther D., Epis. torious services indicates that few if any Corps can boast copal; Millican, Burr, Baptist (South); Moore, Denis G., 1 of such a record. .Catholic; O'Neill, James H., R. Catholic; Pinkard, Calvin M
Chaplains have gone wltl their men to the front and Methodist; Patterson, James F., Lutheran; Propst, Cecil L
Chaplains Lutheran American; Ryan; Patrick J. q, R. Catholic; Shaw, Jams have shared all of the hazards of war on land or sea. R., Disciples of Christ; Sherwood, Gervase G., R. Catholic. Inspired by the high nature of their sacred calling, priests, Smith, Stanley E., Baptist North; Tiemrnan, L. Curtis, R. Cath ministers, and rabbis, have gone beyond the ordinary calls olic; Uphoff, Robert A., Methodist; Wareing, Joel M., Methodist of duty to bring comfort, spiritual sustenance, and material Warmouth, Donald L., Methodist; Wood, John J., R. Catholic help to the wounded and dying and to others in need. Due WurmIsUrban ., R. Cathlic; Yamada, Masao, Congregation to the fortuitous circumstances under which the bravery Steves, Charles B., R. Catholic. of some men is seen and noted while the equal devotion
of others to duty under similar dangerous conditions goes Silver Star unrecorded, the list of those who have been decorated does Alspaugh, Robert E., Methodist; Anderson, Isaac M., Salvation not tell the full story. Army; Ames, Kenneth L., Baptist (North); Andrews, Fred E
The time has come when more publicity should be given Disciples of Christ; Andrysick, Timothy M., R. Catholic; Arnold
e p. e t v Frank M., Baptist (North); Baker, Peter J., R. Catholic; Barnhil to these chaplas who have received the various medals, Frederick A., Congregational; Barry, Joseph D., R. Catholiq letters of commendation, and other awards granted by a Boice, William S., Disciples of Christ. grateful Government in recognition of unusual services. Bojcun, Arthur J., R. Catholic; Boyle, Cosmas J., R. Catholi ~The lists as furnished by the Chiefs of Chaplains of the Brady, Thomas T., R. Catholic; Buchanan, John J., R. Catholi Army and of the Navy follow: Burke, Edmund F., R. Catholic; Burkhalter, John G., Bapti
y ad o (South); Burr, Dudley H., Congregational; Busse, Julius S R. Catholic; **Carberry, Richard E., R. Catholic; Cartee, Cliffor
List of Army Awards C., Baptist (South).
Cochran, Robert L., Salvation Army; Connelly, Edward, R
Distinguished Service Cross Catholic; Connors, Edward T., R. Catholic; Cousins, Lawrence E.
Distngushe Disciples of Christ; Cowherd, Charles P., Baptist (South); Cran
Brown, Ralph W. D., Methodist; Curran, John L., R. Catholic; Emmet P., R. Catholic; Curtis, Theodore E., Jr., Latter D Daniel, Eugene L., Presbyterian US; Doyle, Neil J., R. Catholic; Saints; Dahlen, Johan B., Lutheran, Free Church; Daniel, Eugen Fox, George L., Methodist (Posthumous); Goode, Alexander D., L., Presbyterian US; Day, Richard W., Episcopal; **Deery Jewish (Posthumous); Harrison, Edward H.,. P. Episcopal; Lawrence E., R. Catholic. Heindl, Elmer W., R. Catholic; Henderson, Benedict A., R. DeLaura, Anthony F., R. Catholic; Desmond, Gerald D., Catholic; Hoffman, Albert J., R. Catholic. Catholic; DeWeerd, James A., Methodist; Donahue, Edward T.
Lacy, Joseph R., R. Catholic; LaFleur, Joseph V., R. Catholic; Baptist (North); Ellenberg, Julian S., Episcopal USA; Elmen Maloney, John S., R. Catholic; McGee, Tildon S., Baptist South; Paul H., Congregational; Ernst, John E., R. Catholic; Esser, Jos Poling, Clark V., Reformed Christian (Posthumous); Sampson, eph G., R. Catholic; Farmer, George C., Disciples of Chrisi Francis L., R. Catholic; Washington, John P., R. Catholic (Post- Farrell, Mark A., R. Catholic; Fenton, Bernard J., R. Catholic. humous). Ferguson, Warren E., Baptist (South) ; Fish, James T., P. Epi copal; Flaherty, James L., R. Catholic; Flynn, Fabian P., R. Catl
Distinguished Service Medal olic; Francis, Charles A., Baptist (South); Frith, Clifford F
Arnold, William R., R. Catholic. Baptist (South); Gearhard, August F., R. Catholic; Gebaue Paul, Baptist (South); Gorsline, Leon N., Baptist (South)
Legion of Merit **Halvorsen, Arlin M., Baptist (Independent); Ham, David C Baptist (South).
Andrysick, Timothy M., R. Catholic; Andruskevitch, C. W., Harding, Russell E., Episcopal; Healy, Jerome J., R. Catholic R. Catholic; Brock, Laurence M., R. Catholic; Brown, Jorden E., Heckmann, Carl A., Lutheran (Mo. Synod); Heindl, Elmer W.
:' ,, .. :. ,:., ,;, :.a, i" > -' Heckmann, C.arl A., L:utheran (Mvo., Synod) ; Hemind, Elmer .
R. Catholic; Cahill, Cornelius F., R. Catholic; *Carpenter, Charles R. Catholic; Helsel, Frank E., Lutheran (United); Henley I., Methodist; Carroll, Emmitt T., Disciples of Christ; Chadwick, Odus T., Baptist (South); Hoehn, Martin C., R. Catholic; Hoff Clifford, Episcopal; Chase, Richard H., Christian Scientist; Cha- mann, Albert J., R. Catholic; Hogg, William K., Methodist .mann, AbertJ., R. Cathoc; H-ogg, william K., M.Cethodis
etagnon, Marius S., R. Catholic. Jenkins, Thomas A., Presbyterian USA; Johnson, Allen L.
Dickinson, William H., Methodist; Deibert, Ralph C., Evan- Methodist (Colored).
gelical; Dubra, Charles H., Methodist; Dzuro, John M., Presby- Jones, James L., Methodist (Colored); Kane, Stephen W.,
.... .. s,/erd .. ... .... ones, James L., Methodist (Colored) ; Kane, Stephen W., .
terian, USA; Evans, Ferdinand A., R. Catholic; Grimes, Lewis H., Catholic; Keating, Denis M., R. Catholic; Kelly, John A., R. Cath Methodist; Gupton, Bennett L., Baptist S.; Haley, John F., R. olic; Kenney, James G., R. Catholic; Kilbert, John R. Baptis Catholic; Higgmins, George A., R. Catholic; Hunt, Isaiah H.. (North) ; Kimball, Clyde E., Methodist; Kirtley, Edwin L1 A. Methodist E.
Joyce, Johnie L., Methodist; Keefe, Anselm M., R. Catholic; *Oak Leaf Cluster.
Kirker, Frederick, Presbyterian USA; Leel, Charles W., W.C. P. **Oak Leaf Cluster to Silver Star.
.8 The Army and Navy Chaplain
- V ... ..




Disciples of Christ; Koszarek, Thaddeus J., R. Catholic; Kozi- Silver Star Medal kowski, Paulfl., R. Catholic; Kusman, Stanley J., R. Catholic.
Lang, Joseph M., R. Catholic; Lehne, Christian A. Lutheran. Lt. Robert James Cronin, ChC, USNR, R.C., for services with can J euchiner, Bruno R Caolic; Lorenz rvil., a Marine Raiders at Puruata Island, British Solomon Islands No(American); Leuchinger, Bruno, R. Catholic; Lorenz, Orville A., United Brethren; Lynch, Kenny E., R. Catholic; McClelland, member, 1943. George D., Baptist (North); McKnight, Thomas E., Methodist; Lt. Francis J. Keenan, ChC, USNR, R.C., for gallantry exMadden, Alan P., R. Catholic; Maness, Ralph E., Baptist (South) hibited while in the Sicilian Invasion, July, 1943. Martin, Kenneth C., R. Catholic; Meany, Stephen J., R. Catholic. Lt. George M. Kempker, ChC, USNR, R.C., for services with
Mills, Arthur E., Advent Christian; Monaghan, Owen T. Marines at Bougainville, November, 1943.
SCatholic; Murphy, Donald J., R. Catholic; Naylor, Duncan Lt. Francis J. McManus, ChC, USN, R.C., for services aboard R. the UaSnoS, Canolr Ju DReeberi 41 Marie" Hro Baa N., Presbyterian US;O'Brien, William J., R. Catholic; O'Connor, the USS Canopus December, 1941, Mariveles Harbor, Bataan, William V., R. Catholic; O'Toole, Myles F., R. Catholic; Paradis, P.. Robert M., R. Catholic; Parks, Louis B., Baptist (South); Potter Lt Glyn Jones, ChC, USNR, Baptist, for services with Marines
...., Sants. at Bougainvile, Bs.S.I., November 1, 1943.;
Aidan R., R. Catholic; Probst, Reed G., Latter Day Saints. at Bougainville, B.S.I., November 1, 1943.
Quinan, Augustine J., R. Catholic; Quinn, Gerald A., R. Catho- Lt. William H. cCorkle, ChC, USNR, Presby. U.S., for serv lic; Raines, Raymond L., Salvation Army; Raley, LeRoy W., ices with Marines at Bougainville, B.S.I., November 1, 1943. Baptist South; Raley, Perry T., Baptist (South); Ray, Earl E., Lt. Edmond C. Walsh, ChC, USNR, R.C., for gallantry and Baptist (North); Reed, Charles D., Methodist; Reese, Clarence intrepidity while serving aboard the USS Suwanee, while operate H., Episcopal; Reynolds, Frank E., Evangelical and Reformed; ing off the coast of Leyte Island, Philippine Islands, against near
**Rogers, Edward K., United Lutheran; Rogness, Burnis M., by Japanese surface task forces on 25 and 26 October 1944.
**]Rogers, Edward K., United Lutheran ; Rogness, Burnis M., Lutheran. Lt. Grimes WIV. Gatlin, ChC., USNR, Methodist, for gallant
**Rooney, John E., R. Catholic; **Scannell, John W. R. and intrepidity in action while serving aboard the USS Franklin
*RoneyJohnE., **Sannel, Jhn W, R.on 19 March 1945.dth~
Catholic; Schilling, Charles F., Episcopal; Schweissing, Frank on 19 March 1945. E. L., Baptist North; Sharp, Joseph C., Methodist S.; **Sidoti v andMarine Cor Anthony R., R. Catholic; Steffens, Albert C. M., R. Catholic; y ps ea Steinmeier, William R., Presbyterian USA; **Stohler, Edgar H., Lt. (jg) Aloysius Herman Schmitt, ChC, USN, R.C. PostSalvation Army; Sweeney, James P., R. Catholic; Taggart, humously awarded. Died during action at Pearl Harbor, DecemGerard W., R. Catholic. ber 7, 1941.
Taggart, William C., Baptist (South); Tange, Irving N., Lt. (jg) Herbert E. Van Meter, ChC, USNR, Congregational, Lutheran (United) ; Teilmann, Gunnar J., Jr., Methodist; Ternan, for rescuing companion near mouth of a river near New Rive, Dominic, R. Catholic; Tietjen, Ottomar H., Lutheran M.; Turner, North Carolina, July 20, 1943. Guy H., Baptist; Tye, John B., R. Catholic; Utter, Marvin E., Lt. James Woodrow Kelly, ChC, USNR, Baptist, for courageBaptist (North); VanDeusen, Dayton G., Lutheran; Wall, Henry, ous service aboard a warship during explosion and fire. February, Baptist; Wick, Gideon E., Lutheran (United). 1944.
Yohe, Clair F., Methodist. Lt. Bernard R. Boylan, ChC, USNR, R.C., for distinguishing S e Mhimself by extraordinary heroism not involving conflict with an Soldier's Medal armed enemy in removing casualties from a burning vessel in
Adler, Bartholomew A., R. Catholic; Albert, John E., R. Catho- Finschhafen harbor on August 23, 1944.
lic; Barringer, John D., Lutheran, United; Bell, Hoke S., Meth- t. Karl E. Zetterholm, ChC, USNR, Lutheran, for saving the
odist; Bennett, Horace R., Methodist; Boutwell, Alfred K., Bap life of a patient he was escorting to the Naval Hospital at Jacko d s ; B n n e t t H o r a c e R M e t h o d i s t ; B o u t w e l l A l r d K B p s n i e F o d a F b u r y 4 1 9 .
tist (North); Brennan, Patrick T., Catholic; Buckley, Albert J., sonville, Florida. February 4, 1944. R. Catholic; Culpepper, Charles R., Methodist; Duggan, John P., R. Catholic; Johnson, James W., Baptist (North); McEvoy, Bronze Star Medal
-James E., R. Catholic; Morford, Elbert S., Methodist; Mroczka, Commander James F. Cunningham, ChC, USNR, R.C., for John A., R. Catholic; Mullen, William P., R. Catholic; O'Con- meritorious achievement and gallantry and intrepidity in action nell, Joseph P., R. Catholic; Steffens, Albert C. M., R. Catholic; while serving aboard a battleship in June, 1944. Williams, Alfred A., R. Catholic; Zink, William J., R. Catholic. Lt. William H. McCorkle, ChC, USNR, Presby, U. S., for heroic achievement in action against the enemy on Guam, MariNianas Islands, from 21 July to 10 August 1944. Navy Chaplains Decorated Captain Robert J. White, ChC, USNR, R.C., for meritorious
- achievement while serving as Fleet Chaplain of the Eighth Fleet in Worl War during a period of almost continuous offensive operations against' i f Merit the enemy of the Central Mediterranean from 9 Nov. 1943 to Legion of Merit 25 Dec. 1944.
Lt. Frederic P. Gehring, ChC, USNR, R.C., for services with Lt. Cdr. Paul J. Redmond, ChC, USNR, R.C., for heroic the Marines at Guadalcanal from September 25, 1942. achievement in action against the enemy on Guam, Marianas th Marines at Guadalcanal from September 25, 1942. .. . g. Y ...,
Lt. Francis W. Kelly, ChC, USNR, R.C., for services with the Islands, from 21 July to 10 August 1944.
Marines at Tarawa, November, 1943. Lt. John H. Craven, ChC, USN, S. Baptist, for heroic and
Lt. John V. Loughlin, ChC, USNR, R.C., for services with meritorious achievement during the occupation of Saipan, MariEighth Marines at Tarawa, November, 1943. anas Islands.
Lt. Paul J. Redmond, ChC, USNR, R.C., for services on New Lt. Emmett T. Michaels, ChC, USNR, R.C., for heroic achieveGeorgia, July, 1943. ment while serving with an infantry battalion in action against
Lt. W. W. Willard, ChC, USNR, Baptist, for services with the the enemy on Saipan, Marianas Islands, from 15 June to 8 July Second Marines at Tarawa, November, 1943. 1944.
Lt. William W. Lumpkin, ChC, USNR, Episcopal, for services Captain Maurice M. Witherspoon, ChC, USN, Presby. USA, as Division Chaplain, Second Marine Division, October 3, 1942 for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of out to March 7, 1944. standing services while serving as Welfare and Recreation Officer
Rear Admiral Robert D. Workman, ChC, USN, Presbyterian on the staff of Commander Alaskan Sector from July 1942 to USA, for services as Director of Chaplains' Division, Bureau of August 1943. Naval Personnel, from June, 1937 to July, 1945. Lt. Cdr. Merritt F. Williams, ChC, USNR, Protestant Episcopal, for meritorious service while serving as Chaplain on the
**Oak Leaf Cluster to Silver Star. USS Wasp during the Solomons Campaign, September 15, 1942.
October-November, 1945 9




Lt. hales E. Brubaker, ChC, USNR, Presbyterian (USA), for .
meritorious service while serving with a Marine infantry regi- Corrections and Additions ment on the Islands of Sai an and Tinian, Marianas Islands, from 15 June to 3 August 1944. to the Casualty L5st
Comdr. Abbot Peterson, Jr., ChC, USNR, Unitarian, for heroic to the Cas alty List achievement in connection with operations against the enemy while serving aboard the USS Birmingham on 24 October 1944. HE July-August issue, 1945, of THE ARMY AND NA
Lt. Gordon A. Michels, ChC, USN'R, R.C., for outstanding per- CHAPLAIN carried a list of the Army and Navy chap formance of duties with the Marine Corps during the battle for lain casualties in the recent war. The lists printed wer Saipan from 15 June to 4July 1944. from the respective offices of Chief of Chaplains of te
Lt. William C. Neill, ChC, USNR, Presby. US., for heroic A and of the Navy as of July 1945. Subsequent achievement in action against the enemy while attached to a a rmya the Nv a l Sub.se n tv Marie artillery regiment on 15 June 1944, on Saipan Marianas that date the following corrections and additions ha Islands. been received from the offices of the two Chiefs of ChapLt. Roderick L. Hurley, ChC, USNR, R.C., for heroic achieve- lains: ment in connection with operations against the enemy on 19 February 1945 as a chaplain attached to a Marine combat team Additional Navy Casualties or Corrections on Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands. N Cr
Comdr. Harry C. Wod, ChC, USN, Presbyterian, USA, for Navy Corrections:
outstanding performance of duty during the battle for Iwo Jima, Earl M. Criger, listed as missing in action, should be--Died Volcano Islands, from February 19 to March 16, 1945. while on duty, from natural causes, 18 March 1942.
Lt. Morton M. Berman, ChC, USNR, Jewish, for meritorious James Edward Davis, listed as being detained by the Japanese achievement during the Okinawa campaign, as Asst. Div. Chap- was released from the prison camp on 24 September 1945. lain, 6th Marines, from April 1 to June 21, 1945.
Killed in Action:
In addition to the awards above-mentioned other deco- *Francis M. McManus, Roman Catholic, 22 January 1945, Japa rations and letters of commendation have been awarded nese prison ship. Army and Navy chaplains. If the stories of self-sacrifice *Herbert R. Trump, Lutheran, 15 December 1944, Japanese and heroism which lie back of these awards could only be prison ship. written and published they would make a fascinating *David L. Quinn, Episcopalian, 15 December 1944, Japanes book. Here is a story that some day should be written. prison ship.
Thomas M. Conway, Roman Catholic, 31 July 1945, USS India napolis.
"Preachers Back Home Just Like the Chaplains" Additional Names and Corrections from Army B I ; J~t.L~ethe apamsAdditio'nal Names adCorrections from Army
Many a serviceman has come to know and to respect the Killed in Action:
chaplain. At first there may have been a feeling of dis- a A 1, Gm .
.. Bacigalupo, Andrew, 14 August 1945, Germany. trust and perhaps of suspicion, especially on the part. Loren L., 26 March 1945, Germany.
: :, ,.:, ,, .:/ S ::.* .. tanton, Loren L, 26 March 1945, Germany. those men who had little or nothing to do with clergymen in civilian life. It has been hard for some servicemen to Deaths, Non-Battle: realize that the vast majority of the chaplains are the Reese, Clarence H., 20 August 1945, Reno, Nevada. priests, ministers, and rabbis out of their own home Butterbach, Herbert F., 16 August 1945, Drew Field, Florida communities. Clare, Thomas H., 26 May 1945, Between China and India.
The following splendid illustration of this attitude is Plueger, John H., 7 September 1945, France. taken with the permission of the publishers, AbingdonCokesbury Press, from Maxwell Droke's book, Good-by Were Detained by the Japanese: to G.I. ** Baumann, Herman C.; **Braun, Albert W.; *Brown, Ralph
'I do wish, sir," said a tall Texan, injured in one of the W D.; *Carberry, Richard E.; *Cleveland, Arthur V.; *CumIdowhsir, sad tall n i e of te mings, William W.; *Dawson, William; *Hausmann, Carl W.; early Pacific battles, "that we had preachers like you back Howden, Frederick B.; *McDonnell, John J.; **Reilly, Stanley J.; home where they're sending me. I reckon I'll need a heap *Stober, Henry B.; *Vanderheiden, Joseph G.; **Wilsdon, John o' your brand o' talk to get me set off on the right trail A.; *Zerfas, Mathias E. again"/
again.Detained by the Japanese:
"Why, Beeson," said techaplain, smiling broadly, Dyou etained by the Ja e:
thyn t heor caboin They in h y Curran, John L.; Donald, Samuel E.; Duffy, John E.; Taylor,
haven't a thing to worry about. They do have preachers Robert P.; Zimmerman, Leslie F. back home just like the chaplains you have known here in the service. You will find them as sympathetic and under- Revised Statistics of Chaplain Casualties, 1 October 1945 standing, as ready to help with your personal problems as Killed in Deaths Prisoners of Missing in any minister in uniform. Remember that most of us in the Action (Non-Battle) Japanese Wounded Action ToTAL Chaplain Corps came from civilian pulpits. And we hope Navy 12 11 30 1 54 someday to go back to them. Yes, I had a charge of my Army 81 6 5 226 2 377 own once. Matter of fact, I used to, preach in your own 74 3 256 3 431 state, Beeson-at Wichita Falls."
The injured soldier turned to the chaplain with a look *Name listed in July-August issue of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN
o incedlity. H r if as being detained by the Japanese. Army Chaplains not listed as returned to
of fond credulity. His response ~was characteristic, f Military Control are considered dead. irreverently emphatic. "The hell you say," he murmured. **Returned to Military Control.
10 The Army and Navy Chaplain




Chaplains Miller and Workman Win
High Recognition
Legion of Merit awarded Luther D. Miller, Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army, and Robert D. Workman, former Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy.
A WELL-DESERVED recognition of unusually meri- history of mankind, Rear Admiral Workman brought to this torious services rendered to their country during the vitally important duty profound faith and an intimate under standing of the needs of our fighting men. 'Since 1941, he haL recent war has come to Chaplain Luther D. Miller, Chief i h e o. S :
SL supervised procurement, training and.assignment of more than of the Chaplain Corps of the Army, and to Chaplain 2,500 chaplains; he has directed the establishment of a Navy lobert D. Workman, who served as Chief of Naval Chap- Training School for Chaplains, handling the phase of appointlains for eight years. Chaplain Miller's citation reads as ments with the skill and knowledge born of thirty years of experifollows: ence in the Naval Service. A man of great tolerance and tact, flskeeping close contact with church bodies which furnished clergy
LEGION OF MERIT men, candidates for the chaplaincy and co6rdinating superbly wit A.P.O. 501 civilian religious groups from all denominations, Rar Admial 20 May 1945 Workman developed the splendid cooperative and charitable rela Byir P t t. tions existing between the chaiplains of all faiths 'which have
By direction of the President . the Legion of Merit s enabled them to minister to the spiritual, itepal ad physi
awarded by the Commanding General, United States Army Forces neds of officers and men afloat and ashore. The 'asirane in the Far East, to . thus afforded the families as to the welfare of theme in foxholes in the air and aboard our ships, has exerted a powerful influence in sustaining the morale necessary to carry this war to a successful Chaplain (Colonel) LUTHER D. MILLER (011793), Chap- conclusion and reflects the highest credit upon Rear Admiral lains Corps, United States Army. For exceptionally meritorious Workman's spiritual integrity, his inspiring leadeship and his conduct in the performance of outstanding services in the South- ability to imbue in others ~his own example of valiat devotin west Pacific Area from 1 May 1943 to 23 March 1945. As Sixth to duty." F Army Chaplain during operations' in the Southwest Pacific, Chap- For the President, lain Miller supervised religious activities with noteworthy effec- /s/ JAMES FORRESTAL tiveness. Although troops were dispersed over widely separated Secretary of the Navy areas, he succeeded in providing religious services and spiritual guidance for the entire command. He worked tirelessly to assure M a continuous flow of chaplains' supplies to forward areas, and by frequent personal visits to the numerous Army fronts, helped solve The Source of Real Strength innumerable religious problems. He offered encouragement, in- By CHAPLAIN JAMES H. O'NEILL spiration and ever-increasing aid to all units of the Army. By his outstanding initiative and broad understanding, Chaplain Miller The Kingdom of God is built in the quiet recesses Of contributed outstandingly to the maintenance of high morale the individual soul. It is "within you" and hidden in the among the fighting men in New Guinea and the Philippines. depths of the soul. "Your life is hid with Christ In
* * God." (Col. 3:3.) The principle of its powers is entirely internal. It is in the depths of the heart that the true BY COMMAND OF GENERAL MAcARTHUR: strength of the Christian life lies. It is there that God RICHARD J. MARSHALL, dwells, is adored, and served by faith, recollection, humilMajor General, General Staff Corps, it obedience, simplicity, labour, and love. The outward Chief of Staff.
Chif of S activity of the chaplain has no stability nor supernatural
Chaplain Workman officially received notice of his fruitfulness save in so far as it is linked to this- interior ward at a reception and dinner held in his honor at the life of faith and love. Hotel Delmonico in New York City on Tuesday, 18 Sep- We, as chaplains, shall truly only bear fruit outwardly tember 1945, sponsored by the Navy chaplains of the Third according to the measure of the spiritual strength of our Naval District. Chaplain Workman's citation reads: inner life. The strength of our armed forces has been i
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting its spirit. It is our job to keep that spirit alive in our men the LEGION OF MERIT to in the critical days that lie ahead. The means to impart RR WRM ( -L that spirit, made available by our Divine Head are ade REAR ADMIRAL ROBERT DUBOIS WORKMAN (CHAP- d thhall des LAINS CORPS) UNITED STATES NAVY quate. Let us be thoroughly convinced that we shall
}'om ore work for the good of the Church, the salvation of f o e v c s s t f r h i t e f o llo w in g I I ; . . .
rCITATION: souls, the glory of our Heavenly Father, by seeking first of CTTO :all to remain united to God by a life of love and faith of "For exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of which He is alon e the object, rather than by a devouring outstanding services to the Government of the United States, as and feverish activity which leavesus without leisure to find Director of the Chaplains Division and as Chief of Chaplains, God again in solitude, recollection, prayer, and meditation. from June 1937, to July 1945. Directing the activities of all G nprayer, an mdlt chaplains serving with th Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard Beware lest excessive activity stifle the spirit which we prior to and during the most devastating and cruel war in the must share with others.
October-November, 1945




Chaplaincy in the German Army
By CHAPLAIN MICHAEL P. HINNEBUSCH
location was his responsibility. The publication of servere is a timely authoritative article on the status of ices depended upon the good will of the master sergeant the ispatimey athorav Arti on the u o Due to the lack of sufficient chaplains, it was possible .the chaplaincy in the German Army during the recent for them to visit individual organizations on an average war. Chaplain Hinnebusch has gathered his ma- ... l
war. ..... Cof about once in eight weeks. Where transportation was aerial from firsthand sources. He served in Germany. onei e rtaio .w He speaks the German language. Here is another inadequate, and this was generally the case, this average
e s s te G a Hr is a was decreased. Some of the noncoms stated that it was not chapter in the story of how Hitler tried to stifle Chris- infrequent that organizations had opportunity for relitiamity in Germany. This article is worth reading -nrqn tha oraiain ha potnt- o ei
ianty gious services but once in a year's time. Civilian churche slowly. could not be used in occupied countries. Attendance of soldiers at services in civilian churches other than German
Hwas strictly forbidden and violations of this order strictly
iHE administrative setup of the German Army Chap- punished. Ordinarily the enlisted man did not dare to Tlaincy was as follows: The corps was set up under two place a request for services. The percentage of attendance Feldbishops. One administers in the Evangelical field was usually low. and the other in the Catholic. Their rank is General and pal o In peacetime one Protestant and one Catholic chaplain each has complete jurisdiction within his sphere. Each of with the rank of major were assigned to each division in these possesses a general vicar who acts as his deputy. the army and navy. The air corps had none assigned. This The general supervision is taken care of by the Wehrmacht condition was maintained until 1942 when a personal Dekan, holding the rank of colonel. His activities range order was issued from Hitler's headquarters that there over all the armies in the field. The next lower echelon would be no further assignments of haplains to duty in
...... .. would be no further assignments of ch Dan to duty i is Oberpfarrer who is actively in charge of an army. His any branchof the service. In January, 1943, the chaplain rank is generally that of lieutenant colonel. Under him school was closed by order of the ober-commandant of th
scoo wasmo Chapsaen bho orde ofhe thela armyomnd o h
come the Division Chaplains who are either regular army Wehrmacht. Clergymen who had been inducted were not
r commissioned for the duration. Their rank is major. permitted officially to conduct services, but individual cases wo chaplains, one of each faith, are assigned to a divi- arose where such services were permitted by way of excepson. tion. One Evangelical clergyman states that in a period of
The activities of the entire chaplain corps were strictly five years he was not permitted to conduct a service excep iied to religion. In the beginning of the war, the in- i ited to religion. In the beginning of the war, the in- on Christmas. It had to be general and not to partake of erpretation of religious activity allowed considerable
trrationd tof eig ividuact a e cn pro- any Christian character. By orders, it had to be "ideologiatitude to the individual chaplain, but as the war pro-cal"!
cal"
dressed this interpretation was restricted to such an extent
that his activities extended merely to the holding of re- THE CHAPLAINCY UNDER HITLER ligious services and the administration of the sacraments. In the beginning of the war, the chaplains were inThe general consensus was that the chaplains were merely ducted into the service without any examination as to polititolerated and only in individual cases were encouraged cal leanings. After the party influence became strong, they through the good will of the commanding officer. were mildly examined concerning their political leanings.
In the early stages of the war, chaplains were reasonably The reason for this mildness was the inability to procure well supplied with the tools of their trade. As the war chaplains who were strict followers of the party. An inciprogressed, however, supplies were progressively dimin- dent is cited in which a Catholic Divisions-pfarrer was susished either by chance or design. No chapels were provided pected of being lukewarm in his adherence to the party. as a matter of policy, but in extremely rare cases this policy His records were secretly investigated by German intelwas broken. Civilian churches were used when possible in ligence and he was personally called before a board of te homeland only. Communion and Mass kits were a high-ranking officers in Berlin. The result of their investimatter of army issue to all commissioned chaplains as were gation stamped the chaplain as not being strongly Nazi; the ordinary field hymnals and prayer books. Office sup- however, he was permitted to function, "inspite of the fact lies were available and in the early stages of the war that he adhered too closely to his church"! each chaplain was assigned a clerk, but this was officially In the Protestant groups, no distinctions were made as revoked. The same happened to transportation. Some- to induction. All ministers and students, regardless of times a typewriter was furnished. Chaplains were per- situation, were liable to induction, provided they were itted to have an office but this was never officially en- physically able to serve. For the Catholic clergymen cercouraged. Their activities were strictly limited to conducting tain exceptions were made due to the concordat made bereligious services. Although personal interviews with sol- tween Pope Pius XI and the German Reich in the early dies were permitted, all religious indoctrination was '1930's. Catholic pastors in charge of parishes were not forbidden. It was the duty of the commanding officer to drafted. Bishops, their office force, the chancellors of the fish a location for religious services. The choice of dioceses, pastors of established parishes and superiors of 12 The Army and Navy Ch plain




religious orders were exempted from induction. In 1942 His first contacts should be with the clerical leaders of the the Jesuits by secret order of Adolph Hitler were declared church. He should act as the liaison officer between the "unworthy" for military service, military government and the church leaders. In this caAll others who in the minds of the Wehrmacht pos- pacity he can promote a feeling of good will and mutual sessed the necessary physical qualifications were drafted. understanding. The chaplain should also visit the pastor Approximately 70/o of the Evangelical clergy were in- of every church in his locality and be prepared to accept ducted, and practically 100% of the assistant Catholic invitation in the German civilian churches to conduct priests. The theological students enjoyed no exemptions services. He should be prepared also to disseminate whatsoever and were indiscriminately made to carry arms. amongst the German population the freedom of worshi
The transition for the clergymen from church life to that exists in America. His experience as a PW chaplain army life was a violent one. Inwardly they resented the will be very valuable in convincing the church leaders of forced necessity to bear arms and welcomed every oppor- the religious interest that American churchmen had in tunity to conduct religious services. The Catholic clergy- their people. The chaplain should be given a more or less men were generally assigned to duty in the Medical Corps free hand unrestricted by the policy of nonfraternization. and as such enjoyed a noncombatant status. No such dis- His status as a church man and an army officer puts him tinction was made in the case of Protestant clergymen. in a peculiarly favorable situation as a contact man beMost of them still retain sound, conservative principles tween military authorities and leaders of the church. and are keenly alive to the exact relationship that should The German prisoner of war clergymen now in conbexist between church and state. Most of them have a keen finement could be of great value to the American chapdesire to return to their pastoral duties as soon as possible. lain and the German people. About seventy-five per cent Most of them are keenly aware of the deep spiritual hurt of them will return to Germany with a full realization that religion suffered by the concentrated aggression of of the harmful effects of Nazism and with a renewed Nazism against religion. determination to carry on in the religious principles of sound doctrine. The religious instincts of the German CHURCHES WITHOUT PASTORS people are still strong. The Christian Church has powerful
The religious spirit of the people did not diminish be- work to do to nurture these into fruitful living. Dangerous cause of the lack of ministers and priests. In the Evan- factors are the implanted seed of Nazism, war fatigue gelical churches, many lay preachers took over. The re- hunger, suffering and general unrest. It may be possible gaining clergymen expanded their labors over as wide a that existing organizations with definite anti-Christia field as possible. Religious instruction of the children ideologies may feed and flourish on these conditions. Chris suffered and gradually ceased entirely. Upon the official tians with a sense of duty must get into the vineyard. prohibition of religious instruction in schools, the work was Hatred will not heal: the only cure is love. taken over by the clergy who organized a staff of teachers. The people at home suffered by reason of lack of clergymen. Many marriages could not be consummated because of this lack. Church services could not beheld sufficiently. Some Statistics About Chaplains The children suffered because of lack of religious instruction. Such instruction was prohibited eventually in the The following figures have been secured from the ofschools. The few clergymen that were left could not cope fices of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army and of the with the situation. In the meantime, intensive Nazi indoc- Navy: trination was taking place, officially approved by the gov- Army Navy Total ernment. This resulted in a strong indoctrination of the Total number of chaplains on German youth in the Nazi ideals. This was more effective duty 9 September 1939-15 Aubecause the influence of the church was increasingly di- gust 1945.............. .. .9,117 2,947 12,064
minished. Total on duty 15 August 1945 or
The church could not effectively function because of under orders............. 8,171 2,811 10,982
lack of ersonnel. The religious s spirit of the people was Separations since 9 September
p g p p 1939 (including war casualties) 946 136 1,082 heightened but the opportunities of worship were decreased. The youthful generation was quickly being cThe statistics are as accurate as can be given at this weaned away from the church. Indications are that if such time for they include a number of applications which conditions could have been maintained throughout a gene- were pending when hostilities ceased. Such applications ration, the party ideals might have become universal have been included among the appointments even though throughout the German nation. There was no freedom of some of the men concerned may have subsequently dechoice for any clergyman in any osition. Their status was clinked their commissions. On 15 August 1945 there
.. P .were 124 Regular Army chaplains and 187 in the Regustrongly supervised and regulations concerning their ac- lar Navy. tivities were progressively restrictive. aN
The total number of chaplains who served for shorter
CHAPLAINS RENDER VALUABLE AI or longer periods as members of the armed forces of our w s k r country represent approximately about ten per cent of the Allied chaplains who speak the German language and clergy of their denominations. who have had contact with German prisoners can be very val able in re-establishment bof religious life in Germany.
October,-November, 1945 '~13




American Army Chaplaincy
A Brief History
SECTION 11
(Continued from July-August, 1945 issue)
PREPARED IN THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF CHAPLAINS, U. S. ARMY
A MARKED departure in the assignment of chaplains East, 11 posts, 6 chaplains (including West Point); De1was effected by the establishment on July 5, 1838, of a partment of Florida, 9 posts, no chaplains; Department of system of post chaplains. There had been a number of Brit- the West, 16 posts, 10 chaplain stations, but only 5 chapsh post chaplains in America before the Revolution, and lains; Department of Texas, 15 posts, 4 chaplain stations the Original Rules and Articles of War referred to chap- of which 3 were filled; Department of New Mexico, 15 aiins commissioned to garrisons. The chaplain stationed at posts, 3 chaplain stations, 2 chaplains; Department of the te Military Academy since 1813, although considered a Pacific, 21 posts, 4 chaplains. Twenty chaplains were alart of the GeneralStaff, was in effect a post chaplain. Later lowed by the Act of 1838; 30 by that of March 2, 1849. le was so' designated. Similar chaplains were needed for Yet seldom was the actual number of chaplains up to even the southern and western posts. The Secretary of War re- half that allowed by law. The answer lay in the public atrted in 1831, "'I am satisfied that the appointment of titude toward chaplains in the General Government (as chaplains, and their employment at such of our military the Federal service was then termed). posts asjfrom their position and the strength of the garri-ANTICHAPLAIN OVEMNT sons, may' seem to call for such a measure, would be pro- A -CALI OVM 4uctive of great advantages to the service; and to the sol- Apart from the general religious attitudes of the times di~rs individually the measure would be equally beneficial. there were several reasons for public distrust of, or indifReproof and exhortations in life, and the consolations of ference to, Government chaplaincies. The practice of religion in death would be freely offered them." Congress clergymen electioneering to obtain the chaplaincy of the d:d not act, however, until 1838. Senate or of the House of Representatives had made the
The Act provided that the officers coniposing the council Congressional chaplaincies objects of ridicule. As one of administration at any post might employ "such person Congressman remarked: "At the opening of every session s they may think proper to officiate as chaplain, who shall of Congress ministers come here, either in person or 1so perform the duties of schoolmaster at such post." By through their agents, and log-roll to obtain the position o ct of July 7, 1838, the number of such posts was limited chaplains. I think it high time the system should be Twenty, which must "be approved by the secretary of abolished." The chaplain of the United States Penitentiary war, and shall be confined to places most destitute of in- held a $1,440 clerkship in a Government department. In straction." the Navy, and to a lesser extent in the Army, chaplains
The first post chaplain designated under this Act was were sometimes little more than clerks who read prayers Rev. RichardJ. Cadle, an Episcopalian, who was appointed at the burial of the dead. "When the commanders of th haplain of Fort Crawford, Wisconsin, on September 10, class of warships which were allowed a chaplain, but ha 1838. During the same year chaplains were appointed at none on board, needed the services of a clerk, it has not ort Brady, Michigan; Fort Snelling, Minnesota; Hancock infrequently occurred that they have given the rank of arracks, Maine; Fort Wood, New York; Fort Leaven- chaplain to some one selected for 'captain's clerk;' or; 4orth, Kansas; Fort Monroe;, Virginia, and to one post, 'commodore's secretary,' in order -that he might receive now unknown. Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, Fort Winne- the chaplain's salary." Likewise, as Chaplain Axton has
>Jfero Barcs Misui For Wi n "e'" ::
bago, Wisconsin, and Fort Jessup, Louisiana, were added pointed out, "there was a period from 1838 to 1861 when
1839. The next year saw a chaplain established at Fort very many men, not clergymen, recommended by the Post ibson, Indian Territory. Qther posts to have chaplains Council of Administration, wer6 appointed by the Secretary ithin the next few years, included: Fort Washington, I. T.; of War as chaplains, one of their chief qualifications be ort Arbuckle, 1. T.; Fort Atkinson, Iowa; Fort Washing- ing the ability to draw the pay and allowances of a captain Ojn, Md.; San Antonio and Fort McKavett, Texas; El of cavalry which was then the stipend." Dom Germain, aso, Texas; Fort Moultrie, S. C.; Newport Barracks, Ky.; the Catholic historian, states "occasionally, a superannuort Marcy, N. Mex.; Fort Scott, Kans.; Fort Laramie, ated sergeant, or sometimes even a retired cook, would be Web.; Fort Towson, I. T.; Fort Washita, Ark.; and Fort appointed to undertake the religious ministrations of a Monterey, Calif. Later as Washington Territory opened regiment." Finally, some chaplains were "on leave of up, chaplaincies were established at various posts in that absence" or "waiting orders" for periods running into region. years. The chaplains became concentrated in posts near
These chaplains by no means served all the posts. A sur- large cities, and some even held secular civilian positions rey in 1857 gave the following results: Department of the in addition to their chaplaincies. It is small wonder tha
14. The Army and Navy Chaplain




many questioned the constitutionality of the chaplaincy bath School. The local Mexican padre tried unsuccsfully and that the office was not held in high repute until the to get the children to return their Testaments, Catechisms, revival of religious interest during the Civil War. and Sabbath-School tickets to the chaplain.
Three difficulties of importance faced the post chaplain
CHAPLAINS AS SCHOOLMASTERS of the frontier. There was no opportunity for promotion,
On the other hand, there were many conscientious and no matter how long and how well a chaplain might serve, able clergymen who served as chaplains during that period, except that after February 21, 1857, the Secretary of War There might have been more, but for the rule that a chap- might, on the recommendation of the council of adminislain must be "apt to teach." Ability to teach the children tration, grant an increase of twenty dollars a moth. A at the post did not always go with a general fitness for re- chaplain had what he considered a meager salary on which ligious leadership. The law stated simply that the chaplain to send his children back east to receive their higher edushould "perform the duties of schoolmaster" at the post. cation. Many chaplains felt that the attitude of some line At first, instruction was limited to children of officers and officers was irreligious or indifferent and' that proper coattach6s of the Army, 'serving at the post: Later, there de- operation was not given to the work of the chaplain. veloped a policy of having not merely a post school but a public free school at the post for all persons of school age.MEXICAN WAR This trend received an impetus through the desire to edu- During the War with Mexico, Congress by an Act of cate the Mexican population acquired through the War February 11, 1847, provided that "it shall be lawful for with Mexico. Chaplains were allowed an assistant if neces- the officers composing the councils of administration of sary, but the chaplain retained full responsibility for edu- the several regiments constituting a brigade, either regular cation. He was told that as "it may be the only opportunity, or volunteer, in the service of the United States,to employ which some children may ever have of acquiring an educa- some proper person to officiate as chaplain to such brition, they must be thoroughly and systematically taught." gade." As to post chaplains, the same act provided that
Chapels were few, and schoolhouses even more scarce. they might, "at the discretion of the Secretary of War, be The Library Association pointed out that the chaplain was required to repair to the Army in Mexico whenever a "not only without assistance of any kind, but left to take majority of the men at the posts where they are respectively his choice of a schoolroom and chapel from the only stationed shall have left them for service in the field." available places-viz., an old storehouse without seats, At the end of the war, by Act of March 2, 1849, the number the soldiers' dressing room and kitchen, the common of post chaplains authorized was increased from twenty stable, or open air." to thirty.
CATHOLIC CHAPLAINS
LIBARIAN DUTIES The Mexican War for the second time called attention
The chaplain was usually the post librarian. Books con- to the need of Roman Catholic chaplains. In the Revolusisted of religious works sent on application by the chap- tion, General Benedict Arrfold had felt their desirability lain to religious publishing houses and miscellaneous in his attempt to win over the people of Quebec. Father works donated by persons in the neighborhood who were Lotbinier's appointment had resulted. A similar situation interested in the post. Sometimes these were supplemented existed during the Mexican War in regard to Catholics in by religious tracts and newspapers which were handed to the Army who might with good reason feel that this wa the soldiers on Sunday mornings. During the Civil War, a war of Protestants against Catholics. there was formed the U. S. Military Post Library Associa- President Polk wished to appoint Catholic chaplains t tion, a New York organization supplementary to the discourage desertions on the part of the Irish. Actually Christian Commission. This was considered "a great help only 45, or 21/2 o of the soldiers of Irish birth had deto all chaplains." serted, but the possibility of a more widespread dissatisSfaction was present. Polk had no legal authority to appoint RELIGIOUS MINISTRATIONS fato wa- .
REIGOc haplains, apart from his general powers as Commander' The religious work of post chaplains, apart from their in Chief, but he determined to appoint some Catholic place at burial services, as set forth in Army Regulations, chaplains at large. As the Sixth Provincial Council was consisted of "divine service." It was "recommended to all then in session at Baltimore, he invited to the White officers and soldiers diligently to attend." Chaplains were House, for a conference on May 20, 1846, Bishops Hughe instructed that "they shall hold religious services at least of New York, Kenrick of St. Louis, and Portier of Mobile. once on every Sabbath, when practicable." As there was no The bishops obtained the permission of Father Verhagen uniform service book, each chaplain was free to devise his Visitor of the Society of Jesus, for the appointment of own mode of public worship. Sunday services were sup- Father John McElroy, S.J., pastor of Holy Trinity Church, plemented by weekly prayer meetings and lectures. Some- Georgetown, D. C., and of Father Anthony Rey, S.J., protimes there were prayer services every evening. Some chap- fessor of philosophy at Georgetown College. Secretary of lains maintained Bible classes and Sabbath schools. The War Marcy wrote to Major General Taylor 'on May 29, latter occasionally were a cause of friction, as some chap- 1846, that the President had invited these priests "to atlains considered themselves de facto Protestant mission- tend the Army under your command and to officiate as aries to the Mexicans and Mormons. For example, Chap- Chaplains." Marcy added, "Although the President canlain D. Eglinton Barr at Fort Clark secured the attendance not appoint them as chaplains, yet it is his wish that they of a number of Mexican children at his Protestant Sab- be received in that character by you and your officers, be
October-November, 1945 15




respected as such and be treated with kindness and Act of July 22, 1861, calling for 500,000 volunteers. At courtesy, that they should be permitted to have intercourse pointmentwas vested in the regimental commander on th with the soldiers of the Catholic faith, to administer their vote of the field officers and company commanders. A cha religious instruction, to perform divine service for such as lain was to be a regularly ordained minister of a Chri. may wish to attend whenever it can be done without inter- tian denomination, and was to receive the pay and allo. fering with their military duties, and to have free access to ances of a captain of cavalry. A new requirement was tha the sick or wounded in hospitals or elsewhere . As the chaplain should "be required to report to the colonel these gentlemen do not speak Spanish they have been de- of the regiment to which he is attached, at the end of eac sired by the President to associate with them another quarter, the moral and religious condition of the regimen iclergyman who both understands and speaks it; such and such suggestions as may conduce to the social happ person recommended by them you will receive on the same ness and moral improvement of the troops. footing as themselves." Father Rey was killed during the Chaplain William Young Brown, in commenting on thi war by Mexican guerrillas or by robbers. Neither chap- requirement, stated in 1863, "Making the quarterly repo lain appears on the rolls of the Regular Army. furnishes the chaplain with a rare and important o
The first chaplain at Fort Monterey, California, was portunity not only to state the moral and social conditio Rev. Samuel H. Willey, a Presbyterian. His successor, of the troops, but to make official suggestions to his con Father Ignacio Ramirez, who served from 1850 to 1852, manding officer, relative to their improvement in thes was a Catholic. He may well have been the first Catholic respects. These suggestions are official; they are require chaplain in the Regular Army. Father Michael Sheehan by law, and are bound to be such as the chaplain, in the served at Fort Belknap, Texas, from 1855 to 1859. Accord- conscientious discharge of his duty, believes to be neces ing to War Department records, Father Peter John De sary and proper; and they cannot be construed into in Smet, S.J., served as "Chaplain in the Mormon Expe- pertinence or an improper meddling with things which dition," i.e., the expedition to Utah under Brigadier Gen- do not belong to him." Chaplain Brown regretted "that i eral William S. Harney in 1858, but his appointment is not made the duty of the colonel commanding the reg seems to have been as irregular as those of the Mexican ment to forward the quarterly reports of the chaplains to War Catholic chaplains. the Adjutant General's office, to be filed among the De
Apart from the priests mentioned above, all Regular partment papers. Were they to be filed, they would pe Army chaplains before the Civil War appear to have been haps be more carefully prepared, and they might be o Protestant. Although there were many Catholics in the great interest to the future historian, if not of present ad Army, they nowhere formed the majority of a regiment or vantage to the Department." garrison. The officers were almost entirely Protestant, and
therefore would be unlikely to choose a Catholic chaplain. ECCLESIASTICAL INDORSEMENT
Apart from volunteer chaplains, special presidential ap- By Act of August 3, 1861, regimental chaplains wer pointees, and militia chaplains, there were eighty Army provided for the Regular Army. These were to be "reg chaplains appointed between April 2, 1813 (when the larly ordained ministers of some Christian denomination surviving records begin) and March 26, 1856 (when Ad- and were to be "selected and appointed as the Preside' jutant General Cooper compiled the list of chaplains). Of may direct." The qualifications section was changed o these, forty-three were Episcopalian, eleven Presbyterian, July 17, 1862, to read, "that no person shall be appointed five Baptist, three Methodist, three Roman Catholic, one a chaplain in the United States Army who is not a regi Universalist, one Dutch Reformed, one Lutheran, and larly ordained minister of some religious denomination twelve of unknown affiliation. The predominance of Epis- and who does not present testimonials o'f his good standir c'opalians may have been due to a feeling of the officers that as such minister, with a recommendation for his appoint the Prayer Book form of service fitted in well with mili- ment as an Army chaplain from some authorized ecclesia tary ceremonies. The presence of an Episcopalian chap- tical body, or not less than five accredited ministers b lain at West Point during much of this period was not longing to said religious denomination." This change w without influence. brought about as a result of a request made to Presidern Lincoln by the Board of Delegates of American Israelite
CIVIL WAR to make provision for Jewish chaplains. For some time The Civil War was ushered in on a wave of religious prior to the passage of this Act, Rabbi Arnold Fischel of revival. Each side felt that it represented a holy cause, and New York had served as a civilian volunteer chaplain. the phrase "Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming
of the Lord" was but one manifestation of this feeling. MORAL QUALIFICATIONS AND EFFICIENCY For the first time snce the Revolution, Army chaplains At the same time that Congress required ecclesiastic had real popular support. in' dorsement, it took steps to weed out undesirable cha
Civil War chaplains functionally were of three types: lains. George Washington had stated, "We shou'd begl Regimental, post, and hospital chaplains. The thirty post if our Chaplain was appointed, and that a Gentleman chaplains provided by the Act of 1849 were still retained, sober, serious and religious deportment were chosen f although with added war duties. The greatest influx of this important Trust! Otherwise, we shou'd be bett chaplains came with the calling uip of troops from the Without." The Secretary of War had stated on July States. According to the old militia laws, each regiment 1861, "I am decidedly of the opinion that it would b was to have a chaplain. This policy was followed in the better for the volunteer regiments to be without chaplains 16 The Army and Navy Chaplain




than to be demoralized by unworthy men, who, solely itinerants interfered with their authority and dscipie from motives of gain, desecrate the sacred character of the For example, a Roman Catholic priest, Father Paul E. position they assume. Such appointments are in direct Gillen, C.S.C., served as an unofficial chaplain until Gencontrovention of the express recommendation of the De- eral Grant ordered him to desist. That this order did not partment." Congress had at last come to the same con- reflect on Father Gillen's personal character is shown by clusion. The Act provided that 'it is hereby made the duty the fact that he was subsequently appointed chaplain of of each officer commanding a district or post containing the 170th New York Infantry, in which capacity he served hospitals, or a brigade of troops, within thirty days after for two years and eight months. the reception of the order promulgating this Act, to in- Father Bernard M. McQuaid, who later became Bishop quire into the fitness, efficiency, and qualifications of the of Rochester, visited the troops on a Federal pass to make chaplains of hospitals or regiments, and to muster out of certain that there were Catholic chaplains at the front. service such chaplains as were not appointed in con- His mission apparently implied that there should be a sufformity with the requirements of this Act, and who have ficient number of unofficial chaplains, supplementing the not faithfully discharged the duties of chaplains during wotk of the commissioned Catholic chaplains, to give adethe time they have been engaged as such." This provision quate attention to the spiritual needs of the Catholic men probably eliminated most of the ex-cook and ex-wagoner among the troops. chaplains about whom Congressman Henry Wilson had .. complained to the Paymaster General at the end of the CmSTIAN COMMISSION previous year. Whether Regular Army chaplains advised The United States Christian Commission was organized the commanding officers in the task is not known. by a convention of the Delegates of the Young Men's At the beginning of the Civil War there were a few Christian Associations meeting in New York City on brigade chaplains appointed, but these were probably tem- November 14 and 15, 1861. Unlike other movements porary appointments pending the securing of a sufficient which were carrying on religious activities among the number of regimental chaplains. troops, it did not proceed to action until after it had reCceived the approval of the President, the Secretary of War, COMMISSIONS and General McClellan. Its stated object was "to promote Great discrepancy existed in the manner of appointing the spiritual and temporal welfare of the soldiers in the and commissioning chaplains in the volunteer regiments; Army . in cooperation with chaplains and others." It many served without commissions. Most States provided furnished many materials to chaplains, especially Testafor commissioning by the Governor, using the same form ments and other religious literature, and it constructed a of commission as that used by line officers. Indiana and total of one hundred forty chapels. Oneof its outstanding Maryland did not commission any chaplains; Wisconsin activities was the supplying of loan libraries, which were and Rhode Island commissioned some but not others; New administered by the chaplain, surgeon, or other responsible Hampshire gave a commission for the chaplain to hold person. The Commission acted through unpaid delegates, office during the pleasure of the colonel of the regiment. each of whom bore a certificate of appointment styled a Regular Army chaplains apparently were commissioned in "commission," stating that in appointing him the Commisaccordance with the provision in the Articles of War Hos- sion as "acting under the approbation and commendation pital chaplains received a commission signed by the Presi- of the President, the Secretaries of the Army and Navy, dent and Secretary of War. No specific provision was the Postmaster-General, the Surgeon-General, and the made regarding commissions to post chaplains, except Generals in Command." The Commission's report at the that the appointment be made by the Council of Admin- end of the War stated that its delegates had met with little istration of the post and that the proceedings pertaining opposition, although at first they encountered considerable to the appointment be immediately forwarded to the Ad- indifference. jutant General's Office. The five thousand delegates of the Commission were to a carry on the "aid and supply of chaplains, at their request." UNOFFICIAL CHAPLAINS The instructions pointed out that "a chaplain's regiment
This great diversity in the status of chaplains made it is his peculiar parish, and there should be no intrusion easy for unofficial chaplains to spring up. These were of upon it; but, on the contrary, his authority and influence three types: clergymen and lay evangelists who simply held should be strengthened as much as possible." During the services in the camps or even became followers of the latter part of the War, all delegates came to be calle Army, clergymen attached to the United States Christian "chaplains," although this was probably merely an unCommission, and Presidential hospital chaplains. The first official act on the part of the soldiers. group included many different kinds, varying from of- The only known provision made by the Commission for ficially designated representatives of established national unofficial chaplains in name was in the case of hospitals, Religious bodies to itinerant preachers, some of whom fol- where the instructions were that delegates might be sent lowed 'the Army as an easy way of making a meager liv- "to act as volunteer chaplains in such hospitals as have not
ing. While some commanders welcomed these men, con- had chaplains appointed for them by the Government."
sidering that revival meetings and other religious observances benefited the morale of their troops, other The third and concluding installment will appear in the commanding officers felt that even the most respectable 'next issue.
October-November, 1945 17
Nall- > : : :




What the Church Expects of Returning Chaplain
By DR. JESSE H. BAIRD
the soldier needed, if they are to win the battles of their souls. If chaplains can bring back to us "what it took" to Dr. Jesse H. Baird, President of San Francisco stabilize the men "out there," they will serve mightily,
Theological Seminary, a Presbyterian insti- even beyond their war service in importance.
tto, has some frankwodtosyoth
tution, has some frank words to say to the The church has suffered from the going of so many of returning chaplain. They are words of ap- her best men into the chaplaincy. Thousands of pulpits preciation, of advice, and of warning. Few have been vacant, especially in the rural areas. A faithful religious leaders in America are as intimately home missionary in Idaho who is trying to serve an are
aware of the needs and opportunities for lagrtnsoefoustts trnt a
spiritual leaders in our great West as is Dr. larger than some of our states wrote recently, "These fine
pirr. people are lapsing into paganism because of our neglect."
Baird. -Hurry home, chaplains, and fill the breaches in the battle
lines of the Kingdom of God.
HE church isve grateful t her chapels. They have The resettlement of the chaplains will perhaps entail
HE church is very grateful to her chaplains. They have some heartaches. Some of them are on leave of absence. I served well and in many cases at great personal sacri- They will return to waiting congregations. Perhaps th fice. Some of the most cherished documents in thousands consciousness of years away from the study will caus of American homes today are letters from chaplains, men some sinking of heart as Johnny Chaplain comes march of. Gowovlnaiyfloe eoe osadhs some sinking of heart as Johnny Chaplain comes marchof God, who voluntarily followed beloved sons and hus- ing home to the old sermon routine, with waiting listener bands out to distant battle fronts and wrote back words who will expect him to have grown into a still better f assurance and comfort to the anxious home folk. Never preacher than he was before he left them. But that simply did a nation ask more of her youth than did America dur- calls for moral courage and intellectual slogging which ing the last four years. We sent them to every hellhole is the equivalent of what he had to measure up to ove on earth and commanded them to do the impossible. They there." went and did the impossible, and one big reason they were Some of the tasks vacated by the chaplains have bee able\to endure through it all was that the chaplains stood carried on by old men who courageously returned fro by them. their retirement and labored through the war years beyond The church is sincerely anxious to do something for the theirstrength. We believe most of them will gladly retur chaplains to show her gratitude. The seminaries are pre- to their well-earned rest, rejoicing that young, vigorous
z. ,.. to their well-earned rest, rejoicin that young, vigorous paring refresher courses to offer as a bridge across the men are taking over again.
..... ar tkig ov r gai.
period of uncertainty from the day of discharge to the time bf resettlement. .National Councisdnmatol a In that vital area of vacant churches the resettlement >f resettlement. National Councils-denominational and
interdeominatinalr d n ay ad m s problem may be quite painfuL. In the inevitable shake nterdenominational-are debating ways and means of down which has taken place, the thousands of churches being helpful. And we venture a guess that congregations .
new p r wl 'e ,. u a which are now without pastors are almost all the smallest seeking new pastors will be saying, Find us a chaplain."
......." and poorest paying ones. Will the church hand these to
But when all this has been said, it is well to state that and poorest paying ones. Will the church hand these t her returning chaplamns, saying, "This is our reward to the church is truly going to expect much from her return-her retu chalas, say "This is our reward t you for your sacrifices"? Such salaries as are offered by ng chaplams. She will expect inspiration, guidance, en- the small churches will be doubly difficult for the chaplains couragement and the same kind of faithful sacrificial serv- s f .
8 .. ..because their salaries have been fairly good wie teI ice which accomplished such results on the battle fronts. au hei ae e n fr l We he The battle with sin goes on and it will probably be intensi- paychecks have ben coming from Uncle Sam. We ha a suspicion that they have been on a considerably higher led in many respects as peace returns. The victory achieved evel han ministerial salaries have been or shall be. e by guns-must be made effective by moral and spiritual vic- l tha mea si s have sae
e, .... know that young men just out of seminary have started :orles, which will be even more difficult to win. In this
which wil be mrdif t In their ministry in a much higher salary bracket as chap holy warfare the church has a right to expect her returning . .
.- . n ams than their classmates have done m civilian charges. chaplains to be her generals, admirals, yes and noncoms dnicvi 'oo. The chaplains were drawn from the higher brackets Here is a field in which Christian grace may be well f the younger clergy. They have been "1out there" with tested. With some patience and forbearance we believe an the boys and should understand them and what they have adjustment will take place which will be at least as just een through. Hence they should be able to lead in an as comparative salaries and opportunities ever are. Men been~ ~~~ goodgh probablyoud eabetoledina
outstanding way in the trying days of stabilization and now settled of good fields will probably not say, "Here, readjustment which are coming. 'Chaplain, is a field which you deserve. You take it.. I will
stepd down toa a lesser on. Ehapain Chitsnt doen'
The church has a feeling that the chaplain who has step down to a lesser one." Even Christianity doesn' :ollowed his men through combat ought to have come to make very many of us so generous. But when a pulpit bekn6w God better and the power which comes through comes vacant, the man who has been a chaplain, other prayer. It ought to have made him a better preacher and things being equal, will be most likely to receive the call. pastor. The folk in the pews need that same help which In due time, when things are normal again, all of us wil
18 The Army and Navy Chaplai N .




arive at just about the opportunity we deserve, regardless that a Chaplain who is their Chaplain, to meet incoming of war record or lack of it. ships, to bid Godspeed to outgoing ships, to act as a sort
Our advice to returning chaplains would be: come of liaison officer between them and their shore-based home, enjoy a little rest, take a refresher course to brush countrymen could be of great service to the corps. the cobwebs off your scholarship, breathe a prayer for There seems to be now among our social or economic guidance, look around for the place where God needs you pressures an endeavor to establish a stronger American most, roll upyour sleeves and go to work. Pretty soon the merchant marine service. Surely the Church must not lag war and its experiences will be relegated to the realm of in doing whatever is possible to help these men. "Their old soldiers' reunions and we will all be pulling along to- temptations to debauchery are severe. They need every gether for a better world-the world God intended it to be. aid tha tt is possible for our social set-up to provide.
I do not know how this kind of work could be financed
P% Abut seamen of other nationalities than our own tell me that much more is done in their homelands. Surely AmerA Plea For the Merchant Marine : ica cannot make a pleato her decent 'citizenry that its sons
oi s o r r g yr build up a strong merchant fleet save she 'also extend herI notice in some of your advertising that your association .
includes Merchant Marine Chaplains if I have read it self to help these men in every way she can. They are aright. I have sailed on a merchant ship transporting forced to lead by virtue of their very occupation a pecutroops for two and one-half years. During that time I have liarly non-normal life. They are in especial need of cornever heard a merchant seaman mention Chaplain or dial, friendly, spiritual and moral counsel. I hope you may Church. find some way of increasing whatever is being done for
In these months at sea I have become acquainted with themalong these lies.
some three hundred of these men and I think I sense some Very cordially yours, of the great difficulties that stand between them and the JOHN R. GLASSEY, life of a normal American man. Further it seems to me Captain, ChC.
...A Chaplain Faces the Future
the preacher is still a 'hired man'; required to maintain
professional stadad of liing :on: a garbageolco'
In a mimeographed letter to some personal friends, professional standard of livig on a garbage collector'
opens his heart on the subject wages. Unlike others, we cannot go back to the well-paid
an overseas chaplain opens his heart on the sublect ". !iiiS
ongoing back to a civilian parish. He did not write job and the church will not suddenly become generous. (I of going back to a civilha n parish. H e did not w rite . . .,, ,... .
for publication. However, his pungent remarks on always envy Spanish Moss, which can hang on a limb and
fpublication. However, his pungent remarks on lieo. teaahr: : ..:
a very live subject deserve a wider circle of readers live off the atmosphere.) than he expected "All we ask for is a chance; for an opportunity to serve n expected. with a degree of freedom; to fight for every inch of ground worth holding. The ministry is a 'magnificent obsession!'
It has the lure of the immaterial, the intangible, the eter6 fE chaplains know the future we face. The ministers nal. It is a 'love that will not let me go.' Otherwise we in civilian pastorates are entrenched; we are out- would have long since yielded to the temptation of being sides. We have no ill feelings in this matter: it is just a peanut vender-and peanuts are nourishing. one of those things. Our peace loving public will soon for- "In many ways, I have passed 'Beyond'; beyond being get everything connected with the war; even the sacrifice quizzed about my orthodoxy; beyond denominational bickof human lives. The chaplain may be looked upon as a ering and institutional self-sufficiency. It's time to break militant, dangerous to the peace. His military career won't the bonds of indifference, complacency, and spiritual ilcount for much in the average church. When we take off literacy. We must remove the partitions that divide us. our uniform (with or without 'fruit salad') we will be 'When the Church-like the soldier who faces an just another 'Guy Named Joe.' In some respects we will important objective-faces danger and death with high have been on a detour-now back on the main highway-. moral courage and prophetic insight-we might get changed; different, wiser; and better able to do a job; if somewhere. you had one. "So the chaplain's future is none too clear or certain. He "Don't think we have been overpaid in the army-ekx- has only one hope: to forge ahead and make the most of penses have been terrific; but we have learned that no man every unseen event. Friends along the way are valuable. can do his best if he is economically strangulated. Most Our own Committee on War Services is endeavoring to churches have never learned this lesson. They want a return the chaplains to the civilian ministry; but this ormillion-dollar preacher on a six-bit salary. The servant ganization is at the mercy of the churches. How many may be worthy of his hire; but to the average congregation, churches will seek ministers from this source?" October-November, 1945 19




'Round the World the Ch ins Preached the Word...
Soldiers kneel in the snow as
Chaplain F. T. Boyle conducts "Yom Kippur" Services were held in services for Infantrymen of the the Synagogue at Verdun, France for
4.106th Division. the first time in five years.
Nine thousand members of the armed forces attended this Protestant Serv- Chaplain Blundell says ass in ice at Base A, Milne Bay, New Burma for former Jap prisoners Guinea. Hillside pews were at a of war escaped from
premium. camp.
Chaplain Clarence S.
Donnelly preaches on apain Emmitt T.
V-E Day, St. Anna's Carroll conducts first Church, Augsburg, service on BougainGermany. ville Island.
20 ..The Army and Navy Chaplain October-November, 1945 21 S46-1h6rm n Nv halin [




that year and expires on 31 December of that year. Inas 1a a much as the magazine is issued quarterly we have mailed The Army andNay halan
T AN back copies of the current year to new members as long as TheProfessionalJournalfor hapins and Religious a supply of back copies was available. Fortunately, this
The Professional Journal for Chaplains and Religious supply was sufficiently large so that almost all new memWorkers bers who joined the Association in recent months did receive
EDITOR ............. CHAPLAIN CLIFFORD M. DRURY these back copies. But what if these new members did not.
ASSOCIATE EDITOR..... CHAPLAIN EDMUND W. WEBER want back copies? Perhaps they expected to receive fou issues of the magazine from the date of their membership EDITORIAL BOARD Perhaps they expected the expiration date of membership CHAPLAINS WALTER B. ZIMMERMAN, Arlington, Virginia; to read one year from the month in which the membership
ARLINGTON A. McCALLUM, Washington, D. C. and fee was paid.
WILLIAM T. BRUNDICK, Woodstock, Virginia. During one certain period of depression, not too long ago, considerable discussion centered about the question Whether or not it was proper to "eat the constitution."
THE ARM11Y AND NAVY CHAPLAIN is not the official mouthpiece of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army Well, we confess that in recent months we have been or of the Navy. The fact that an article appears in its tempted many times to do just that-"eat" the constitution
columns does not indicate the approval of the views ex- of the Chaplains Association and arbitrarily issue member
pressed in it by any group or any individual other than of the Chaplains Association and arbitrarily issue member the author. It is our policy to print articles on subjects of ships on the basis of an annual membership. Then came
interest to chaplains and religious workers although 111
some or all of the opinions advanced may be at variance VJ-Day and with it a relaxing of travel restrictions and s with those held by the President of the Chaplains As- the assurance that an annual convention could doubtless sociation, the members of the Executive Staff and the be held in the Spring of 1946. Perhaps this constitution
Editors.
Editors. would still have had a good bite taken out of its meaty part if we had secured unanimous concurrence from those witl
The Chaplains Association of the whom we took counsel in this matter. Most of them did
Army and Navy of the United States concur. A few did not. It looked like risky business to act 1 Nt W without proper authority, and the decision to change mem t... berships to an annual basis was left to the decision of the Washington 6, D. C. coming convention. Our present system forces practicall
EXECUTIVE STAFF all memberships to expire on 31 December of any yea PRESIDENT That's bad. Our constitution requires that a member mus CHAPLAIN N. M. YLVISAKER be more than twelve months in arrears before his name it deleted from the list of members who receive the mag VICE-PRESIDENTS zine. That's bad too. Nobody likes to pay "for a ded
ARMY horse," and a member probably does not take special de CHAPLAIN D. C. SULLIVAN ........................ I SC light in paying $2.00 for a 1945 membership in Novembe
CHAPLAIN P. B. FAY ...... ........ .............. .... II SC of 1945. Furthermore, if the calendar year basis for mem
CHAPLAIN J. P. TYLER .......................... III SC berships was a sound operating principle other organize
CHAPLAIN R. L. ALEXANDER ....................... IV SC tions with a large membership would certainly have adop t
CHAPLAIN C. A. STRIDSBERG ...... .. ...... . . .e. ys. V SC .
CHAPLAIN A. N. CORPENING..... ........... ...... VI SC ed that system.
CHAPLAIN W. A. MUNDAY ...................... VII SC But-here's a confession-we did "eat" the constitution
CHAPLAIN J. J. O'BRIEN .......................... VIII SC At least we disregarded the constitution in two instance
CHAPLAIN C. A. CARLSON ........................ NWSC in which we could justify the action because of existing
NAVY precedents. All credit to Chaplain Brasted and Colone CHAPLAIN E. L. ACKIss ....................... ..At Large Goodyear for having set the precedents. A membership
CHAPLAIN E. P. WUEBBENS ............ ........ .At Large fee of $3.00 paid since 1 September 1945 was accepted a,
CHAPLAIN R. J. WHITE ........................ At Large payment of the membership fee to 31 December 1946.
CHAPLAIN B. A. TINTNER ....................... At Large NEW MEMBERSHIP PAYMENT OF $2.00 MAD
MEMBER AFTER THE PUBLICATION OF THIS ISSUE WII COLONEL A. S. GOODYEAR BE CREDITED TO THE CALENDAR YEAR 1946.
CHAPLAIN ALVA J. BRASTED, Ret'd Chaplains must be great "guys." A considerable numb
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY-TREASURER of new members probably wondered why the membershi CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM card was dated 31 December instead of August or Se CHAPLAIN HAROLD G. ELSAM.
___tember of the, following year. Only a relatively few aske for an explanation. In every instance the explanatii The Calendar Year Membership given was apparently accepted as entirely satisfactory.
The constitution of tlIe Chaplains Association requires Here now is the same explanation in full detail. It that membership in the Association and, therefore, sub- intended as an urgent call to the members of the Associ scriptions to THE ARMY AND NAvY CHAPLAIN must be on tion-to effect the necessary changes in the constitute y convention an hu lace members'
a calendar year basis. This means that a membership fee at the very next convention and thus place membership paid during any month of the year 1945 applies only to on an annual basis rather than on a calendar year basit
22 The Army and Navy Chapli
., 4 4 ,,'', ::Z% > > : ...




Will Pacifism Return?
Song ago as the days of Thucydides and Plutarch his- the implication often being that the pacifist had more contorians and philosophers have observed that history science than the nonpacifist!
has a way of repeating itself. There is a certain invariable During the decade 1925-1935, when the pacifist movequality in the way human beings react to a given set of ment was strongest, chaplains in the Army and Navy were circumstances. After the First World War a wave of often criticized for being in uniform. One Conference of pacifism swirled through a number of Protestant denomi- the great Methodist Episcopal Church, North, actually nations, especially in the Northern Methodist Church, the started action to call its clergy out of the chaplaincy. Some Congregational, and the Presbyterian, U.S.A. The move- pulpits were closed to chaplains simply because they were ment was strongest in the decade 1925-1935. chaplains. These were years when many of the chaplains
There are many shades of pacifism. On the one hand in the Army and Navy felt that the good church people there are the men who have made the Army or the Navy back home had forgotten about them. Another var had their career who call themselves pacifists. They say: "Of to come before denominational authorities seemed to be course we are pacifists for if war comes we are the first aware that the men and women in uniform deserved a to be exposed to danger and the first t6 die." At the other spiritual ministry. In times of peace the average church extreme are those who deny the use of force under any cir- all too quickly forgets its missionary opportunity to our cumstances. References to pacifists in this editorial refer service personnel. Rebuffed, criticized, and sometimes just. to this, latter group. The philosophy of pacifism has in- ignored, the Army and Navy chaplains carried on. herent affinities with isolationism and in general is op- Then came Pearl Harbor! The impossible had happosed to any proposal which would strengthen our armed pened! The cruel realities of undeniable facts caused forces. many sleepless hours and early morning headaches to those
Pacifism arose partly as a reaction against the First sincere but mistaken men and women who had accepted World War. Among the advocates of "nonresistance the pacifist position but who then found that their phiosounder any circumstances" were a few men who saw service phy of life simply did not harmonize with the basic instincts during the War with Germany and who had become em- of the human heart. Those who still tried to hold to the bittered on postwar national and international politics, pacifist ideal found it increasingly difficult to be consistent. Then there was a well-directed propaganda campaign. Was it right to pay taxes to a government engaged in Such prominent publications as The Christian Century carrying on a war? Was it right to accept the benefits of threw the weight of its editorial opinion behind the move- armed protection while having no part in it? Was it posment. Such organizations as The Fellowship of Recon- sible to be a 100% pacifist and at the same time be a useful ciliation included pacifism among its chief tenets and citizen in society ? recruited many adherents from among the college-age In the hysteria of those days of readjustment some young people. young men at Union Theological Seminary, New York,
While there were a few who accepted the pacifist posi- under what many feel was tragically mistaken advice, tion who were outside of the Christian Church, by far the refused to register for the draft even though as theological larger majority were members. For the most part pacifists students they would have been excused from bearing arms. who seek a religious basis for their belief go to the New Other young men, many of whom had come under the Testament. But equally devout students can go to the same influence of pacifism, took their rightful place in the strugpassages and draw different interpretations. Pacifists have gle that had engulfed their generation. Among those who ascribed a morality to certain nations which events proved had been pacifists and who had to make the decision of simply did not exist. Our willingness to meet around a registering as a conscientious objector or going to war, table and discuss frankly and openly the issues troubling were some who carried a feeling of resentment in their the world did not mean that the aggressor nations felt the hearts when they realized how they had been misled. Passame way. Our good faith in carrying out international tors, including many student pastors at our state universiagreements did not guarantee the same spirit in others, ties, in whom these young men had placed implicit faith, The fact that our Government has made' serious mistakes had failed to prepare them for the world as it is. Many a in the past in international affairs does not blot out the chaplain who served in World War II has met these disgreater sins of other nations. illusioned young men and has had to labor patiently to ~Ugly stories of tremendous fortunes made by munition recover a faith shattered by past unrealistic teachings. makers who plotted behind international scenes for more Will pacifism return? No, for it has never gone away. wars in order to make more money were magnified out of The influence of pacifism has only ebbed during these war all proportion to the germ of truth they may have con- years, but the tide will set in again. There is bound to be tained. With evangelistic fervor and crusading zeal the a reaction against the horrors and sacrifices of the recent, confirmed pacifist preached this one doctrine in season and war. Some memories will grow dim and the age-old out, often to the neglect or even denial of other basic revulsion against war will assert itself in the patterns of Christian truths. In some Christian circles pacifism was the past. This will be especially true if the hopes of the made the supreme test of spirituality. A great deal was United Nations' ability to resolved differences by peaceful said about the rights of a conscientious objector while little means fail to materialize. Pacifism will then flourish again mention was made of a conscientious Christian patriot- in church circles. History will repeat itself. Good people, October-November, 1945 23




who never went to war or who have a one-sided under- maintain that when a greater evil threatens our country standing of the issues involved, will again entice youth our homes, our religion, and our very lives, then it become with false assumptions of a superior spirituality into taking our Christian duty to go to war in defense of those value an impossible position, and treasures. If we maintain that the just have the moral
We who have served as chaplains in this recent war- right to use force to defend themselves, then by the sam some 12,000 or more of us-must not then keep still. We logic we have an inescapable obligation to develop tha have not glorified war. We have not overlooked the temp- economic and political morality at home and abroad which tations and moral dangers that are the inevitable accom- is the absolute essential for an enduring peace. We who paniment of the congregating of large numbers of men have served as chaplains refuse to give up the Jewis1 a part from the restraining influences of home, church, and prophet's dream of a just society or the Christian ideal o community. War is a tragedy! It is often brutalizing. It the coming of the Kingdom of God upon earth. W brings untold suffering and sorrow. It has a devastating pledge our all, as we did when we put on the uniform, to moral effect on many whom it touches. We chaplains are promote every possible alternative to war. not blind to these facts. Indeed, we maintain that we Again and again, on the field of battle, in memorial know much more about this than do the idealists who have services held at the side of freshly dug graves, in Divin never ventured forth to do what they could to protect our Services, and in personal consultations we vowed that th youth from such experiences. We who have served as great sacrifices of this war shall not be made in vain. We chaplains have a duty to speak up and inject a realistic also, look forward to and dream about a warless world strain in these theological discussions of coming days. We We, too, pray for the speedy coming of that day whe have a testimony to give based upon firsthand experience, swords shall be beaten into plowshares, spears into prun Pacifism is not the way out. ing hooks, and the deadly mine converted into a harmless
Fully aware of all of the evils of war, we chaplains still flowerpot.
Will the Returning Chaplain Be Different?
S OME of the keener minds of the people back home a deeper loyalty for their respective denominations tha .are already raising the question: "Will the faith and ever before. However, the experiences of war will leave a attitude of the returning chaplain be different from that of indelible impression upon all who shared in them. Cha the non-service pastor?" Others, who may not be alert lains are not exceptions. There is bound to be a broader enough to ask such a question, will be inclined to think outlook, perhaps a change of emphasis in Biblical tead of their absent pastor as he was when he left for war ing, and certain new techniques. What effect the retuni service. The chaplains, on the other hand, are much more ing chaplains will have on the churches of the Unit conscious of the coming period of readjustment. This is States will only be revealed with the passing of mons to be expected for they are the ones who have passed and years. For the present we can only surmise. through new and strange experiences. Some chaplains, However, there are some immediate problems which knowing what is expected.of them, are troubled. might be discussed with profit. Some chaplains who ha Chaplains themselves are asking such questions as: come out of a very conservative background and who per "Can I return to the church waiting for me and slip back haps have served a church of the same theological co into the old molds of theological thought and be happy plexion have found that they have become more liberi in the usual routine of church activities?" "Will I ever in their theological outlook. Doctrines which once seemed be content to settle down in a parish after roaming all so important have shriveled into insignificance and oth over the world?" And "Will my brother ministers receive matters once overlooked now are vital. Some of these me into their fellowship when they discover that I have churches have kept their pulpits open in the hope t picked up some little habit which they condemn?" These their beloved pastors will return. How will the elders ani and many kindred questions are being asked by chaplains the deacons, who guard the outer bastions of denomina who realize that soon they will be returning to civil life. tional creeds, feel when they discover that their pastor hi: What will happen to the churches of the United States undergone a spiritual and intellectual transformation when this large and influential number of their clergy Some chaplains entered the service as non-smokers an return? There is bound to be a tremendous impact on now they smoke. How will the home folks feel abo the thinking and practices of Christian churches and Jew- that? A changing emphasis on the matter of some do ish synagogues when nearly 12,000 priests, ministers, and trines and some practices is bound to bring difficulties rabbis return after the broadening experiences of war. some chaplains and some churches. For the most pa On the whole we believe that the clergyman who has put the chaplains have been the ones who have been caug on the uniform will return a bigger, more consecrated, and in this flux of new ideas and not the churches. a more effective spiritual leader than when he left. It is The type of sermons the returned chaplain will deliv our conviction that the experiences of war have deepened is bound to be different, especially in the weeks of readju faith and enriched human understanding for the average ment. There will be the very natural tendency for t chaplain. Many will return with a greater appreciaton and (Continued on page 35) 24 The Army and Navy Chaply




Keep the USO
Our God and sailor we like adore population aware of their responsibility for providing adeIn time of danger, not before; quate and proper recreational facilities and a clean enThe danger gone, both are like requited, vironment for uniformed personnel in the major port cities
God is forgotten and the sailor slighted, and in the vicinity of our large Army camps.
The United Service Organization has done a noble job
So wrote Lord Nelson in a letter dated 20 October 1802. in accomplishing this during wartime. Its continuation This century-and-a-half-old axiom holds a challenge will go a long way toward keeping the serviceman from worthy of reflection by all chaplains now serving or who undesirable environments. have previously served in uniform. Prior to Pearl Harbor the Navy YMCA was the only
Chaplains have had unusual opportunities to observe organization in many a port city with facilities for servow important it is that men in uniform be treated with ing sailors on leave or liberty. That men did avail themrespect-that they be saved the snubs and discourtesies to selves of these facilities is testified to by the fact that three which they were often subjected during peacetime. sets of marble steps leading into the main entrance of the
In the years before the recent war, Navy men returning YMCA in Norfolk have literally been worn out by the from a cruise in foreign lands where they were greeted tread of millions who have come and gone through its with friendly courtesy and enthusiasm, often returned to doorway. The fourth set is already showing extensive their homelands to be ignored, or even worse, deliberately wear. refused ordinary social courtesies. In those days a sailor's From all indications we will have the largest Army and first shore stop was a hotel room where he could change to Navy in our peacetime history. Many of these men in our civvies. peacetime forces will be young men under twenty-one. All too often stores, clubs, places of amusement, even They will need the USO as much, or more, than did the churches, treated the man in uniform as though he be- servicemen during the war. Failure to provide a decent, longed to the riffraff of society. One Navy chaplain tells respectable place for them to spend their leisure hours will of a sailor who refused to take his fiance to church while force many into seeking comradeship and entertainment wearing his uniform because of the definite coldness ex- in dangerous and undesirable quarters. hibited by certain members of the congregation. Chaplains in uniform and former chaplains can assume
Chaplains have a moral obligation to keep the civilian leadership in advocating the continuance of the USO.
Christmas Aboard a U. S. Warship
By CHAPLAIN L. C. CARTER, USNR
It was a real cedar, one among a very few which had
Chaplain Carter rendered a real service to the come thousands of miles by ship from the good old U.S.A.
men aboard his ship when he mimeographed A great crowd of the men gathered around when we a description of their Christmas party and brought it aboard, staring at it unbelievingly and, too, made copies available to all interested. Over with wistful looks in their eyes. I sent my able yeoman and one-half of the crew sent copies home. Here right-hand man, Eugene Adams of San Francisco, Caliis an excellent description of how Christmas fornia, to find what decorations he could, and was greatly was celebrated on one United States war surprised when he showed up with the whole worksvessel in wartime. lights, tinsel and ornaments. We decided the best place to set the tree up would be in the hangar amidship, where
divine services, movies and entertainments are held.
N the two months prior to Christmas of 1943, the U.S.S. Everyone wanted to help, but I gave the job to those' IL New Orleans had been at sea almost continuously, ever helpful men, the Master-at-Arms force. Chief Masterstriking at the enemy. The men were beginning to expect at-Arms William Hays of Winchester, Kentucky, another that their celebration of Christmas would be far from right-hand man to the chaplain, took charge of setting up friendly shores and in the midst of hostile action. Imagine the tree, assisted by Stewart Brunson of San Diego, Calitheir happiness when just two weeks before Christmas, fornia, and Kenneth Gordon Samson of Yakima, Washthe ship came into harbor-a harbor far from home, but ington. With the 7-foot tree up, Raymond R. Iesch of one where Christmas was known and celebrated. San Diego and "Tony" Cresci of San Francisco strung the As chaplain of the ship, I began at once to make what lights. Then Otto Gottschim of Huntly, Wyoming, took arrangements I could for the worship and celebration. over the draping of ornaments, assisted by a great, eager Having a Christmas tree was almost too much to be ex- crowd of men. Soon we had as beautiful a Christmas tree pected, but again Commander S. R. Hickey, with his Fleet as could be found anywhere at home. Recreation and Morale Office, came through with a tree. This was two days before Christmas Eve. Yet, there Octber-November, 1945 2




was something wrong with our tree-of course, it needed Captain Shumaker endeared himself to all when he ste, t e4pp a pile of gifts around it. What to do? I called in our to the microphone and gave all hands a cheery Christina Supply Officer, Commander R. H. Burgess of Flint, Michi- greeting and welcome to the NO-boat party. gan, and he gave us cigarettes and "pogy-bait" (candy) Being in charge of the festivities, I trotted forward a enough for all hands, with the promise of "gedunk" (ice this point wearing a wreath of jingle bells around M cream) for all hands after our Christmas Eve party. neck, the sound of which went out through the amplifie In the meantime, great mailbags full of gifts were arriv- and gave the impression of a whole herd of reindeer hove ing from home and there was cheer in those bundles for ing overhead. There were still about 25 gifts remaining t the men which was all out of proportion to their size. Of be distributed so I made use of a crude "spinner" numbere course there were a lot of gifts which the men could not from 1 to 10, which I would spin for a combination o possibly use on board a warship-probably bespeaking the numbers. Standing by with the list of pay numbers was, peacetime nature of Santa Claus-and there was a great J. F. Jones of San Francisco, yeoman in the Pay Office deal of hilarity as these gifts were shown around. How- who gave me the name opposite the number which cam .ever, I soon began to realize that some of the men had up. This man would come forward and was required t received no gifts-the "blue" expressions on their faces open his gift so all could seesome uncovered oversize were unmistakable. Again, what to do? That very after- sweaters, etc., which was a source of great amusement t noon, a truck stopped on the dock with several large bags everyone. filled with Christmas packages. This time it was Chaplain After the gifts were distributed, there were several im Brooks of the District Chaplain's Office who was playing promptu stunts by men of the visiting ships, and a visitin Santa Claus. It seems that Chaplain Brooks had received seaman gave a hilariously funny paraphrasing of the fa a great load of gifts for the men of the Navy from church mous poem "'Twas the Night Before Christmas" begin people, mainly from churches in Wisconsin and Minne- ning "'Twas the night before Christmas and all through sota. Those gifts could not have been more fortunate or the ship, not a creature was stirring, not even a rat-"timely. We quickly drew up a list of the men who had copy of which I am still hoping to get. Then came mot received no gifts from home, surreptitiously addressed the entertaining music from the band and the distribution o packages to them, gave them to our post-office clerk, and the "pogy-bait" and cookies and "gedunk" to all han. they received a Christmas gift from some thoughtful The cookies and candy were tossed out into the crowd ami person at home. great.shouting, reaching and general fun.
Christmas Eve morning, Chaplain J. W. Moore, Fleet At this point came one of the most touching experience Chaplain, drove up with nearly 200 cans and boxes filled I have known among the men on this ship. When the no's with delicious cookies, which had been prepared by local had subsided, I waved my hand for attention and in a fe church people. All was ready for a grand Christmas Eve words called to mind the meaning of our rejoicingparty. announcement to mankind of the birth of Jesus. T Near us were two cruisers, several destroyers, LST's, transition was startling-where a moment before had bee mine, sweepers, and an APD which had not been as for- the raucous fun of Navy men, now there was a compit tunate in being able to have a party, so all were invited sober-faced reverence. The band struck up "It Came upp and, judging by the crowd that night, all were well rep- a Midnight Clear," then "Silent Night," "Joy to t resented. By party time, the hangar and well deck were World"-all the great Christmas songs. There wasn't jammed and the men were draped, hanging or clinging man there who wasn't singing, and singing from th to everything above and around. Chaplain Jerome Gill of depths of his heart-as I looked over the crowd, fac Boston, Massachusetts, showed up with his swing band, beaming with joy, sad faces and some with tears streamin our Christmas tree was ablaze and the party was off with unabashed. The crowd dispersed after I had given th a swing version of "Jingle Bells" to the accompaniment invitation to all to attend Christmas service in the morn of whoops of enthusiasm from the men. Captain S. R. ing. Taps sounded and all hands "hit the sack" to dreaa Shumaker, forgetting his dignity, leaped from his chair to perhaps a 'childhood-Navy dream of Santa coming dow do a shuffle-rhumba amidst gleeful whistles from everyone. the "Stack."
Recommended Books pressor; through their eyes we see how the Jews wer
Hania and Gaither Warfield: persecuted; and finally we breathe with them the air0
Call Us To Witness, 434 pp., Ziff-Davis Publishing Co., freedom on the exchange ship which carried them back t 1945, $3.00. America. Reading this book will give a greater apprecia ^ c. ; t~a : a;; i. ' a xa ion of the blessings w e enjoy and >of the-liberties f This is a factual and vivid account of an American Meth- tion of the blessings we enjoy and of the libertiesf odist missionary to Poland and his Polish wife, who tell of which we have fought. theif experiences from August 20, 1939, to June 23, 1942. George M. Gibson Since their experiences differed through enforced separa- The Story of the Christian Year, 238 pp., Abingdo tions, each tells his or her story. The two accounts are Cokesbury, 1945, $2.50. dovetailed together in such a manner as to keep up the The author, an instructor in homiletics at McCormic reader's interest to the very end. They tell of experiences Theological Seminary in Chicago, has here given an in prisons both under the Russians and under the Ger- teresting study of the cultural and spiritual values of th mans; they describe the difficulties of living under the op-. (Continued on page 31) 26 The Army and Navy Chapf




SA HOBBY SHOP
On a Hospital Ship
By CHAPLAIN WARWICK F. KELLOWAY
land. But, far from regretting it, I consider it one of the richest experiences of my life.
Upon our request Chaplain Kelloway agreed he rst in s of le.
to "write up" his Hobby Shop. So far as is The first thing was to find aplace. Every suitable place
known it is the only institution of its kind on the ship was already in fu use. But, finally, the Skipin existence. In case you desire to. write per said we could use the ship's crew's baggage room. This the Chaplain for further particulars, his ad- was located on "F" deck, the lowest inhabitable deck and
theChaplain for further particulars, his ad- .h oet
dress is: USAHS "John J. Meany," c/o Post- up in the very bow of the ship. Every monster wave that
master, New York, New York. -struck in a storm sounded in that hollow room like the crack of doom. Moreover, it was only 24 feet long and 12 feet wide at the base, fading out to a point, following the curve of the ship. Also the baggage bins, projecting "Hi-ya, soldier! What do you want to make?" out, took up a great deal of space. But it' was the only
"Billfold, I guess-that is, if you have any leather." place there was, so we accepted gratefully.
"We haven't too much, and it has to be rationed, but Next, an enlisted man was selected to supervise the shop. we'll get you enough for a billfold. See if you can find a The person selected has been the greatest single reason for place to work." the shop's success. He had some training in arts and crafts,
In three trips back from Europe patients in this Hos- but best of all he was keenly interested in the project and pital Ship's Hobby Shop made three .hundred and fifty bill- has devoted all his thought and energy to it. folds and more than three thousand other articles. Yet To make the place cheerful andinviting we put pictures we are only a 582-bed hospital and on all our trips only on the wall. Later many of them gave place to pictures about half of our patients have been ambulatory. The drawn, or painted, by patients. Printed designs for the variHobby Shop is a "natural" for shortening trip time and ous crafts were posted up, lending character to the place. changing otherwise long and dreary hours into periods Many small pictures of all kinds of birds happened to be of creativity and pure enjoyment. On the last trip, for ex- available, and these were taped on the low beam for decoample, the patients were much more listless than usual- ration, but also to call attention to the beam and prevent possibly because they had been a shorter time in hospitals broken heads. The carpenter made a substantial work than other groups we had carried. Every program prepared bench and fastened it down. Some of the first patients for them, except movies and the boxing match, fell flat. made a sturdy table and also the supervisor's counter and It was obvious that they preferred to be left alone. But shelves. The baggage bins were turned into individual the Hobby Shop marked up an increase in every respect, work tables, and the ship's electrician strung lights for except the total number of individuals using the shop and this was accounted for by the fact that we carried forty' fewer patients than usual who could come to the shop.
I fell into the job of director of the Hobby Shop by the usual course of suggesting such a project. The Red Cross representative and I had for some time been advocating a Hobby Shop to be used for patients on the inbound voyage and the permanent personnel going out. Finally, at a eeting of the Recreation Council; consisting of the Special Services Officer, the Red Cross Worker, and the two chaplains, it was decided to take the venture. At that time not one of us imagined what a part it was destined to play in the life of the ship. Some of our personnel were frankly skeptical. I was selected to organize and direct this program on no more ground than that in the Mediter-. ranean days I had made a model sailing sloop in the ship's carpenter shop-and because I had talked too much. The other chaplain had just accepted responsibility for another roject, so I couldn't "pin" it on him, and I didn't think . uick enough of reasons I might have given for not assum- HOBBY EXHIBIT ing the responsibility. So I was for it, as they say'in Eng- Note the baby Rocker (ducks) at the far end. Octiber-November, 1945 27




I them. Unused on the ship since our sailing was a good provide it. When we cannot get what we need in any ot deal of handicraft material and this was now brought out, way we look for it in the market and pay for it out Special Service and Red Cross both contributing. There unit funds. Of course many things we would like to hav were even a few tools available, such as photographic paper, we cannot get. But how So, such as it was, we had a Hobby Shop. The question would like to back a small-sized truck up to the door o now was, would it be used? The next morning sixty pa- some leather, lumber, wool, plastic, or other concern a tients came down to register for projects. That afternoon pack into it the scraps that will be thrown away. How th the place was like a hive of bees at swarming time and would help to shorten the long trip home for these patient we knew that we had struck a "gold mine." Only twice, to On the last day out we always hold a joint exhibit my knowledge, has the shop been closed in the roughest articles made in the shop, and, under the supervision weather. the Red Cross, on the wards. Prizes are given in each cra Yes, we registered patients that first morning, and at first and three grand prizes for the over-all best article we had certain periods for this, and other times for that, Patients enjoy helping to set up the exhibit. On the la but we soon gave up any attempt at regulation. Free and trip-the lazy one-1,600 articles were made by patient easy are the words for it. You come, if you like, and do including those made by bed patients in the wards fro: as you please. Two simple and necessary rules for all that material supplied from the Hobby Shop (but not inclu are left of our carefully worked-out plans. One-the su- ing Red Cross ward-made articles) and 200 items were e pervisor must be present at all times to give out material, hibited. With sixteen in it the shop is crowded, but an av. check tools out and in, and give assistance when needed; age of sixty visited the shop daily. Some patients just abo hence regular hours-0900 to 1100; 1400 to 1600; 1800 live there. to 2100. Two-no tools are to betaken out of the shop. On the outward voyage the shop is open under similar Here are some of the things that go on in this possibly conditions to members of the permanent party, both en busiest two hundred square feet of American-owned prop- listed men and ship's crew, with two hours each afternoon erty in the world. Arts and crafts engaged in are: leather- reserved for officers. It is the same story. It can get ve craft, woodwork, weaving (land looms), wood carving, monotonous on a ship with no place to go and nothing plastics, clay modeling, model building, knotting, braid- see but sea. Hours are pleasantly, creatively and quicl ing, knitting, celluloid etching, linoleum carving, linoleum spent in the shop by an ever-increasing number. Almost printing, metalcraft, sketching, drawing, photograph color- everyone uses it, from the Colonel to the cabin boy. It a ing, show card lettering, water coloring and telegraphy. makes one speculate whether we should not have Hobby All this is in an atmosphere of music from an electric pho- Shops, like Libraries, in every community after the wa nograph which seems never to be silent. There is also a as the partial solution, at least, as to what to do wi record-cutting machine, and voice recording is the popular our increased leisure time. pastime for odd hours on Sundays on which day the work- This chaplain, though he would like to try every cra shop is closed. The latest addition to the shop has been a in the curriculum, has, I am sorry to say, made only on shelf containing telephone books that cover almost the object in the Hobby Shop since it was organized. It is te entire United States. Patients get a great deal of satis- old reason-cannot get the tunime. But I have visited U faction looking up and copying telephone numbers before shop every day, and what a rare opportunity to get a they arrive in port. quainted with people in an unstrained and interest And here are a few of the articles made: bracelets, neck- way. Being the director, I can show up at any time wit laces, rings, billfolds, cigarette cases, picture frames, key out being regarded as an intruding officer. First to d cases, comb cases, wood and leather bookends, baby rock- cuss with a soldier the design for that billfold, and the ers, baby slippers, lady's slippers, jewel cases, ash trays, later, the door of friendship being open, to discuss p waffle mats, table mats, belts, clay models, toy 'animals, sonal problems out on deck, in the ward, or in the cha and objects from felt, rags, wool, leather, wood, plastics lain's office. Valuable enough in itself, the Hobby Sh and tin cans-to say nothing about bookracks, bookcases has many incidental values, and not the least is tha and other things needed in the hospital wards. We are con- provides an easy and natural way to get acquainted. sidering the making of various kinds of puzzles for bed chaplain could do worse than direct a Hobby Shop. patients and games to give exercise to the hands and fingers ma M of patients who need it. CHINESE PROVERBS Who teaches the crafts? The supervisor, right there and Everythingis difficult at irst.
then, mostly. We had demonstration classes for patients The loftiest towers rise from the ground. at the beginning of each homebound trip. But, largely, A person of sense talks little and listens much. one patient learns from another. A tiny mole can undermine the strongest rampart.
ret eare t ri no .- oRiches only adorn the house, but virtue adorns the person.
Where are the material and tools obtained? Mostly Attention to 'small things is the economy of virtue.
through the Special Services Division. Certain things, such If you do not scale the mountain, you cannot view the pla as pyro lace and artist's materials, are obtained through A man is not always known by his looks, nor is the sea me the Red Cross. .ured by a bushel.
I should like to ay tribute to both of these agencies for A clever person turns great troubles into little ones and lit .a troubles into none at all.
their wholehearted cooperation. Their representatives m A bird cannot rest but on one branch. A mouse cannot drid, port know each trip what they can provide and who will more than its fill from a river.
28 The Army and Navy Chapi




What's Next for Army Chaplains?
Separation Regular Army Reserve Corps National Guard Maritime Service
RMY CHAPLAINS who desire to be separated from "ORGANIZED RESERVE CORPS
the service at an early date will be interested to know The Organized Reserve Corps is one of the three comatth critical score for officers haS now been reduced to -oet fte- r........ -,, on
ts This is a reduction rom the critically scscore for officers has now been reduced to ponents of the Army of the United States. It consists of the 75 points. This iers a reductionnd fr om the critical scorade of 100ficers Officers' Reserve Corps and the Enlisted Reserve Corps, for field grade officers and 85 for company grade officers and is composed of qualified citizen officers and enlisted that was operative until very recently. It is entirely within personnel who voluntarily elect to sere their country in a th el fpossibility that before this issue reaches the pe ho voutaiy lc to. sev thi ontyi the realm of possibility that before this issue reaches the military status during peacetime as well as war. It is conreader a further reduction of the critical score will be made templated that Reserve units will be effectively organized by the War Department or by the Chief of Chaplains. and trained in time of peace for prompt employment in
Atthe present writing ALL Army chaplains regardless time of war. of essentiality who have 75 or more points will automatically be separated from the service, unless they indicate ADVANTAGES OF JOINING THE OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS officially that they desire to remain on active duty for the You will have a military status and definite place in the duration of the emergency and six months thereafter. Chap- postwar Army of the United States. lains over 50 years of age with less than 75 points will be As an officer, you will receive an initial 5-year appointrelieved from active duty upon their request. This is in ac- ment in the Officers' Reserve Corps in the highest grade cord with the provisions of Army Service Forces Circular held at the time of relief from active duty. No. 366, dated 28 September 1945 and War Department You will have full opportunity, with your consent, to acCircular No. 290, dated 22 September 1945. quire additional practical experience through temporary
REGULAR ARMY active service and to receive promotion, by successive steps, WarDear-'to any rank for which you can definitely qualify. Until appropriate legislation is enacted the War Depart- Specific facilities will be provided to afford the means by ment obviously is unable to announce conditions which which you can qualify for advancement. will govern selection of officers for appointment in the You will have opportunities to accept tours of active Regular Army or the number of officers required. While duty with full pay and allowances. the Chief of Chaplains for that reason cannot now an- In the event of future active duty or of another nounce the number of chaplain vacancies that will exist in emergency, you will insure your continuity of commissioned
e eua ry ehsdtrie httemnmm emergency, you Will insure your continuity of commissioned
the Regular Army, he has determined that the minimum service for longevity pay, as well as for any authorized rerequirements for appointment will be substantially the tirement benefits. same as applied before the war, and as stated in AR 605- You will be able to maintain and enjoy the comradeship 30. However, a chaplain who was not over the maximum of your fellow officers of this war. age limit for appointment at the time he went on active You may exert an active influence on the future military duty will be considered qualified as to age. policy of the United States through membership in the
SUBMIT STATEMENT OF INTEREST Reserve Officers Association of the United States. This voluntary association of Reserve officers has been in existence
Chaplains who possess the necessary qualifications and since 1922, and was largely responsible for the availability desire appotment m the Regular Army are encouraged to of more than 100,000 Reserve officers at the beginning of submit a Statement of Interest in letter form to their im- World War II. ediate commanding officers. The form which this letter Most important: You will have the satisfaction of conshould take is outlined in detail in War Department Circu- tinuous service to your country-in peace as well as in war. lar No. 243, dated 10 August 1945, which also carries additional pertinent information with reference to appoint- WHY YOU SHOULD ENROLL NOW rent in the Regular Army. The Officers' Reserve Corps needs the skill and military
OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS 'Know-how' that you possess. Without your support, and
A, Army. c i w l b s t fo th that of thousands of veterans who will originally constiAll Army chaplains who will be separated from the tute the Officers' Reserve, it would take years to build a service will be interested in War Department MEMO- dependable Reserve. The United States cannot afford to smRANDUM FOR ALL OFFICERS dated 24 August 194.5. risk its security again by improvising armies after an This memorandum urges officers to accept a commission in emergency; neither can it continue to speak with authority the Officers' Reserve Corps- and provides that the initial in world affairs unless it maintains the means for backing 5-year appointm ent will be m ade in the highest grade held u tha a uhrsi ty .mo at the time of relief from active duty. Because of the im- up that authority. portance attached to this memorandum and the interest that WHAT ARE THE OBLIGATIONS? all chaplains have in its provisions the following para- As an officer, you will be expected to meet the minimum graphs of the memorandum are reprinted in full. (Continued on page 35) ober-November, 1945 '29
A l... . .. " " . i




The Nauy Goes Home
By CHAPLAIN CLINTON WUNDER, USNR*
The above title is not entirely an exact statement of the facts but it is true that more than 3,000,000 of the personnel of the Navy are going home.
TFHESE young men have literally gone down to the sea the Franklin D. Roosevelt. Chaplain Louis Fey was
Sin ships and have done business in great waters. They other early pioneer in the program, serving in the sec have seen the works of the Lord and His wonders in the center established at Navy Pier, Chicago. Associated deep. They have seen God command the waves and raise him was Chaplain W. J. Jarman who now is on duty in the stormy wind. They have reeled to and fro with the Chaplains Division of the Bureau of Personnel serving movement of the ship and at times they have been at their the demobilization program. wit's end. They have cried unto the Lord in their trouble At the present writing, there are 22 Naval Person and He has brought them out of their distresses. They Separation Centers in operation and 14 Officer Separat have seen Him calm the storm and still the waves. He Centers; 12 Coast Guard Discharge Centers and 2 Mai has brought them unto their desired haven. Indeed the Separation Companies which will be augmented to fou author of the 107th Psalm must have spent a good many an early date. days at sea. Long before VJ-Day came, many thousands of na Scattered throughout the United States are scores of personnel were being demobilized via Medical Disch' Separation Centers discharging the personnel of the Navy, from our 48 Naval hospitals in the United States. Coast Guard, and Marines. Aboard each center is a group same program of information by specialists is presented Sof qualified specialists who indoctrinate the dischargee in every Naval Hospital just as in Naval Separation Cent Sthe "GI Bill of Rights" and who assist him in making out Here again the chaplain has the same duties-sending
-final papers. There chaplains are present serving in their ters home, addressing groups of dischargees, counsell usual capacities. The chaplain is not there to give infor- men and women about to return to civil life. mation on the rights and benefits of the veteran. -He is An exhaustive bibliography is made available to there to give moral and spiritual counsel in the closing chaplains who have this duty, as is a sample address days of a man's military career. them to give to groups of dischargees. In the early d The chaplain addresses groups of dischargees when they chaplains were indoctrinated at the Separation Center first come aboard the center. He suggests to them their Lido Beach, New York and at Navy Pier, Chicago, responsibilities and obligations back home in contrast to when VJ-Day struck us, speed of action became esse all their rights and benefits as veterans. He tells the dis- and we changed to indoctrination on the apprenchargee that he will be glad, upon request, to send a spe- method. That is, chaplains experienced in the fiel cially prepared letter to his next of kin and to his pastor, demobilization indoctrinate their brethren who are priest, or rabbi. These letters are then signed by the signed to that duty. Chaplains Walter Henricks an chaplains of the respective faiths. A large per cent of the bert Zachat pioneered in the separation program wit dischargees come to the chaplain asking that these letters Marines. They were the first chaplains aboard in this be sent home. Many come with problems that must be gram with the First Marine Separation Company at solved, which urgently need attention on the eve of the Diego. To date we have assigned to this duty only ci man's return to civil life. lains who have had overseas experience, on the theory At the close of the processing a final meeting takes place they are better qualified to counsel with men, man which takes the form of a ,discharge ceremony. Again the whom have been through tough experiences and who chaplain appears, to speak briefly a word of farewell and to talk with chaplains who can speak their language. Godspeed. As each man's name is called he comes for- Throughout this interesting experience I have ha< ward to receive his discharge certificate. The chaplain then privilege of serving with two Chiefs of Chaplains, has the opportunity to shake his hand and say a word of with Chaplain R. D. Workman, under whose admin goodbye. tion the demobilization program began, and then C
Over a year ago chaplains began their contact with the lain W. N. Thomas who has the responsibility of si
demobilization program at the experimental discharge the program through to its finale.
center at Lido Beach, Long Island. Chaplain R. E. Lee It seems to me that a fitting close for this article was the pioneer of them all and because of his fine per- quote some of the remarks made by chaplains to gr
formance of duty, he was assigned to the great new carrier, of dischargees.
_ -: The chaplain speaks: "Never before in history hasy
*Chaplain Wunder is a veteran of World War I, in which he served government provided such a program of rights and
as an Army chaplain. Following duty at Guantanamno Bay, Cuba, where
he served as Senior Chaplain of that Naval Base, he came to the Chaplains' fits for war veterans. However, your going home is Division of the Bureau of Naval Personnel on February 17, 1944, as Spe- thing much more than receiving benefits from a gra
cial Assistant to the Chief of Chaplamins. Since January 1, 1945, he has
headed the Demobilization Section of the Chaplains' Division. government. There are obligations, duties and resp
.30. ... The Army and Navy Ch




abilities which all must face when we return to civil life. going to demand alot or give a lot? Life is a matter of There are intimate personal adjustments to be made to giving as well as taking. home life, with the members of our families. The attitude "Remember, too, that there are several hundred thouwith which you approach life back home will have much sand of your buddies who won't be coming back, whose to do with the success of your readjustment. Gear into the bodies lie buried all over the world or at the bottom of the situation as you find it, be agreeable, make yourself a ocean. Remember those who will come back forever valued and important part of the home front. Much will maimed or broken in spirit.- Those of you who have come depend upon what you think about the members of your through the war alive and well have an obligation to the family, the place min which you are going to live, the posi- dead and the wounded. tion you are going to take. In the few days you will be "Remember, too, that regardless of your particular faith, here in this Separation Center you might 'well analyze we all worship one God. Some church needs you and you yourself and your thinking. Now is your chance to develop need that church. All faiths teach and experience the right and helpful thoughts about what you will find when power of prayer. Are you praying these days? The Divine you arrive home. A man is often his own worst enemy. Skipper makes an excellent pilot for the life of the He can be his own best friend. veteran.
"Let me suggest that you take a personal inventory of "So, bring your ship safely to port and make your lines yourself and then do whatever house cleaning may fast before you go ashore. Your life back home is goin be required within yourself. Ask yourself what kind of a to depend mainly upon what you make it. May God bless father, husband, or son you are going to be. Are you you, and make your landing a secure and happy one."
The Chaplain and Demobilization planning his preaching, and for the same reason should be
The, Chaplan and Demobilization. .... ...
welcomed by chaplains.
The following form letter has been used by a chaplain at the demobilization center at the U. S. Naval Training Station, Great Lakes, Illinois: Religious Films Available
U. S. NAVAL TRAINING STATION The Religious Film Association, Inc., 297 Foirth Ave., Great Lakes, Ill. New York 10, New York, has recently issued a catalogue .and Dear Sir: .of 16mm. sound and silent films for church and community Reverend and Dear Sir:
use which should be of interest to Army and Navy chapI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... wish toavsyutah................
to advise you that lains who have the use of suitable projectors. The Associaof your church has been released from active duty in the Navy on has its own depositories e Yrk Chicago and has returned to the following address: ..........ts Yi....cago, San
Francisco, and Dallas, thus greatly reducing shipping time We earnestly suggest that you and your lay people make every and expense. Films are available on payment of a $2.00 effort possible to tie this man up close to the Church and to enlist registration fee plus an average charge of $1.50 per reel. in the service of religion and righteousness those qualities of The Association advises ordering films two or three weeks service which he has exhibited here..
i in advance to insure delivery on schedule. The eighty-page You will not find him greatly changed, evangelized, trans- catalogue is listed at thirty-five cents. figured spiritually. Neither, we think, will you find him debased The Religious Film Association is notto be confuse and deteriorated. He is just the same old fellow, but he is par The Religious Film Associatin is not to be confused ticularly ready now, since everything in his life is in a more or with the Film Service for Chaplains operated jointly by the less fluid state, to respond to tactful and wise guidance religiously. Service Men's Christian League, the Y.M.C.A., and The We know that he will receive this from you. Salvation Army. Write to the S.M.C.L., 1700 Sansom St.,
Very sincerely yours, Philadelphia 5, Pa., for the special catalogue of films available for the exclusive use of chaplains.
The date? That's rather significant when we chaplains of this war imagine that we were the first to help the demobilized serviceman tie up again with the home church. DO YOU KNOW THATThe date-'1918.
For seventy-two years, or from 1842 to 1914, the number of navy S t M chaplains was limited to twenty-four?
' Recommended Books .After the War of 1812 the only known army chaplain on duty
Recom m e Books was the one at West Point?
(Continued from page 26) The first navy chaplain to be killed in action was Chaplain John "historic Church Year. His twelve chapters present the L. Lenhart who went down with the U.S.S. Cumberland when history of special days and seasons and show how they it was sunk by the CS Merrimack, March 8, 1862. Chaplain have affected religion. It is very natural that there should Lenhart was the only navy chaplain to die in action in the ban emphasis on the observance of the Christian calendar whole history of the United States Navy up to Pearl Harbor at this time when there is a definite trend toward the when Chaplains Kirkpatrick and Schmitt were both killed? litucaln worship. The author shows his sympathy for Three Catholic chaplains served in the United States Army durca ing w "rhe The ar s s ym pCey i ing the Revolutionary War. The first Catholic chaplain to
the old saying: "When the year is neglected the Creed is serve in the navy was Chaplain Charles Henry Parks who was neglected This ,book will be a real aid to a minister in commissioned 30 April 1888?
iober-November, 1945 31




Plans for the Returning Chaplain
HE end of the war with Japan, for which we have long from the missionary districts. They propose that the Co
prayed, brought thousands of chaplains in the Army mission will assist in placing all chaplains by furnish and Navy face to face with some very real problems. At to any bishop who desires it, a list of all chaplains w the time of the writing of this article, only a small percent- have been discharged." age of the chaplains have been released from active duty. "Disciples of Christ-Dr. Willard M. Wickizer, Exe Thousands of clergymen still in uniform are wondering tive Secretary of the Committee on War Services for what the future holds for them. Disciples of Christ, reports that they have a special co
The first and most pressing question for most chaplains mittee appointed in reference to returning chaplains. Thi returning to civil life is that of getting relocated. An effort have sent a questionnaire to their chaplains and from has been made to gather the latest information from de- information to be received from these questionnaires, th nominational leaders or headquarters to find out what is hope to relocate the returning chaplains. This commi being done to help the returning chaplain. For financial acquires information on what provisions, educational a reasons some chaplains will need to take up at once the otherwise, are available through Government channels work of a parish. Others will want to take a "refresher" returning chaplains at time of discharge. In addition, th course in a seminary. While it is understood that the sepa- seminaries are eager to receive returning chaplains rate denominations will undoubtedly inform their respec- either refresher courses or for the completion of their ed tive chaplains of suggested aid, yet this information is of cation if they desire to continue their studies." interest to all. It may be that the knowledge of a helping "Baptist, North-Dr. G. Pitt Beers, Northern Bap hand extended by one denomination will spur another to Convention, stated in part: (1) Friendly suggestion is: do likewise. only assistance we can give in replacing chaplains in.
Chaplains who belong to churches having the episcopal pastorate. (2) Plans are being made for future conf form of government will find less difficulty in getting re- ences of chaplains as they return to civilian life. These adjusted to civilian life than will the chaplains who are being made with the hope of providing temporary ser members of the congregational type. Bishop W. T. Mc- for chaplains who may desire it while in transit fr Carty, Military Delegate of the Military Ordinariate of the military to civilian life. Roman Catholic Church, writes in answer to an inquiry as "Dr. Ernest C. Witham, Corresponding Secretary of to what his church will do for their returning chaplains: Northern Baptist Committee on Army and Navy Ch
"After demobilization, the Catholic chaplain ceases to lains, stated: 'Our problem is somewhat different f. be under the jurisdiction of the Military Ordinariate. It other groups. We are now making known to state and will, therefore, devolve upon the Bishops and Religious secretaries the date when a chaplain is being separa Superiors to institute their own programs concerning their from the service, indicating something of his attainme chaplains who are returning to civilian life." as a chaplain and as a minister, suggesting for what 1
The Executive Committee of the General Commission of church he would be best suited, and giving other < on Army and Navy Chaplains, anticipating this problem, and information concerning him. In this way the se met in Washington on 29 June 1945 to formulate plans. taries of the various states and cities are able to con The following extracts have been taken from the report pastorless churches, helping them to get in touch with that grew out of that meeting to indicate what some de- returning chaplains.' nominations are planning: The Methodist Commission on Chaplains met in W
"Protestant Episcopal-Colonel J. Burt Webster, Asso- ington, D. C., on September 10 and adopted a number ciate Executive Secretary of the Army and Navy Commis- resolutions, a copy of which was sent to all Bishops sion of the Episcopal Church, states that their Church will September 26. Returning Methodist chaplains who wo do all in its power to return the chaplains to parishes com- like to take a refresher course will be given financial as mensurate with their abilities. They propose (1) to notify ance if such is needed. One of the practical actions t all the bishops that the placement of returning chaplains by the Commission is the following: "During the inte must be the responsibility of the diocese or missionary between the date of a chaplain's release from the A district; (2) that the Commission point out to the inde- Service and the meeting of his Annual Conference, pendent dioceses that, if possible, they should make plans Commission will endeavor to provide a supplemental to take care of the chaplain's family during the time that lowance for any chaplain who cannot during such inte he is readjusting himself to civilian life. The National be placed at a money salary equal to the money salary Council should be asked to do the same for the chaplains ceived at the time he entered the Armed Service."
ARE YOU GOING HOME?
Back home there will be other chaplains who are members of the Chaplains Association. Meetings a conventions will be held-local, state, Service Command or District. Here's the opportunity to renew frie ships and acquaintances with fellow chaplains of wartime days. Interesting matters of importance chaplains and to the chaplaincy will be discussed and decided. We'll be seeing you there! BUTKeep Up Your Membership!
32 The Army and Navy Cha




pplemental salary is to be cleared through the individual tation Form 1950, to the Manager of the Regional Office chaplain's bishop. of the Veterans Administration which serves the territory
Strong action was taken at the beginning of the war by of his residence.
the Jewish rabbis of the United States to insure that rabbis Several of the Protestant denominations have indicated who went to war would be received back into their respec- their willingness to supplement the financial benefits of tive congregations when demobilized. This has been the the Government to make it possible, especially for married general practice among the Jewish congregations. men, to take advantage of further seminary training. The
Dr. Y. N. Ylvisaker, reporting to the National Lutheran Presbyterian Church, USA, requested three of its semiCouncil, explains that this Council is an advisory body naries-Princeton, McCormick, and San Anselmo-to plan only. However, most, if not all, of the individual Lutheran a special curriculum and housing for chaplain reorientabodies making up the Council have taken action to help tion. The Church also stated to its chaplains: "No less their respective returning chaplains. The American Luth- than a term nor more than a year is planned as the normal eran Church has set aside a fund of $50,000 for its pro- period for resident study, and chaplains' families are to be gram of chaplain rehabilitation, provided for to any extent necessary beyond government
The Rev. Paul Mehl, Executive Secretary of the Army subsidy."
and Navy Commission of the Lutheran Church, Missouri Some chaplains entered the service direct from seminary Synod, writes: "The Commission will grant each dis- and postponed their expected postgraduate study in order charged chaplain an adequate interim salary for a period to respond to the immediate and pressing demands of the of six months, or until such time that the chaplain has ac- war. Several of the seminaries extend attractive scholarcepted a call from some congregation. ships to such students. It is also reported that students
This sampling of policies and programs from repre- who have planned to study abroad may do so in certain sentative denominations indicates that every possible assist- approved British or Continental institutions and still reance will be given to the demobilized chaplain to get re- ceive their G.I. educational benefits. located. Naturally, chaplains who come from the non- Practically all of the larger seminaries announce special episcopal denominations will face more difficulty in getting seminars and courses for returning chaplains. Union settled than those who can turn to a bishop with the words: Theological Seminary in New York advertises that re"Well, here I am." fresher courses exclusively for chaplains will be provided for periods of two months as soon as ten or more chaplains
REFRESHER COURSES IN SEMINARIES enroll for them. In most of the seminaries the chaplains
The members of the American Association of Theologi- will be absorbed into the regular classes or seminars. Adcal Seminaries as early as September, 1944, were planning ditional financial assistance in the form of scholarships is, for the returning chaplains who might desire a refresher also available in some institutions. It is suggested that course before accepting a pastorate. There is great need chaplains who need such help make inquiry at the instifor such courses. Many of the chaplains have not had tution which they plan to attend regarding the availability access to libraries for some time. They have traveled with of such scholarships. a minimum of baggage. Some have carried only their On the whole it must be stated that the outlook for the Bible and a one-volume commentary. They have been un- returning chaplain is rather favorable. Many an older able to keep abreast of the new religious books that have clergyman who has carried on far past the retirement age been published since they donned the uniform. The type during the war years is eager to step aside and let some of sermons given to service personnel are not the kind returning chaplain carry on. Many churches, which have expected by the people in the home parishes. Many chap- combined with others during the emergency or which have lains will welcome the opportunity to go back to school struggled on with inadequate spiritual care, are eager for for a few months to brush up on theological knowledge the pastoral service of some ex-chaplain. Bishops, District and modern parish technique. Incidentally, a few months Superintendents, and others responsible for supplying pulspent at a seminary in a refresher course will give time for pits are eagerly awaiting the return of their clergy. some chaplains to look around and pick out a suitable Our Government, most of the individual denominations, parish. and several of the seminaries have all promised financial
Interest in the refresher courses was intensified on the aid to qualified chaplains who plan taking a refresher part of both the seminaries and the chaplains when the course. What an opportunity! To offset these attractive Veterans Administration announced that the educational educational appeals will come the calls from the local benefits of the G.I. Bill would apply to chaplains. There churches. It is the fashion now for a vacant church to want would be no disqualifying age limit and the chaplain a returned chaplain. What a dilemma for the demobiwould be given financial assistance for a period of time lized chaplain who yearns for further study and yet who ot in excess of one year. Any chaplain who wishes more sees a great opportunity in some church seeking him for its information is invited to present his application, Rehabili- pastor!
IS THIS SELFISH?
We want ALL chaplains-those who remain on active duty and those who return to a civilian status-to join the Chaplains Association or retain their present membership.
LISTEN! If we fail NOW to organize a strong Chaplains Association that is capable of effectively representing chaplains and the chaplaincy in the days to come, who will represent the chaplains? October-November, 1945 33




What War Servilce is Doing
to Ministers in Uniform
By CHAPLAIN ELLWOOD C. NANCE
Former Instructor-Army Chaplain School, Fort Devens, Mass.
President of Tampa University
M ORE than 10,000 ministers are now in the army and reveal their unfitness for the ministry. But failure to make L navy chaplaincy. These chaplains, representing all the transition from the civilian to the military pastorate of the major and many of the minor denominations of does not necessarily indicate that a minister could not b America, are conducting or supervising the religious activi- very successful in a civilian pastorate. Let me record here a ties, and concerning themselves with the moral welfare few of the reasons why I believe the experience of the chap problems of approximately 11,000,000 men and women in laincy will have made some ministers better men, and mor all branches of our Armed Forces. effective ministers.
We are all deeply. concerned about the possible moral 1. God forbid that we should ever have anything re and psychological effects of this war on our loved ones now motely resembling class consciousness or professional engaged in it. We know, of course, that there are unescap- pride among ministers, but other things being equal, th able hazards of wounds, sickness and death and we are chaplain veteran will have an added asset as a local past reconciled to these hard realities. But we also know that in the postwar world. He can say sympathetically, as did the large majority of our soldiers and sailors will come the Old Testament prophet, "I have sat where they hav through the war without physical injuries. These will re- sat" in relation to the other veterans of his community. H turn to their homes and their friends to take up the threads can make an excellent contribution in guiding other vet of life where they left them. Will they be the same men? erans into ways of usefulness. He can bring many of then Will they find readjustment to civilian life very difficult? into the church. He will know their language, their back Will their moral standards and ideals have changed for ground, their hopes and fears, their possibilities and the better or worse? What will be their attitude toward the weaknesses, and can frame his ministry to them accord church, religion, and other idealistic movements? ingly. He will experience a comradeship known among
Another class of veterans who will also have adjustments all veterans. He can be a key man in the community in re to make when peace comes again to our war-weary world lationship to all men who have served in a common cause are our ministers in uniform. What about the chaplains? as well as in his ministry to many others in the com What is the war doing to their minds and moral standards? munity who will honor arid respect him for his service to Will they be better men and better ministers when they our country. return from the war? What kind of a message will they 2. The chaplain veteran will be more of a cosmopolit have when they stand up to preach to postwar audiences? than he was when he left home. He will have seen much Will their estimation of the church and its function in of the world, even though he never left the United States society have changed? but much more, of course, if he did. His understanding a
I do not presume sufficient wisdom to answer dogmatic- people and their. problems will have been enhanced b. ally all these questions. It is obvious that a minister's major this experience. His horizons will have been lifted an drives, his training and personality, his consecration and his outlook enlarged. He probably will not be as pro character would not be entirely reconditioned by the ex- vincial and as sectarian in his relationship to World affairs periences of two or three years in camp or combat zone. His preaching will have a longer reach, a wider range. ie More than likely he will be more of what he was when he will have learned to lift his eyes above the immediate, an went into the services, plus a very favorable possibility of to think of the world as his parish. improvement. Heat hardens clay and melts wax. Storms 3. The chaplain veteran will have more respect for and break spotty timber and strengthen the fiber of healthy a deeper interest in missions. More than likely he has re trees. flected that neither the Japanese nor the Germans haW
The ministers who will have learned and gained the been able to destroy the faith implanted by missionaries. most from their experience in the army and navy, are the will have seen, in many instances, the concrete evidence men from whom we would have expected the greatest im- the good his church's missionary money has done. I provement had they remained in civilian parishes: Men knows now that had the church been more zealous with keen imagination, deep consecration, and a desire to missionary efforts this war might have been averted. H' learn the most from any situation or experience. Service will have seen the results of godlessness among rulers as with troops will have helped some men who were malad- their people. He will realize that future wars will coi Sjusted in the civilian pastorate to find their stride. In the upon us unless more of the knowledge and wisdom case of others this experience will have served only to God gets into us. 34 The Army and Navy Chapic




4. The chaplain veteran will be more sociaily-ninded, have on the national security cannot be too strongly emandmorie cooperative. in the services he learned to under- phasized." stand and work with many other religious leaders who had NATIONAL GuARD different outlooks, different convictions, and different N i G ... ... ....... , ... National Guard chaplains who have been: promotds
methods of worshipping God. He will have learned, if he to G .chpan w hv be : i:*,," h '" .th e AUS and are reheved from active duty may at tha tm did not already know, that other people also love the the AUS and are relieved from active duty may at that time Lord, and that others also have and wisdom." elect to accept a commission in the Officers' Reserve Corps
liTght oirn si ., in the highest grade held at the time of relief from active
5. The organizational side of the church s life will not d. The a ao io '
:-. .. ., _d uty. The acceptance of: a commission in te OficrsRe be so difficult for the chaplain veteran. In the army or s T ..e.
g, .. serve Corps automatically vacates theirNaioalGur navy he has learned the necessity of organization, team- rve Corps automatically vacates their National Guard work and personal discipline. The local pastorate will be appointment.
. National Guard chaplains who have not been promoted "lark" for some of our combat chaplains who have slept i .t h t
. in the AUS will have the opportunity to accept a commisinfxholes and eaten K,-Rations. And those chaplamns who ..... .. ,: foxholes and eaten K-Rations. And those chaplains who sion in the Officers Reserve Corps after the expiration of always found church boards and officials something to their terminal leave. complain about will get along better with their fellow churchmen after having lived by the regulations and di- MARITIME SERVICE CHAPLAINCY rectives of commanding officers who, it should be empha- Acri . .bthoe According to the information available to this office at sized, had to live up to the expectations of officers over ad this time arrangements are now being made for the estabthem. lishment of a chaplaincy in theMaritime Service. It is ex6. The chaplain veteran will preach shorter and more is.no .
efecv sm m tremely unlikely, we are informed, that any vacancies in
fective sermons. He will have learned to say more in .......
.... l .v ln the regular chaplaincy will exist in the peacetime period fewer words and in less time. Fifteen minute sermons are e fo v c
.:::.except for those who now have served as chapl mth the standard order of procedure in the Army and Navy. M t e i o "v .
Maritime Service.
7. The chaplain veteran, in most cases, will be more
human and at the same time more godly. He will have lived with pain and sorrow and destruction. He will give much time to the healing ministry of the church. He will Will the Returning Chaplain Be Different? be more apt to seek and minister to the lonely ones in every (Continued from page 24) community whose loved ones never returned. There will ex-chaplain to draw liberally on war and battle experibe others whose dark memories will need to be banished ences, particularly because most chaplains have not had by his sympathetic ministry. He will know that the home access to new books and have had little time, or opporfront will always need a man and a message to undergird tunity for study. The day will undoubtedly come when morale and inspire men and women to walk with God. many an occupant of the pew will want to arise in the middle of a sermon and shake his finger at the pastor and cry out: "If you use another war illustration, I'll scream" What's Next for Army Chaplains? THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN iS eager to receive
(Continued from page 29) ''from chaplains now in the service, from those about to be discharged, and from those who have already returned to training requirements, which will not be burdensome. It is chre, me frank testonies on this ar ore
civil life some frank testimonies on this problem of re assumed that Congress will provide the means for active adjustment. We beg permission to print pertinent paraduty training on a broader basis than in prewar days, thus astnt ug pe ritrn. peran par
affor a wi te te of dy yu m graphs without using the writer's name. A frank discusaffording yo a wider selection in the type of duty you may sion of some of the issues involved ought to be helpful. elect and m the length of time you may wish to serve. Your patriotic obligation to serve in time of a national ' emergency will find you adequately prepared. WORDS OF WISDOM WORDS OF WISDOM
WHO ARE ELIGIBLE ? The great use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.-WILLIAM JAMES.
All male officers who meet the requirements of the finaltype physical examination given during their normal pro- No one solves the hurt of the world by feeling sorry for cessing at the separation centers, for either general or himself.-Selected. limited military service, and who are separated from active God never closes one door without opening another.-Selected. duty under honorable circumstances. It is better to walk in the dark with God than go alone by sight.-PHILLIPS BROOKS.
WHEN AND WHERE TO JOIN oo
'] O . : Unless i.. there is within us that which is above us, we shall soonl When you are being relieved from active duty at a sepa- Unless there is within us that which is above us we shall soon .. ..... yield to that which is about us.-PETER FORSYTHE.
ration center or other installation, you will have the op- el ot hc iabu us-PT Ste, portunity to volunteer for further service to your country People, not chance, determine destiny.-Selected. by accepting a commission in the Organized Reserve Corps. Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much; Those who have already been separated may be com- Wisdom is humble that he knows no more.-COWPER. missioned by writing to The Adjutant General. No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, The importance of your decision and the effect it will is fit for the kingdom of God.-From the Bible. October- November 1945 35




HOUGHTS, CTIVITIES, ECHNIQUES
A Department of Helpful Suggestions and Materials for Chaplains
We present for the second time the TAT Department, in lieu of a better name, which is designed to help chaplains of all faiths now serving in
f places where they are separated from their libraries. We invite you not
only to borrow freely of the THOUGHTS here presented for your sermons, addresses, and bulletins, but also to send us choice quotations which might be of interest to others. We would like to make this section of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN a clearinghouse for interesting ACTIVITIES and new TECHNIQUES. Have you tried something new that produced results? Tell us about it, so that we can pass it on to others. Send your contributions with copies of your church bulletin to TAT, c/o THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN, 1751 N Street, N.W., Washington 6, D. C.
From a Church Calendar Missions for the World
Come in His Presence in silence Servicemen attending Easter services in a small Congre Clear the noise of the street from your soul gational Church in Honolulu found this notice on t And waiting in quiet before Him, collection box at the door: "This money will be used fo Your life will again be made whole. missionary work in Honolulu and these islands, in Micron nesia, China, South Dakota, and the whole world."
-Selected.
Victory or Defeat
There is a monument at Gettysburg to honor the memory of a color-bearer who became isolated from his regi- The Skippers' Prayer ment after a charge. The regiment retired, but the color I do not ask that winds shall favor me, bearer and several men held their ground. The major sent Nor ask for dangers less than others share. a messenger through to the boy, "Bring the colors back to I know my ship is worthy of the sea; the regiment." The boy replied, "Bring the regiment back I would not shame my ship by such a prayer. to the colors."
-Observed by Geo. W. Olinger. But she has wisdom I do not possess.
.I watch her sail herself at times, and then, I feel so humble, Lord, and I confess
Words of Wisdom I need that wisdom ships can teach to men.
There's no limit to the good a man can do if he doesn't
care who gets the credit. She doesn't fight the sea, and doesn't fear it; George W. Olinger. She only asks a sea to sail.
She yields to all its moods with dauntless spirit, I said to a man who stood at the gate of the year, "Give But she is staunch and I am weak and frail. m, e a light that I may tread safely into the unknown," and he replied, "Go out into the darkness and put your hand So, blame her not if I should meet disaster., into the hand of God. That shall be to you better than a My ship must go wherever I command; light and safer than a known way. But make me worthy, Lord, to be her master
-His Majesty King George VI. And guard her helm and guide my blundering hand.
-Etta Revell.
The ground of liberty is to be gained by inches. We
must be contented to secure what we can get from time to "Be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath."-JAMES 1: time and eternally press forward for what is yet to get. It The happiness of your life depends upon the character takes time to persuade men to do even what is for their your thoughlts."- MARcus AURELIUS. own good. "We are never ourselves until we are in the will of God."
-Inscription, Annex, Library of Congress. -Selected,
36 The Army and Navy Chapiu




Christmas Holiday Decorations in Army and Nauy Chapels
Lockbourne Air Base, Columbus, Ohio USNTC, Sampson, New York
Childress Army Air Field
Camp Blanding, Florida
Camp Grant, Illinois Fort Custer, Michigan
Randolph Field, Texas
Mother Field, California Camp Edwards, Massachusetts USN Air Station, Chicagoe
(Glenview), Illinois
Army and Navy chapels have usually been appropriately decorated to reflect the spirit of the Christmas holiday season. In some chapels colored spotlights were used to good effect in order to highlight decorated trees or a section of the chancel. We hope the photographs above will help you "steal" a new idea for your Christmas 1945
chapel decoration program.
Lockbourne Air Base, Columbus, Ohio
Sctober-November 194i 37rida ....Cid in4F tCutei ic'g 4:
Rand o.p F ..d #4e
M Jhr Feld CalforiaRandlp EldU Tex sei: i i t le~viw~i Iiin'i n~av h~e, av ,Ucy oppoprit4,
SN~i A ir St p ovation, Chicago.. .. ... ....
decoatedto rfletith spiitef th Chrstms hoidayhio seso. n om capl cooe spights wer use to*




Books By, About, and for Chaplains
As a service to our readers, all books mentioned in this article may be ordered from the office of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN, provided cash accompanies each order. Include 10 O for each volume ordered to cover the cost of postage and mailing.
A STREAM of books dealing with World War II has Chaplain Maguire was often given the credit for the
already begun to flow from the presses. So far only a famous saying: "Praise the Lord and pass the ammunitrickle of this stream is concerned with the chaplains and tion." However, the chaplain who uttered these words in their work or with the history of religion among service the heat of actual combat was Chaplain Howell M. Forgy, personnel. Even though more than 12,000 chaplains have who was aboard the cruiser New Orleans when it was hi served with the armed forces, the books already published in Pearl Harbor on that fateful Sunday morning. Chap by chaplains from both the Army and the Navy can be lain Forgy tells a most stirring story. His book begins counted on the fingers of two hands. Perhaps this is as it with a chapter on Pearl Harbor and carries the reader should be. During the excitement of battle and the ten- through the naval aspect of the struggle for Guadalcana sion of war years, chaplains have rarely found the leisure when the New Orleans was hit again. Chaplain Forg necessary to write a book. Many excellent magazine and writing, out of combat experience tells of the sustaining newspaper articles have appeared over a chaplain's sig- power of a Christian faith to men in times of danger. Thi nature. These are of transitory interest since they are is a good book. always difficult to find. Let us hope that the few volumes Chaplain Maguire's second book, The Captain Wears of war experiences and observations now available, which Cross, is a sequel to his first. This volume gives an accoun have been written by Army or Navy chaplains, are but the of his experiences as a Navy chaplain from the time of promise of more to come. Pearl Harbor to the summer of 1942 when he reported fo
Believing that many chaplains will want to have in their duty at the Naval Training Station at San Diego. Herf libraries copies of books written by chaplains, an effort has Chaplain Maguire reveals the tenseness which existed dur been made to compile a complete list to date. Due men- ing those weeks immediately following Pearl Harbor. H tion will be made in subsequent issues of THE ARMY AND gives many a salty story about shipmates, including other NAvY CHAPLAIN of any book that may have been inadvert- Navy chaplains. Chaplain Maguire explains how h ently overlooked in this review, was given the credit for the saying: "Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition" and how he tried to correct the wide
BOOKS BY NAVY CHAPLAINS spread public acceptance of this story.
William A. Maguire, Captain, ChC., USN: Chaplain Claypool told his story, God on a Battlewagon,
Rig for Church, 251 pp., MacMillan, 1942, $2.00. to Carl Wiegman who put it into book form. The "Batte The Captain Wears a Cross, 201 pp., MacMillan, 1943, wagon" was the South Dakota which saw action around $2.00. Guadalcanal during those critical days in November, 1942
James V. Claypool, Captain, ChC., USNR: The South Dakota was in the thick of the fight, once
God on a Battlewagon, 110 pp., John C. Winston Co., shooting down thirty-two enemy planes and on anothe 1944, $1.50. occasion fought twenty-eight fires on board in one night
Howell M. Forgy, Lieutenant Commander, ChC., USNR: Here is a tremendous story of battle, of Christian faith
4And Pass the Ammunition, 242 pp., Appleton-Century, of dying men, and of the ministry a Navy chaplain ca
0 and did render.
W. Wyeth Willard, Lieutenant Commander, ChC., USNR: h last two books mentioned deal with a chaplain
The Leathernecks Come Through, 224 pp., Revell, 1944, The last two books mentioned deal with a chaplain.
$2.50. duty with the Marines: Of these two Willard's book is th $20. .more dramatic for he saw action with the Marines a Hansel H. Tower, Lieutenant Commander, ChC., USN: Guadalcanal and Tarawa. Tower's account covers the
; : .... 4 .. .. 2_ Guaalcanal and Tarawa. Tower's account covers the a
Fighting the Devil with the Marines, 172 pp., Dorrance, . t Mi
1945, $2.75. periences of a chaplam with the Marines in the months j before the outbreak of war. There is a warm evangelisti
Two of these books-Rig for Church and And Pass the strain running through all of Willard's writings and he ha Ammunition-deal with the Pearl Harbor incident. Ma- many a story to tell of the Christian faith of our fighting guire's first volume reviews the high lights of his chap- men. Willard states (p. 183): "Generally speakin laincy from 1918. He includes some biographical material. Christian soldiers are more reliable and courageous and a wealth of anecdotes and reminiscences. About one- combat than those who have not the knowledge of God. third of the book tells the story of his service in the First Tower's book is packed with good common sense for cha World War. Maguire is the only Roman Catholic chaplain lains. He has some interesting accounts of meetings wi of the five authors here listed. He gives some interesting the Christian natives of the islands of the South Pacific. material on the work of a chaplain in the Navy during the interlude between the two World Wars. His Rig for BOOKS BY ARMY CHAPLAINS Church closes with a brief descriptive account of Pearl Only the four following books are known to have a Harbor. peared over the names of Army chaplains: 38 The Army and Navy Chaplal
4 -




Eben. Cobb Brink, Major, USA: BOOKS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
And God Was There, 92 pp., Westminster Press, 1944, oh bo hv a w o
$1.00. Several other books have appeared which are of special interest to chaplains either because of their content or beIn brief episodes the author, a minister of the Presby- cause of their authorship. terian Church U.S.A., and a chaplain with the First Armored Division prior to his present assignment in the Of- S. A. Constantino, Jr.: fice of Chief of Chaplains, has taken his readers with his Amen, Amen, 184 pp., Harper & Brothers, 1944, $2.00. men over the seas and on battlefields and through every kind Written by a young Roman Catholic naval aviation of battle experience, revealing the intimacies of battle corn- officer. Stimulating reading. radeship and showing how men have discovered that God was with them under every condition. It is a story of the James C. Whittaker: men whom he served-not of the chaplain himself-and We Thought We Heard the Angels Sing, 139 pp., Dutton ends with a strong appeal to the home church to under- & Co., 1945, $1.50. stand its opportunity when these men return to civilian life. Here is the epic story of the Eddie Rickenbacker party
William C. Taggart, Major, USA: adrift for three weeks before being rescued. This is a
My Fighting Congregation, 173 pp., Doubleday, Doran story of a modern miracle, told by a Navy lieutenant, a
and Company, 1943, $2.00 member of the party.
This is a story of the service rendered to our fighting Henry P. Van Dusen:
airmen by the chaplains who went out with them into the They Found the Church There, 145 pp., Charles Scribner's Southern Pacific. The author, a minister of the Southern Sons, 1945, $1.75'. Baptist Convention, and chaplain of the 19th Bombard- The President of Union Theological Seminary, New ment Group, collaborated with Christopher Cross in telling York, tells how members of the armed forces discovered the human interest stories that comprise most of the book. the church in the far reaches of the islands of the Pacific. The book is almost all conversation, telling in an ordinary A thrilling account of the results of Christian missions. manner the feelings and reactions of the chaplain and his men as they go forth from the homeland to aerial battle Daniel A. Poling: in the Pacific. Your Daddy Did Not Die, Greenberg Co., 1944, $2.00.
Ellwood C. Nance, Captain; USA: The fact that Dan Poling is the author is sufficient recFaith of Our Fighters, 304 pp., Bethany Press, 1944, $2.00. ommendation in itself. It should be remembered that Dr.
In producing this book the chaplain, a Disciples of Poling is the father of Chaplain Clark Poling, one of the In producing this book the chaplam,; a Disciples of .. .
i miste ad f n Am four chaplains who heroically gave their life belts to four Christ minister and former instructor in the Army Chap- s. . . ,,v ....
.orsailors when their vessel was sinking. .Greater love hath lain School, has been an editor rather than an author, for or hn this he has assembled contributions from Protestant, Catholic, no man than this . and Jewish chaplains and from others both in the ranks N. M. Ylvisaker: and in the churches who are competent to discuss the place. Trumpets of God, 176 pp., Augsburg Publishing House, of religion in the armed forces. Well illustrated with offi- 1945, $1.50. cial Signal Corps pictures, the book gives a good account Chaplain Ylvisaker is a major in the Chaplain Corps of what has been done in the name of religion for the men of the Army but not now on active duty. He is the Presiand women in camp and field, and tells how they have dent of the Chaplains Association of the Army and Navy responded to these efforts under the guidance of our of the United States and the author of several well-known chaplains. devotional books. Here Dr. Ylvisaker is writing to help
Thomas H. Clare, Captain, USA: individuals discover their need for God. The book is
Lookin' Eastward, 321' pp., MacMillan, 1945, $2.50. packed with fine homiletical material for chaplains.
The author of this book, before his death an Evangelical Alva J. Brasted:
Reformed minister, was chaplain of the 341st Bombard- A Z You Were, 156 pp., Morehouse-Gorham, 1944, ment Group in India until he was reported missing on a $1.25. flight "over the hump" early in 1944, from which he has A Z You Were contains 26 concise chapters each illusnever been heard. The book was prepared by his wife tratedwith a suitable cartoon by Corporal Allen. The titles from letters written to her during the chaplain's two years of the chapters run the gamut of the alphabet from A to abroad. It is amusing and interesting, but also has its more Z, beginning with "Alertness" and ending with "Zealousserious moments. Giving, as it does, a day by day account ness." An interesting and inspiring little book. of a chaplain's varied activities, the book is an excellent picture of the more informal aspects of the life of Ameri- Service to Service Men, 63 pp., Augsburg Publishing can soldiers surrounded by the life and conditions of India. House, 1942, $0.50.
These personal accounts of chaplains are the foundation Chaplain Brasted's pamphlet was written for chaplains. stones of more comprehensive works to follow. In the It has had wide circulation among Army chaplains, but ears to come these works will be quoted as original sources is equally applicable to Navy chaplains. The author by historians who will be evaluating the spiritual experi- speaks out of a long and fruitful ministry as an Army ences of this generation. chaplain. October-November, 1945 39




To the Editors
Pardon Our Blushes! July-August. The cover was so impressive and the contents very helpful and enlightening to me. You are doing a I wish to congratulate you on the July-August issue good job and I am sure that the efforts of you and your ~~staff are greatly appreciated. of the publication, THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN. staff are greatly appreciated. The photography is excellent and the contents are most I have intended becoming a member of The Association interesting, ever since entering the service and I am sure that my delay has been a great loss to me.
-JACOB S. PAYTON, Acting Director, has been a great loss to me.
General Commission on Army and Navy Chaplains. Looking forward to a visit from TPIE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN at regular intervals and a personal acquaint. 1 A ance with more of my comrades in the Chaplaincy, I am,
I do enjoy the Army and Navy Chaplains Journal. Sincerely yours,
Helpful to us even when we are back in regular church CHAPLAIN BENJAMIN F. BENNETT. work.
CHAPLAIN AXEL HARRY SEVERSON.
Please accept my congratulations on your first edition
of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN. The cover, layout May I take this opportunity to express my sincere ap- pictures and\ material are all excellent! The new editorial preciation for the great improvement you have made in the staff promises big things for the Association and you have appearance and contents of the maga,ne. I like the new the sincere good wishes of all the chaplains. paper, and the pictures, and the more personal, human- However, I should also like to record a word of ap touch quality which you have achieved. The old was good preciation for the efforts of Chaplain Alva J. Brasted who but the new is even better. I congratulate you, and wish carried us nearly through the war as Editor. His was you the best of everything. definite contribution to the chaplains work. The sacrifice CHAPLAIN JAMES A. ANDREWS. he made, along with Mrs. Brasted, in assuring us regult copies of the magazine wherever we were during thi war was recognized and deeply appreciated by many hun
Congratulations on the new dress of THE ARMY AND dreds of chaplains.
NAVY CHAPLAIN and the improved subject matter of the CHAPLAIN CHARLES L. LACK. magazine articles!
I considered the membership application blank as a
"red-bordered letter" and filled it out to renew my mem- Indclosed find check for 1945-46 (four dollars) due bership. I am mailing this reply back by return mail just as And with this check, accept my heartfelt congratulation I used to do with all replies to communications, whether not only upon your recent issue of THE ARMY AND NAy red-bordered or not. I began my ministry to soldiers in CHAPLAIN, but also upon your excellent plans for th 1917 but, alas, was retired for disability incurred in line of future issues of our magazine. And with these congratuh dut on 30 October 1943., Bduty on 30 October 1943. motions are extended my thanks to you chaplains who have s Best wishes for the success of the Association and the unselfishly assumed the burden of publishing THE A magazine! CRANDAL AND NAVY CHAPLAIN in keeping with the finest tradition CHAPLAIN FRANK B. CRANDALL. of service found in our chaplaincy.
Your conception of the magazine format is ideal-rea
istically, it will serve the needs of the chaplaincy presen
CONGRATULATIONS on the July-August number of ing all that is of current interest, as well as emphasizing THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN. You have done a those ideals upon which the chaplaincy is founded. I ca. SUPERB job. I am confident that all who see and read this see in the magazine a clearinghouse for things pertine number will be favorably impressed as I have been. You to the chaplaincy and in this connection suggest a questi: deserve the one hundred per cent cooperation of all the and answer section designed to be informative, instructi chaplains of the armed forces in advancing the interests of and helpful to the chaplains in solving their individ THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN and The Chaplains As- problems. A further purpose, in my opinion, is that sociation of The Army and Navy of the United States. magazine serves as a mouthpiece (unofficial) for the cba CHAPLAIN ALVA J. BRASTED. laincy-advocating those things which the Associai deems necessary for the well-being of the chaplaincy
the welfare of religion in the armed forces. In a we
Through the graciousness of, your office I received the the possibilities of the magazine are many.
very fine issue of THE ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAIN for CHAPLAIN JOSEPH R. Koc 40 The Army and Navy ChPap




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AMERICAN ARMY
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A Brief History
Prepared in the Office of the Chief of Chaplains, U. S. Army
Written in boldface across the pages of American history is the record of The Army Chaplaincy.
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